Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
  • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
  • F23C7/008—Flow control devices
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
  • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
  • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
  • F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
  • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
  • F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
  • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
  • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
  • F23L2900/07006—Control of the oxygen supply
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
  • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

• the present invention relates to burners, and more particularly to burners that mix air or oxygen with a gaseous or evaporated fuel.
• Burners that use gaseous fuel or liquid fuel are used in many applications including boilers, line heaters, furnaces, other gas fired appliances, and in many others. Basically, these burners introduce a gaseous fuel or liquid fuel into a stream of air or oxygen. If liquid fuel is used, it must be vapourized or atomized first. The resulting flow of fuel and air or oxygen is ignited and exits the nozzle of the burner either as a visible flame or as a stream of an extremely hot gaseous mixture.
• United States Patent No. 7,429, 173 issued September 30, 2008, to Lanary et aL discloses a gas burner for use in a furnace and a method of burning gas in a furnace, especially but not exclusively a process furnace used in an oil cracking or refining process.
• the gas burner comprises two passageways with adjacent outlets.
• the first passageway is in fluid communication with a source of pressurised fuel gas and has an aperture through which recirculated flue gas can eater the first passageway and the second passageway is in fluid communication with a source of air.
• fuel gas is injected into the first passageway and recirculated flue gas is thereby drawn into the first passageway so that it mixes with the fuel gas.
• Fuel gas is partially combusted and a mixture of partially combusted fuel gas and recirculated flue gas flows up the first passageway and comes into contact with air from the second passageway and combusts.
• the use of recirculated flue gas keeps down the level of NOx emissions and as the recirculated flue gas is sucked into the first passageway by the pressurised fuel gas flow, it is not necessary to provide complex pumping mechanisms.
• the burner is for installation in a furnace having a mixing chamber defined by at least a furnace front wall, two side walls, a top wall and a bottom wall as well as heat transfer pipes through which a heat transfer medium flows and which are arranged on at least one of the top, bottom and side walls.
• the burner assembly is mounted to the furnace front wall and has a tubular member with an open distal end that is located inside the mixing chamber. The other end of the tubular member is attached to the furnace front wall.
• Several combustion air ports extend into the tubular member from the other proximal end thereof, and are coupled to a source of combustion air.
• Several fuel gas discharge; nozzles also extend into the tubular member from the other end thereof and are coupled to a fuel source.
• Furnace gas openings formed in the tubular member are spaced apart from the distal end, are arranged about the tubular member's periphery, and are located relative to the mixing chamber so that furnace gases circulate past some of the heat transfer pipes before they reach the furnace gas openings to thereby form a mixture of combustion air, fuel gas and furnace gas.
• a spinner at the distal end of the tubular member creates a recirculation zone fbr the mixture downstream of the spinner and the tubular member.
• Fuel Modification Fuel Rich Reactor (FMFRR) zone gases are brought together with products from a Fuel Lean Reactor (FMR) zone in a low temperature burnout and NOx reduction reactor zone.
• the fuel modification fuel rich reactor stabilizes combustion through recirculation of hot gases to the reactants.
• Nitrogenous species decay reactions in the fuel rich zone controls the production ofNOx.
• the nitrogenous species from the fuel rich zone and the MOx from the fuel lean zone then react in the burnout zone at an. optimal temperature and nitrogenous species mix where NOx is minimized.
• Temperature Ln all zones, and in particular the burnout zone, can be controlled by furnace gas entrainment, induced flue gas recirculation, forced flue gas recirculation and active cooling by radiative and/or convective heat transfer. NOx can be even further reduced by introducing ammonia, or a like ammo species, into the low temperature burnout zone. By balancing combustion and emissions control reactions over several zones, low emissions can be achieved under good flame stability, turndown, heat transfer and noise characteristics. [00016] It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel nozzle for use in a burner, wherein the fuel nozzle causes the burner Io burn fuel very efficiently.
• a novel fuel nozzle for use in a burner.
• the fuel nozzle comprises a main body having an inlet end and an outlet end and defining a longitudinal axis extending between the inlet end and the outlet end.
• a fuel passageway has a fuel receiving inlet, and a fuel emitting outlet for delivering fuel to a mixing chamber of the burner.
