EP2363555B1 - Verriegelungs- und Entriegelungsvorrichtung mit verbesserter Verschlusssicherheit - Google Patents

Verriegelungs- und Entriegelungsvorrichtung mit verbesserter Verschlusssicherheit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2363555B1
EP2363555B1 EP20110156804 EP11156804A EP2363555B1 EP 2363555 B1 EP2363555 B1 EP 2363555B1 EP 20110156804 EP20110156804 EP 20110156804 EP 11156804 A EP11156804 A EP 11156804A EP 2363555 B1 EP2363555 B1 EP 2363555B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
locking
fact
key
protruding
bolt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20110156804
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2363555A1 (de
Inventor
Claude Geoffrin
Jean Lang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fonderies de Brousseval et Montreuil SA
Original Assignee
Fonderies de Brousseval et Montreuil SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2363555A1 publication Critical patent/EP2363555A1/de
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Publication of EP2363555B1 publication Critical patent/EP2363555B1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B65/00—Locks or fastenings for special use
    • E05B65/006—Locks or fastenings for special use for covers or panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/12—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
    • E02D29/14—Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/12—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
    • E02D29/14—Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
    • E02D29/1427—Locking devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
    • E05B15/06—Lock wards
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B35/00—Locks for use with special keys or a plurality of keys ; keys therefor
    • E05B35/008—Locks for use with special keys or a plurality of keys ; keys therefor for simple tool-like keys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05C—BOLTS OR FASTENING DEVICES FOR WINGS, SPECIALLY FOR DOORS OR WINDOWS
    • E05C1/00—Fastening devices with bolts moving rectilinearly
    • E05C1/08—Fastening devices with bolts moving rectilinearly with latching action
    • E05C1/12—Fastening devices with bolts moving rectilinearly with latching action with operating handle or equivalent member moving otherwise than rigidly with the latch
    • E05C1/16—Fastening devices with bolts moving rectilinearly with latching action with operating handle or equivalent member moving otherwise than rigidly with the latch the handle or member moving essentially in a plane substantially parallel to the wing or frame

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved tamper-evident locking / unlocking device for openwork casting parts. More particularly, the invention relates to an interlocking / unlocking device with automatic locking and secure lock actuated with a removable security key in which the keyhole is partially bordered on the underside by a projecting edge serving as both a guide to the key bit, keying and anti-theft protection.
  • this type of locking / unlocking device can be easily actuated opening from the inside of the manhole, by maneuvering for example a movable part located on the underside of the buffer.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the inviolability of existing locking / unlocking devices for cast iron coverings (buffers, manholes, hatches, etc.) used in various applications such as, for example, sanitation, storm basins, dry network, etc.
  • Existing locking / unlocking devices intended to provide improved tamper resistance include those disclosed by patent applications FR n ° 2376919 on behalf of DUMORTIER and U.S. Patent No. 5564860 in the name of MAX AMANN.
  • NORINCO devices do not allow the introduction of an explosimeter probe through the opening, as is sometimes required before lifting a protection plate and any act of unlocking to control the nature and the concentration the gas rate inside the room below.
  • the device according to the invention is usually intended for open-ended casting parts having a passage opening opening for a key, this passage opening being non-recessed and having in its central part an open through volume. allowing the possible introduction of an explosimeter probe or any other device, such as for example a cable, an optical fiber network, a miniature vision device, or a mini-camera.
  • the sliding bolt of the locking / unlocking device of the invention is generally provided to engage in a strike reported on the buffer frame or in any other similar means ensuring the locking of the buffer.
  • the locking / unlocking device of the invention has no means accessible from the top of the opening, so it is not fracturable from the outside.
  • the protruding edge serving as a guide for the key also protects the access to the actuating element protruding from the sliding bolt, thus preventing the opening of the device by a tool other than the security key of the key. device according to the invention.
  • This projecting edge also obscures the actuating element protruding from the sliding bolt so that the latter is not visible from the outside, which further enhances its inviolability.
  • the projecting edge prevents the bit of the key from passing when the key is rotated in the wrong direction, and therefore has a free portion provided to let the bit key bit only when turned in the right direction. It thus fulfills the advantageous role of deceptive.
  • the slidably mounted bolt can be easily actuated opening from its underside, for example by manually actuating the projecting actuating element, which allows anyone inadvertently locked easily open the opening.
