EP2347177B1 - Dispositif de combustion d'un mélange oxydant/combustible - Google Patents

Dispositif de combustion d'un mélange oxydant/combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2347177B1
EP2347177B1 EP09744981.3A EP09744981A EP2347177B1 EP 2347177 B1 EP2347177 B1 EP 2347177B1 EP 09744981 A EP09744981 A EP 09744981A EP 2347177 B1 EP2347177 B1 EP 2347177B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
zone
fuel
combustion
combustion chamber
reactor
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EP09744981.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2347177A2 (fr
Inventor
Marcus Franz
Sören GÖTZ
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SGL Carbon SE
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SGL Carbon SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F23C99/006—Flameless combustion stabilised within a bed of porous heat-resistant material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for combustion of a fuel / oxidant mixture in a highly exothermic reaction consisting of a reactor with a combustion chamber containing at least a first porous material and at least one second porous material in separate zones, wherein the zones are designed so that an exothermic reaction can take place only in the second zone and is provided with one or more supply lines for the fuel and for the oxidizing agent.
  • zone A a region which has such small, effective pore diameters that do not permit stationary flame propagation, ie, the first porous zone is effectively similar to a flashback flame arrester.
  • zone C the subsequent actual combustion region, hereinafter referred to as zone C, has pore sizes large enough to permit steady state combustion.
  • the porous reaction space is preferably surrounded by a corrosion-resistant, cooled wall, which consists for example of graphite impregnated with synthetic resin.
  • the cooling can be done by cooling water, air or the fuel gases themselves.
  • an insulating intermediate layer of high-temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant and thermally insulating materials which prevents heat loss and ensures that prevails in the combustion chamber at any point the desired combustion chamber temperature.
  • the adiabatic process allows, for example, a simple scale-up of such chemical reactors, since the heat transport properties to the cooled walls are irrelevant and the entire process in the flow direction can be viewed almost one-dimensionally.
  • a pore reactor the reaction is carried out within a porous matrix of temperature-resistant material. Unlike conventional reactor devices, it is not necessary to arrange the reactor in a voluminous combustion chamber or downstream of such. From the reactor itself flow the hot reaction products without direct flame formation.
  • It is proposed to use a significantly lower and for the combustion zone a significantly higher than the critical Péclet number of Pe 65 for the first zone.
  • the combustion stabilizes at the interface between the two zones. Due to the small pore dimensions in the first zone, there is no combustion in this region in the stationary state but only preheating of the gas mixture. This property also meets the stringent safety requirements for a risk of re-ignition in chemical plants.
  • the premixing chamber is a component and safety-relevant component of the device described.
  • a disadvantage of the known designs is the localized temperature detection in the reaction zone by thermocouples.
  • Another disadvantage of pore reactors, the porous layers of which are composed of bulk solids, is that the bulk material are entrained in a larger or suddenly increased gas flow from the gas stream and thus lead to changes in bulk density and the Peclet number.
  • a safe process under heavily varying gas flow conditions, especially for the controlled burning of large amounts of halogen-containing gases in case of accidents is possible only to a very limited extent.
  • a burner for a burner for gaseous fuels known. This burner body has porous material with interconnected hollow bodies and is divided in the gas flow direction into at least two zones.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a reactor which allows the abovementioned exothermic chemical reactions while reducing the disadvantages described in more detail above.
  • the object of the invention is achieved with a device having the features of claim 1.
  • the combustion chamber and the porous materials are made of materials that withstand a temperature of 1000 ° C to 2400 ° C.
  • a temperature monitoring device and an ignition device are arranged in the zone B.
  • the temperature monitoring device is preferably an infrared sensor that detects a range of 2 to 200 cm 2 at the interface to the zone C. A detection over the specified range is not possible according to the known prior art.
  • the device is arranged vertically and the zone A is above the zones B and C.
  • the bulk bodies of the zones A and C are arranged on supporting grids. A loosening or swirling of the bulk material and a change in the flow resistance and thus the Peclet number is prevented by the weight of the bulk body and the supporting grates.
  • the zone A is arranged above the zone C loosening of the loose layer is avoided in principle, because the bed C is thereby pressed in the direction of gravity against the support grid.
  • the fuel / oxidant mixture and the additionally supplied gas are at least partially mixed in a premixing device, which is connected upstream of the reactor.
