EP2347177B1 - Device for burning a fuel/oxidant mixture - Google Patents
Device for burning a fuel/oxidant mixture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2347177B1 EP2347177B1 EP09744981.3A EP09744981A EP2347177B1 EP 2347177 B1 EP2347177 B1 EP 2347177B1 EP 09744981 A EP09744981 A EP 09744981A EP 2347177 B1 EP2347177 B1 EP 2347177B1
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- European Patent Office
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- zone
- fuel
- combustion
- combustion chamber
- reactor
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 37
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 9
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001136792 Alle Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 etc. Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F23C99/006—Flameless combustion stabilised within a bed of porous heat-resistant material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for combustion of a fuel / oxidant mixture in a highly exothermic reaction consisting of a reactor with a combustion chamber containing at least a first porous material and at least one second porous material in separate zones, wherein the zones are designed so that an exothermic reaction can take place only in the second zone and is provided with one or more supply lines for the fuel and for the oxidizing agent.
- zone A a region which has such small, effective pore diameters that do not permit stationary flame propagation, ie, the first porous zone is effectively similar to a flashback flame arrester.
- zone C the subsequent actual combustion region, hereinafter referred to as zone C, has pore sizes large enough to permit steady state combustion.
- the porous reaction space is preferably surrounded by a corrosion-resistant, cooled wall, which consists for example of graphite impregnated with synthetic resin.
- the cooling can be done by cooling water, air or the fuel gases themselves.
- an insulating intermediate layer of high-temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant and thermally insulating materials which prevents heat loss and ensures that prevails in the combustion chamber at any point the desired combustion chamber temperature.
- the adiabatic process allows, for example, a simple scale-up of such chemical reactors, since the heat transport properties to the cooled walls are irrelevant and the entire process in the flow direction can be viewed almost one-dimensionally.
- a pore reactor the reaction is carried out within a porous matrix of temperature-resistant material. Unlike conventional reactor devices, it is not necessary to arrange the reactor in a voluminous combustion chamber or downstream of such. From the reactor itself flow the hot reaction products without direct flame formation.
- It is proposed to use a significantly lower and for the combustion zone a significantly higher than the critical Péclet number of Pe 65 for the first zone.
- the combustion stabilizes at the interface between the two zones. Due to the small pore dimensions in the first zone, there is no combustion in this region in the stationary state but only preheating of the gas mixture. This property also meets the stringent safety requirements for a risk of re-ignition in chemical plants.
- the premixing chamber is a component and safety-relevant component of the device described.
- a disadvantage of the known designs is the localized temperature detection in the reaction zone by thermocouples.
- Another disadvantage of pore reactors, the porous layers of which are composed of bulk solids, is that the bulk material are entrained in a larger or suddenly increased gas flow from the gas stream and thus lead to changes in bulk density and the Peclet number.
- a safe process under heavily varying gas flow conditions, especially for the controlled burning of large amounts of halogen-containing gases in case of accidents is possible only to a very limited extent.
- a burner for a burner for gaseous fuels known. This burner body has porous material with interconnected hollow bodies and is divided in the gas flow direction into at least two zones.
- the object of the invention is to provide a reactor which allows the abovementioned exothermic chemical reactions while reducing the disadvantages described in more detail above.
- the object of the invention is achieved with a device having the features of claim 1.
- the combustion chamber and the porous materials are made of materials that withstand a temperature of 1000 ° C to 2400 ° C.
- a temperature monitoring device and an ignition device are arranged in the zone B.
- the temperature monitoring device is preferably an infrared sensor that detects a range of 2 to 200 cm 2 at the interface to the zone C. A detection over the specified range is not possible according to the known prior art.
- the device is arranged vertically and the zone A is above the zones B and C.
- the bulk bodies of the zones A and C are arranged on supporting grids. A loosening or swirling of the bulk material and a change in the flow resistance and thus the Peclet number is prevented by the weight of the bulk body and the supporting grates.
- the zone A is arranged above the zone C loosening of the loose layer is avoided in principle, because the bed C is thereby pressed in the direction of gravity against the support grid.
- the fuel / oxidant mixture and the additionally supplied gas are at least partially mixed in a premixing device, which is connected upstream of the reactor.
- a corresponding device according to this development is that it has a premixing chamber for the fuel / oxidant mixture, from which this fuel / oxidant mixture flows into the combustion chamber.
- the premix chamber used here according to the invention enables a much better mixing and a more effective conversion of the reactants, which, for example, allows a reduction of the required methane content in the hydrogen chloride synthesis.
- the premixing chamber is designed such that the component of the flow velocity of the mixture in the premixing chamber relative to the combustion chamber is greater than the flame velocity in the combustion chamber.
- the premixing chamber is dimensioned such that a flame which possibly arises in the premixing chamber is blown out in the event of inadvertent ignition over the entire operating range, for example during startup.
- a further improvement in this respect is achieved in a development of the invention by means of a cooling of the premixing chamber.
- the porosity of the coherent voided material in the direction of flame evolution changes to larger pores, with a Péclet critical number at an inner pore size interface above which flame evolution occurs and below which it is suppressed.
- Combustion stabilization is achieved by increasing the pore size in the direction of flow, with a critical Péclet number in one zone of the porous pore size material above which flame evolution occurs and below which it is suppressed.
- the premixing chamber is preferably made of corrosion-resistant materials, eg. B. made of resin-impregnated graphite. Enamelled or fluoroplastic-lined steel parts can also be used to construct a mixing chamber. From the premixing chamber, the premixed gases preferably enter the zone A of the pore reactor through a grid of corrosion-resistant material, for example silicon carbide, aluminum oxide or the like. As previously mentioned, a number of chemical reactants, such as. As chlorine and methane, under the influence of UV radiation for auto-ignition. The auto-ignition in the premix chamber should but for security reasons be avoided. A grate and the design of zone A is chosen so that no or only very little UV radiation from the zone A or C reaches the premixing chamber, which could lead to the ignition of the gas mixture of chlorine and methane into the premixing chamber.
- the stability of the combustion in the described pore reactor Compared with the hydrogen chloride reactors designed according to the prior art, which react very sensitively to pressure and volume fluctuations of the gases, in which case the flame can easily extinguish, the combustion reaction in the pore reactor, by contrast, by the heat capacity of the packing in zone C even in short-term failure Gases ignited immediately.
- the ignition and preheating of the reactor can be done with a fuel gas (hydrogen, methane, etc.) and air. However, this can also be a conventional ignition device, which is common for such chemical reactors used. After complete heating of the zone C can be gradually or immediately to the reactants, such as chlorine, methane and air, converted.
- a fuel gas hydrogen, methane, etc.