• a first air flow channel has an inlet, and an outlet disposed adjacent the fuel emitting outlet for delivering air to the mixing chamber. The portion of the first air flow channel adjacent the outlet is oriented obliquely to the longitudinal axis.
• a novel fuel nozzle tor use in a burner comprises a main body having an inlet end and an outlet end and defining a longitudinal axis extending between the inlet end and the outlet end.
• a fuel passageway has a fuel receiving inlet, and a fuel emitting outlet for delivering fuel to a mixing chamber of the burner.
• a first air flow channel is disposed on the exterior of the elongate main body, and has an inlet, and an outlet disposed adjacent the fuel emitting outlet for delivering air to the mixing chamber.
• the fuel nozzle comprises a main body having an inlet end and an outlet end and defining a longitudinal axis extending between the inlet end and the outlet end
• a fuel passageway has a fuel receiving inlet, and a fuel emitting outlet for delivering fuel to a mixing chamber of the burner.
• a first air flow channel has an inlet, and an outlet disposed adjacent the fuel emitting outlet tor delivering air to the mixing chamber.
• a second air flow channel has an inlet, and an outlet disposed adjacent the fuel emitting outlet for delivering air to the mixing chamber.
• the first air flow channel and the second air flow channel generally surround the fuel passageway.
• Figure 1 is a perspective view of the first preferred embodiment of the burner according to the present invention.
• Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the first preferred embodiment of the burner of Figure 1 ;
• Figure 3 is a left side elevational view of the first preferred embodiment of the burner of Figure 1 ;
• Figure 4 is a right side elevationai view of the first preferred embodiment of the burner of Figure 1 ;
• Figure 5 is a top plan view of the first preferred embodiment of the burner of Figure 1 ;
• Figure 6 is a bottom plan view of the first preferred embodiment of the burner of Figure I ;
• Figure 7 is a front elevationai view of the first preferred embodiment of the burner of Figure 1 ;
• Figure 8 is a rear elevationai view of the first preferred embodiment of the burner of Figure 1;
• Figure 9 is a sectional side elevationai view of the first preferred embodiment of the burner of Figure 1 , taken along section line 9-9 of Figure 8;
• Figure IV is a sectional top plan view of the first preferred embodiment of the burner of Figure 1, taken along section line 10-10 of Figure 8;
• Figure 11 is a perspective view of the air-flow-controlling rear housing that is part of the first preferred embodiment burner of Figure I ;
• Figure 12 is a side elev ⁇ tional view of the air-flow-conlroll ⁇ ng rear housing of Figure 11 ;
• Figure 13 is a front elevationai view of the air-flow-controUing rear housing of Figure 1 1 ;
• Figure 14 is a rear elevati ⁇ nal view of the air-flow-controlling rear housing of Figure 11 ;
• Figure 15 is a sectional side elevationai view of the air-flow-controlling rear housing of Figure 11, taken along section line 15-15 of Figure 13;
• Figure 16 is a sectional side elevational view of the air-flow-controlling rear housing of Figure 11 , taken along section line 16-16 of Figure 13;
• Figure 17 is a sectional side elevational view of the air-flow-controlling rear housing of Figure 1 1, taken along section line 17-17 of Figure 13;
• Figure 18 is a perspective view of the wider rear portion of the outer housing that is part of the first preferred embodiment burner of Figure 1 ;
• Figure 19 is a side elevational view of the wider rear portion of the outer housing of Figure 18;
• Figure 20 is a front elevational view of the wider rear portion of the outer housing of Figure 18;
• Figure 21 is a rear elevational view of the wider rear portion of the outer housing of Figure ] 8;
• Figure 22 is a sectional side elevational view of the wider rear portion of the outer housing of Figure 18, taken along section line 22-22 of Figure 20;
• Figure 23 is a perspective view of the fuel nozzle that is part of the first preferred embodiment burner of Figure 1 ;
• Figure 24 is a side elevational view of the fuel nozzle of Figure 23;
• Figure 25 is a front elevational view of lhe fuel nozzle of Figure 23;
• Figure 26 is a rear elevational view of the fuel nozzle of Figure 23;
• Figure 27 is a sectional side eJevational view of the fuel nozzle of Figure 23, taken along section line 27-27 of Figure 26;
• Figure 28 is a perspective view of the narrower front portion of the outer housing that is part of the first preferred embodiment burner of Figure 1;
• Figure 29 is an exploded perspective view of the narrower front portion of the outer housing of Figure 28;
• Figure 30 is a left side elevational view of the narrower front portion of the outer housing of Figure 28;
• Figure 31 is a right side elevational view of the narrower front portion of the outer housing of Figure 28;
• Figure 32 is a top ptan view of the narrower front portion of the outer housing of Figure 28;
• Figure 33 is a bottom plan view of the narrower front portion of the outer housing of Figure 28;
• Figure 34 is a front elevational view of the narrower front portion of the outer housing of Figure 28;
• Figure 35 is a rear elevational view of the narrower from portion of the outer housing of Figure 28;
• Figure 36 is a sectional top plan view of the narrower front portion of the outer housing of Figure 28, taken along section line 36-36 of Figure 34;
• Figure 37 is a sectional side elevational view of the narrower front portion of the outer housing of Figure 28, taken along section line 37-37 of Figure 34;
• Figure 38 is a sectional side elevational view of the burner of Figure 1, with the combustion chamber in place, and in use;
• Figqre 39 is a side elevational view of the second preferred embodiment of the burner according to the present invention.