  • the elastic return means forcing the sliding bolt is preferably of the spring-loaded push-button type which avoids unlocking by vibration when passing vehicles and furthermore allows precise adjustment of the force to be applied when the bolt is opened.
  • the key itself has an advantageous ergonomics and is of a design designed to use it as a handle or hang on the belt to keep it quickly and easily available.
  • the locking / unlocking device 1 of the invention is preferably intended to be mounted on the lower face 2 of a casting 3, for example.
  • a buffer 4 view of the floor, removable or pivoting opening said locking / unlocking device 1 being also provided to be actuated by a removable key 5 locking / unlocking.
  • the casting part 3 may be a buffer 4 of manhole or the like whose opening 6 is mounted removable or pivoting on a fixed frame 7 in the form of a frame to be sealed for example on the edge of a look of a hatch access in a roadway, yard or the like.
  • the casting part 3 has a through opening opening 8 for a key, for example in the conventional form of a circular orifice 9 extended radially by an oblong 10.
  • This passage opening 8 is non-recessed and has in its central part a open through volume allowing the possible introduction of a probe or other.
  • the locking / unlocking device 1 with improved tamper resistance comprises a bolt 11 slidably mounted in a housing 12, an elastic return means 13, a removable security key 5 and a projecting rim 14 secured to the underside 2 of the opening 6 of the casting part 3.
  • the sliding bolt 11 is slidably mounted in a housing 12 between a locking position and an unlocking position of the sash 6.
  • the sliding bolt 11 is cast iron and its position of locking corresponds to an output position of it.
  • the sliding bolt 11 is preferably in the form of a conventional bolt cast iron, that is to say in the form of a parallelepiped whose front end portion is tapered. It may also have one or more sliding guide elements 15 and at least one actuating element 16.
  • the guide elements 15 are preferably projecting and can be slidably accommodated in a guide oblong 17 provided in the housing 12. They serve to guide the bolt 11 during its sliding lock or unlock.
  • Each actuating element 16 serves to slide the bolt 11 in the locked or unlocked position when it is stressed.
  • the sliding bolt 11 in its rear end portion 18, the sliding bolt 11 has a longitudinal guide rod 19 and a lateral actuation extension. 20 ( figure 5 ).
  • the sliding bolt 11 further comprises an actuating element 16 projecting which slides the bolt 11 between a locking position and an unlocking position when actuated.
  • the projecting actuating element 16 is a nipple 21 made of stainless steel ( figure 4 ) which is welded or mounted by screwing or stamping on the sliding bolt 11, for example at its lateral extension of actuation 20.
  • This actuating pin 21 passes through an oblong 22 provided in the housing 12 to be actuated manually or by the bit 41 of the key 5.
  • the actuating stud 21 projecting also acts as a guide element 15 for the bolt 11 and prevents the total extraction of the bolt 11 from its housing 12.
  • the housing 12 preferably has guide flanks 23 for the bolt 11 and an opening 24 through which the bolt 11 slides between a locking position and an unlocking position.
  • the housing 12 in which the sliding bolt 11 is mounted may have various orifices 25 intended to be traversed by the sliding guide element or elements 15 and the actuating element or elements 16 of the bolt 11.
  • the housing 12 has an orifice 26 provided to be traversed by the guide rod 19 of the bolt 11 and an oblong 22 provided to be traversed by the actuating pin 21 projecting from the bolt 11.
  • This housing 12 is secured to the underside 2 of the opening 6, namely fixed to or made in one piece with the underside 2 of the opening 6.
  • the elastic return means 13 forces the sliding bolt 11 in its locking position.
  • it is a spring 27 made of stainless steel ( figure 6 ) housed in the housing 12 between a bottom wall 28 thereof and the rear end portion 18 of the bolt 11 to push the bolt 11 outward, in its extended position.
  • the spring 27 may advantageously be mounted freely sliding around it.
  • the removable security key 5 has a rod 29 and a bit 41 located at the free end 30 of the rod 29. It is designed to be introduced through the passage opening 8 for the key of the opening 6 so that after rotation thereof, the bit 41 pushes the actuating element 16 protruding from the sliding bolt 11 and thus moves the bolt 11 slidably mounted in its unlocked position.