- air air
- reactants such as chlorine, methane and air
- the scale-up for technical systems is surprisingly simple due to the technical teaching for the dimensioning of pore reactors, especially in the previously described, adiabatic process management, must be complied with regardless of the size defined flow conditions in the zones A and C.
- the pore reactors described below and modified for chemical processes are parts of process plants for the production of hydrochloric acid or for the afterburning of halogen-containing, preferably chlorine-containing compounds.
- Such a system has, for example, a modified pore reactor, a heat exchanger for the cooling of the reaction products or for the use of their heat content and depending on the type of plant and an absorber, scrubber or scrubber at transition pieces between the apparatus, pumps, piping and the usual safety, measuring - and control devices on. Due to the reaction and the good mixing of the gases in the pore reactor, a voluminous combustion chamber is not required compared to the prior art.
- the reactor can be directly attached to the following apparatuses, e.g. As a heat exchanger, a quencher with absorber or other devices are connected.
- a partial stream of the cooled gas or gas mixture is returned to the reactor.
- another gas for. As water vapor, are added.
- Pore reactors for the afterburning of halogen-containing exhaust gases or vaporizable or gaseous, halogen-containing, organic compounds are, as will become clearer later with reference to embodiments, carried out so that the oxidizing agent and fuel gas are preferably premixed injected into the premixing chamber. Due to the high reaction enthalpy of oxidant and fuel gas, a stable support flame is generated in the combustion zone C.
- the nachverbParkde gas or gas mixture is injected via an inlet pipe in the premixing preferably via a support grid in front of the zone A of the pore reactor and mixed with the fuel / oxidant mixture.
- the temperature of the post-combustion process it is preferable to use a corresponding excess of the oxidizing agent, in particular air.
- the temperature is measured for example by means of an infrared pyrometer and further processed the signal for the oxidant control.
- the subsequent post-combustion facilities differ from the plant components described above, depending on the halogen content of the exhaust gases. At low halogen content, in which the extraction of hydrochloric acid is not in the foreground, only a quencher and a scrubber is generally followed. Other accompanying substances, eg. B. sulfur compounds o. ⁇ ., Can also be subjected to the described facilities a harmless disposal. This also applies in principle to halogen-containing or sulfur-containing vaporizable substances or mixtures. Since the described post-combustion with pore reactor do not require a combustion chamber in the conventional sense, such systems can be made very compact and inexpensive.
- a combustion chamber insulation is provided for an approximately adiabatic combustion guidance without wall effects.
- Adiabatic combustion management is particularly advantageous for increasing the conversion rate.
- the device has a device for obtaining or separating reaction products from the combusted fuel / oxidant.
- the device for the synthesis of hydrogen chloride is provided that the device is designed for a chlorine-containing compound in the fuel and methane in the oxidizing agent for burning the hydrogen chloride and has a procedural device for the recovery of hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid behind the combustion chamber.
- the named design is known to the person skilled in the art.
- the corresponding safety devices are taken into account and the materials are correspondingly corrosion-resistant to chlorine.
- the invention can be used not only for burning and for hydrogen chloride synthesis, but also as a device for post-combustion of exhaust gases and, in particular, for cleaning.
- a device for post-combustion of exhaust gases and, in particular, for cleaning for example, it is possible for some in the embodiments shown in the following description, nachverbines proportions of chlorine-containing organic compounds without problems and thus to dispose of harmless.
- pore reactor 1 For the following embodiment, the above-explained in more detail pore reactor 1 was selected, which has particular advantages over other types of reactor with which the invention can be formed.
- the essential feature of the invention is that the flame is cooled by supplying an additional gas to the fuel / oxidant mixture, which can be realized in all conceivable reactor types. Therefore, the following description of the embodiment alone based on the pore reactor 1 is not to be considered as limiting.
- FIG Fig. 1 An embodiment of a pore reactor 1 according to the invention is shown in FIG Fig. 1 shown.
- the housing of the pore reactor 1 consists of a thin-walled, high temperature resistant ceramic inner lining 8 of oxide ceramic with a thickness of 2 mm to 50 mm, a Graphitstützmantel 9 and a spaced therefrom outer steel shell 10. Between the Graphitst Reifenmantel 9 and the steel shell 10 cooling water is passed, which leaves the pore reactor 1 at the nozzle 12. Further, the defined zones A - 2, the zone B - 4 and the zone C - 3 are shown. The zone C - 3 acts as a combustion zone, in which the combustion takes place. In Zone A - 2, ignition is avoided by appropriate dimensioning.
- the combustion zone C - 3 is filled with packing for this purpose, whereas the zone A - 2 is filled with pore bodies which act as a flame barrier. Zone A - 2 and Zone C - 3 are spaced by Zone B - 4.
- the large-area temperature monitoring is carried out by access of a temperature sensor in the temperature measuring socket 6.
- the gas mixture is passed from above into the pore reactor 1.
- the reaction of the reaction mixture takes place in the zone C - 3, which is arranged on the support grid 7 and is additionally cooled by the heat exchanger 11 arranged underneath.
- the wall temperature of the reaction zone C - 3 is monitored by a wall temperature sensor 13.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
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Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung eines Brennstoff/Oxidationsmittelgemisches in stark exothermer Reaktion bestehend aus einem Reaktor mit einem Brennraum, der mindestens ein erstes poröses Material und mindestens ein zweites poröses Material in getrennten Zonen enthält, wobei die Zonen so gestaltet sind, dass eine exotherme Reaktion lediglich in der zweiten Zone stattfinden kann und mit einer oder mehreren Zuführungsleitungen für den Brennstoff sowie für das Oxidationsmittel versehen ist.The invention relates to a device for combustion of a fuel / oxidant mixture in a highly exothermic reaction consisting of a reactor with a combustion chamber containing at least a first porous material and at least one second porous material in separate zones, wherein the zones are designed so that an exothermic reaction can take place only in the second zone and is provided with one or more supply lines for the fuel and for the oxidizing agent.