• Figure 40 is a sectional top plan view of the second preferred embodiment of the burner of Figure 39, taken along section line 40-40 of Figure 39;
• Figure 41 is a side elevational view of the fuel nozzle that is part of the second preferred embodiment burner according to the present invention.
• Figure 42 is a side elevational view similar to Figure 41 , but with the nozzle tip removed from the iuuzlc body.
• Figures 1 through 38 are directed to a first preferred embodiment of the burner according to the present invention
• Figures 39 through 42 are directed to a second preferred embodiment of the fuel nozzle according to the present invention.
• the preferred embodiment burner 20 comprises a main body 22 having a front end 24 and a back end 26.
• the main body 22 defines a longitudinal axis "L" extending between the front end 24 and the back end 26. It should be understood that although for some shapes of burners the determination of front end back and the back end might be somewhat arbitrary, the front end is generally defined as the flame is produced, and the back end is defined as the area where the air and the fuel have their inputs, and where the mixing of the air and the fuel begins.
• air is used to describe air received from a pressurized or compressed source ot air but that also oxygen from a pressurized or compressed source of oxygen could be used. If a source of air is used, the oxygen in the air is reacted with a fuel such as propane, natural gas, and so on. The nitrogen in the air is merely separated front the oxygen upon combustion. It is also contemplated that hydrogen could be used along with the oxygen.
• the main body 22 comprises an air-flow-contro!li ⁇ g rear housing 30 and an outer housing 40.
• the air-flow-controlling rear housing 30 is secured in removable and replaceable relation to the outer housing 40 by means of threaded fasteners 23.
• a substantially straight fuel nozzle SO resides within the air-flow-controlling rear housing 30 and the outer housing 40.
• the outer housing 40 comprises a wider rear portion 42 and a narrower front portion 44.
• the wider rear portion 42 has a sloped outer surface 42a and throughpassage 43 with a sloped inner surface 43a and a fixed diameter portion 43b.
• the sloped inner surface 43a defines the outer wall of the wide air accumulator chamber 70.
• the fixed diameter portion 43b receives the substantially straight fuel nozzle 50 therein in close contacting relation.
• the narrower front portion 44 comprises a cylindrical tube 44a, a rear flange 44b welded to the back end of the cylindrical tube 44a, and front plate 44c welded lo the front end of the cylindrical tube 44a.
• the narrower front portion 44 is secured to the wider rear portion 42 by means of threaded fasteners 41.
• the front plate 44c abuts against three support flanges 44d welded to the cylindrical tube 44, and is retained in place by threaded fasteners 44i
• the front plate 44c also has an annular flange 44e that abuts against an annular shoulder 44f located at the back end of a reduced diameter front end portion 44g of the narrower front portion 44.
• the front plate 44c has a circular recess 44h for receiving the back end 45b of a combustion chamber tube 45 therein.
• the back end 45b of the combustion chamber tube 45 has a malc-thrcadcd portion 45c that threadibly engages a co-operating female-threaded portion 44h on the front plate 44c.
