EP2347177A2 - Dispositif de combustion d'un mélange oxydant/combustible - Google Patents

Dispositif de combustion d'un mélange oxydant/combustible

Info

Publication number
EP2347177A2
EP2347177A2 EP09744981A EP09744981A EP2347177A2 EP 2347177 A2 EP2347177 A2 EP 2347177A2 EP 09744981 A EP09744981 A EP 09744981A EP 09744981 A EP09744981 A EP 09744981A EP 2347177 A2 EP2347177 A2 EP 2347177A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zone
fuel
combustion
combustion chamber
reactor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09744981A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2347177B1 (fr
Inventor
Marcus Franz
Sören GÖTZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SGL Carbon SE
Original Assignee
SGL Carbon SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SGL Carbon SE filed Critical SGL Carbon SE
Publication of EP2347177A2 publication Critical patent/EP2347177A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2347177B1 publication Critical patent/EP2347177B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F23C99/006—Flameless combustion stabilised within a bed of porous heat-resistant material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for combustion of a fuel / oxidant mixture in a highly exothermic reaction consisting of a reactor with a combustion chamber containing at least a first porous material and at least one second porous material in separate zones, wherein the zones are designed in that an exothermic reaction can take place only in the second zone and is provided with one or more supply lines for the fuel as well as for the oxidizing agent.
  • zone A a region which has such small, effective pore diameters that do not allow stationary flame propagation, d. H.
  • zone C the subsequent actual combustion region, hereinafter referred to as zone C, has pore sizes large enough to permit steady state combustion.
  • a critical Peclet number of Pe> 65 is given in the specialist literature (for example, Babkin et al., In “Combustion and Flame,” Vol. 87, pp. 182-190, 1991).
  • porous combustion chamber filling of pore reactors for chemical industrial plants materials such.
  • alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, among others are used, which in addition to high temperature resistance also have sufficient corrosion resistance.
  • zones of different pore structure or size according to DE 43 22 109 C2 are arranged to produce hydrogen chloride. This is done by using differently sized fillers for zones A and C.
  • structured packings and foams in zones A and B can also be used.
  • a further support grid can be arranged between the porous structures of the two zones of different pore size formed with packing, which prevents the discharge of smaller fillers of the zone A into the interstices of the larger packing of the zone C.
  • another, gas-permeable carrier grate which closes the combustion chamber. This makes it possible to arrange the reactor in any position despite loose bulk of the packing in the combustion chamber.
  • the porous reaction space is preferably surrounded by a corrosion-resistant, cooled wall, which consists for example of graphite impregnated with synthetic resin.
  • the cooling can be done by cooling water, air or the fuel gases themselves.
  • an insulating intermediate layer of high-temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant and thermally insulating materials which prevents heat loss and ensures that prevails in the combustion chamber at any point the desired combustion chamber temperature.
  • the adiabatic process allows, for example, a simple scale-up of such chemical reactors, since the heat transport properties to irrelevant to the cooled walls and the entire process in the direction of flow can be viewed almost one-dimensionally.
  • a pore reactor the reaction is carried out within a porous matrix of temperature-resistant material.
  • the combustion stabilizes at the interface between the two zones. Due to the small pore dimensions in the first zone, there is no combustion in this region in the stationary state but only preheating of the gas mixture. This property also meets the stringent safety requirements for a risk of re-ignition in chemical plants.
  • the premixing chamber is a component and safety-relevant component of the device described.
  • a disadvantage of the known designs is the localized temperature detection in the reaction zone by thermocouples.
  • a safe process under heavily varying gas flow conditions, especially for the controlled burning of large amounts of halogen-containing gases in case of accidents is possible only to a very limited extent.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a reactor which allows the abovementioned exothermic chemical reactions while reducing the disadvantages described in more detail above.
  • the object of the invention is achieved starting from the initially mentioned apparatus for combustion of a fuel / oxidant mixture in a highly exothermic reaction, which consists of a reactor with a combustion chamber containing at least a first porous material and at least one second porous material in separate zones, said Zones are designed so that an exothermic reaction can take place only in the second zone and is provided with one or more supply lines for the fuel and for the oxidizing agent, wherein the existing of the first porous material zone A by a distance of 10 mm Up to 4000 mm, preferably 20 mm to 500 mm, a zone B of the second porous material existing zone C is separated and arranged in the flow direction of the fuel / Oxidationsffenge- mix before the zone C.
  • the combustion chamber and the porous materials are made of materials that withstand a temperature of 1000 0 C to 2400 0 C.
  • a temperature monitoring device and an ignition device are arranged in the zone B.
  • the temperature monitoring device is preferably an infrared sensor that detects a range of 2 to 200 cm 2 at the interface to the zone C. A detection over the specified range is not possible according to the known prior art.
  • a preferred embodiment of the device is that it is arranged vertically and the zone A is above the zones B and C.
  • the bulk bodies of the zones A and C are arranged on supporting grids. A loosening or whirling of the bulk material and a change in the flow resistance and thus the Peclet number is prevented by the weight of the bulk body and the supporting grates.
