EP2367677A1 - Procédé pour réguler la température d'une presse isostatique à chaud et presse isostatique à chaud - Google Patents

Procédé pour réguler la température d'une presse isostatique à chaud et presse isostatique à chaud

Info

Publication number
EP2367677A1
EP2367677A1 EP09759678A EP09759678A EP2367677A1 EP 2367677 A1 EP2367677 A1 EP 2367677A1 EP 09759678 A EP09759678 A EP 09759678A EP 09759678 A EP09759678 A EP 09759678A EP 2367677 A1 EP2367677 A1 EP 2367677A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure vessel
convection
flow
fluid
loading space
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09759678A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Matthias Graf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cremer Thermoprozessanlagen GmbH
Original Assignee
Dieffenbacher GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dieffenbacher GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Dieffenbacher GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2367677A1 publication Critical patent/EP2367677A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/001—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a flexible element, e.g. diaphragm, urged by fluid pressure; Isostatic presses
    • B30B11/002—Isostatic press chambers; Press stands therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/04—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/16—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for tempering a hot isostatic press according to the preamble of claim 1 and a hot isostatic press according to the preamble of claim 10.
  • Hot isostatic presses (HIP) or autoclave ovens are used today for a variety of applications.
  • Compressed and high temperature In this case, similar but also different materials can be interconnected.
  • the workpieces are placed in an oven with a heater, which in turn is surrounded by a high pressure vessel. During or after the heating, a complete isostatic pressing is performed by the all-round pressure of a fluid or inert gas, usually argon, until the workpieces are optimally compressed.
  • a fluid or inert gas usually argon
  • This method is also used to effect recompression of components, for example of ceramic materials, eg for hip joint prostheses, for aluminum cast components in automotive or engine construction, as cylinder heads of car engines, or precision castings of titanium alloys, eg turbine blades.
  • HIP cycles usually take a long time, from several hours to several days. A significant part of the cycle costs are caused by the machine hourly rate due to the capital tie-up.
  • the relatively long cooling times from operating temperature to a permissible temperature at which the press installation can be opened without risk usually make up more than one third of the cycle time and are not of any use in terms of process technology.
  • the cooling also plays an essential role for the material properties of the parts to be produced. Many materials require compliance with a certain maximum cooling rate for reasons of material quality.
  • Convection sleeves used which consist of a top and bottom open tube. When heated, heat sources in the oven provide power and the flow will commence depending on the location of the heat source. For example, it is heated in the loading space (below the loading) and there is an upward flow in the middle of the loading space and on the outside of the walls (cooler temperature) a downward flow.
  • the already mentioned convection sleeve offers the advantage that in the convection gap (between convection sleeve and insulation on the outside) a controlled
  • An embodiment for the rapid cooling of a HIP plant has become known, for example, from DE 38 33 337 A1.
  • a gas circulation between the hot space inside the insulating hood and the cold room outside the insulating produced by valves in the bottom space of the circuit is opened.
  • In the upper lid of the insulating constantly open holes are available through which the hot fluid can escape.
  • a disadvantage of this embodiment is that very cold fluid from below flows back into the hot room and comes directly into contact with the loading of the furnace or the workpieces. The hot room is thus filled from bottom to top with cold gas. This has the disadvantage that on the one hand a sudden cooling can occur with too uncertain einberichtbaren parameters and that no uniform cooling rate over the entire batch space is achieved.
  • the problems described above can occur due to the uneven cooling.
  • the person skilled in the art is aware that in the technologically important temperature maintenance phase, the charge in the Loading space are kept in a very narrow tolerance range of, for example, ⁇ 5 ° C.
  • the known pressure vessel systems tend to segregation of hot and cold gas in the loading space.
  • the active heating elements By targeted countermeasures using the active heating elements to try to compensate for this effect.
  • the heating elements act on the lateral surfaces of the loading space and thus can not completely prevent segregation in the interior of the loading space.
  • an active convection flow through the loading space is used selectively, but in holding phases, for example between the heating phase and cooling phases or staircase changes in temperature, by the concomitant reduction of the required heating power convection almost to a standstill comes and therefore no longer the desired effect can be achieved in the holding phase.
  • the flow is directed purely vertically through the loading space.
