EP2344430A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von ethylenisch ungesättigten halogenierten kohlenwasserstoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von ethylenisch ungesättigten halogenierten kohlenwasserstoffenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2344430A1 EP2344430A1 EP09778302A EP09778302A EP2344430A1 EP 2344430 A1 EP2344430 A1 EP 2344430A1 EP 09778302 A EP09778302 A EP 09778302A EP 09778302 A EP09778302 A EP 09778302A EP 2344430 A1 EP2344430 A1 EP 2344430A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flue gas
- reaction
- reactor
- zone
- halogenated aliphatic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 83
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 58
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 flue gas amine Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- DOJXGHGHTWFZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexachloroacetone Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl DOJXGHGHTWFZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGKMWBIFNQLOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Cl] Chemical class [O].[Cl] WGKMWBIFNQLOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 229960003920 cocaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007700 distillative separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/087—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J19/088—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/06—Flash distillation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/25—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C21/00—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms
- C07C21/02—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C07C21/04—Chloro-alkenes
- C07C21/06—Vinyl chloride
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00157—Controlling the temperature by means of a burner
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
- B01J2219/00222—Control algorithm taking actions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0894—Processes carried out in the presence of a plasma
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a particularly economical process and a device suitable for the production of ethylenically unsaturated halogen compounds by thermal cleavage of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, in particular the preparation of vinyl chloride by thermal cleavage of 1, 2-dichloroethane.
- the invention is directed to the saving of fuel in cracking furnaces for carrying out these cleavage reactions.
- VCM vinyl chloride
- EDC 1,2-dichloroethane
- VCM is mainly produced by thermal cleavage of EDC, with the implementation of the equation
- reaction tube which in turn is arranged in a gas or oil-fired furnace.
- the reaction is usually allowed to proceed to a conversion of 55-65%, based on the EDC used (in the following Feed-EDC).
- the temperature of the reaction mixture leaving the furnace (hereinafter referred to as furnace outlet temperature) is about 480 to 520 C C.
- the reaction is operated under pressure. Typical pressures at the inlet of the furnace amount to approx. 13-30 bar abs in today's processes.
- VCM is increasingly converted into secondary products such as acetylene and benzene, which in turn are precursors of coke deposits.
- secondary products such as acetylene and benzene, which in turn are precursors of coke deposits.
- the formation of coke deposits necessitates the shutdown and cleaning of the reactor at regular intervals.
- a conversion of 55%, based on the EDC used, has proven to be particularly advantageous in practice.
- the reaction tube is arranged centrally as a coil constructed of vertically stacked horizontal tubes, wherein the coil can be made one or two-speed.
- the tubes can be arranged either in alignment or offset.
- the furnaces are heated by burners arranged in rows in the furnace walls.
- the heat transfer to the reaction tubes is predominantly by wall and gas radiation, but also convective by the resulting during heating by burner flue gas.
- the EDC cleavage is carried out in other furnace types, with different arrangement of the reaction tubes and the burner.
- the part of the furnace in which the burners and the reaction tube are arranged and the cleavage reaction takes place is called the radiation zone.
- shock pipes or "shock zone” is common in technical terminology for these pipes or rows of pipes.
- the invention is in principle applicable to all furnace types and burner arrangements as well as to other ways of heating the reaction.
- a typical tube reactor used for EDC cleavage comprises a furnace and a reaction tube.
- a furnace fired with a primary energy source such as oil or gas, is divided into a so-called radiation zone and a convection zone.
- the heat required for the cleavage is transferred to the reaction tube mainly by radiation from the burner-heated furnace walls and the hot flue gas.
- the energy content of the hot, emerging from the radiation zone flue gases is used by convective heat transfer.
- the starting material of the cleavage reaction e.g. EDC
- preheated evaporated or overheated.
- generation of water vapor and / or the preheating of combustion air is possible.
- liquid EDC is first preheated in the convection zone of the cracking furnace and then evaporated in a special evaporator outside the cracking furnace.
- the vaporous EDC is then in turn fed to the convection zone and superheated there, preferably in the shock tubes, whereby the cleavage reaction can already begin.
- the EDC enters the radiation zone, where the conversion to vinyl chloride and hydrogen chloride takes place.
- the burners are usually arranged on the longitudinal and front sides of the furnace in superimposed rows, wherein the aim is to achieve the most uniform distribution of heat radiation along the circumference of the reaction tubes by the type and arrangement of the burner.