  • a loosening of the packed bed is avoided in principle, because the bed C is thereby pressed in the direction of gravity against the supporting grid.
  • the fuel / oxidant mixture and the additionally supplied gas are at least partially mixed in a premixing device, which is connected upstream of the reactor.
  • a corresponding device according to this development is that it has a premixing chamber for the fuel / oxidant mixture from which this fuel / oxidant mixture flows into the combustion chamber.
  • the premixing chamber used here according to the invention enables a much better mixing and a more effective conversion of the reactants, which, for example, makes it possible to reduce the required methane content in the hydrogen chloride synthesis.
  • the premixing chamber is designed such that the component of the flow velocity of the mixture in the premixing chamber relative to the combustion chamber is greater than the flame velocity in the combustion chamber.
  • the premixing chamber is dimensioned such that a flame which possibly arises in the premixing chamber is blown out in the event of inadvertent ignition over the entire operating range, for example during startup.
  • a further improvement in this respect is achieved in a development of the invention by means of a cooling of the premixing chamber.
  • the porosity of the porous material having contiguous cavities in the direction of flame evolution changes to larger pores, with a critical Peclet number at an inner pore size interface above which flame evolution occurs and below which it is suppressed.
  • Combustion stabilization is achieved by increasing the pore size in the direction of flow, resulting in a zone of porous pore size material having a critical Peclet number above which flame evolution occurs and below which it is suppressed.
  • the premixing chamber is preferably made of corrosion-resistant materials, eg. B. made of resin-impregnated graphite. Enamelled or fluoroplastic-lined steel parts can also be used to construct a mixing chamber. From the premixing chamber, the premixed gases preferably enter the zone A of the pore reactor through a grid of corrosion-resistant material, for example silicon carbide, aluminum oxide or the like. As previously mentioned, a number of chemical reactants, such as. As chlorine and methane, under the influence of UV radiation for auto-ignition. The auto-ignition in the premix chamber should but for security reasons be avoided. A grate and the design of zone A are chosen such that no or only very little UV radiation from the zone A or C reaches the premixing chamber, which could lead to the ignition of the gas mixture of chlorine and methane into the premixing chamber.
  • a grate and the design of zone A are chosen such that no or only very little UV radiation from the zone A or C reaches the premixing chamber, which could lead
  • the stability of the combustion in the described pore reactor Compared to the hydrogen sulfide reactors designed according to the prior art, which react very sensitively to pressure and flow fluctuations of the gases, so that the flame can easily go out, the combustion reaction in the pore reactor by the heat capacity of the packing in zone C even in short-term failure of the Gases ignited immediately.
  • the ignition and preheating of the reactor can be done with a fuel gas (hydrogen, methane, etc.) and air. However, this can also be a conventional ignition device, which is common for such chemical reactors used. After complete heating of the zone C can be gradually or immediately to the reactants, such as chlorine, methane and air, converted.
  • a fuel gas hydrogen, methane, etc.
  • air air
  • reactants such as chlorine, methane and air
  • the scale-up for technical systems is surprisingly easy due to the technical teaching for the dimensioning of pore reactors, especially in the previously described, adiabatic process management, must be complied with regardless of the size defined flow conditions in the zones A and C.
  • the pore reactors described below and modified for chemical processes are parts of process plants for the production of hydrochloric acid or for the afterburning of halogen-containing, preferably chlorine-containing compounds.
  • Such a plant has, for example, a modified pore reactor, a heat exchanger for cooling the reaction products or for utilizing their heat content and, depending on the type of plant, also an absorber, scrubber or scrubber at transition pieces between the apparatuses, pumps, pipelines and the usual safety devices. , Measuring and control equipment. Due to the reaction and the good mixing of the gases in the pore reactor, a voluminous combustion chamber is not required compared to the prior art.
  • the reactor can be directly attached to the following apparatuses, e.g. As a heat exchanger, a quencher with absorber or other devices are connected.
  • a partial stream of the cooled gas or gas mixture is returned to the reactor.
  • another gas for. As water vapor, are added.
  • Pore reactors for the afterburning of halogen-containing exhaust gases or vaporizable or gaseous, halogen-containing, organic compounds are, as will later become clearer by means of embodiments, carried out so that the oxidant and fuel gas are preferably premixed injected into the pre-mixing chamber. Due to the high reaction enthalpy of oxidant and fuel gas, a stable support flame is generated in the combustion zone C.
  • the nachverbParkde gas or gas mixture is injected via an inlet pipe in the premixing preferably via a support grid in front of the zone A of the pore reactor and mixed with the fuel / oxidant mixture.
  • the temperature of the post-combustion process it is preferable to use a corresponding excess of the oxidizing agent, in particular air.
  • the temperature is measured for example by means of an infrared pyrometer and further processed the signal for the oxidant control.
  • the subsequent post-combustion facilities differ from the plant components described above, depending on the halogen content of the exhaust gases. At low halogen content, in which the extraction of hydrochloric acid is not in the foreground, only a quencher and a scrubber is generally followed. Other accompanying substances, eg. B. sulfur compounds o. ⁇ ., Can also be subjected to the described facilities a harmless disposal. This also applies in principle to halogen-containing or sulfur-containing vaporizable substances or mixtures. Since the described post-combustion with pore reactor do not require a combustion chamber in the conventional sense, such systems can be made very compact and inexpensive.