• the combustion chamber tube 45 forms a chamber wherein the flame produced by the burner 20 of the present invention is encapsulated.
• the length and internal diameter of the combustion chamber tube 45 can be selected to maximize the projection of the flame, as desired, and can also be selected to create specific reasonances related to the output (the flame) of the burner 20.
• the aii-flow-controlling rear housing 30 comprises a main body 32 having a front end 33 and a back end 34.
• the longitudinal axis "L" extends between the front end 33 and the back end 34.
• the main body 32 is made from metal, but may be made from any other suitable material.
• the air-flow-controlling rear housing 30 further comprises a nozzle receiving passageway 36 in the main body 32.
• the nozzle receiving passageway 36 is generally centrally disposed in the main body 32 and oriented along longitudinal axis "L".
• the air-flow-controlling rear housing 30 also comprises an annular cone portion 37 extending forwardly from the main body 32.
• the nozzle receiving passageway 36 extends through the annular cone portion 37.
• J00075I There is at least one air inlet in the main body 32, and in the preferred embodiment, as illustrated, there is a first air inlet 38 and a second air inlet 39 in the main body 32, specifically in the rear housing 32.
• the first air inlet 38 and the second air inlet 39 are spaced one hundred eighty degrees (180°) apart in order to effectively maximize the subsequent mixing of air flow
• the first air inlet 38 and the second air inlet 39 are each oriented generally along the longitudinal axis "L", as shown, but could alternatively be oriented at another angle. It is contemplated that there may also be additional air inlets in said main body 32 to accommodate the need for additional air input
• the air- ⁇ ow-controlling rear housing 30 comprises a substantially annular air gathering chamber 29 in the main body portion 32.
• the substantially annular air gathering chamber 29 is in fluid communication with the first air inlet 38 and the second air inlet 39.
• the substantially annular flow passage is substantially circular in shape.
• substantially annular air-flow mixing chamber 100 within the main body portion 32.
• the substantially annular air-flow mixing chamber 100 is also substantially circular in shape.
• a substantially annular wall 1 10 generally divides the substantially annular air gathering chamber 29 and the substantially annular air-flow mixing chamber 100.
• the substantially annular wall 110 is substantially circular in shape.
• the substantially annular air gathering chamber 29 generally surrounds the substantially annular air-flow mixing chamber 100.
• the height of the substantially annular air gathering chamber 29 and the height of the substantially annular air gathering chamber 100 are similar one to the other. Further, the substantially annular air gathering chamber 29 and the substantially annular air-flow mixing chamber 100 are substantially longitudinally aligned one with the other along the longitudinal axis "L".
• the first air inlet 38 and the second air inlet 39 are disposed rearwardly of the substantially annular air gathering chamber 29 in order to cause properly directed forward flow of air into the air gathering chamber 29. Further, in this manner, the fittings that connect the air line. Lo the first air inlet 38 and the second air inlet 39 do not project laterally outwardly, which might be unsafe.
• a first air flow opening 101 extends between the substantially annular air gathering chamber 29 and the substantially annular air-flow mixing chamber 100.
• the first air flow opening 101 has a first height that is a portion ofthe height of the substantially annular wall 1 10.
• the second air flow opening 102 has a second height that is a portion of the height of the substantially annular wall 1 10.
• the height of the first air flow opening 101 is greater than the height of the second air flow opening 102.
• the burner 20 further comprises a third air flow opening 103 extending between the substantially annular air gathering chamber 29 and the substantially annular air-flow m ⁇ xing chamber 100.
• the third air flow opening 103 has a third height that is a portion of the height of the substantially annular wall 110.
• the height ofthe first air flow opening 101 is greater than the height of the third air flow opening 103, and the height of the second air flow opening 102 is greater than the height ofthe third air flow opening 103.
• the burner 20 also further comprises a fourth air flow opening 104 extending between the substantially annular air gathering chamber 29 and ihe substantially annular air-flow mixing chamber 100.
• the fourth air flow opening 104 has a fourth height that is a portion of the height of the substantially annular wall 110.
• the height of the first air flow opening 101 is greater than the height ofthe fourth air flow opening 104.
• the height of the second air flow opening 102 is greater than the height of the fourth air flow opening 104.
