EP2335837B1 - Dispositif et procédé de séparation de morceaux lourds produits avec des compositions non souhaitées - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de séparation de morceaux lourds produits avec des compositions non souhaitées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2335837B1
EP2335837B1 EP10015430.1A EP10015430A EP2335837B1 EP 2335837 B1 EP2335837 B1 EP 2335837B1 EP 10015430 A EP10015430 A EP 10015430A EP 2335837 B1 EP2335837 B1 EP 2335837B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conveyor belt
detection
detection device
lump
lumps
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP10015430.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2335837A1 (fr
Inventor
Hartmut Harbeck
Volker Rehrmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tomra Sorting GmbH
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Tomra Sorting GmbH
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Application filed by Tomra Sorting GmbH filed Critical Tomra Sorting GmbH
Priority to PL10015430T priority Critical patent/PL2335837T3/pl
Publication of EP2335837A1 publication Critical patent/EP2335837A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
    • B07C5/3425—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain
    • B07C5/3427—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain by changing or intensifying the optical properties prior to scanning, e.g. by inducing fluorescence under UV or x-radiation, subjecting the material to a chemical reaction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/04—Sorting according to size
    • B07C5/10—Sorting according to size measured by light-responsive means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for separating heavy, accumulating with undesirable compositions chunks of changing composition, for example, from shredded material, in which also electric motors and the like were shredded, according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • Devices for separating bulk materials with small, comparatively homogeneous, particles are from a large number of patents, for example also from the patent EP 1 253 981 the applicant known.
  • the sorting material to be separated now differs in that comparatively large, far more than a kilo heavy, so mainly occurring with a density such as metals chunks are to be examined in their composition, either because they are lumps of unknown consistency , or have been brought into a lump form by humans - for example, when a motor vehicle was shredded, with materials of very different consistency clump together - and are also of the outer shape in a very large variance range.
  • Shredded material can vary from small electric motor parts, such as wire spools to metal strips, to starter motors damaged only slightly in the housing.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, large mass flows, relatively large particles whose size can vary greatly, from less than a coin to significantly larger than bottles, the dimensions of which may also be elongated in particular, and then exceed the dimensions of bottles on a fast conveyor belt (with typical 3m / s) in the shortest time (typically 20ms measuring time) to recognize correctly. Problems with low count rates due to the short measuring time, a relative movement of the chunks on the fast conveyor belt, inclined surfaces of the chunks and possibly also existing topographies of the chunks with overhanging areas of a (previous) enclosure have to be mastered.
  • the device of the invention has been designed.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out particularly advantageously with this device.
  • the device for separating heavy, with undesirable compositions accumulating chunks of scrap-like, uneven conveyed with a arranged on a conveyor detection device which - after interposition of a provided with a powerful computer control - a subsequent separating device can provide the information on which of various possible transport routes the respective chunks are to be routed.
  • the detection device consists in addition to fluorescence sensors, which can easily recognize different fluorescence characteristics of different materials, in particular different metals, in particular optical and / or electromagnetic sensors, which are arranged optically above, electromagnetically below the conveyor belt in a suitable number to a ten times better location Resolution as the above the conveyor belt provided, first detectors that respond to X-ray fluorescence radiation to achieve.
  • an X-ray tube is provided in a "sensor box" shielding the detectors and irradiates the area of the conveyor belt which is surveyed by the detection sensors with X-radiation for triggering X-ray fluorescence.
  • the X-ray fluorescence sensors which are comparatively less spatially sensitive due to their physical properties, are now arranged side by side in a row, so that they can detect small particles lying on the conveyor belt substantially without overlapping.
  • the x-ray fluorescence sensors must be arranged as close as possible to the conveyor belt, but on the other hand sufficient free space must be left for at least the largest chunks to be expected, this means that the top of already medium chunks is only half as far from the detectors so that they are then detected by a detector only at about half their upper surface.
  • the aperture angle determined by the aperture of the detectors so that at least objects half the ⁇ ffnugsweite, eg 10 cm large objects are still fully covered with their entire surface of the juxtaposed detectors.
  • the spatial resolution (50-100 mm) obtained by these detectors is not sufficient to cause an ejection.
  • an electromagnetic detection by sensors arranged below the conveyor belt which results in a ten times better resolution (for example 3 mm) is preferred.
  • two rows of sensors with offset from one another can be provided and the sensor response of a sensor can be increased by taking into account the response of its neighboring sensor in the spatial resolution.
  • the values determined by the X-ray fluorescence detectors are assigned to each particle passing through the detection area, and then due to the conversion of the X-ray fluorescence radiation to the illuminated area of the particle, the result of the X-ray fluorescence measurement is weighted accordingly.