  • the combustion chamber has at least two zones of material of different pore sizes, between which the pore size gives the critical Peclet number;
  • the continuous cavity material has, at least in part, a bulk of bodies such as are used for bulk solids or ordered packings in thermal separation processes, such as spheres or calipers;
  • a grid such as a support grid, is provided to prevent discharge of the bodies from one zone to the other, wherein the grid, in particular the supporting grid, may also be cooled;
  • the combustion chamber is designed for flame stability at positive and negative pressure; the supplied product gases are all or only partially preheated to avoid condense in the premixing chamber after admixture of cooling vapors such as water vapor (condensed components would significantly reduce the success of the reaction and lead to the formation of unwanted by-products);
  • the premixing chamber is not cooled but its walls are kept deliberately above the dew point temperature of the gas mixture so as to prevent condensation
  • the combustion chamber can now also be designed for flame stability under positive or negative pressure, which would have led to insufficient flame stability in the prior art. Due to the invention and its developments but a much larger pressure range available, so that a corresponding design for a large pressure range in a familiar to the expert way, especially for over or under pressure, can lead to a significant increase in flame stability. Regulations can be largely eliminated.
  • a combustion chamber insulation is provided for an approximately adiabatic combustion guidance without wall effects. Adiabatic combustion management is particularly advantageous for increasing the conversion rate.
  • the device has a device for obtaining or separating reaction products from the combusted fuel / oxidant.
  • the device for the synthesis of hydrogen chloride is provided that the device is designed for a chlorine-containing compound in the fuel and methane in the oxidizing agent for burning the hydrogen chloride and has a procedural device for the recovery of hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid behind the combustion chamber.
  • the named design is known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the corresponding safety devices are taken into account and the materials are correspondingly corrosion-resistant to chlorine.
  • the invention can be used not only for burning and for hydrogen chloride synthesis, but also as a device for post-combustion of exhaust gases and, in particular, for cleaning.
  • a device for post-combustion of exhaust gases and, in particular, for cleaning for example, it is possible for some in the embodiments shown in the following description, nachverbines proportions of chlorine-containing organic compounds without problems and thus to dispose of harmless.
  • Fig. 1 partial representation of a pore reactor plant
  • the above-explained in more detail pore reactor 1 was selected, which has particular advantages over other types of reactor with which the invention can be formed.
  • the essential feature of the invention is that the flame is cooled by supplying an additional gas to the fuel / oxidant mixture, which can be realized in all conceivable reactor types. Therefore, the following description of the embodiment alone based on the pore reactor 1 is not to be considered as limiting.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of a pore reactor 1 according to the invention is shown in FIG.
  • the housing of the pore reactor 1 consists of a thin-walled, high-temperature-resistant ceramic inner lining 8 made of oxide ceramic with a thickness of 2 mm to 50 mm, a Graphitstützmantel 9 and an outer steel shell 10 spaced apart between the graphite jacket 9 and the steel shell 10 cooling water is passed , which leaves the port reactor 12, the pore reactor 1. Further, the defined zones A - 2, the zone B - 4 and the zone C - 3 are shown.
  • the zone C - 3 acts as a combustion zone, in which the combustion takes place. In Zone A - 2, ignition is avoided by appropriate dimensioning.
  • the combustion zone C - 3 is filled with packing for this purpose, whereas the zone A - 2 is filled with pore bodies which act as a flame barrier. Zone A - 2 and Zone C - 3 are spaced by Zone B - 4.
  • the large-area temperature monitoring is carried out by access of a temperature sensor in the temperature measuring socket 6.
  • the gas mixture is passed from above into the pore reactor 1.
  • the reaction of the reaction mixture takes place in the zone C - 3, which is arranged on the support grid 7 and is additionally cooled by the heat exchanger 11 arranged underneath.
  • the wall temperature of the reaction zone C - 3 is monitored by a wall temperature sensor 13. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif de combustion d'un mélange oxydant/combustible au cours d'une réaction fortement exothermique, le dispositif comprenant un réacteur (1) pourvu d'une chambre de combustion contenant au moins un premier matériau poreux et au moins un deuxième matériau poreux dans des zones séparées A (2) et C (3), ces zones étant formées de sorte qu'une réaction exothermique ne peut avoir lieu que dans la zone B (3), et d'une ou de plusieurs conduites d'alimentation pour le combustible et pour l'oxydant. Selon l'invention, la zone A (2) constituée du premier matériau poreux est séparée de la zone C (3) constituée du deuxième matériau poreux par une zone B (4), la distance de séparation étant de 10 mm à 4 000 mm, de préférence de 20 mm à 500 mm, et est placée en amont de la zone C (3) dans le sens d'écoulement du mélange oxydant/combustible.
EP09744981.3A 2008-09-22 2009-09-21 Dispositif de combustion d'un mélange oxydant/combustible Active EP2347177B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008048359A DE102008048359B4 (de) 2008-09-22 2008-09-22 Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung eines Brennstoff/Oxidationsmittelgemisches
PCT/EP2009/062215 WO2010031869A2 (fr) 2008-09-22 2009-09-21 Dispositif de combustion d'un mélange oxydant/combustible