In den Dokumenten
Das brennbare Gasgemisch durchströmt danach zunächst eine Region, im folgenden mit Zone A bezeichnet, die derart kleine, effektive Porendurchmesser aufweist, die keine stationäre Flammenausbreitung ermöglichen, d. h. die erste poröse Zone ist einer Flammenrückschlagsperre wirkungsmässig ähnlich. Die nachfolgende, eigentliche Verbrennungsregion, im folgenden als Zone C bezeichnet, weist jedoch Porengrößen auf, die groß genug sind, um eine stationäre Verbrennung zuzulassen. Als Kriterium für die Flammenausbreitung im Inneren einer porösen Matrix wird in der Fachliteratur (beispielsweise
Als poröse Brennraumfüllung von Porenreaktoren für chemische Industrieanlagen können Materialien, wie z. B. Aluminiumoxid, Zirkonoxid, Siliziumkarbid u. a., verwendet werden, die neben hoher Temperaturbeständigkeit auch eine ausreichende Korrosionsbeständigkeit aufweisen. Vorzugsweise verwendet man zur Herstellung des porösen Brennraumes Schüttungen aus temperaturbeständigen, keramischen Kugeln, Sattelkörpern und ähnlichen Körpern, wie sie beispielsweise als ungeordnete Packung für thermische Trennverfahren verwendet werden. Schüttungen werden deshalb bevorzugt, weil sie eine einfache Reinigung von Ablagerungen, beispielsweise bei der Chlorwasserstoffsynthese entstehende Salzrückstände, ermöglichen, die aus den Brenngasen stammen. Auch für Porenbrenner werden zur Erzeugung von Chlorwasserstoff Zonen unterschiedlicher Porenstruktur bzw. -größe gemäss
The combustible gas mixture then first flows through a region, hereinafter referred to as zone A, which has such small, effective pore diameters that do not permit stationary flame propagation, ie, the first porous zone is effectively similar to a flashback flame arrester. However, the subsequent actual combustion region, hereinafter referred to as zone C, has pore sizes large enough to permit steady state combustion. As a criterion for the flame propagation inside a porous matrix is in the literature (for example
As a porous combustion chamber filling of pore reactors for chemical industrial plants materials such. As alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, among others, are used, which in addition to high temperature resistance also have sufficient corrosion resistance. Preferably used to produce the porous combustion chamber beds of temperature-resistant, ceramic balls, saddles and similar bodies, such as, for example used as a disordered packing for thermal separation processes. Beds are preferred because they allow a simple cleaning of deposits, for example, in the hydrogen chloride synthesis resulting salt residues, which originate from the fuel gases. Also for pore burners to produce hydrogen chloride zones of different pore structure or size according to
Gemäß dem Dokument
Der poröse Reaktionsraum ist bevorzugt von einer korrosionsfesten, gekühlten Wand umgeben, die beispielsweise aus kunstharzimprägniertem Graphit besteht. Die Kühlung kann durch Kühlwasser, Luft oder die Brenngase selbst erfolgen. Zwischen der gekühlten Wand und dem Brennraum befindet sich dann vorzugsweise eine isolierende Zwischenschicht aus hochtemperaturbeständigen, korrosionsbeständigen und thermisch isolierenden Werkstoffen, welche Wärmeverluste verhindert und sicherstellt, dass im Brennraum an jeder Stelle die gewünschte Brennraumtemperatur herrscht. Gemäß dem Dokument
Bei einem Porenreaktor wird die Reaktion innerhalb einer porösen Matrix aus temperaturbeständigem Material durchgeführt. Abweichend von konventionellen Reaktorvorrichtungen ist es nicht erforderlich, den Reaktor in einer voluminösen Brennkammer anzuordnen oder eine solche nachzuschalten. Aus dem Reaktor selbst strömen die heißen Reaktionsprodukte ohne direkte Flammenbildung.
In der
In a pore reactor, the reaction is carried out within a porous matrix of temperature-resistant material. Unlike conventional reactor devices, it is not necessary to arrange the reactor in a voluminous combustion chamber or downstream of such. From the reactor itself flow the hot reaction products without direct flame formation.
In the
Wird der Porenreaktor gezündet, so stabilisiert sich die Verbrennung an der Schnittstelle zwischen den zwei Zonen. Durch die kleinen Porenabmessungen in der ersten Zone kommt es in dieser Region im stationären Zustand nicht zu einer Verbrennung sondern lediglich zu einer Vorwärmung des Gasgemisches. Diese Eigenschaft erfüllt auch die strengen Sicherheitsanforderungen bezüglich einer Rückzündungsgefahr bei chemischen Anlagen.If the pore reactor is ignited, the combustion stabilizes at the interface between the two zones. Due to the small pore dimensions in the first zone, there is no combustion in this region in the stationary state but only preheating of the gas mixture. This property also meets the stringent safety requirements for a risk of re-ignition in chemical plants.
Aufgrund der exzellenten Wärmeübertragung zwischen Gas- und Festkörperphase innerhalb der porösen Matrix stehen diese annähernd in thermischem Gleichgewicht. Das annähernd thermische Gleichgewicht zwischen Gas- und Festkörperphase und die intensive Vermischung innerhalb des Porenkörpers bewirkt wesentlich das Verschwinden von freien Flammen in der mit größeren Poren ausgestatteten Brennzone. Der Verbrennungsprozess vollzieht sich nun in einem ausgedehnten Reaktionsgebiet, das eher als Verbrennungsreaktor denn als Brennraum mit freien Flammen charakterisiert werden kann.Due to the excellent heat transfer between gas and solid phase within the porous matrix, these are approximately in thermal equilibrium. The approximate thermal equilibrium between the gas phase and the solid phase and the intensive mixing within the pore body substantially causes the disappearance of free flames in the combustion zone equipped with larger pores. The combustion process now takes place in an extended reaction area, which can be characterized more as a combustion reactor than as a combustion chamber with free flames.
Gemäß dem Dokument
Ein Nachteil der bekannten Bauformen besteht in der lokal begrenzten Temperaturerfassung in der Reaktionszone durch Thermoelemente. Ein weiterer Nachteil von Porenreaktoren, deren poröse Schichten aus Schüttkörpern aufgebaut sind, besteht darin, dass die Schüttkörper bei einem größeren oder schlagartig erhöhten Gasdurchsatz vom Gasstrom mitgerissen werden und damit zu Veränderungen der Schüttdichte sowie der Peclet-Zahl führen. Eine sichere Verfahrensführung unter stark wechselnden Gasdurchsatzbedingungen insbesondere für das kontrollierte Verbrennen von größeren Mengen halogenhaltiger Gase bei Störfällen ist nur in einem stark begrenzten Umfang möglich.
Weiterhin ist aus der
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Reaktor bereitzustellen, der die oben genannten, exothermen, chemischen Reaktionen unter Verminderung der oben näher beschriebenen Nachteile gestattet.A disadvantage of the known designs is the localized temperature detection in the reaction zone by thermocouples. Another disadvantage of pore reactors, the porous layers of which are composed of bulk solids, is that the bulk material are entrained in a larger or suddenly increased gas flow from the gas stream and thus lead to changes in bulk density and the Peclet number. A safe process under heavily varying gas flow conditions, especially for the controlled burning of large amounts of halogen-containing gases in case of accidents is possible only to a very limited extent.