  • the bit 41 of the removable security key 5 has a groove 31 provided to bear on the projecting edge 14 so that the removable security key 5 is guided by the projecting edge 14 during its rotation for the purpose of moving the sliding bolt 11 in its unlocking position.
  • the groove 31 of the bit 41 preferably has a shape substantially complementary to that of the sectional profile of the projecting edge 14.
  • the removable security key 5 comprises a handling handle 32 mounted on its rod 29 opposite the blade 41.
  • the key 5 can then act as a handle for manipulating the buffer 4 opening or closing.
  • the key 5 may also include a support ring 33 on the rod 29, which is provided to abut on the outer periphery 34 of the 8 key passage hole when the key 5 is inserted into this hole.
  • the position of this support ring 33 on the rod 29 is provided so that in the abutment position of the bearing ring 33 against the outer face 35 of the opening 6, the bit 41 of the key 5 arrives substantially at the same height as the actuating element 16 of the bolt 11.
  • the projecting rim 14 is secured to the underside 2 of the sash 6, namely fixed to or made in one piece with the underside 2 of the sash 6.
  • the projecting rim 14 partially borders the key passage 8, at least on the side of the key passage 8 located closest to the actuating element 16 projecting from the sliding bolt 11. It has a free portion intended to leave pass the bit 41 of the key 5 when it is turned in the right direction.
  • the projecting edge 14 has a sectional profile of substantially square, rectangular or trapezoidal shape, for example with a thickness between 2 mm and 10 mm, and more preferably between 4 mm and 6 mm. It is assigned a general shape question mark or stick whose straight portion 36 borders the rectilinear portion 37 on one side of the keyway 8 for key when it is in the conventional form of a circular orifice 9 extended radially by an oblong 10.
  • the mounting of the locking / unlocking device 1 with enhanced tamper resistance of the invention is extremely simple and does not require the use of any particular tool. He is represented on the figure 7 for its preferred embodiment, wherein the housing 12 is in one piece with the opening 6 of the casting part 3. It will be recalled however that this housing 12, which has for example the projecting edge 14, can also be secured against the underside 2 of the opening 6, by screwing, welding or any other technique.
  • the resilient biasing means 13 pushes the bolt 11 outwards, it is first introduced at the bottom of the housing 12, then it is the turn of the bolt 11 to be introduced. The bolt 11 and the elastic return means 13 are introduced into the housing 12 through the opening 24 provided therein, through which the bolt 11 slides once the locking / unlocking device 1 assembled. Any means can then be provided so that the bolt 11 can not be fully extracted from its housing.
  • the elastic return means 13 is a spring 27 which is slidably mounted on the longitudinal guide rod 19 provided at the rear of the bolt 11 before the introduction of the assembly into The housing 12.
  • a stainless steel pin 21 is then introduced through an oblong 22 provided in the housing 12, then mounted projecting by screwing or stamping on the sliding bolt 11, at its lateral actuation extension 20 which presents for this purpose a port 38 which can be threaded.
  • this actuating pin 21 then fulfills both the role of a manual or mechanical actuating element 16 for the key 5 and a guide element 15 for the bolt 11. and prevents the total extraction of the bolt 11 from its housing 12.
  • the bolt 11 in its rest position, the bolt 11 is positioned in the housing 12 so that its tapered portion 39 is slightly projecting out of the housing 12.
  • the tapered portion 39 of the bolt 11 serves as a sliding ramp for the bolt 11 against the edge of the fixed frame 7 in the form of a frame of the casting piece 3, for that the bolt 11 is forced back into its housing 12 before returning to its locking position when the opening 6 of the casting part 3 is in the closed position, the way you slam a door.
  • the locking / unlocking device 1 of the invention is automatically locking.
  • the use of the locking / unlocking device 1 according to the preferred embodiment of the invention of the invention is extremely simple.
  • the removable security key 5 When the opening 6 of the casting part 3 is closed and locked ( figure 8 ), the removable security key 5 must first be introduced into the keyway 8 of the key ( figure 9 ) until its support ring 33 comes into abutment on the outer periphery 39 of the key passage opening 8.
  • the bit 41 of the key 5 is then in lateral abutment on one side against the inner flank 40 of the projecting rim 14.