- the part of the furnace in which the burners and the reaction tubes are arranged and in which the predominant conversion of the cleavage reaction takes place is called the radiation zone.
- the actual reaction tubes are usually still rows of tubes whose tubes are preferably arranged horizontally next to each other. These are the shock pipes described above.
- reaction zone in the context of the invention, the reaction tubes located in the flow direction of the reaction gas following the shock zone, which are preferably arranged vertically aligned or offset one above the other, to understand.
- EDC electrospray
- the actual cleavage reaction takes place in the gaseous state of matter.
- the EDC is first preheated and then evaporated and possibly overheated.
- the vaporous EDC enters the reactor, where it is usually heated further in the shock pipes and finally enters the reaction zone, where at temperatures above about 400 0 C, the thermal cracking reaction begins.
- the invention is directed to a process which comprises vaporizing the feed EDC outside the cracking furnace by means of a separate apparatus.
- the sensible heat content of the reaction mixture leaving the cracking furnace is used to prepare the EDC used
- post-reaction zone The sum of the volumes of the pipe section from the exit from the cracking furnace until entry into the EDC evaporator and the cracked gas side of the EDC evaporator itself up to the outlet port of the EDC evaporator is referred to as "post-reaction zone" in the context of the invention.
- the heat of the hot smoke gas leaving the radiation zone is used in the convection zone, which adjoins the radiation zone and is arranged spatially above it, by convective heat transfer, whereby the following operations can be carried out:
- the evaporation of EDC in the convection zone is dispensed with in modern systems, since in this procedure, the evaporator tubes cocaine quickly, which reduces the economy of the process by shortening cleaning intervals.
- the apparatus combination of radiation and convection zone with the associated flue gas fireplace called the expert cracking furnace.
- the reaction mixture leaving the cracking furnace contains not only the desired product VCM but also HCl (hydrogen chloride) and unreacted EDC. These are separated in subsequent process steps and returned to the process. Furthermore, the reaction mixture contains by-products, which are also separated, worked up and further recycled or recycled back into the process. These relationships are known in the art.
- the by-products coke and tarry substances that arise over several reaction steps from low molecular weight by-products such as acetylene and benzene and settle in the coils of the cracking furnace (and in downstream equipment such as the EDC evaporator), where they a deterioration in the heat transfer, and, over the narrowing of the free cross-section, lead to an increase in the pressure loss.
- the thermal EDC cleavage is a radical chain reaction whose first step is the cleavage of a chlorine radical from an EDC molecule:
- a heterogeneous catalyst allows cleavage of a chlorine radical from the EDC molecule, e.g. by dissociative adsorption of the EDC
- Chemical initiators When using chemical initiators, either a chlorine atom is split off by reaction of the EDC with the initiator from the EDC molecule or the chlorine radicals are provided by decay of the initiator.
- Chemical initiators are, for example, elemental chlorine, bromine, iodine, elemental oxygen, chlorine compounds such as carbon tetrachloride (CCI 4 ) or chlorine oxygen compounds such as hexachloroacetone.
- Longhini discloses a process in which a promoter is introduced into the cleavage gas after exiting the cleavage furnace, i. in the post-reaction zone, is metered.
- the heat content of the fission gas is utilized in order to increase the total conversion of the EDC cleavage.
- this method is inferior measures to increase the space-time yield in the cracking furnace itself, since only after the exit from the cracking furnace in the gap gas stream still contained heat can be utilized and the usable amount of heat is limited when the heat of the cracked gas stream to evaporate the feed -EDC should be used.
- DE 102 19 723 A1 relates to a process for the addition of cleavage promoters in the preparation of unsaturated halogen-containing hydrocarbons. This document does not disclose details of the thermal design of the reactor.
- Object of the present invention is to provide a reactor with respect to conventional systems significantly reduced fuel consumption with comparable efficiency of the cleavage process.
- the invention relates to a process for the thermal cleavage of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons into ethylenically unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons in a reactor comprising reaction tubes extending through a convection zone and a radiation zone arranged downstream in the direction of flow of the reaction gas, one or more burners for heating the radiation zone in the radiation zone Has reaction tubes and wherein a arranged outside the reactor heating device for the halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon ("feed") is provided which is heated with the energy content of the exiting the reaction zone reaction gases with the measures a) the reaction tubes is a chemical promoter for the thermal cleavage supplied and / or within the reactor takes place at one or more locations a locally limited energy supply to promote the thermal cleavage in the reaction tubes, b) the amount of fuel for the burner (s) is reduced to such an extent that the conversion of the cleavage reaction to the operation without the chemical promoter and / or the localized energy supply does not change or changes by ⁇ 20%,
- the dew point of the flue gas at the outlet of the convection zone or in the flue gas serves as a reference variable for the control of the amount of fuel and / or for the regulation of the addition amount of the chemical promoter and / or for the regulation of the intensity of the localized energy supply.
