EP2362711B1 - Fehlererkennung von LEDs - Google Patents

Fehlererkennung von LEDs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2362711B1
EP2362711B1 EP10154657A EP10154657A EP2362711B1 EP 2362711 B1 EP2362711 B1 EP 2362711B1 EP 10154657 A EP10154657 A EP 10154657A EP 10154657 A EP10154657 A EP 10154657A EP 2362711 B1 EP2362711 B1 EP 2362711B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
leg
electrical circuit
voltage
comparator
leds
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EP10154657A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2362711A1 (de
Inventor
Heinz Telefont
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Thales Austria GmbH
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Thales Rail Signalling Solutions GmbH
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Priority to SI201030077T priority Critical patent/SI2362711T1/sl
Priority to EP10154657A priority patent/EP2362711B1/de
Publication of EP2362711A1 publication Critical patent/EP2362711A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/50—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
    • H05B45/52—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits in a parallel array of LEDs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical circuit for powering a plurality of LEDs, with a function for indicating an LED failure, wherein the electrical circuit comprises N legs connected in parallel, with N ⁇ 2, and with each leg comprising several LEDs and a leg resistor connected in series with the LEDs, wherein the leg resistors of the legs have basically the same resistance, and wherein the resistance of each leg is basically the same during normal operation.
  • Such an electrical circuit is known from FR 2 845 559 A .
  • LEDs Light emitting diodes
  • SVS Light emitting diodes
  • LEDs are widely used in railway signalling and traffic signalling. LEDs are appreciated for their high efficiency and high reliability here. However, long term use may lead a failure of an LED. A corrupted LED should be replaced quickly, in order to avoid an impairment of the railway or traffic signalling device in which it is used.
  • the known electrical circuits are dedicated to a particular arrangement of LEDs, namely a single LED array, what limits - at a given operating voltage - the number of LEDs which can be monitored. Further, the known electrical circuits are relatively complex.
  • a method for supervising an electrical contact is also known from EP 1 453 072 B1 .
  • FR 2 845 559 A describes an electrical circuit for powering a vehicle lamp comprising several LED units, each comprising some LEDs connected in series, and each connected in series with a resistor. The voltages at the resistors are fed into a detector. If the detector recognizes an abnormal condition, a regulator cuts down the voltage at the LED units.
  • DE 199 29 430 A1 describes an LED rear light, with two LED groups connected in series with a resistor each. The voltages across the resistors are fed into a common operational amplifier connected to a threshold switch, which in turn powers a diagnosis LED and is connected to a potential free contact for external diagnosis.
  • an electrical circuit as introduced in the beginning, characterized in that that the legs are connected to a common shunt resistor, that the electrical circuit comprises an amplifier unit amplifying a voltage at the shunt resistor with an amplification factor AF into an amplified voltage, that the electrical circuit comprises a comparator unit for each leg, wherein the comparator units each comprise a comparator which compares the voltage at the respective leg resistor with the amplified voltage, that the amplification factor AF is chosen such that during normal operation, the voltage at the leg resistors and the amplified voltage deviate slightly, and that the outputs of the comparator units are connected at a common signal output unit.
  • the LEDs are distributed over a plurality of N legs, allowing a larger number of monitored (and powered) LEDs at a given operating voltage.
  • the legs may also be referred to as strings.
  • the current through each leg is indicated as a leg voltage.
  • Each leg voltage is compared with an internal reference voltage, namely an amplified voltage originating from an amplifier unit connected to a common shunt resistor of the legs, by means of a comparator unit.
  • the invention makes use of the shift of (relative) currents between the legs connected in parallel upon an LED failure. Such a shift will occur no matter what the failure type is (short-circuit or highly resistive connection).