  • the in the Fig. 1 shown eight detectors 10 are spaced from each other only a little more than their dimensions, for example 75 mm. Of the conveyor belt 12, for example, they are 270 mm, that is, a multiple of removed, so that objects that are, for example, 10 cm high, are still detected by the narrow-opening detection angles in their entirety. However, if a twice as large article were conveyed through beneath the detectors, it would be readily apparent that only one-third of the reduced area of the article is still being examined.
  • the X-ray tube 16 to recognize. This is designed with, for example, 35 KeV and a maximum of 1 KW power to generate enough signal, but on the other hand not to get into power ranges in which the shielding problem makes the sensor device too heavy.
  • Lead plates are provided to detect the X-ray radiation to the side due to the thick black lines near the Abstrahlf kauers the X-ray tube.
  • Another lead plate again shields the detectors 10 from the X-ray tube 16, so that they only detect the X-ray fluorescence radiation light reflected by the examination material.
  • the signal result can be enhanced.
  • the device for separating heavy, with undesirable compositions accumulating chunks of scrap-like, non-uniform conveyed with a arranged on a conveyor belt detection device which is a Broken to different transport channels conductive separating device is arranged, essential to the invention by a detection device a plurality of transversely to the conveyor belt transport direction above the conveyor belt at a distance greater than the expected height of the chunks arranged X-ray fluorescence detectors shown, each narrow in the direction of arrangement, in the Further location-resolving electromagnetic sensors are provided below the conveyor belts for detecting the contours and / or mass of the chunks, wherein an X-ray tube arranged above the detectors exposes the chunks in the area of the detection sectors to X-ray radiation, and the detection direction the detectors is inclined in each case to the vertical, so that the emission direction X-ray radiation is inclined starting from the X-ray tube, so that between the at gives directions an upwardly open angle in the range of 5 - 38 °.
  • Another advantage is that an angle of 15-20 ° is provided symmetrically to the perpendicular between the detection direction of the detectors and the emission direction of the X-ray radiation from the X-ray tube.
  • a common, stable, dustproof and airtight, electrically shielded housing will receive the detectors and the X-ray tube, with a vertical partition wall between them with X-ray absorbing material for the direct entry of X-radiation prevents the detectors.
  • the sensors for mass detection are in a preferred embodiment electromagnetic sensors, the detection coils are arranged below the conveyor belt.
  • An alternative embodiment uses optical sensors as outline-recognizing sensors, which are arranged above the conveyor belt.
  • a contour-recognizing sensor can serve a camera that provides a flat high-resolution image of more than 800x600 pixels from then in time with the observation (eg at 3 m / s tape speed in the 1 KHz clock or every 1 ms) a contour line recorded and is further evaluated.
  • the information thus acquired is referred to in the literature as 3D information.
  • the particle can be assigned to a mass (e.g., assigned to a mass class) that allows one to deduce from the level of fluorescence radiation the content of an undesired composition in the chunk. In this way, small chunks with a high undesirable content of large chunks with a comparatively low percentage content can be distinguished.
  • a mass e.g., assigned to a mass class
  • the method for separating chunks of the decision logic allow detected mass and / or dimension profiles to be predefined classes of objects (cf. Fig. 6 ), whose material properties have been previously known for individual classes or from previous ones Determined fluorescence measurements averaged, for outputting the separating device driving signal.
  • the second detection device comprises a laser 40, in any case a bright, line-like light source, which illuminates an illumination line across the conveyor belt onto the conveyed material, which in turn is detected two-dimensionally as a contour line with a camera.
  • the second detection device 42 may comprise the laser (s) projecting substantially perpendicularly to the chunk and the camera receiving the illumination image with a viewing direction substantially in the direction of the conveyor belt, or viewing the camera substantially perpendicular to the chunk and the laser a beam direction slightly inclined to the direction of the conveyor belt generating an illumination image in the camera field of view.
  • the second detection device irradiate the laser or lasers approximately at 45 ° to the vertical and the conveying direction on the chunks and the camera with a viewing direction at the same angle to the transport direction of the conveyor belt, wherein the angle to the conveyor belt approximately transversely to a Detection line are arranged transversely to the conveyor belt, so for example, that the second detection device or the laser approximately 45 ° Angle radiates and an angle of 90 ° between observation and Aufstrahlraum lies.
  • the second detection device is designed in the form of spatially resolving, electromagnetic sensors (not shown) below the conveyor belt 12 for detecting the contours and / or mass of the chunks.
  • the first detection device should be provided at an angle deviating from the vertical angle of 8-19 ° symmetrically to the likewise inclined beam direction of the X-ray tube in order to limit overhanging effects (shadowing) and inclined surfaces of Brocken as far as possible in their deterioration of the measurement result. It is also advantageous for reasons of correct triangulation to choose a small angle, since otherwise the X-rays fluorescence before or after the optimal observation position - depending on the deviation of the height of the Brocken from a mediocrity (see. Fig. 2 ).
  • angles of the first and second detection devices are the same, ie, approximately all selected at 15 ° in order to obtain congruent information.
  • a range of 8 - 19 ° to the vertical seems suitable.