  • a corresponding device according to this development is that it has a premixing chamber for the fuel / oxidant mixture, from which this fuel / oxidant mixture flows into the combustion chamber.
  • the premix chamber used here according to the invention enables a much better mixing and a more effective conversion of the reactants, which, for example, allows a reduction of the required methane content in the hydrogen chloride synthesis.
  • the premixing chamber is designed such that the component of the flow velocity of the mixture in the premixing chamber relative to the combustion chamber is greater than the flame velocity in the combustion chamber.
  • the premixing chamber is dimensioned such that a flame which possibly arises in the premixing chamber is blown out in the event of inadvertent ignition over the entire operating range, for example during startup.
  • a further improvement in this respect is achieved in a development of the invention by means of a cooling of the premixing chamber.
  • the porosity of the coherent voided material in the direction of flame evolution changes to larger pores, with a Péclet critical number at an inner pore size interface above which flame evolution occurs and below which it is suppressed.
  • Combustion stabilization is achieved by increasing the pore size in the direction of flow, with a critical Péclet number in one zone of the porous pore size material above which flame evolution occurs and below which it is suppressed.
  • the premixing chamber is preferably made of corrosion-resistant materials, eg. B. made of resin-impregnated graphite. Enamelled or fluoroplastic-lined steel parts can also be used to construct a mixing chamber. From the premixing chamber, the premixed gases preferably enter the zone A of the pore reactor through a grid of corrosion-resistant material, for example silicon carbide, aluminum oxide or the like. As previously mentioned, a number of chemical reactants, such as. As chlorine and methane, under the influence of UV radiation for auto-ignition. The auto-ignition in the premix chamber should but for security reasons be avoided. A grate and the design of zone A is chosen so that no or only very little UV radiation from the zone A or C reaches the premixing chamber, which could lead to the ignition of the gas mixture of chlorine and methane into the premixing chamber.
  • the stability of the combustion in the described pore reactor Compared with the hydrogen chloride reactors designed according to the prior art, which react very sensitively to pressure and volume fluctuations of the gases, in which case the flame can easily extinguish, the combustion reaction in the pore reactor, by contrast, by the heat capacity of the packing in zone C even in short-term failure Gases ignited immediately.
  • the ignition and preheating of the reactor can be done with a fuel gas (hydrogen, methane, etc.) and air. However, this can also be a conventional ignition device, which is common for such chemical reactors used. After complete heating of the zone C can be gradually or immediately to the reactants, such as chlorine, methane and air, converted.
  • a fuel gas hydrogen, methane, etc.
  • air air
  • reactants such as chlorine, methane and air
  • the scale-up for technical systems is surprisingly simple due to the technical teaching for the dimensioning of pore reactors, especially in the previously described, adiabatic process management, must be complied with regardless of the size defined flow conditions in the zones A and C.
  • the pore reactors described below and modified for chemical processes are parts of process plants for the production of hydrochloric acid or for the afterburning of halogen-containing, preferably chlorine-containing compounds.
  • Such a system has, for example, a modified pore reactor, a heat exchanger for the cooling of the reaction products or for the use of their heat content and depending on the type of plant and an absorber, scrubber or scrubber at transition pieces between the apparatus, pumps, piping and the usual safety, measuring - and control devices on. Due to the reaction and the good mixing of the gases in the pore reactor, a voluminous combustion chamber is not required compared to the prior art.
  • the reactor can be directly attached to the following apparatuses, e.g. As a heat exchanger, a quencher with absorber or other devices are connected.
  • a partial stream of the cooled gas or gas mixture is returned to the reactor.
  • another gas for. As water vapor, are added.
  • Pore reactors for the afterburning of halogen-containing exhaust gases or vaporizable or gaseous, halogen-containing, organic compounds are, as will become clearer later with reference to embodiments, carried out so that the oxidizing agent and fuel gas are preferably premixed injected into the premixing chamber. Due to the high reaction enthalpy of oxidant and fuel gas, a stable support flame is generated in the combustion zone C.
  • the nachverbParkde gas or gas mixture is injected via an inlet pipe in the premixing preferably via a support grid in front of the zone A of the pore reactor and mixed with the fuel / oxidant mixture.
  • the temperature of the post-combustion process it is preferable to use a corresponding excess of the oxidizing agent, in particular air.