  • the uniform legs are monitored by the uniform leg resistors and uniform comparator units, what leads to uniform comparator unit output signals during normal operation. In case of an LED failure, then the shift of the relative currents leads to dissenting comparator unit output signals, which is used as a failure indication at the common signal output unit.
  • the amplification factor AF is chosen such that during normal operation, the voltage at the leg resistors and the amplified voltage deviate slightly.
  • the deviation of the voltages establishes a failure detection threshold.
  • the deviation is chosen small enough such that the voltage shifts at the leg resistors and the shunt resistor in case of the failure of a single LED results in a voltage shift larger than the threshold at at least one of the comparators.
  • the deviation is chosen high enough such that small differences in the resistance of the leg resistors or (more generally) the normally functioning legs (e.g. due to fabrication tolerances), and thus small differences in the voltages at the leg resistors, do not result in a switched comparator.
  • the signal output unit typically provides a binary signal, with one state indicating no LED failure, and one state indicating that at least one LED is corrupted. If necessary, the signal output unit may include a logic device. The signal output unit may be operated with a separate voltage source as compared to the voltage source powering the LEDs in order to have a potential-free signal output.
  • the inventive electrical circuit is particularly suited for small LED currents, such as LED currents of 10 mA or less. Typically, all LEDs of a leg are connected in series.
  • the invention may be applied in railway security applications, in particular in railway signals, and in traffic signals.
  • the amplification factor AF is chosen such that during normal operation, the voltage at the leg resistors and the amplified voltage deviate about 10% or less.
  • the comparator units are designed such that
  • the comparators are of open collector output type. This is a simple way to provide an earth potential in the switched condition.
  • the comparators are of push pull output type, and the outputs of the comparators are connected to the basis or gate of a comparator unit transistor.
  • the earth potential can be provided by the comparator unit transistor in a conductive state.
  • the common signal output unit comprises an optocoupler.
  • the optocoupler allows a separation of the potentials of the LED power supply and at a signal output of the signal output unit ("potential-free" LED failure indication).
  • an LED input of the optocoupler is connected to a voltage supply and to the outputs of the comparator units, and that a signal output of the signal output unit is connected both to a voltage supply and to a transistor input of the optocoupler.
  • the outputs of the comparator unit may, in the LED failure case, ground the voltage supply at the optocoupler's LED input and thus depower the optocoupler's LED, so that the optocoupler transistor becomes resistive. Accordingly, the signal output is powered by the connected voltage supply (which is not grounded via the optocoupler's transistor). Thus, a potential-free signal at the signal output can be provided in the failure case.
  • each leg comprises the same number of LEDs, with the same type of LEDs in all legs, and with the LEDs of each leg arranged in series.
  • This design is simple results in a very similar behaviour of the legs, simplifying the identification of LED failures.
  • the number N of legs ranges from 2 to 6, and the number of LEDs in a leg ranges from 4 to 24.
  • the relative shift of currents between the legs upon an LED failure is, in general, higher for less legs and higher for less LEDs per leg.
  • the LED failures can still be well distinguished from fabrication tolerances, and thus the invention works particularly fine.
  • the resistance RS of the shunt resistor is 1/N times the resistance RL of a leg resistor, and the amplification factor AF is slightly below or slightly above 2.
  • This design can easily be adapted for an arbitrary number of legs, without significant calculation efforts.
  • the relatively low resistance of the shunt resistor as compared to the resistance of the leg resistor causes relatively high shifts in the currents of the legs in case of an LED failure.
  • the electrical circuit comprises at least two shunt subcircuits, wherein each shunt subcircuit comprises
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of an inventive electrical circuit 1.
  • the electrical circuit 1 comprises a main voltage supply 2 providing an operating voltage (see check mark A).