  • This keying effect prevents turning the key 5 in the wrong direction, the correct direction of rotation being here , for the user, the clockwise direction (counterclockwise on the Figures 8 to 13 because seen from the other side).
  • Key 5 is then rotated clockwise ( figure 10 ) until the bit 41 comes into abutment against the actuating pin 21 of the bolt 11 ( figure 11 ). Continuing to turn the key 5, the bit 41 of the latter actuates the actuating stud 21 of the bolt 11, which moves the bolt 11 to the unlocking position ( figure 12 ). Once the bolt 11 in the unlocking position ( figure 13 ), the opening 6 can be opened, for example by using the handle 32 of the key 5 as a handling handle.
  • the closure of the buffer 4 can then be done in two ways. Either by performing the preceding steps in the reverse order, or by removing the key 5 after turning it counterclockwise to release it and letting the opening 6 by its own weight, the latter being then locked by the automatic locking effect of the device 1 of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Verriegelungs- / Entriegelungsvorrichtung (1) mit verbesserter Unverletzlichkeit für ein Gussstück (3) mit einer Öffnung (6), die eine für einen Schlüssel mündende Durchgangsöffnung (8) aufweist, wobei die genannte Vorrichtung die folgenden Mittel umfasst:
    - einen gleitend in einer Aufnahme (12) zwischen einer Verriegelungsposition und einer Entriegelungsposition der Öffnung montierten Riegel (11), wobei der genannte Riegel (11) ein hervorstehendes Betätigungselement (16) umfasst und die genannte Aufnahme (12) an der unteren Seite (2) der Öffnung (6) befestigt oder aus einem einzigen Stück mit ihr realisiert ist;
    - ein elastisches Rückholmittel (13), das den gleitenden Riegel (11) in seine Verriegelungsposition zwingt;
    - einen abnehmbaren Sicherheitsschlüssel (5), der einen Stift (29) und einen Schlüsselbart (41) aufweist, der sich am freien Ende (30) des Stiftes (29) befindet, wobei dieser Sicherheitsschlüssel (5) vorgesehen ist, um durch die Durchgangsöffnung (8) für den Schlüssel der Öffnung (6) derart eingeführt zu werden, dass nach der Drehung desselben der Riegel (41) das hervorstehende Betätigungselement (16) des gleitenden Riegels (11) schiebt und den Riegel (11) in seine Verriegelungsposition verschiebt;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen hervorstehenden Rand (14) umfasst, der an der unteren Seite (2) der Öffnung (6) befestigt ist oder aus einem einzigen Stück mit ihr realisiert ist, wobei dieser hervorstehende Rand (14) teilweise den Durchgang (9) für den Schlüssel wenigstens an der Seite des aus dem gleitenden Riegel (11) hervorstehenden Betätigungselement (16) einfasst und deutlich als Fragezeichen oder als Griff ausgebildet ist, dessen rechteckiger Teil (36) den rechteckigen Teil (37) einer Seite der Durchgangsöffnung (8) für den Schlüssel einfasst, wenn dieser sich in der klassischen Form einer kreisförmigen Öffnung (9) darstellt, die radial durch ein Langloch (10) verlängert wird, und dass der Schlüsselbart (41) des abnehmbaren Sicherheitsschlüssels (5) eine Auskehlung (31) aufweist, die vorgesehen ist, um auf dem hervorstehenden Rand (14) zum Tragen zu kommen, um den abnehmbaren Sicherheitsschlüssel (5) durch den hervorstehenden Rand (14) bei seiner Drehung zwecks der Verschiebung des gleitenden Riegels (11) in seiner Entriegelungsposition zu führen.
  2. Verriegelungs- / Entriegelungsvorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der hervorstehende Rand (14) ein Profil in quadratischer, rechteckiger oder trapezartiger Form hat.
  3. Verriegelungs- / Entriegelungsvorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der hervorstehende Rand (14) eine zwischen 2 mm und 10 mm inbegriffene und noch mehr bevorzugt zwischen 4 mm und 6 mm inbegriffene Dicke aufweist.
  4. Verriegelungs- / Entriegelungsvorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der hervorstehende Rand (14) sich auf der Aufnahme (12) befindet.
  5. Verriegelungs- / Entriegelungsvorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auskehlung (31) des Schlüsselbartes (41) des abnehmbaren Sicherheitsschlüssels (5) eine komplementäre Form zu der des Querschnittsprofils des hervorstehenden Randes (14) aufweist.