  • the temperature is measured for example by means of an infrared pyrometer and further processed the signal for the oxidant control.
  • the subsequent post-combustion facilities differ from the plant components described above, depending on the halogen content of the exhaust gases. At low halogen content, in which the extraction of hydrochloric acid is not in the foreground, only a quencher and a scrubber is generally followed. Other accompanying substances, eg. B. sulfur compounds o. ⁇ ., Can also be subjected to the described facilities a harmless disposal. This also applies in principle to halogen-containing or sulfur-containing vaporizable substances or mixtures. Since the described post-combustion with pore reactor do not require a combustion chamber in the conventional sense, such systems can be made very compact and inexpensive.
  • a combustion chamber insulation is provided for an approximately adiabatic combustion guidance without wall effects.
  • Adiabatic combustion management is particularly advantageous for increasing the conversion rate.
  • the device has a device for obtaining or separating reaction products from the combusted fuel / oxidant.
  • the device for the synthesis of hydrogen chloride is provided that the device is designed for a chlorine-containing compound in the fuel and methane in the oxidizing agent for burning the hydrogen chloride and has a procedural device for the recovery of hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid behind the combustion chamber.
  • the named design is known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the corresponding safety devices are taken into account and the materials are correspondingly corrosion-resistant to chlorine.
  • the invention can be used not only for burning and for hydrogen chloride synthesis, but also as a device for post-combustion of exhaust gases and, in particular, for cleaning.
  • a device for post-combustion of exhaust gases and, in particular, for cleaning for example, it is possible for some in the embodiments shown in the following description, nachverbines proportions of chlorine-containing organic compounds without problems and thus to dispose of harmless.
  • pore reactor 1 For the following embodiment, the above-explained in more detail pore reactor 1 was selected, which has particular advantages over other types of reactor with which the invention can be formed.
  • the essential feature of the invention is that the flame is cooled by supplying an additional gas to the fuel / oxidant mixture, which can be realized in all conceivable reactor types. Therefore, the following description of the embodiment alone based on the pore reactor 1 is not to be considered as limiting.
  • FIG Fig. 1 An embodiment of a pore reactor 1 according to the invention is shown in FIG Fig. 1 shown.
  • the housing of the pore reactor 1 consists of a thin-walled, high temperature resistant ceramic inner lining 8 of oxide ceramic with a thickness of 2 mm to 50 mm, a Graphitstützmantel 9 and a spaced therefrom outer steel shell 10. Between the Graphitst Reifenmantel 9 and the steel shell 10 cooling water is passed, which leaves the pore reactor 1 at the nozzle 12. Further, the defined zones A - 2, the zone B - 4 and the zone C - 3 are shown. The zone C - 3 acts as a combustion zone, in which the combustion takes place. In Zone A - 2, ignition is avoided by appropriate dimensioning.
  • the combustion zone C - 3 is filled with packing for this purpose, whereas the zone A - 2 is filled with pore bodies which act as a flame barrier. Zone A - 2 and Zone C - 3 are spaced by Zone B - 4.
  • the large-area temperature monitoring is carried out by access of a temperature sensor in the temperature measuring socket 6.
  • the gas mixture is passed from above into the pore reactor 1.
  • the reaction of the reaction mixture takes place in the zone C - 3, which is arranged on the support grid 7 and is additionally cooled by the heat exchanger 11 arranged underneath.