• the height of the third air flow opening 103 is greater than the height of the fourth air flow opening 104.
• first, second, third and fourth air flow openings could be oriented at an angle such that air flowing therethrough enters the substantially annular air-flow mixing chamber 100 obliquely, thereby helping to create annularly swirling flow patterns in the substantially annular air-flow mixing chamber 100.
• the substantially straight fuel nozzle 50 comprises an elongate main body 55 having an inlet end 56 and an outlet end 57, and is substantially circular in cross-section.
• the main body 55 defines a longitudinal axis "L" extending between the inlet end 56 and the outlet end 57.
• the fuel nozzle 50 has a substantially straight fuel passageway 58 centrally disposed in the elongate main body 55.
• the substantially straight fuel passageway 58 has a fuel receiving inlet 53 and a fuel emitting outlet 54 for delivering fuel to a mixing chamber 80 of the burner 20, by passing a flow of fuel from the fuel receiving inlet 53 to the fuel emitting outlet
• the fuel emitting outlet 54 actually comprises a first fuel emitting outlet
• the first fuel emitting outlet 54a, the second fuel emitting outlet 54b, the third fuel emitting outlet 54c, the fourth fuel emitting outlet 54d, the fifth fuel emitting outlet 54e, and a sixth fuel emitting outlet 54f are each oriented at an angle of about ten degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis "L", which has been found to disperse the fuel fully for ready evaporation by the air. Any other suitable angle may alternatively be used.
• the elongate main body 55 comprises a narrow back portion 55ahavinga circular cross-section, a wider front portion 55b having a circular cross-section, and a sloped portion 55c interconnecting the narrow back portion 55a and the wider front portion 55b,
• the fuel receiving inlet 53 is disposed at the inlet end 56 and the fuel emitting outlet 54 is disposed at the outlet end 57.
• the sloped portion 55c of the fuel nozzle 50 engages in scaling contact with a co-operating receiving surface 21 on the main body of the burner 20.
• the fuel nozzle 50 also comprises an externa! rear portion 51 that projects rearwardly from the back end 26 of the main body 22 of the burner 20.
• the external rear portion 51 of the fuel nozzle 50 is threaded to accept a co-operating nut 52 thereon, to thereby retain the fuel nozzle 50 Ln place in the main body 32.
• first air flaw channel 90a In orderto permit air flow from a source of compressed air (not specifically shown) to the mixing chamber 80 of the burner 20, there is a first air flaw channel 90a, a second air flow channel 90b, a third air flow channel 90c, a fourth air flow channel 90d, and a fifth air flow channel 9Oe. It has been found that it is preferable to have this number of air flow channels for the purpose of even air flow and distribution there are two or more air flow channels 90. Any suitable number of air flow channels 90 could be used depending on the specific application of the burner 20, the size of the burner 20 and the fuel nozzle 50, and so on. Various fuel nozzles according to the present invention have been tried, including from two air flow channels 90 on up. It has been found that each specific number of air flow channels might have its own advantages and disadvantages.
• Each of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth air flow channels 90a, 90b, 90c, 90d, 90e has an inlet 91 , and an outlet 92 disposed adjacent the fuel emitting outlet 54 for delivering air to the mixing chamber 80 of the burner 20.
• the portion 93 of each of the first air flow channel 90a, the second air flow channel 90b, the third air flow channel 90c, the fourth air flow channel 9Od, and the fifth air flow channel 9Oe adjacent the outlet that air flow channel is oriented obliquely to the longitudinal axis "L".
• substantially all of the first air flow channel 90a, the second air flow channel 90b, the third air flow channel 90c, the fourth air flow channel 9Od, and the fifth air flow channel 90e is oriented obliquely to the longitudinal axis "L". Even more specifically, each of the first air flow channel 90a, the second air flow channel 90b, the third air flow channel 90c, the fourth air flow channel 90d, and the fifth air flow channel 90c is helically shaped. Each of the plurality of helically shaped air flow channels 90 is substantially parallel to adjacent helically shaped air flow channels 90. The helically shaped air flow channels 90 are preferably disposed on the exterior of the fuel nozzle
• the inlet 91 of the first air flow channel 90a has a cross-sectional area that is greater than the cross-sectional area of the outlet 92 of the same first air flow channel 90a; the inlet 91 of the second air flow channel 90b has a cross-sectional area that is greater than the cross-sectional area of the outlet 92 of the same second air flow channel 90b; the inlet 91 of the third air flow channel 90c has a cross-sectional area that is greater than the cross-sectional area of the outlet 92 of the same third air flow channel 90c; the inlet 91 of the fourth air flow channel 90d has a cross-sectional area that is greater than the cross-sectional area of the outlet 92 of the same fourth air flow channel 90d; the inlet 91 of the fifth air flow channel 90e has a cross-sectional area that is greater than the cross-sectional area of the outlet 92 of the same fift h air flow channel 90c.