Furthermore, from the
The object of the invention is to provide a reactor which allows the abovementioned exothermic chemical reactions while reducing the disadvantages described in more detail above.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird mit einer Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Bei einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Vorrichtung ist vorgesehen, dass der Brennraum und die porösen Materialien aus Werkstoffen bestehen, die einer Temperatur von 1000°C bis 2400°C standhalten.The object of the invention is achieved with a device having the features of
Vorteilhafter Weise sind in der Zone B eine Temperaturüberwachungsvorrichtung und eine Zündvorrichtung angeordnet. Die Temperaturüberwachungsvorrichtung ist vorzugsweise ein Infrarot-Sensor, der einen Bereich von 2 bis 200 cm2 an der Grenzfläche zur Zone C erfasst. Eine Erfassung über den angegebenen Bereich ist nach dem bekannten Stand der Technik nicht möglich. Erfindungsmäßig ist die Vorrichtung vertikal angeordnet und sich die Zone A oberhalb der Zonen B und C befindet. Dabei sind die Schüttkörper der Zonen A und C auf Tragrosten angeordnet. Eine Lockerung oder Aufwirbelung der Schüttkörper und eine Veränderung des Strömungswiderstandes und damit der Peclet-Zahl wird durch das Eigengewicht der Schüttkörper und die Tragroste verhindert. Zudem wird durch das Anordnen der Zone A oberhalb der Zone C eine Auflockerung der Schüttschicht prinzipiell vermieden, weil die Schüttung C dadurch in Richtung der Schwerkraft gegen den Tragrost gepresst wird.
Gemäss einer anderen Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist beim Verfahren vorgesehen, dass das Brennstoff/Oxidationsmittelgemisch und das zusätzlich zugeführte Gas zumindest teilweise in einer Vormischeinrichtung gemischt werden, die dem Reaktor vorgeschaltet ist. Eine entsprechende Vorrichtung gemäss dieser Weiterbildung besteht darin, dass sie eine Vormischkammer für das Brennstoff/Oxidationsmittelgemisch aufweist, aus der dieses Brennstoff/Oxidationsmittelgemisch in die Brennkammer strömt.
Die hier nun gemäss Weiterbildung eingesetzte Vormischkammer ermöglicht eine wesentlich bessere Durchmischung und einen effektiveren Umsatz der Reaktanden, was beispielsweise eine Verringerung des benötigten Methananteils bei der Chlorwasserstoffsynthese ermöglicht.
Insbesondere ist bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die Vormischkammer so ausgelegt ist, dass die in Richtung auf den Brennraum bezogene Komponente der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Gemisches in der Vormischkammer größer als die Flammengeschwindigkeit im Brennraum ist. Dadurch wird die Vormischkammer so dimensioniert, dass eine eventuell in der Vormischkammer entstehende Flamme im Fall einer unbeabsichtigten Zündung im gesamten Betriebsbereich, beispielsweise beim Anfahren, ausgeblasen wird.Advantageously, a temperature monitoring device and an ignition device are arranged in the zone B. The temperature monitoring device is preferably an infrared sensor that detects a range of 2 to 200 cm 2 at the interface to the zone C. A detection over the specified range is not possible according to the known prior art. According to the invention, the device is arranged vertically and the zone A is above the zones B and C. The bulk bodies of the zones A and C are arranged on supporting grids. A loosening or swirling of the bulk material and a change in the flow resistance and thus the Peclet number is prevented by the weight of the bulk body and the supporting grates. In addition, by arranging the zone A above the zone C loosening of the loose layer is avoided in principle, because the bed C is thereby pressed in the direction of gravity against the support grid.
According to another embodiment of the invention, it is provided in the method that the fuel / oxidant mixture and the additionally supplied gas are at least partially mixed in a premixing device, which is connected upstream of the reactor. A corresponding device according to this development is that it has a premixing chamber for the fuel / oxidant mixture, from which this fuel / oxidant mixture flows into the combustion chamber.
The premix chamber used here according to the invention enables a much better mixing and a more effective conversion of the reactants, which, for example, allows a reduction of the required methane content in the hydrogen chloride synthesis.
In particular, in an advantageous development of the invention, it is provided that the premixing chamber is designed such that the component of the flow velocity of the mixture in the premixing chamber relative to the combustion chamber is greater than the flame velocity in the combustion chamber. As a result, the premixing chamber is dimensioned such that a flame which possibly arises in the premixing chamber is blown out in the event of inadvertent ignition over the entire operating range, for example during startup.
Eine weitere, diesbezügliche Verbesserung wird bei einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung mittels einer Kühlung der Vormischkammer erreicht.A further improvement in this respect is achieved in a development of the invention by means of a cooling of the premixing chamber.
Gemäss einer anderen, vorteilhaften Weiterbildung ist vorgesehen, dass in der Brennkammer ein poröses Material mit zusammenhängenden, für eine Flammenentwicklung genügend, großen Hohlräumen vorgesehen ist.According to another advantageous development, provision is made for a porous material with contiguous cavities which are large enough for flame development to be provided in the combustion chamber.
Insbesondere ändert sich die Porosität des porösen Materials mit zusammenhängenden Hohlräumen in Richtung der Flammenentwicklung zu größeren Poren, wobei sich an einer inneren Grenzfläche für die Porengröße eine kritische Péclet-Zahl ergibt, oberhalb der die Flammenentwicklung erfolgt und unterhalb der sie unterdrückt ist.In particular, the porosity of the coherent voided material in the direction of flame evolution changes to larger pores, with a Péclet critical number at an inner pore size interface above which flame evolution occurs and below which it is suppressed.
Eine Verbrennungsstabilisierung wird durch Zunahme der Porengröße in Strömungsrichtung erreicht, wobei sich in einer Zone des porösen Materials für die Porengröße eine kritische Péclet-Zahl ergibt, oberhalb der die Flammenentwicklung erfolgt und unterhalb der sie unterdrückt ist.Combustion stabilization is achieved by increasing the pore size in the direction of flow, with a critical Péclet number in one zone of the porous pore size material above which flame evolution occurs and below which it is suppressed.
Die Anwendung dieser Technik zur Herstellung von chemischen Produkten, wie beispielsweise Chlorwasserstoff, oder zur Nachverbrennung von Schadgasen, wie beispielsweise halogenhaltigen Gasen, wirkt sich nicht nur auf die Verbrennung selbst vorteilhaft aus, sondern ermöglicht es auch, diejenigen Anlagenteile, in die der Porenreaktor integriert ist, vorteilhaft zu gestalten und anzuordnen.The application of this technique for the production of chemical products, such as hydrogen chloride, or for post-combustion of noxious gases, such as halogen-containing gases, not only has an advantageous effect on the combustion itself, but also allows those plant parts in which the pore reactor is integrated to design and arrange advantageous.