- the heat from the cooling of the flue gas below its dew point and the heat of condensation of the flue gas is used.
- the heat exchange takes place in measure e2) preferably at the outlet of the flue gas from the convection zone.
- the method according to the invention may include the measures e1) or e2) or a combination of the measures e1) and e2).
- the method according to the invention preferably comprises the measure e1).
- Measure e1 is used in particular for fuels with medium or high proportions of acid-forming components. However, this measure can also be used for fuels with a low proportion of acid-forming components.
- Measure e2 is particularly applicable to fuels with a low content of acid-forming components. However, this measure can also be used for fuels with medium or high proportions of acid-forming components.
- the invention further relates, in one embodiment, to an apparatus for thermal cracking of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons to ethylenically unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons, comprising a reactor comprising reaction tubes extending through a convection zone and through a downstream radiant zone in the flow direction of the reaction gas, one or more of which being in the radiation zone
- a burner is provided for heating the reaction tubes, and which comprises a heating device for the halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon ("feed") arranged outside the reactor, which is heated with the energy content of the reaction gases leaving the radiation zone, with the elements:
- the invention further relates, in a further embodiment, to an apparatus for the thermal cleavage of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons to ethylenically unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons
- a reactor which comprises reaction tubes extending through a convection zone and through a radiation zone arranged downstream in the direction of flow of the reaction gas, wherein an or in the radiation zone a plurality of burners are provided for heating the reaction tubes, and comprising a heating device for the halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon ("feed") arranged outside the reactor, which is heated with the energy content of the reaction gases leaving the radiation zone, with the above-defined elements A), B), C) and D) and additionally
- At least one heat exchanger for recovering waste heat from the condensation of the flue gas for preheating the combustion air.
- the means for determining the molar reaction of the cleavage reaction is in a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention downstream of the exit of the cracked gas from the heating device for the halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon attached or at the top of a quench column.
- the consumption of fuel of a cracking furnace can be considerably reduced while maintaining the efficiency of the splitting process, if at one or more points of the reaction zone a chemical promoter added or an equivalent physical measure for the initiation of the cleavage reaction, such as the coupling of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, is used.
- the amount of fuel to the furnace can be reduced so much that the conversion of the cleavage reaction does not change from the initial state.
- the dew point of the flue gas at the outlet of the convection zone can be determined and used as a guide for controlling the amount of fuel or for controlling the addition amount of a split promoter or the intensity of another measure for initiating the cracking reaction or for the simultaneous control of both of these sizes.
- the conversion of the cleavage reaction can be used as a control variable to control the control of the amount of fuel and / or the control of the addition amount of a cleavage promoter and / or the intensity of another measure to initiate the cleavage reaction.
- Splitting process can also be significantly reduced if, in addition to the addition of the chemical promoter or the implementation of an equivalent physical measure to initiate the cleavage reaction, and the reduction of the amount of fuel to the furnace without changing the conversion of the cleavage reaction to the initial state, the waste heat contained in the flue gas and recovered is used to preheat the combustion air.
- the supply of chemical promoter for the thermal cleavage can take place anywhere.
- the promoter may be added to the feed, preferably to the gaseous feed.
- the promoter is supplied to the shock or in particular the reaction tubes in the radiation zone.
- the localized power supply to promote thermal cracking occurs within the reactor at one or more locations in the reaction tubes.
- the method according to the invention is described by way of example on the system EDC / VC. It is also suitable for the production of other halogenated unsaturated carbon Hydrogens from halogen-containing saturated hydrocarbons. All these reactions have in common that the cleavage is a radical chain reaction, in addition to the desired product unwanted by-products are formed, which lead to a coking of plants in continuous operation.
- the preparation of vinyl chloride from 1, 2-dichloroethane.
- thermal limited energy supply for promoting the thermal cleavage into the reaction tubes is to be understood as meaning physical measures which are capable of initiating the cleavage reaction. It may be z. B. to the coupling of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, the local supply of thermal or non-thermal plasmas, such as hot inert gases.