  • uneven flow in the pressure vessel may occur when zones with different flow resistance occur. Since a fluid flow adapts to the path of least resistance, zones with low flow resistance are flowed through better and faster and tempered correspondingly faster. Accordingly, not or Only slightly flowed through areas adapted less quickly to the new temperature conditions and there is an inhomogeneous temperature distribution in the pressure vessel or in the loading space.
  • the object of the present invention is now to provide a method for uniform tempering of a hot isostatic press and to provide a hot isostatic press, which is not only suitable for carrying out the method, but can also be operated independently with the advantages of a uniform temperature. In the focus of course is the even cooling of the
  • Loading space or the loading wherein a colder fluid is rapidly mixed with hot fluid in the pressure vessel or preferably in the loading space of the hot isostatic press and at the same time a sufficiently fast and above all ensured circulation of the fluid throughout the pressure vessel, but especially in the loading space is achieved to achieve a uniform cooling of the entire load.
  • the method can also be used advantageously in the heating and holding phase of the hot isostatic process in order to achieve the best possible temperature uniformity in the loading space.
  • the solution of the task for the method according to claim 1 is that in addition to at least one existing natural or activated convection flow for heating or cooling or for holding a Temperature levels at least one rotational flow is actively or passively developed within the pressure vessel.
  • a similar distinction relates to the active and passive development of a rotary flow in the pressure vessel, wherein an active development of the rotary flow turn aids are understood to push or enhance the rotation flow through their use, such as circulation devices (fans) and / or nozzles and a passive development of the rotational flow by means of guiding devices the kinetic energies of the convection flow are used.
  • an active development of the rotary flow turn aids are understood to push or enhance the rotation flow through their use, such as circulation devices (fans) and / or nozzles and a passive development of the rotational flow by means of guiding devices the kinetic energies of the convection flow are used.
  • the solution to the problem for a stand-alone hot isostatic press or for a hot isostatic press for performing the method according to claim 10 is that active and / or passive means for Forming a rotational flow, which occurs substantially at an angle to the convection flow, are arranged in the pressure vessel.
  • the isostatic press is suitable for carrying out the method, but can also be operated independently.
  • a teaching of the invention is that in addition to a convection by Leitvoriquesen, radiator, heat sink, injections or circulation blowers targeted a rotational flow is to be formed within the pressure vessel.
  • a rotational flow is to be formed within the pressure vessel.
  • Konvezzysströmung with vertical orientation this is to form an angular rotational flow thereto, which optimally ensures a thorough mixing of the existing or the admixed fluid avoids temperature nests and ensure a high Aufchristungs- or Abkühlungsgradienten can carry.
  • the vertical segregation of the cold and hot fluid particles is prevented and at the same time the energy transport from the load to the cooled outside, for example, spent within the pressure vessel.
  • the rotational flow results in increased turbulence in the loading space and at the same time a longer overflow length, which gives the fluid more time to absorb or release the energy to the load or other temperature-controlled surfaces, such as a cooled outside.
  • Compared to the vertical flow through the load space is flowed through more uniformly and there are no or substantially less dead zones with insufficient gas and temperature exchange.
  • the rotational flow can be carried out indirectly by passive means by the natural or activated convection (usually excited by Kältenester) is started and obtained by Leitvorraumen or the geometric structure within the pressure vessel, the ascending and descending convection currents an angular momentum to the convection flow. This can be promoted for example by baffles, fans or targeted barriers.
  • the injection of fluids with preferably differentiated temperature value offers. By injecting at high speed, preferably at the upper end of the loading space, but also in the lower region or outside of the loading space conceivable, creates a cyclone effect within the pressure vessel or the loading space.
  • cooler fluid is moved by the rotation along the respective walls in a circle and it sinks downwards due to the higher fluid density.
  • the outer area of the loading space there is a mixing between the hot fluid from the vicinity of the load and the cyclone-like moving cold fluid. The thereby falling down fluid in this case pulls hot fluid from the inner region of the loading space with it by a
  • Loading space is also ensured that only by ascending or descending fluid no temperature niches in the loading space due to undercuts of the load or a load carrier can arise. Spatial niches with normally stationary fluid with pure vertical application of the convection flow are still sufficiently mixed due to the rotating fluid and the resulting turbulence in order to compensate for temperature differences perfectly. This ensures that even workpieces with undercuts or complex geometries can be evenly cooled down (heated up). In addition, the
  • the fluids flowing in the convection direction still have a rotational momentum in the convection gap, provided that they are not powered by active means or directed by passive means (baffles).