Die Vormischkammer ist vorzugsweise aus korrosionsfesten Werkstoffen, z. B. aus kunstharzimprägniertem Graphit, hergestellt. Emaillierte oder Fluorkunststoff ausgekleidete Stahlteile können ebenfalls zum Bau einer Mischkammer verwendet werden. Aus der Vormischkammer treten die vorgemischten Gase bevorzugt durch einen Rost aus korrosionsbeständigem Material, beispielsweise Siliziumkarbid, Aluminiumoxid o. a., in die Zone A des Porenreaktors ein. Wie vorher schon angesprochen wurde, neigen mehrere chemische Reaktanden, wie z. B. Chlor und Methan, unter dem Einfluss von UV-Strahlung zur Selbstentzündung. Die Selbstentzündung in der Vormischkammer sollte aber aus Sicherheitsgründen vermieden werden. Ein Rost und die Auslegung der Zone A wird so gewählt, dass von der Zone A bzw. C keine oder nur sehr wenig UV-Strahlung in die Vormischkammer gelangt, die zur Zündung des Gasgemisches aus Chlor und Methan in die Vormischkammer führen könnte.The premixing chamber is preferably made of corrosion-resistant materials, eg. B. made of resin-impregnated graphite. Enamelled or fluoroplastic-lined steel parts can also be used to construct a mixing chamber. From the premixing chamber, the premixed gases preferably enter the zone A of the pore reactor through a grid of corrosion-resistant material, for example silicon carbide, aluminum oxide or the like. As previously mentioned, a number of chemical reactants, such as. As chlorine and methane, under the influence of UV radiation for auto-ignition. The auto-ignition in the premix chamber should but for security reasons be avoided. A grate and the design of zone A is chosen so that no or only very little UV radiation from the zone A or C reaches the premixing chamber, which could lead to the ignition of the gas mixture of chlorine and methane into the premixing chamber.
Besonders ist die Stabilität der Verbrennung bei dem beschriebenen Porenreaktor hervorzuheben. Gegenüber den nach dem Stand der Technik ausgeführten Chlorwasserstoffreaktoren, die sehr empfindlich auf Druck- und Mengenschwankungen der Gase reagieren, bei denen also die Flamme leicht erlöschen kann, wird die Verbrennungsreaktion im Porenreaktor dagegen durch die Wärmekapazität der Füllkörper in Zone C sogar bei kurzzeitigem Ausfall der Gase sofort wieder gezündet. Aus Sicherheitsgründen ist es jedoch zweckmäßig, bei Ausfall eines der Gase auch das andere Gas abzustellen und eine Inertgasspülung anzuschließen. Selbst nach mehreren Minuten kann der Reaktor dann ohne erneute Anfahrprozedur auch nach einer Inertgasspülung verzögerungsfrei wieder in Betrieb genommen werden.Particularly noteworthy is the stability of the combustion in the described pore reactor. Compared with the hydrogen chloride reactors designed according to the prior art, which react very sensitively to pressure and volume fluctuations of the gases, in which case the flame can easily extinguish, the combustion reaction in the pore reactor, by contrast, by the heat capacity of the packing in zone C even in short-term failure Gases ignited immediately. For safety reasons, however, it is expedient to turn off the other gas in the event of failure of one of the gases and to connect an inert gas purging. Even after several minutes, the reactor can then be put back into operation without delay even after an inert gas purge without delay.
Die Zündung und Vorwärmung des Reaktors kann mit einem Brenngas (Wasserstoff, Methan o. a.) und Luft erfolgen. Allerdings kann hierfür auch eine konventionelle Zündvorrichtung, die für solche chemischen Reaktoren üblich ist, genutzt werden. Nach völliger Durchwärmung der Zone C kann nach und nach oder auch sofort auf die Reaktanden, wie beispielsweise Chlor, Methan und Luft, umgestellt werden.The ignition and preheating of the reactor can be done with a fuel gas (hydrogen, methane, etc.) and air. However, this can also be a conventional ignition device, which is common for such chemical reactors used. After complete heating of the zone C can be gradually or immediately to the reactants, such as chlorine, methane and air, converted.
Plötzliche Lastschwankungen bis zu 50 % der Nennlast, die in solchen Anlagen auftreten können, sind mit den beschriebenen Porenreaktoren ohne Schwierigkeiten zu beherrschen.Sudden load fluctuations up to 50% of the rated load, which can occur in such systems can be controlled with the described pore reactors without difficulty.
Das Scale-Up für technische Anlagen wird aufgrund der technischen Lehre für die Dimensionierung von Porenreaktoren, insbesondere bei der im vorherigen beschriebenen, adiabaten Prozessführung, nach der unabhängig von der Baugröße definierte Strömungsbedingungen in den Zonen A und C eingehalten werden müssen, überraschend einfach.The scale-up for technical systems is surprisingly simple due to the technical teaching for the dimensioning of pore reactors, especially in the previously described, adiabatic process management, must be complied with regardless of the size defined flow conditions in the zones A and C.
Die nachfolgend beschriebenen und für chemischen Prozesse modifizierten Porenreaktoren sind Teile verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen zur Erzeugung von Salzsäure oder zur Nachverbrennung halogenhaltiger, vorzugsweise chlorhaltiger Verbindungen.The pore reactors described below and modified for chemical processes are parts of process plants for the production of hydrochloric acid or for the afterburning of halogen-containing, preferably chlorine-containing compounds.
Eine solche Anlage weist beispielsweise einen modifizierten Porenreaktor, einen Wärmetauscher für die Kühlung der Reaktionsprodukte bzw. zur Nutzung von deren Wärmeinhalt und je nach Anlagetyp auch einen Absorber, Scrubber oder Abgaswäscher an Übergangsstücken zwischen den Apparaten, Pumpen, Rohrleitungen und die üblichen Sicherheits-, Mess- und Regeleinrichtungen auf. Aufgrund der Reaktionsführung und der guten Durchmischung der Gase im Porenreaktor ist im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik eine voluminöse Brennkammer nicht erforderlich. Der Reaktor kann direkt an die nachfolgenden Apparate, z. B. einen Wärmetauscher, eine Quenche mit Absorber oder andere Apparate angeschlossen werden. Nach Abkühlung der aus dem Reaktor strömenden Reaktionsprodukte in einem Wärmetauscher oder nach einer Quenche wird ein Teilstrom des gekühlten Gases bzw. Gasgemisches, wie oben beschrieben, wieder dem Reaktor zugeführt. Alternativ dazu kann, wie beschrieben, auch ein anderes Gas, z. B. Wasserdampf, zugesetzt werden.Such a system has, for example, a modified pore reactor, a heat exchanger for the cooling of the reaction products or for the use of their heat content and depending on the type of plant and an absorber, scrubber or scrubber at transition pieces between the apparatus, pumps, piping and the usual safety, measuring - and control devices on. Due to the reaction and the good mixing of the gases in the pore reactor, a voluminous combustion chamber is not required compared to the prior art. The reactor can be directly attached to the following apparatuses, e.g. As a heat exchanger, a quencher with absorber or other devices are connected. After cooling the reaction products flowing out of the reactor in a heat exchanger or after a quench, a partial stream of the cooled gas or gas mixture, as described above, is returned to the reactor. Alternatively, as described, another gas, for. As water vapor, are added.