- Reaction tubes in the radiation zone are known to the person skilled in the art. These are usually feed lines which allow the introduction of predetermined amounts of chemical promoters in the feed gas stream.
- Means for supplying chemical promoters for the thermal cracking at one or more points of the radiation zone in the reaction tubes are also known in the art. These are also usually also supply lines, which allow the introduction of predetermined amounts of chemical promoters in the reaction tubes in the height of the radiation zone. These feed lines may have nozzles at the reactor end. Preferably, one or more of these feed lines open in the direction of flow of the reaction gas in the first third of the radiation zone into the pipelines.
- Means for supplying locally limited energy for the formation of radicals in the reaction tubes at one or more locations of the radiation zone are the
- Skilled person also known. It may also be from leads, which optionally have nozzles on the reactor side, on the thermal or non-thermal plasma in the height of the radiation zone is passed into the reaction tubes; or it may be windows, is coupled via the electromagnetic radiation or particle radiation in the height of the radiation zone in the reaction tubes. Preferably, one or more of these feed lines open in the direction of flow of the reaction gas in the first third of the radiation zone into the pipelines; or in the first third, the windows for coupling the radiation are attached.
- Means for selecting the amount of the chemical promoter and / or the intensity of the localized energy supply to form radicals in the reaction tubes are also known in the art. These are generally control loops in which a leader is used to control the quantity or intensity. As a reference variable according to a variant of the present invention, the dew point of the flue gas is used at the outlet of the convection zone.
- the addition of the promoter reduces the proportion of sensible heat in the total heat absorbed in the radiation zone in favor of the heat of reaction. As a result, with constant heating of the furnace, the conversion of the reaction increases.
- the increase in sales up to a certain limit is a function of the metered amount of promoter. Above this limit, no further increase in sales can be achieved by the addition of further promoter. This effect was z. B described in DE-AS-1, 210,800.
- the conversion of the reaction decreases again, but at the same time the amount and the temperature of the flue gas. It must be ensured that the heat content of the flue gas is still sufficient to allow preheating of process media in the convection zone.
- the dew point of the flue gas must not be exceeded after exiting the convection zone or in the chimney in order to avoid condensation and the associated corrosive attack; or the dew point of the flue gas is deliberately undershot by the use of one or more heat exchangers, and the condensate is discharged from the or the heat exchanger (s).
- the dew point of the flue gas is determined. This can be done batchwise or preferably continuously. The determination of the dew point can be done by determining the water content of the flue gas; From these analytical values, in turn, the dew point of the flue gas can be calculated. The dew point is used as a reference variable for the control of the amount of fuel or the amount of promoter or the intensity of the local energy supply or more of these variables.
- design reserves of the heat exchange surface in the convection zone can be utilized in existing plants.
- New systems can be dimensioned by appropriate dimensioning of the heat exchange surfaces in the convection zone from the outset for better heat utilization.
- the inventive method can therefore be applied to new plants, wherein the heat exchange surface in the convection zone is then dimensioned for lower temperature differences.
- reserve areas of the convection zone can be utilized or increased as far as possible by installing additional space.
- the flue gas is sucked off after leaving the convection zone by a flue gas blower and transferred into one or more heat exchangers, where it is condensed.
- the waste heat is used to heat the burner air or other media.
- the resulting condensate is optionally worked up and discharged from the process.
- the remaining gaseous constituents of the flue gas are optionally purified and discharged into the atmosphere.
- electrochemical cells are introduced at one or more points of the shock pipes or tubes in the reaction zone.
- irradiated magnetic radiation of a suitable wavelength or particle radiation or it is added to a chemical promoter or it is a combination of these measures.
- the addition may also take place in the feed line of the feed, preferably the gaseous feed, in particular to the EDC after the EDC evaporator, for entry into the cracking furnace, but most preferably in the radiation zone.
- the localized energy supply for the formation of radicals by electromagnetic radiation or by particle radiation is effected;
- the electromagnetic radiation is particularly preferably ultraviolet laser light.
- the chemical promoter may be diluted with a gas that is inert with respect to the cleavage reaction, with the use of hydrogen chloride being preferred.
- the amount of inert gas used as diluent should not exceed 5 mol% of the feed stream.
- the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation or of the particle radiation or the amount of the chemical promoter is adjusted so that the molar conversion, based on the feed used, at the gap-side outlet of the feed evaporator is between 50 and 65%, preferably between 52 and 57%.
- the temperature of the reactor leaving the reaction mixture is lowered compared to conventional methods and is between 400 C C and 470 0 C.