  • the rotation flows in the convection gap also ensure optimum mixing and equalization of the temperatures and prevents punctual temperature differences.
  • the heat transfer between the walls is significantly increased by the turbulent flow.
  • the overflow length is decisively extended by the rotation flow, which leads to a significantly better heat transfer and thus more efficient cooling, especially on tempered surfaces (cooled pressure vessel wall).
  • baffles or similar acting resistors can be arranged in the convection gap, which support the rotational speed of the fluid during the ascent, brake or ensure a better turbulent mixing.
  • two circulating circuits can now be set up in such a pressure vessel, one inside in the region of the loading space and one outside in the region of the wall of the pressure vessel, wherein the regions can be separated by thick-walled elements or by insulation.
  • the flowing fluid conditions or the circulating Set fluid quantities in the circulation circuits to each other, for example by adapted formation of the transition openings or by adjusting means such as valves. These openings can also be resized manually every time they are loaded.
  • the flowing past the outer parts of the pressure vessel rotational flow provides for improved temperature transfer from the walls of the pressure vessel inwards and through the targeted controllable exchange between the outer convection and the inner Konvezzysniklauf offers the ability to easily control the temperature difference in their intensity.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a vertical section through the central axis of a pressure vessel with a plan view of a convection sleeve to the loading space
  • Figure 2 shows a horizontal section through a Eindüsungsebene in the upper region of the loading space of the pressure vessel after
  • FIG. 1 showing the sectioning of FIG. 1
  • Figure 3 shows a further horizontal section through the
  • Figure 4 is a vertical section through the center axis of a pressure vessel with an internal temperature control by means of a
  • Circulation device shows a simplified embodiment of a pressure vessel with a convection sleeve and circulating device and Figure 6 shows another simplified embodiment of a pressure vessel with a large loading space and passive
  • the pressure vessel 1 shown in the figures has a loading area 19, which is usually located on the inside, and an insulation 8 arranged between the loading space 19 and the outer walls of the pressure vessel 1.
  • a convection sleeve 27 is arranged within the loading space 19.
  • An active heating with heated fluid or by means of heating elements is analogous to those skilled in the art, possibly with changes concerning the convection.
  • a load 18 is usually placed on a not visible here loading carrier plate or at Piece goods by means of a load carrier (not shown) placed on the load carrier plate.
  • the pressure vessel 1 has the closure caps 2 and 3 which can serve for loading and unloading of the pressure vessel 1, but will be regarded as belonging to the pressure vessel 1 for the purpose of simplifying the description.
  • the closure caps 2 and 3 which can serve for loading and unloading of the pressure vessel 1, but will be regarded as belonging to the pressure vessel 1 for the purpose of simplifying the description.
  • at least one nozzle 13 is arranged in the loading space 19 through which fluid 23, preferably at high speed, is flowed through to form a rotational flow 23.
  • the fluid may have a higher, a lower or an identical temperature than the fluid surrounding the nozzle 13. Due to the physical laws, cooler fluid is forced through the rotary flow 23 against the inner wall of the insulation 8 or against the inner wall of the convection sleeve 27.
  • a rotational flow 23 can be started by means of the nozzles 13, wherein the guide plates 31 are aligned upward for an upward pulse and thus the convection flow 23 in the convection gap 28 is directed upward and is forced. If injection is dispensed with, the fluid in the convection gap 28 would tend to assume a downward flow due to the colder insulation 8, with the guide plates 31 simultaneously providing an opposed rotational flow 23 shown in the drawing. This is the operator when installing nozzles 13 and corresponding baffles 31 gives any option to realize a rotational flow 23 in both directions, or even to reverse it during a tempering phase (cooling, heating).
  • the heated fluid would rise upwards in the interior of the convection sleeve. If a prior mixing of the heated fluid at sensitive loading 18 is desired, an upward flow in the convection gap 28 can be forced by the nozzles in addition to a simultaneous rotational flow 23, as shown. Thus, despite a heating by heating elements 4 below the load, the fluid would first enter the convection gap 28, there properly mixed by the rotational flow and then enter only in the loading space 19 within the convection sleeve 27.
  • the fluid is flowed horizontally to the central axis 26 of the pressure vessel 1 from at least one nozzle 13.
  • Optimal is a tangential Ausdüsung of the fluid to the central axis 26 of the pressure vessel 1.
  • Bottom space 22 is removed by means of a circulating device 5 and fed directly into the ascending line 12, or it can as shown in Figure 1 via an outlet 24 outside the pressure vessel 1 fed to a fluid cooler 10 and then fed via an inlet 25 into the conduit 12.
  • a circulating device 5 is removed by means of a circulating device 5 and fed directly into the ascending line 12, or it can as shown in Figure 1 via an outlet 24 outside the pressure vessel 1 fed to a fluid cooler 10 and then fed via an inlet 25 into the conduit 12.