  6. Verriegelungs- / Entriegelungsvorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verriegelungsposition des Riegels (11) einer Ausgangsposition desselben entspricht und dass das elastische Rückholmittel (13) den gleitenden Riegel (11) in die Ausgangsposition schiebt.
  7. Verriegelungs- / Entriegelungsvorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das elastische Rückholmittel (13) in der Aufnahme (12) untergebracht ist.
  8. Verriegelungs- / Entriegelungsvorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das elastische Rückholmittel (13) eine Feder (27) ist.
  9. Verriegelungs- / Entriegelungsvorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das hervorstehende Betätigungselement (16) ein Ansatz (21) ist, der per Verschraubung oder Tiefziehen auf dem gleitenden Riegel (11) verschweißt oder montiert ist.
  10. Verriegelungs- / Entriegelungsvorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aufnahme (12) wenigstens ein Führungslangloch (17) aufweist, dass der gleitende Riegel (11) wenigstens ein hervorstehendes Führungselement (15) umfasst und dass wenigstens ein hervorstehendes Führungselement (15) gleitend in einem Führungslangloch (17) untergebracht ist, das in der Aufnahme (12) vorgesehen ist.
  11. Verriegelungs- / Entriegelungsvorrichtung gemäß dem vorherigen Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein hervorstehendes Führungselement (15) durch das hervorstehende Betätigungselement (16) gebildet ist.
  12. Verriegelungs- / Entriegelungselement gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der abnehmbare Sicherheitsschlüssel (5) einen Betätigungsgriff (32) umfasst, der auf seinem Stift (29) gegenüber dem Schlüsselbart (41) angebracht ist.
EP20110156804 2010-03-03 2011-03-03 Verriegelungs- und Entriegelungsvorrichtung mit verbesserter Verschlusssicherheit Active EP2363555B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1000861A FR2957109A1 (fr) 2010-03-03 2010-03-03 Dispositif de verrouillage/deverrouillage a inviolabilite amelioree et sa cle pour tampon et piece de fonderie a ouvrant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2363555A1 EP2363555A1 (de) 2011-09-07
EP2363555B1 true EP2363555B1 (de) 2013-05-08

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EP20110156804 Active EP2363555B1 (de) 2010-03-03 2011-03-03 Verriegelungs- und Entriegelungsvorrichtung mit verbesserter Verschlusssicherheit

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FR (1) FR2957109A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3016652B1 (fr) * 2014-01-21 2016-02-05 Prod Ind Lorrains Dispositif de verrouillage et deverrouillage inviolable a clef amovible pour ouvrant
FR3025231B1 (fr) * 2014-08-28 2016-11-04 Fond De Brousseval & Montreuil Systeme de montage d'accessoires pour piece de fonderie
IT202100010874A1 (it) * 2021-04-29 2022-10-29 Fond Belli S R L Gruppo chiave/serratura di un chiusino stradale
US11761165B1 (en) * 2023-02-27 2023-09-19 David M. Stadler Manhole cover

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE377164C (de) * 1921-05-25 1923-06-11 Herkos Werk Sicherheitsschloss
FR2376919A1 (fr) * 1977-01-05 1978-08-04 Dumortier Robert Dispositif de verrouillage pour tampon de regard de chaussee ou autre
JPS583887Y2 (ja) * 1979-12-28 1983-01-22 建設省関東地方建設局長 共同溝等換気孔蓋錠
EP0674056A1 (de) 1994-03-22 1995-09-27 Poly-Bauelemente AG Vorrichtung zum Verriegeln einer Rinnenabdeckung auf einer Entwässerungsrinne
FR2780996B1 (fr) 1998-07-10 2000-08-11 Norinco Dispositif de verrouillage et deverrouillage avec cle d'un tampon sur un cadre
FR2869053B1 (fr) 2004-04-15 2006-07-14 Norinco Sa Dispositif de verrouillage et deverouillage avec cle d'un tampon sur un cadre
NL1034000C2 (nl) * 2006-10-10 2008-04-14 Tbs Soest B V Afsluitinrichting en werkwijze voor het afsluiten van een gat in de bodem.

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FR2957109A1 (fr) 2011-09-09

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