Je nach Anforderungen an das Produkt können auch nur Teile der verfahrenstechnischen Anlage benötigt werden, z. B. Reaktor und Gaskühler oder Reaktor und Quenche, je nachdem, ob das Produkt gasförmig oder in Wasser gelöst als Salzsäure benötigt wird.Depending on the requirements of the product, only parts of the process plant can be required, for. As reactor and gas cooler or reactor and quench, depending on whether the product is gaseous or dissolved in water required as hydrochloric acid.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Anlage zur Erzeugung von Chlorwasserstoff benutzt als Wasserstofflieferant Kohlenwasserstoffgase, z. B. Erdgas, Methan, Propan usw., Chlor und Luft. Die Verbrennung erfolgt nach den stark vereinfacht dargestellten Reaktionsgleichungen (1) und (2):
CH4 + O2 + Cl2 -> CO + 2HCl + H2O (1),
CO + 1/2O2 -> CO2 (2).
Diese Verbrennung ist in Anlagen gemäss Stand der Technik schwierig zu führen, da bei ungünstigen Randbedingungen Russ entstehen kann, der die Anlage und die Säure verschmutzt. Die beschriebenen, besonderen Eigenschaften des Porenreaktors ermöglichen unerwarteterweise auch für diese kritische Anwendung eine stabile, russfreie Verbrennung.
Porenreaktoren für die Nachverbrennung von halogenhaltigen Abgasen oder verdampfbaren oder gasförmigen, halogenhaltigen, organischen Verbindungen werden, wie später anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen noch deutlicher wird, so ausgeführt, dass Oxidationsmittel und Brenngas vorzugsweise vorgemischt in die Vormischkammer eingeblasen werden. Durch die hohe Reaktionsenthalpie von Oxidationsmittel und Brenngas wird in der Brennzone C eine stabile Stützflamme erzeugt. Das nachzuverbrennende Gas oder Gasgemisch wird über ein Einleitrohr in die Vormischkammer vorzugsweise über einen Tragrost vor der Zone A des Porenreaktors eingeblasen und mit dem Brennstoff/Oxidationsmittelgemisch gemischt. Zur Temperaturregelung des Nachverbrennungsprozesses verwendet man vorzugsweise einen entsprechenden Überschuss des Oxidationsmittels, insbesondere Luft. Zur Regelung der Temperatur in der Zone C des Porenreaktors wird die Temperatur beispielsweise mittels Infrarotpyrometer gemessen und das Signal für die Oxidationsmittelregelung weiterverarbeitet. Die nachfolgenden Einrichtungen bei Nachverbrennungen unterscheiden sich abhängig vom Halogengehalt der Abgase von den oben beschriebenen Anlageteilen. Bei kleinem Halogengehalt, bei dem die Gewinnung von Salzsäure nicht im Vordergrund steht, wird im allgemeinen nur eine Quenche und ein Wäscher nachgeschaltet. Andere Begleitstoffe, z. B. Schwefelverbindungen o. ä., können mit den beschriebenen Einrichtungen ebenso einer schadlosen Beseitigung unterzogen werden. Dies gilt grundsätzlich auch für halogenhaltige oder schwefelhaltige verdampfbaren Reinstoffe oder Gemische. Da die beschriebenen Nachverbrennungsanlagen mit Porenreaktor keine Brennkammer im herkömmlichen Sinn benötigen, können solche Anlagen sehr kompakt und kostengünstig ausgeführt werden.Another embodiment of a plant for the production of hydrogen chloride used as a hydrogen supplier hydrocarbon gases, eg. As natural gas, methane, propane, etc., chlorine and air. The combustion takes place according to the highly simplified illustrated reaction equations (1) and (2):
CH 4 + O 2 + Cl 2 -> CO + 2HCl + H 2 O (1),
CO + 1 / 2O 2 -> CO 2 (2).
This combustion is difficult to achieve in systems according to the prior art, since unfavorable boundary conditions can cause soot, which pollutes the system and the acid. The described special properties of the pore reactor unexpectedly allow a stable, soot-free combustion even for this critical application.
Pore reactors for the afterburning of halogen-containing exhaust gases or vaporizable or gaseous, halogen-containing, organic compounds are, as will become clearer later with reference to embodiments, carried out so that the oxidizing agent and fuel gas are preferably premixed injected into the premixing chamber. Due to the high reaction enthalpy of oxidant and fuel gas, a stable support flame is generated in the combustion zone C. The nachverbrennende gas or gas mixture is injected via an inlet pipe in the premixing preferably via a support grid in front of the zone A of the pore reactor and mixed with the fuel / oxidant mixture. To control the temperature of the post-combustion process, it is preferable to use a corresponding excess of the oxidizing agent, in particular air. To control the temperature in the zone C of the pore reactor, the temperature is measured for example by means of an infrared pyrometer and further processed the signal for the oxidant control. The subsequent post-combustion facilities differ from the plant components described above, depending on the halogen content of the exhaust gases. At low halogen content, in which the extraction of hydrochloric acid is not in the foreground, only a quencher and a scrubber is generally followed. Other accompanying substances, eg. B. sulfur compounds o. Ä., Can also be subjected to the described facilities a harmless disposal. This also applies in principle to halogen-containing or sulfur-containing vaporizable substances or mixtures. Since the described post-combustion with pore reactor do not require a combustion chamber in the conventional sense, such systems can be made very compact and inexpensive.
Aufgrund der vorstehenden, detaillierten Ausführungen ergeben sich folgende Merkmale der Erfindung:
- erfindungsmäßig weist der Brennraum mindestens zwei Zonen mit Material unterschiedlicher Porengröße auf, zwischen denen die Porengröße die kritische Péclet-Zahl ergibt;
- erfindungsmäßig weist das Material mit zusammenhängenden Hohlräumen zumindest teilweise eine Schüttung von Körpern auf, wie sie für Festkörperschüttungen oder geordnete Packungen bei thermischen Trennverfahren eingesetzt werden, wie Kugeln oder Sattelkörper;
- erfindungsmäßig ist an der Grenzfläche für Zonen unterschiedlicher Porosität ein Tragrost vorgesehen, um einen Austrag der Körper aus einer Zone in die andere zu vermeiden, wobei der Tragrost gekühlt ist;
- vorzugsweise ist die Brennkammer für Flammenstabilität bei Über- und Unterdruck ausgelegt;
- vorzugsweise werden die zugeführten Produktgase alle oder nur zum Teil vorgewärmt, um nach Zumischung von kühlenden Dämpfen wie z.B. Wasserdampf ein Auskondensieren in der Vormischkammer vermeiden (auskondensierte Bestandteile würden den Reaktionserfolg erheblich verschlechtern und zur Bildung von unerwünschten Nebenprodukte führen);
- vorzugsweise wird die Vormischkammer nicht gekühlt, sondern deren Wände werden gezielt über Taupunkttemperatur der Gasmischung gehalten, um so ein Auskondensieren von Gasbestandteilen zu verhindern.