  • an outer circulation circuit 20 can be established by means of natural convection in two mutually parallel annular gaps 9, 17, wherein the circulation circuit 20 is disposed completely outside the insulation 8.
  • the fluid of the outer circulation circuit 20 and the rotating fluid from the loading chamber 19 can exchange and mix with each other below the loading space by means of openings 14 in the insulation 8.
  • Hot gas from the rotary flow 23 can in this case pass through the openings 14 in the outer circulation circuit 20, where it is first mixed with the outer circulation flow and is further cooled by the circulation of the pressure vessel wall 1 and as cooled gas through the openings 14 back below the Loading space 19 can flow.
  • a guide device 30 is arranged above the loading space 19.
  • a similar guide device 30 may also be arranged below the loading space 19.
  • the nozzles 13 are arranged here within the convection sleeve 28.
  • This guide device 30 transfers the fluctuating between loading space 19 and convection gap 28 fluid flows during heating or cooling gently from or into the edge regions of the loading space 19.
  • there are useful advantages such as in a transfer of cold fluid from the convection 28th is prevented in the loading space 19 that the cold fluid uncontrollably falls into the means of the loading space 19 on the load 18, because it is close to the inside of the
  • Convection sleeve 27 enters the interior of the convection sleeve and is entrained by the rotational flow initiated there or even pressed by an active rotational flow in the loading chamber 19 to the inside of the convection sleeve 27.
  • Method of course, analogously applicable for heating or for holding a temperature, wherein the heating can take place conventionally with pure heating elements and / or additionally with heated fluid.
  • a targeted redistribution of the fluid from warm and / or cold areas of the pressure vessel is specifically conceivable by suction or promotion in the line 12 to the nozzle 13, even in the case of heating. It may be useful, for example, to provide two sets of nozzles / lines or switchable lines 12, which optionally cool the nozzle 13, supply hot or similar tempered areas of the pressure vessel 1.
  • the only optional guide device 30 at the upper end of the loading space 19 ensures better guidance or start of the convection flow.
  • the cooled at the loading 18 fluid within the convection sleeve 27 are transported to the outside in the direction of the heating elements 4, whereby the heat transfer from the heating elements 4 on Cooler fluid is promoted and the formation of a counterflow is avoided, since the heating of the fluid, the kinetic direction is maintained up ..
  • the kinetic direction is maintained up .
  • warm fluid accumulates in the vicinity of the load 18 and through the rotary flow 23 to a Mixing temperature is mixed.
  • the carrier frame for loading have corresponding baffles or loaded in the necessary manner to optimally temper all parts of the load (18) with the mixture of convection and rotational flow.
  • different means for active and / or passive promotion of the rotational flow can be set up for different applications, whereby the pressure vessel 1 can be optimally adapted to the respective technological application.
  • Loading space 19 can be achieved. For example, if hot gas flows from below by means of active heating elements 4 in the loading space 19, this is due to the buoyancy and the interposition of correspondingly shaped baffles 31 rise in a rotational manner upward and releases the heat to the load 18. The resulting in the course of heat radiator fluid particles are due to their higher density by the rotational movement and compared to the hotter fluid particles higher centrifugal forces flowed outside and thus reach outside of the loading space 19 to the inner wall of the insulation 8.
  • the formation of the active or passive means for producing a rotational flow in the pressure vessel 1 must be left to the application. In some cases, it may make sense that preferably in the loading space 19 of a pressure vessel 1, the rotational flow 23 has its highest speed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour réguler la température d'une presse isostatique à chaud et une presse isostatique à chaud, composée d'une enceinte sous pression (1) comprenant une chambre de charge (19) située à l'intérieur et une isolation (8) disposée entre l'enceinte sous pression (1) et la chambre de charge (19). Des éléments chauffants (4) et une chambre de charge (19) comprenant une charge (18) sont disposés à l'intérieur de l'isolation (8). Selon ledit procédé, en plus d'au moins un écoulement de convection naturel ou activé existant destiné à élever, baisser ou maintenir un niveau de température, au moins un écoulement rotationnel (23) est formé de manière active ou passive (1) à l'intérieur de l'enceinte sous pression (1). Une presse isostatique à chaud indépendante ou adaptée également à la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé se caractérise en ce que des moyens actifs et/ou passifs sont disposés dans l'enceinte sous pression (1) pour produire un écoulement rotationnel (23) sortant sensiblement obliquement par rapport à l'écoulement de convection.
EP09759678A 2008-11-23 2009-11-23 Procédé pour réguler la température d'une presse isostatique à chaud et presse isostatique à chaud Withdrawn EP2367677A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008058329A DE102008058329A1 (de) 2008-11-23 2008-11-23 Verfahren zur Temperierung einer Heiß Isostatischen Presse und eine Heiß Isostatische Presse
PCT/EP2009/008331 WO2010057670A1 (fr) 2008-11-23 2009-11-23 Procédé pour réguler la température d'une presse isostatique à chaud et presse isostatique à chaud