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2347177A2 true EP2347177A2 (fr) 2011-07-27
EP2347177B1 EP2347177B1 (fr) 2018-01-03

Family

ID=41821055

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09744981.3A Active EP2347177B1 (fr) 2008-09-22 2009-09-21 Dispositif de combustion d'un mélange oxydant/combustible

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US8926319B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2347177B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102165256B (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0919820B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2738003C (fr)
DE (1) DE102008048359B4 (fr)
RU (1) RU2487299C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010031869A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10281173B2 (en) * 2012-06-28 2019-05-07 Purpose Co., Ltd. Burner, combustion apparatus, method for combustion, method for controlling combustion, recording medium, and water heater
US10413879B2 (en) * 2015-10-01 2019-09-17 Sgl Carbon Se Type of burning device for producing gas mixtures
CN114183751A (zh) * 2021-11-25 2022-03-15 北京动力机械研究所 一种基于锂和六氟化硫反应的闭式循环热源装置

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US4785768A (en) * 1986-09-15 1988-11-22 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Means and method for controlling load turndown in a fluidized bed combustor
FR2628511B1 (fr) * 1988-03-10 1990-06-22 Perie Rene Procede et dispositif pour la combustion complete a l'interieur d'une brique refractaire poreuse d'un melange de gaz combustible et comburant
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DE4322109C2 (de) * 1993-07-02 2001-02-22 Franz Durst Brenner für ein Gas/Luft-Gemisch
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DE10228411C1 (de) * 2002-06-25 2003-09-18 Enginion Ag Porenbrenner mit verringerter Startemission
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JP4653082B2 (ja) * 2004-03-30 2011-03-16 謙治 岡安 携帯式熱伝達装置
DE502005003727D1 (de) * 2005-01-31 2008-05-29 Basf Se Verfahren zur Herstellung von nanopartikulären Feststoffen
DE102005044494B3 (de) * 2005-09-16 2007-03-08 Wenzel, Lothar Vorrichtung zur Beseitigung von schädlichen Bestandteilen aus Abgasen von Brennkraftmaschinen
AT504398B1 (de) * 2006-10-24 2008-07-15 Windhager Zentralheizung Techn Porenbrenner, sowie verfahren zum betrieb eines porenbrenners

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8926319B2 (en) 2015-01-06
RU2487299C2 (ru) 2013-07-10
CN102165256B (zh) 2015-02-18
EP2347177B1 (fr) 2018-01-03
DE102008048359A1 (de) 2010-04-15
CA2738003A1 (fr) 2010-03-25
DE102008048359B4 (de) 2010-08-26
CN102165256A (zh) 2011-08-24
US20110229835A1 (en) 2011-09-22
BRPI0919820B1 (pt) 2020-03-24
BRPI0919820A2 (pt) 2016-02-10
CA2738003C (fr) 2014-02-11
WO2010031869A3 (fr) 2010-07-01
RU2011115810A (ru) 2012-10-27
WO2010031869A2 (fr) 2010-03-25

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