- the inventive method is particularly preferably used for the thermal cleavage of 1, 2-dichloroethane to vinyl chloride.
- the process according to the invention also includes, as a further process step, the evaporation of the liquid feed, for example the liquid EDC, before it enters the radiation zone of the cracking furnace.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is directed to a process in which the sensible heat of the fission gas is utilized to provide liquid, preheated feed, e.g. EDC to evaporate before entering the radiation zone, wherein preferably a heat exchanger is used, as has already been described in EP 276,775 A2. It is particularly important to ensure that on the one hand the fission gas is still hot enough when leaving the cracking furnace to vaporize with its sensible heat content, the total amount of feed and on the other hand, the temperature of the fission gas on entering this heat exchanger a minimum value not lower proceeds to prevent the condensation of tarry substances in the heat exchanger tubes.
- the temperature of the cracking gas at the outlet from the cracking furnace is so low that the heat content of the cracking gas is insufficient to completely vaporize the feed.
- the missing portion of vaporous feed is produced by flash evaporation of liquid feed into a container, preferably in the Ausdampfgefäß a heat exchanger, as described in EP 276,775 A2. The preheating of the liquid feed takes place advantageously in the convection zone of
- the heat content of the cracking gas is used to evaporate by indirect heat exchange at least 80% of the feed used, without the fission gas thereby partially or completely condensed.
- liquid halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon with the hot, containing the ethylenically unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbon product gas leaving the reactor indirectly heated, evaporated and introduced the resulting gaseous educt gas into the reactor, wherein the liquid halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon in a first container with the product gas is heated to boiling and transferred from there to a second container in which it is partially evaporated without further heating at a lower pressure than in the first container, the vaporized educt gas fed into the reactor and the unvaporized halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon in the first Container is returned.
- the halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon is heated prior to feeding into the second vessel in the convection zone of the reactor with the flue gas which produces the burner heating the reactor.
- Particularly preferred is a procedure in which the entire feed used is vaporized by indirect heat exchange with the cleavage gas, without the cleavage gas thereby partially or completely condensed.
- the residual amount of feed is preferably evaporated by flash evaporation in a container, wherein the feed previously in the liquid state in the convection zone of the cracking furnace is preheated.
- a container for flash evaporation while the Ausdampfgefäß a heat exchanger is preferably used, as he z. As described in EP 264.065 A1.
- Cleavage reaction downstream after the exit of the cracked gas from the EDC evaporator or at the top of the quench column determined, for example with an on-line analyzer, preferably by means of an online gas chromatograph.
- the amount of fuel can be distributed both to unequal parts and preferably in equal parts on the rows of burners of the furnace.
- the economy of the process is also influenced by the sum of the pressure losses of the cracking furnace (consisting of convection and radiation zone), the heat exchanger for the evaporation of the feed, and any quenching system ("quench column") which should be as small as possible in the distillative separation of cleavage products, they must be condensed at the top of a column, a chiller being used to cool the condenser, the greater the sum of the pressure losses over the entire "thermal cleavage" system, the lower the pressure at the top of the column and the separated cleavage product, such as HCl, must be condensed at a correspondingly lower temperature, resulting in increased specific energy consumption of the chiller, which in turn adversely affects the economics of the overall process.