- According to the invention, the combustion chamber has at least two zones of material of different pore sizes, between which the pore size gives the critical Péclet number;
- According to the invention, the material with contiguous cavities at least partially a bed of bodies, as they are used for solid beds or ordered packings in thermal separation processes, such as balls or caliper body;
- erfindungsmäßig a support grid is provided at the interface for zones of different porosity to avoid discharge of the body from one zone to the other, wherein the support grid is cooled;
- Preferably, the combustion chamber is designed for flame stability at positive and negative pressure;
- Preferably, the product gases supplied are all or only partially preheated to avoid condense in the premixing chamber after admixture of cooling vapors such as water vapor (condensed components would significantly reduce the success of the reaction and lead to the formation of unwanted by-products);
- Preferably, the premixing chamber is not cooled, but its walls are selectively maintained above the dew point temperature of the gas mixture so as to prevent condensation of gas constituents.
Insbesondere ist bei einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung eine Brennkammerisolierung für eine annähernd adiabatische Verbrennungsführung ohne Wandeffekte vorgesehen. Eine adiabatische Verbrennungsführung ist insbesondere für die Erhöhung der Umsatzrate besonders vorteilhaft.In particular, in a preferred development of the invention, a combustion chamber insulation is provided for an approximately adiabatic combustion guidance without wall effects. Adiabatic combustion management is particularly advantageous for increasing the conversion rate.
Neben der Verbrennung ist es auch möglich, Reaktionsprodukte zu gewinnen, beispielsweise bei der Chlorwasserstoffgasverbrennung zur Chlorwasserstoffsynthese. Dazu ist bei einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die Vorrichtung eine Einrichtung zur Gewinnung oder Trennung von Reaktionsprodukten aus dem verbrannten Brennstoff/Oxidationsmittel aufweist. Insbesondere für die Chlorwasserstoffsynthese ist vorgesehen, dass die Vorrichtung für eine chlorhaltige Verbindung im Brennstoff sowie Methan im Oxidationsmittel zum Verbrennen des Chlorwasserstoffs ausgelegt ist und dafür eine verfahrenstechnische Einrichtung zur Gewinnung von Chlorwasserstoff oder Salzsäure hinter dem Brennraum aufweist. Die genannte Auslegung ist dem Fachmann bekannt. Insbesondere ist dabei anzumerken, dass die entsprechenden Sicherheitseinrichtungen berücksichtigt werden und die Materialien entsprechend korrosionsbeständig gegen Chlor sind.In addition to the combustion, it is also possible to obtain reaction products, for example in the hydrogen chloride gas combustion for hydrogen chloride synthesis. For this purpose, it is provided in a preferred development of the invention that the device has a device for obtaining or separating reaction products from the combusted fuel / oxidant. In particular, for the synthesis of hydrogen chloride is provided that the device is designed for a chlorine-containing compound in the fuel and methane in the oxidizing agent for burning the hydrogen chloride and has a procedural device for the recovery of hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid behind the combustion chamber. The named design is known to the person skilled in the art. In particular, it should be noted that the corresponding safety devices are taken into account and the materials are correspondingly corrosion-resistant to chlorine.
Wie vorstehend schon ausgeführt wurde, ist die Erfindung nicht nur zum Verbrennen und zur Chlorwasserstoffsynthese einsetzbar, sondern auch als Einrichtung zum Nachverbrennen von Abgasen und dabei insbesondere zum Reinigen. So ist es beispielsweise bei einigen in den in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen möglich, Anteile an chlorhaltigen, organischen Verbindungen problemlos nachzuverbrennen und somit schadlos zu entsorgen.As already explained above, the invention can be used not only for burning and for hydrogen chloride synthesis, but also as a device for post-combustion of exhaust gases and, in particular, for cleaning. For example, it is possible for some in the embodiments shown in the following description, nachverbrennen proportions of chlorine-containing organic compounds without problems and thus to dispose of harmless.
Weitere Maßnahmen und Besonderheiten bei der Erfindung ergeben sich auch aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung. Es zeigen:
-
Fig. 1 Teildarstellung einer Porenreaktor-Anlage
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Fig. 1 Partial representation of a pore reactor plant
Für das folgende Ausführungsbeispiel wurde der vorstehend schon näher erläuterte Porenreaktor 1 ausgewählt, der gegenüber anderen Reaktortypen, mit dem die Erfindung ausgebildet werden kann, besondere Vorteile aufweist. Das wesentliche Merkmal bei der Erfindung besteht darin, dass die Flamme durch Zufuhr eines zusätzlichen Gases zu dem Brennstoff/Oxidationsmittelgemisch gekühlt wird, was bei allen denkbaren Reaktortypen verwirklicht werden kann. Deshalb ist die nachfolgende Beschreibung des Ausführungsbeispiels allein auf Basis des Porenreaktors 1 nicht als Beschränkung zu sehen.For the following embodiment, the above-explained in more detail pore
Eine Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Porenreaktors 1 ist in
- 11
- Porenreaktorpores reactor
- 22
- Zone AZone A
- 33
- Zone CZone C
- 44
- Zone BZone B
- 55
- Vormischkammerpremix
- 66
- Stutzen für TemperaturmessfühlerSocket for temperature sensor
- 77
- Tragrostsupport grid
- 88th
- keramische Innenauskleidungceramic interior lining
- 99
- GraphitwandungGraphitwandung
- 1010
- StahlaußenwandungStahlaußenwandung
- 1111
- Wärmetauscherheat exchangers
- 1212
- KühlmediumanschlussCooling medium connection
- 1313
- Wand-TemperaturmessfühlerWall temperature sensor
Claims (10)
- Device for burning a fuel/oxidant mixture in a highly exothermic reaction, the device consisting of a reactor (1) comprising one or more feed lines for the fuel and for the oxidant, which lines are arranged such that the fuel/oxidant mixture is guided into the reactor (1) from above, and comprising a combustion chamber that contains at least one first porous material in a zone A (2) and at least one second porous material in a separate zone C (3), wherein zones A (2) and C (3) are of different porosities, wherein the zones are configured such that the first zone A (2) is located above zone C (3), which zone C functions as a combustion zone whereas ignition is prevented in zone A (2) by appropriate dimensioning, and wherein zones A (2) and C (3) are separated by a zone B (4) such that a distance is formed between zone A (2) and zone C (3) which is arranged before zone C (3) in the flow direction of the fuel/oxidant mixture and is from 10 mm to 4000 mm, wherein an additional gas is fed to the fuel/oxidant mixture such that the flame is cooled by feeding the additional gas to the fuel/oxidant mixture, wherein at least one support grate (7) is cooled, which grate is provided at the interface for the zones of different porosities, and wherein the porous materials are at least partially formed as a filling of bodies, as are used as packed beds or structured packing in thermal separation processes.