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2367677A1 true EP2367677A1 (fr) 2011-09-28

Family

ID=41719064

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09759678A Withdrawn EP2367677A1 (fr) 2008-11-23 2009-11-23 Procédé pour réguler la température d'une presse isostatique à chaud et presse isostatique à chaud

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20110283901A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2367677A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2012509192A (fr)
CN (1) CN102282010A (fr)
DE (1) DE102008058329A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2011125637A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010057670A1 (fr)

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CN109690694B (zh) * 2016-07-08 2023-11-17 萨尔瓦托雷·莫里卡 主动加热炉隔离腔室
RU2734855C1 (ru) * 2017-03-23 2020-10-23 Куинтус Текнолоджиз Аб Прессовое устройство
EP3441757B1 (fr) * 2017-08-10 2024-10-02 Mettler-Toledo GmbH Dispositif d'isolation de four
JP6891348B2 (ja) * 2018-02-05 2021-06-18 キンタス・テクノロジーズ・エービーＱｕｉｎｔｕｓ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ ＡＢ 物品を加工するための方法および物品の高圧処理のための方法
CN109234704A (zh) * 2018-11-27 2019-01-18 湖南顶立科技有限公司 一种气相沉积设备
CN109465451A (zh) * 2018-12-11 2019-03-15 四川航空工业川西机器有限责任公司 一种基于射流驱动的1800℃的快速冷却系统
WO2020151832A1 (fr) 2019-01-25 2020-07-30 Quintus Technologies Ab Procédé dans un arrangement de pressage
CN115091738B (zh) * 2022-06-16 2023-07-21 浙江启德新材料有限公司 一种透明pvc装饰膜加工装置及生产方法
CN117848047B (zh) * 2024-03-07 2024-05-07 山西科福能源科技有限公司 一种石墨制备用加压焙烧炉

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2011125637A (ru) 2012-12-27
DE102008058329A1 (de) 2010-05-27
US20110283901A1 (en) 2011-11-24
WO2010057670A1 (fr) 2010-05-27
JP2012509192A (ja) 2012-04-19
CN102282010A (zh) 2011-12-14

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