  • the voltage supply 2 powers via a series resistor RV two legs 3, 4, each comprising an array of (here) six LEDs and a leg resistor R1, R2 (see check mark B for the voltage supplied to the legs 3, 4). All LEDs are of the same type here, and the two leg resistors R1, R2 have the same resistance RL, such that the current I is divided equally between the two legs 3, 4 into currents J, K.
  • the two currents J, K are led into a common shunt resistor R3 (with resistance RS), which is connected with earth.
  • RS is 1/2*RL.
  • an amplification factor AF here slightly below 2
  • comparator units 6, 7 (here comprising only a comparator 6a, 7a, also marked with IC1 and IC2, with an open collector output each), the voltages ("leg voltages") at the leg resistors R1, R2 (see check marks C, D) are compared with the amplified voltage (see check mark E) of the amplification unit 5. Since the amplification factor AF is slightly below 2, the voltage at check marks C, D (i.e. at the non-inverting inputs of the comparators 6a, 7a) is slightly larger than at check mark E (i.e. at the inverting inputs of the comparators 6a, 7a) during normal operation. This deviation (or defined comparator offset voltage) represents a switching threshold for the failure detection in the electrical circuit 1.
  • an LED input 8 (see check mark F) of an optocoupler OK1 is powered by a voltage supply V1 via a series resistor R6.
  • the optocoupler OK1 has a bright LED then, and the transistor of the optocoupler OK1 is conductive.
  • the voltage of a voltage supply V2 supplied via a resistor R7 at a signal output 9 is grounded via the transistor input 11, and the signal output 9 (see check mark G) of the signal output unit 10 is at a "low" signal.
  • any one of the comparator units 6, 7 may switch the failure indication signal at signal output 9 to "low” by connecting its output 6b, 7b to earth, thus realizing inherently an “or” logic.
  • Figs. 2a , 2b and 2c illustrate simulated measurement protocols of currents I, J, K and voltages at check marks A, B, C, D, E, F G of the electrical circuit 1 of Fig. 1 for the three situations described above, i.e. normal operation, a short circuited LED in leg 3, and a highly resistive LED (1 MOhm) in leg 3.
  • the operating voltage at voltage supply 2 was ramped over in total 400 ms (see right hand axis).
  • the scale/division-factor of the different channels A - G (along the upward axis) in the figures are A: 40V, B: 30V, I: 200mA, J: 200mA, K: 200mA, C: 5V; D: 5V, E: 5V, F: 5V, G: 20V.
  • the current and voltage values at the 250ms-point are also included in the figures.
  • the voltage at check point F stays basically at earth potential, and the failure indication signal at G stays high. This is because the voltage at D (1.67V at the 250ms-point) has dropped below the voltage at E (2.15V at the 250ms-point), and the corresponding comparator unit 7 grounds the voltage at F.
  • the voltage at check point F stays basically at earth potential, and the failure indication signal at G stays high also in case of an LED becoming highly resistive in leg 3 ( Fig. 2c ). In this case, however, the voltage at C (0.84V at the 250ms-point) drops below the voltage at E (1.60V at the 250ms-point), and the corresponding comparator unit 6 grounds the voltage at F.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a second embodiment of an inventive electrical circuit 1, similar to the one shown in Fig. 1 . Therefore, only the differences are explained.
  • the comparator unit 6 (and analogue comparator unit 7, not explained in detail) comprises a comparator 6a of push-pull output type with a supply voltage +VC/-VC of +15V/-15V.
  • the comparator output is connected to the base of a comparator unit transistor 13 of npn type, the emitter of which is connected to earth.
  • the connection includes a diode 14 and a current limiting resistor R7, limiting the base-emitter voltage (here) to about -0.6V.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a third embodiment of an inventive electrical circuit 1 (only the differences of which as compared to Fig. 1 are explained) which grants the possibility to monitor an in principle unlimited number of LEDs.
  • each shunt subcircuit 15, 16 is connected to the same signal output unit 10.
  • the failure detection is realized as described in Fig. 1 .
  • currents within each of (here) two legs are compared to a current across a shunt resistor after an amplification, and comparator units 6, 7, 17, 18 switch their outputs 6b, 7b, 17b, 18b to earth potential in case of a detected failure.
  • the comparator units 6, 7, 17, 18 have a comparator 6a, 7a, 17a, 18a of push pull output type, and are connected to a comparator unit transistor 13 each, here of N-MOSFET type.