Landscapes

  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Dispositif de séparation de morceaux lourds d'un produit à convoyer ayant des composants non souhaités et qui présentent des tailles et formes très variables, avec
    - un dispositif de détection (10, 16 ; 40, 42) disposé sur la bande de convoyage (12),
    - un dispositif de séparation disposé en aval et dirigeant les morceaux sur différentes voies de transport,
    - un tube à rayons X (16) placé au-dessus de détecteurs qui expose à un rayonnement X les morceaux dans la zone de détection, et
    - un dispositif de détection qui présente une pluralité de détecteurs à fluorescence X (10),
    caractérisé en ce que
    - la pluralité de détecteurs à fluorescence X (10) du premier dispositif de détection est disposée transversalement à la direction de transport de la bande de convoyage,
    - les détecteurs à fluorescence X (10) sont disposés au-dessus de la bande de convoyage (12) à une distance supérieure à la hauteur attendue des morceaux, les détecteurs à fluorescence X possédant chacun de fins secteurs de détection limités dans la direction du dispositif et ne se chevauchant essentiellement pas au niveau de la bande de convoyage (12),
    - au moins un deuxième dispositif de détection est prévu pour la détection des dimensions de chaque morceau, et
    - une logique de décision assistée par ordinateur délivre un signal sur la base des résultats des informations livrées par les deux dispositifs de détection au sujet du contour et de la quantité de la fluorescence sur la voie de transport de chaque morceau, lequel signal commande le dispositif de séparation.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième dispositif de détection comprend en dessous de la bande de convoyage (12) des capteurs électromagnétiques à résolution locale pour relever les dimensions et les masses de morceaux de découpe ou de minerai pesant plus d'un kilo.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième dispositif de détection comprend un laser (40) qui projette sur le produit à convoyer une ligne d'éclairage transversalement à la bande de convoyage, laquelle ligne est détectée en deux dimensions par une caméra (42).
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le ou les lasers (40) du deuxième dispositif de détection émettent un rayonnement essentiellement verticalement sur un morceau et la caméra (42) présente une direction de visée essentiellement en direction de la bande de convoyage pour enregistrer l'image éclairée.
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième dispositif de détection présente la caméra (42) visant essentiellement verticalement sur un morceau et présente le ou les lasers (40) avec une direction de rayonnement légèrement inclinée en direction de la bande de convoyage en générant une image éclairée en 3D dans le champ de vision de la caméra.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième dispositif de détection comprend le ou les lasers (40) éclairant un morceau sous un angle proche de 45° par rapport à la verticale et à la direction de convoyage et la caméra (42) avec une direction de visée d'un même angle par rapport à la direction de convoyage de la bande de convoyage, les angles par rapport à la bande de convoyage étant essentiellement transversaux à une ligne de détection transversale à la bande de convoyage.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième dispositif de détection capte le ou les lasers avec un angle proche de 45°, et la direction d'observation et la direction de captage forment un angle de 90°.
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 1-2, caractérisé en ce que le premier dispositif de détection est prévu sous un angle déviant légèrement de la verticale de 8 à 19° symétriquement à la direction de rayonnement également inclinée des tubes à rayon X, et le deuxième dispositif de détection présente le même angle de 8 à 19° par rapport à la verticale, c'est-à-dire que la direction d'observation et la direction de captage forment un angle compris entre 16 et 38° de sorte qu'il y a une même géométrie de captage et de détection.
  9. Procédé de séparation de morceaux lourds d'un produit à convoyer avec des composants non souhaités et des tailles et formes très variables, avec
    - une détection sur une bande de convoyage (12),
    - une séparation disposée en aval et dirigeant les morceaux sur différentes voies de transport,