- quench column any quenching system
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008049262.0A DE102008049262B4 (de) | 2008-09-26 | 2008-09-26 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von ethylenisch ungesättigten halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen |
PCT/EP2009/006382 WO2010034395A1 (de) | 2008-09-26 | 2009-09-03 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von ethylenisch ungesättigten halogenierten kohlenwasserstoffen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2344430A1 true EP2344430A1 (de) | 2011-07-20 |
Family
ID=41558962
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09778302A Withdrawn EP2344430A1 (de) | 2008-09-26 | 2009-09-03 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von ethylenisch ungesättigten halogenierten kohlenwasserstoffen |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110237848A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2344430A1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20110079678A (de) |
CN (1) | CN102177114A (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0919023A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102008049262B4 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2011116392A (de) |
TW (1) | TW201026637A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2010034395A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA201101614B (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
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DE102019206154A1 (de) * | 2019-04-30 | 2020-11-05 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Vinylchlorid aus 1,2-Dichlorethan |
DE102019206155A1 (de) * | 2019-04-30 | 2020-11-05 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Vinylchlorid aus 1,2-Dichlorethan |
Family Cites Families (21)
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US2378859A (en) | 1941-08-08 | 1945-06-19 | Distillers Co Yeast Ltd | Splitting-off of hydrogen halide from halogenated hydrocarbons |
DE857957C (de) | 1950-12-27 | 1952-12-04 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vinylchlorid aus Dichloraethanen |
DE1210800B (de) | 1964-03-03 | 1966-02-17 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vinylchlorid durch thermische Spaltung von Dichloraethan |
GB1225210A (de) | 1969-08-01 | 1971-03-17 | ||
DE2130297B2 (de) | 1971-06-18 | 1975-01-30 | Chemische Werke Huels Ag, 4370 Marl | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vinylclorid |
DE2235212B2 (de) * | 1972-07-18 | 1976-04-15 | Taupunktmesser | |
AR219135A1 (es) | 1977-11-18 | 1980-07-31 | Goodrich Co B F | Procedimiento para producir cloruro de vinilo |
DE3008848C2 (de) | 1980-03-07 | 1984-05-17 | Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., 3400 Göttingen | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbindungen mit wenigstens einer olefinischen Doppelbindung |
DE2938353C2 (de) | 1979-09-21 | 1983-05-05 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., 3400 Göttingen | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbindungen mit wenigstens einer olefinischen Doppelbindung |
DE3328691A1 (de) | 1983-08-09 | 1985-02-21 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur thermischen spaltung von 1,2-dichlorethan |
US4584420A (en) | 1984-06-25 | 1986-04-22 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method for producing vinyl chloride |
US4590318A (en) | 1984-11-23 | 1986-05-20 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method for producing vinyl chloride |
EP0195719B1 (de) | 1985-03-20 | 1989-09-13 | Elf Atochem S.A. | Kontinuierliches Verfahren zur Spaltung von 1,2-Dichlorethan |
DE3704028A1 (de) | 1986-10-10 | 1988-04-14 | Uhde Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von vinylchlorid durch thermische spaltung von 1,2-dichlorethan |
DE3702438A1 (de) | 1987-01-28 | 1988-08-11 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von vinylchlorid durch thermische spaltung von 1,2-dichlorethan |
DE4228593A1 (de) | 1992-08-27 | 1994-03-03 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vinylchlorid |
FR2791055B1 (fr) * | 1999-03-19 | 2001-06-01 | Krebs Speichim | Procede et unite de production de chlorure de vinyle par cracking thermique de 1,2-dichloroethane |
EP1389175B1 (de) | 2001-05-19 | 2006-07-26 | Siemens AG | Verfahren zur durchführung von radikalischen gasphasenreaktionen |
DE10219723B4 (de) * | 2002-05-02 | 2005-06-09 | Uhde Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung ungesättigter halogenhaltiger Kohlenwasserstoffe sowie dafür geeignete Vorrichung |
DE10326248A1 (de) * | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-30 | Vinnolit Gmbh & Co. Kg. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vinylchlorid durch thermische Spaltung von 1,2-Dichlorethan |
DE10319811A1 (de) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-11-18 | Uhde Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Einkoppeln von elektromagnetischer Strahlung in einen Reaktor sowie Reaktor enthaltend diese Vorrichtung |
-
2008
- 2008-09-26 DE DE102008049262.0A patent/DE102008049262B4/de active Active
-
2009
- 2009-09-03 RU RU2011116392/04A patent/RU2011116392A/ru unknown
- 2009-09-03 KR KR1020117009456A patent/KR20110079678A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-09-03 WO PCT/EP2009/006382 patent/WO2010034395A1/de active Application Filing
- 2009-09-03 EP EP09778302A patent/EP2344430A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-09-03 CN CN2009801375420A patent/CN102177114A/zh active Pending
- 2009-09-03 US US12/998,173 patent/US20110237848A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-09-03 BR BRPI0919023A patent/BRPI0919023A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-09-08 TW TW098130226A patent/TW201026637A/zh unknown
-
2011
- 2011-03-02 ZA ZA2011/01614A patent/ZA201101614B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2010034395A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2010034395A1 (de) | 2010-04-01 |
RU2011116392A (ru) | 2012-11-10 |
DE102008049262A1 (de) | 2010-04-22 |
ZA201101614B (en) | 2011-11-30 |
KR20110079678A (ko) | 2011-07-07 |
DE102008049262B4 (de) | 2016-03-17 |
TW201026637A (en) | 2010-07-16 |
US20110237848A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
BRPI0919023A2 (pt) | 2015-12-08 |
CN102177114A (zh) | 2011-09-07 |
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