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Claims (12)

  1. Elektrischer Schaltkreis (1) zur Versorgung einer Mehrzahl von LEDs mit Energie, mit einer Funktion zum Anzeigen eines LED-Ausfalls,
    wobei der elektrische Schaltkreis (1) N parallel geschaltete Zweige (3, 4) aufweist, wobei N≥2, und wobei jeder Zweig (3, 4) mehrere LEDs und einen Zweigwiderstand (R1, R2) aufweist, der in Reihe mit den LEDs geschaltet ist,
    wobei die Zweigwiderstände (R1, R2) der Zweige (3, 4) im Wesentlichen denselben Widerstand haben und wobei der Widerstand jedes Zweigs (3, 4) während des Normalbetriebs im Wesentlichen gleich ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Zweige (3, 4) mit einem gemeinsamen Nebenschlusswiderstand (R3) verbunden sind,
    dass der elektrische Schaltkreis (1) eine Verstärkereinheit (5) aufweist, die eine Spannung an dem Nebenschlusswiderstand (R3) mit einem Verstärkungsfaktor AF in eine verstärkte Spannung verstärkt,
    dass der elektrische Schaltkreis (1) eine Komparatoreinheit (6, 7, 17, 18) für jeden Zweig (3, 4) aufweist, wobei die Komparatoreinheiten (6, 7, 17, 18) jeweils einen Komparator (6a, 7a, 17a, 18a) aufweisen, welcher die Spannung an dem jeweiligen Zweigwiderstand (R1, R2) mit der verstärkten Spannung vergleicht,
    dass der Verstärkungsfaktor AF so gewählt ist, dass während des Normalbetriebs die Spannung an den Zweigwiderständen (R1, R2) und die verstärkte Spannung leicht voneinander abweichen,
    und dass die Ausgänge (6b, 7b, 17b, 18b) der Komparatoreinheiten (6, 7, 17, 18) an einer gemeinsamen Signal-Ausgangseinheit (10) verbunden sind.
  2. Elektrischer Schaltkreis (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verstärkungsfaktor AF so gewählt ist, dass während des Normalbetriebs die Spannung an den Zweigwiderständen (R1, R2) und die verstärkte Spannung um ca. 10% oder weniger voneinander abweichen.
  3. Elektrischer Schaltkreis (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Komparatoreinheiten (6, 7, 17, 18) so ausgebildet sind, dass
    - während des Normalbetriebs alle Ausgänge (6b, 7b, 17b, 18b) der Komparatoreinheiten (6, 7, 17, 18) mit einem erdfreien Potential verbunden sind und
    - der Ausgang (6b, 7b, 17b, 18b) einer Komparatoreinheit (6, 7, 17, 18), deren Komparator (6a, 7a, 17a, 18a) im Vergleich zu seinem Zustand während des Normalbetriebs in einem umgeschalteten Zustand ist, mit der Erde verbunden ist.
  4. Elektrischer Schaltkreis (1) nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Komparatoren (6a, 7a, 17a, 18a) von der Art "offener Kollektor-Ausgang" sind.
  5. Elektrischer Schaltkreis nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Komparatoren (6a, 7a, 17a, 18a) von der Art "Gegentaktausgang" sind und die Ausgänge (6b, 7b, 17b, 18b) der Komparatoren (6a, 7a, 17a, 18a) mit der Basis oder dem Gatter eines Komparatoreinheit-Transistors (13) verbunden sind.
  6. Elektrischer Schaltkreis (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die gemeinsame Signalausgangseinheit (10) einen Optokoppler (OK1) aufweist.
  7. Elektrischer Schaltkreis (1) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein LED-Eingang (8) des Optokopplers (OK1) mit einer Spannungsversorgung (V1) und mit den Ausgängen (6b, 7b, 17b, 18b) der Komparatoreinheiten (6, 7, 17, 18) verbunden ist, und dass ein Signalausgang (9) der Signalausgangseinheit (10) sowohl mit der Spannungsversorgung (V2) als auch mit dem Transistoreingang (11) des Optokopplers (OK1) verbunden ist.
  8. Elektrischer Schaltkreis (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Zweig (3, 4) dieselbe Anzahl von LEDs aufweist, wobei in allen Zweigen (3, 4) dieselbe Art von LEDs vorgesehen ist und die LEDs jedes Zweigs (3, 4) in Reihe angeordnet sind.
  9. Elektrischer Schaltkreis (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anzahl N von Zweigen (3, 4) 2 bis 6 beträgt und die Anzahl von LEDs in einem Zweig (3, 4) 4 bis 24 beträgt.
  10. Elektrischer Schaltkreis (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Widerstand RS des Nebenschlusswiderstands (R3) 1/N mal so groß ist wie der Widerstand RL eines Zweigwiderstands (R1, R2) und dass der Verstärkungsfaktor AF geringfügig weniger oder geringfügig mehr als 2 beträgt.
  11. Elektrischer Schaltkreis (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine zusätzliche Komparatoreinheit pro Zweig (3, 4), eine zusätzliche Verstärkereinheit für den Nebenschlusswiderstand (R3) und eine zusätzliche gemeinsame Signalausgangseinheit (10) für die zusätzlichen Komparatoreinheiten vorgesehen sind und somit die eine Zweikanal-LED-Ausfalldetektion eingerichtet ist.
  12. Elektrischer Schaltkreis (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass der elektrische Schaltkreis (1) mindestens zwei Nebenschluss-Teilschaltungen (15, 16) aufweist, wobei jede Nebenschluss-Teilschaltung (15, 16) aufweist:
    - M Zweige (3, 4), die parallel geschaltet sind, wobei M≥2 und wobei jeder Zweig (3, 4) mehrere LEDs und einen Zweigwiderstand (R1, R2) aufweist, der in Reihe mit den LEDs geschaltet ist,
    wobei die Zweigwiderstände (R1, R2) der Zweige (3, 4) im Wesentlichen denselben Widerstand haben und wobei der Widerstand jedes Zweigs (3, 4) während des Normalbetriebs im Wesentlichen gleich ist,
    wobei die Zweige (3, 4) mit einem gemeinsamen Nebenschlusswiderstand (R3) verbunden sind,
    - eine Verstärkereinheit (5), die eine Spannung an dem Nebenschlusswiderstand (R3) mit einem Verstärkungsfaktor AF in eine verstärkte Spannung verstärkt,
    - eine Komparatoreinheit (6, 7, 17, 18) für jeden Zweig (3, 4), wobei die Komparatoreinheiten (6, 7, 17, 18) jeweils einen Komparator (6a, 7a, 17a, 18a) aufweisen, welcher die Spannung an dem jeweiligen Zweigwiderstand (R1, R2) mit der verstärkten Spannung vergleicht,
    und dass die Ausgänge (6b, 7b, 17b, 18b) der Komparatoreinheiten (6, 7, 17, 18) der mindestens zwei Nebenschluss-Teilschaltungen (15, 16) an der gemeinsamen Signalausgangseinheit (10) verbunden sind.
EP10154657A 2010-02-25 2010-02-25 Fehlererkennung von LEDs Active EP2362711B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201030077T SI2362711T1 (sl) 2010-02-25 2010-02-25 Prepoznavanje izpada led-ov
EP10154657A EP2362711B1 (de) 2010-02-25 2010-02-25 Fehlererkennung von LEDs