    - un éclairage aux rayons X des morceaux dans la zone de détection,
    - un dispositif de détection présentant une pluralité de détecteurs à fluorescence X (10),
    caractérisé en ce que
    - la détection est réalisée simultanément dans une pluralité de détecteurs à fluorescence X (10) du premier dispositif de détection transversalement à la direction de transport de la bande de convoyage, les premiers dispositifs de détection établissant, dans de fins secteurs de détection limités dans la direction du dispositif et ne se chevauchant essentiellement pas au niveau de la bande de convoyage, une vue générale d'une partie de fenêtre de détection correspondante,
    - au moins un deuxième dispositif de détection saisit les dimensions de chaque morceau, les contours du morceau étant déterminés dans son étendue transversalement à la bande de convoyage et dans l'ensemble de la fenêtre de détection par des signaux de capteurs électromagnétiques à résolution locale et/ou par des lignes de niveau générées par optique laser,
    - un logique de décision assistée par ordinateur délivre un signal sur la base des résultats des informations livrées par les deux dispositifs de détection au sujet du contour et de la quantité de la fluorescence sur la voie de transport de chaque morceau, lequel signal commande le dispositif de séparation,
    - un profil de niveau de la ligne de détection étant disponible au moins à chaque moment de détection de la fluorescence, les dimensions correspondantes des morceaux dans la direction du convoyage étant définies dans la logique de décision à l'aide des profiles de niveau/dimensions qui servent à attribuer en fonction des mesures les signaux de capteur reçus des différents capteurs de fluorescence à un morceau, pour générer dans la logique de décision un signal commandant le dispositif de séparation pour chaque morceau.
  10. Procédé de séparation de morceaux selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les masses des morceaux sont déterminées dans l'ensemble de la fenêtre de détection dans son étendue transversale à la bande de convoyage par des signaux de capteurs électromagnétiques à résolution locale, les différentes mesures des morceaux en direction du convoyage étant définies dans la logique de décision à l'aide des profiles de niveau/dimension et masse, qui servent en fonction des mesures à attribuer les signaux de capteur reçus des différents capteurs de fluorescence à un morceau pour générer le signal commandant le dispositif de séparation.
  11. Procédé de séparation de morceaux selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que, pour l'émission du signal commandant le dispositif de séparation, la logique de décision attribue les profiles saisis de masse et de dimension à des classes prédéfinies d'objets dont les propriétés de matériau sont reprises à partir de données connues des différentes classes ou connues des moyennes de mesures par fluorescence précédentes.
EP10015430.1A 2009-12-08 2010-12-08 Dispositif et procédé de séparation de morceaux lourds produits avec des compositions non souhaitées Revoked EP2335837B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL10015430T PL2335837T3 (pl) 2009-12-08 2010-12-08 Urządzenie i sposób oddzielania ciężkich kawałków złomu z niepożądanymi składnikami

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009057119A DE102009057119A1 (de) 2009-12-08 2009-12-08 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Abtrennung von schweren, mit unerwünschten Zusammensetzungen anfallenden Brocken

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP2335837A1 EP2335837A1 (fr) 2011-06-22
EP2335837B1 true EP2335837B1 (fr) 2013-06-12

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EP10015430.1A Revoked EP2335837B1 (fr) 2009-12-08 2010-12-08 Dispositif et procédé de séparation de morceaux lourds produits avec des compositions non souhaitées

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EP (1) EP2335837B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009057119A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2427398T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2335837T3 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
EP2335837A1 (fr) 2011-06-22
DE102009057119A1 (de) 2011-06-09
PL2335837T3 (pl) 2013-11-29
ES2427398T3 (es) 2013-10-30

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