- Device according to claim 1, wherein the distance formed by zone B (4) between zone A (2) and zone C (3) is from 20 mm to 500 mm.
- Device according to either claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the combustion chamber and the porous materials consist of materials that are resistant to a temperature of from 1000°C to 2400°C.
- Device according to claim 3, wherein a temperature monitoring device (6) and optionally an ignition device are arranged in zone B (4).
- Device according to claim 4, wherein the temperature monitoring device (6) is an infrared sensor.
- Device according to claims 1 to 5, wherein a premixing chamber (5) for the fuel/oxidant mixture is provided.
- Device according to claim 6, wherein the premixing chamber (5) is configured such that the component of the flow speed of the mixture in the premixing chamber (5) that is related to the direction towards the combustion chamber is greater than the flame speed in the combustion chamber.
- Device according to either claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the premixing chamber (5) is cooled.
- Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the combustion chamber is configured for flame stability during overpressure and/or negative pressure.
- Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the combustion chamber is temperature-controlled for carrying out combustion approximately adiabatically without thermal wall effects.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008048359A DE102008048359B4 (en) | 2008-09-22 | 2008-09-22 | Apparatus for combustion of a fuel / oxidizer mixture |
PCT/EP2009/062215 WO2010031869A2 (en) | 2008-09-22 | 2009-09-21 | Device for burning a fuel/oxidant mixture |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2347177A2 EP2347177A2 (en) | 2011-07-27 |
EP2347177B1 true EP2347177B1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
Family
ID=41821055
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09744981.3A Active EP2347177B1 (en) | 2008-09-22 | 2009-09-21 | Device for burning a fuel/oxidant mixture |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8926319B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2347177B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102165256B (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0919820B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2738003C (en) |
DE (1) | DE102008048359B4 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2487299C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010031869A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10281173B2 (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2019-05-07 | Purpose Co., Ltd. | Burner, combustion apparatus, method for combustion, method for controlling combustion, recording medium, and water heater |
RU2705960C1 (en) * | 2015-10-01 | 2019-11-12 | Сгл Карбон Се | Improved combustion device for production of gas mixtures |
CN114183751A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-15 | 北京动力机械研究所 | Closed circulation heat source device based on lithium and sulfur hexafluoride reaction |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19939951A1 (en) * | 1999-08-23 | 2001-03-08 | Sgl Technik Gmbh | Method for a burner and a corresponding device |
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US4392814A (en) * | 1979-06-08 | 1983-07-12 | Can-Eng Holdings Limited | Fluidized bed |
US4785768A (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1988-11-22 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Means and method for controlling load turndown in a fluidized bed combustor |
FR2628511B1 (en) * | 1988-03-10 | 1990-06-22 | Perie Rene | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COMPLETE COMBUSTION WITHIN A POROUS REFRACTORY BRICK OF A COMBUSTIBLE AND OXIDIZED GAS MIXTURE |
US5165884A (en) * | 1991-07-05 | 1992-11-24 | Thermatrix, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlled reaction in a reaction matrix |
DK0524736T3 (en) * | 1991-07-05 | 1998-09-23 | Thermatrix Inc A Delaware Corp | Process and apparatus for controlled reaction in a reaction matrix |
DE4322109C2 (en) | 1993-07-02 | 2001-02-22 | Franz Durst | Burner for a gas / air mixture |
DE19527583C2 (en) * | 1995-07-28 | 1998-01-29 | Max Rhodius Gmbh | Burners, especially for heating systems |
NL1005800C2 (en) * | 1996-11-16 | 1999-05-10 | Fasto Nefit Bv | Porous body for gas-burner - has open space at igniter between successive zones |
DE10228411C1 (en) * | 2002-06-25 | 2003-09-18 | Enginion Ag | Burner for the combustion of a gas/oxygen fuel, has a fine-pore material at the inflow and a coarse-pore material at the outflow, separated to give an intermediate pore-free zone during start-up |
DE10309799A1 (en) * | 2003-03-05 | 2004-09-23 | Sgl Acotec Gmbh | Method and device for producing hydrogen chloride |
WO2005095869A1 (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2005-10-13 | Kenji Okayasu | Portable heat transmission device |
PL1695759T3 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2008-09-30 | Basf Se | Method for producing nano sized solids by using a burner with a porous reaction zone |
DE102005044494B3 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2007-03-08 | Wenzel, Lothar | Device for removing harmful components from exhaust gases of internal combustion engines |
AT504398B1 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2008-07-15 | Windhager Zentralheizung Techn | PORENBURNER, AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A PORN BURNER |
-
2008
- 2008-09-22 DE DE102008048359A patent/DE102008048359B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-09-21 CA CA2738003A patent/CA2738003C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-21 CN CN200980137226.3A patent/CN102165256B/en active Active
- 2009-09-21 WO PCT/EP2009/062215 patent/WO2010031869A2/en active Application Filing
- 2009-09-21 BR BRPI0919820-2A patent/BRPI0919820B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-09-21 RU RU2011115810/06A patent/RU2487299C2/en active
- 2009-09-21 EP EP09744981.3A patent/EP2347177B1/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-03-22 US US13/069,133 patent/US8926319B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19939951A1 (en) * | 1999-08-23 | 2001-03-08 | Sgl Technik Gmbh | Method for a burner and a corresponding device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2347177A2 (en) | 2011-07-27 |
US20110229835A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
US8926319B2 (en) | 2015-01-06 |
DE102008048359A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
WO2010031869A2 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
CA2738003A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
RU2011115810A (en) | 2012-10-27 |
CN102165256B (en) | 2015-02-18 |
DE102008048359B4 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
CA2738003C (en) | 2014-02-11 |
RU2487299C2 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
BRPI0919820A2 (en) | 2016-02-10 |
WO2010031869A3 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
BRPI0919820B1 (en) | 2020-03-24 |
CN102165256A (en) | 2011-08-24 |
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