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10154657A EP2362711B1 (de) 2010-02-25 2010-02-25 Fehlererkennung von LEDs

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EP2362711A1 EP2362711A1 (de) 2011-08-31
EP2362711B1 true EP2362711B1 (de) 2012-07-18

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102330935B (zh) * 2011-09-26 2013-06-05 汪华 铁路信号专用点式led光源灯和点灯光源电路
CN104267719B (zh) * 2014-10-20 2016-11-30 上海光联照明有限公司 总线制led显示系统逐点故障侦测方法及其应用
PL3125648T3 (pl) * 2015-07-31 2023-04-24 Yunex Gmbh Obwód sterowania diodami elektroluminescencyjnymi dla sygnalizatora

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19929430B4 (de) * 1999-06-26 2008-10-09 Daimler Ag Leuchtdioden-Schlußleuchte
EP1286571A3 (de) * 2001-05-02 2005-03-30 Garufo GmbH Elektronisch abgesicherte Stromversorgung für Schaltungsgruppen und Anzeigevorrichtung für eine sich änderende Information
DE10131824B4 (de) * 2001-06-30 2011-09-29 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Schaltungseinrichtung für die Ausfallerkennung von Leuchtdioden in einem Kraftfahrzeug
JP4236894B2 (ja) * 2002-10-08 2009-03-11 株式会社小糸製作所 点灯回路

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EP2362711A1 (de) 2011-08-31

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