  • the wall temperature of the reaction zone C - 3 is monitored by a wall temperature sensor 13.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Dispositif de combustion d'un mélange de combustible / agent d'oxydation dans une réaction fortement exothermique constituée d'un réacteur (1) doté d'une ou plusieurs conduites d'alimentation pour le combustible ainsi que pour l'agent d'oxydation, qui sont disposées de telle sorte que le mélange de combustible / agent d'oxydation est conduit par le haut dans le réacteur (1), et doté d'une chambre de combustion, qui contient au moins un premier matériau poreux dans une zone A (2) et au moins un second matériau poreux dans une zone C (3) séparée, dans lequel les zones A (2) et C (3) présentent des porosités différentes, dans lequel les zones sont agencées de telle sorte que la première zone A (2) se trouve au-dessus de la zone C (3), qui agit en tant que zone de combustion, là où au contraire dans la zone A (2) le dimensionnement correspondant permet d'éviter un embrasement, et dans lequel les zones A (2) et C (3) sont séparées par une zone B (4) de telle sorte qu'un écart est formé entre la zone A (2) et la zone C (3), qui est disposé dans la direction de flux du mélange de combustible / d'agent d'oxydation avant la zone C (3) et qui mesure de 10 mm à 4 000 mm, dans lequel un gaz supplémentaire par rapport au mélange de combustible / d'agent d'oxydation est alimenté, de sorte que la flamme soit refroidie par l'apport du gaz supplémentaire par rapport au mélange de combustible / d'agent d'oxydation, dans lequel au moins une grille de support (7) est refroidie, qui est prévue à la surface de séparation pour les zones de porosité différentes et dans lequel les matériaux poreux sont agencés au moins partiellement en tant que remblai de solides, tels qu'ils sont utilisés en tant que remblais de solides ou empilements ordonnés lors de processus de séparation thermique.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'écart formé par la zone B (4) entre la zone A (2) et la zone C (3) mesure de 20 mm à 500 mm.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la chambre de combustion et les matériaux poreux sont constitués de matières brutes qui résistent à des températures allant de 1 000 °C à 2 400 °C.
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, dans lequel un dispositif de surveillance de la température (6) et le cas échéant un dispositif de mise à feu sont disposés dans la zone B (4).
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le dispositif de surveillance de la température (6) est un capteur infrarouge.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 à 5, dans lequel une chambre de pré-mélange (5) est prévue pour le mélange de combustible / d'agent d'oxydation.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, dans lequel la chambre de pré-mélange (5) est dimensionnée de telle sorte que les composants installés dans la chambre de combustion en direction de la vitesse de flux du mélange dans la chambre de pré-mélange (5) soit supérieure à la vitesse de flamme dans la chambre de combustion.
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 6 ou 7, dans lequel il est prévu un refroidissement de la chambre de pré-mélange (5).
  9. Dispositif selon au moins une des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel la chambre de combustion est dimensionnée pour la stabilité des flammes en cas de pression excessive et/ou de dépression.
  10. Dispositif selon au moins une des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel il est prévu une régulation de la chambre de combustion pour une conduite approximativement adiabatique de combustion sans effets thermiques de paroi.
EP09744981.3A 2008-09-22 2009-09-21 Dispositif de combustion d'un mélange oxydant/combustible Active EP2347177B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008048359A DE102008048359B4 (de) 2008-09-22 2008-09-22 Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung eines Brennstoff/Oxidationsmittelgemisches
PCT/EP2009/062215 WO2010031869A2 (fr) 2008-09-22 2009-09-21 Dispositif de combustion d'un mélange oxydant/combustible

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2347177A2 EP2347177A2 (fr) 2011-07-27
EP2347177B1 true EP2347177B1 (fr) 2018-01-03

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EP09744981.3A Active EP2347177B1 (fr) 2008-09-22 2009-09-21 Dispositif de combustion d'un mélange oxydant/combustible

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US (1) US8926319B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2347177B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102165256B (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0919820B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2738003C (fr)
DE (1) DE102008048359B4 (fr)
RU (1) RU2487299C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010031869A2 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10281173B2 (en) * 2012-06-28 2019-05-07 Purpose Co., Ltd. Burner, combustion apparatus, method for combustion, method for controlling combustion, recording medium, and water heater
US10413879B2 (en) * 2015-10-01 2019-09-17 Sgl Carbon Se Type of burning device for producing gas mixtures
CN114183751A (zh) * 2021-11-25 2022-03-15 北京动力机械研究所 一种基于锂和六氟化硫反应的闭式循环热源装置

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BRPI0919820B1 (pt) 2020-03-24
CN102165256A (zh) 2011-08-24
BRPI0919820A2 (pt) 2016-02-10
EP2347177A2 (fr) 2011-07-27
US8926319B2 (en) 2015-01-06
CA2738003C (fr) 2014-02-11
CA2738003A1 (fr) 2010-03-25
RU2487299C2 (ru) 2013-07-10
DE102008048359A1 (de) 2010-04-15
WO2010031869A3 (fr) 2010-07-01
US20110229835A1 (en) 2011-09-22
DE102008048359B4 (de) 2010-08-26
RU2011115810A (ru) 2012-10-27
WO2010031869A2 (fr) 2010-03-25
CN102165256B (zh) 2015-02-18

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