• the cross-sectional area of each of the inlets has a cross-section
• the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inlet 91 of the first air flow channel 90a to the cross-sectional area of the outlet 92 of the same first air flow channel 90a is about 1.6 to 1 ;
• the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inlet 91 of the second air flow channel 90b to the cross-sectional area of the outlet 92 of the same second air flow channel 90b is also about 1.6 to 1;
• the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inlet 91 of the third air flow channel 90c to the cross-sectional area of the outlet 92 of the same third air flow channel 90c is also about 1.6 to 1 ;
• the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inlet 91 of the fourth flow channel 9Od to the cross-sectional area of the outlet 92 of the same fourth air flow channel 90d is also about 1.6 to 1 ;
• the ratio of about 1.6 to 1 can be more accurately expressed as the golden ratio, also known as the golden number, which is often denoted by the Greek letter PHI ( ⁇ ) and is determined by the mathematical expression ( 1 + which is approximately equal to 1.618033987.
• each ofthe five air flow channels 90 decreases from the inlet 91 to the outlet 92. More specifically, it is also preferable that lhe width of each of the five air flow channels 90 decreases from the inlet 91 to the outlet 92, for ease of manufacturing, while the depth remains constant. It is quite perm issible for the depth of the five airflow channels 90 to also decrease from the inlet 91 to lhe outlet 92, either additionally to the decrease in width of the channels 90, or instead of the decrease in width of the channels 90.
• the six fuel emitting outlets 54a, 54b, 54c, 54d, 54c, and 54f arc disposed slightly forwardly of the outlets of the five air flow channels 90a, 90b, 90c, 9Od, and 90e in order to permit air flowing from the five air flow channels 90a, 90b, 90c, 9Od, and 90e to carry forward and, in essence, "pick-up" and mix with the fuel from the six fuel emitting outlets 54a, 54b, 54c, 54d, 54e, and 54f of the fuel nozzle 50-
• the burner 20 also has amixing chamber 80 that is fluid communication with the fuel emitt ing outlets 54a,
• the mixing chamber 80 is disposed forwardly of the fuel emitting oullets 54a, 54b, 54c, 54d, 54e, and 54f of the fuel nozzle 50 and the outlets 92 of the five air flow channels 90a, 90b, 90c, 9Od, and 9Oe, and is aligned along the longitudinal axis "L" with the fuel passageway
• the burner 20 further comprises a wide air accumulator chamber 70 interposed in fluid communication between both the first air inlet 38 and the second air inlet 39, and the five helical Iy shaped air flow channels 90a, 90b, 90c, 9Od, and 9Oe.
• the wide air accumulator chamber 70 is annular in shape and tapers (narrows) from back to front.
• the wide air accumulator chamber 70 has a narrow air-receiving ingress 72 is in fluid communication with the first air inlet 38 and the second air inlet 39, through the air-flow-controlling rear housing30. Accordingly, the wide airaccutnulator chamber 70 receives air from the first air inlet 38 and the second air inlet 39.
• the wide air accumulator chamber 70 also has a narrow air egress 74. Accordingly, air from the first air inlet 38 and me second air inlet 39 is passed to the five helically shaped air flow channels 90a, 90b, 90c, 9Od, and 9Oe in the fuel nozzle 50.
• the wide air accumulator chamber 70 together with the air-receiving ingress 72 and the narrow air egress 74 tend to accelerate air traveling from the substantially annular air-flow mixing chamber 100 to the helically shaped air flow channels 90.
• the cross-sectional area of the air egress 74 is narrower than the cross-sectional area of the wide air accumulator chamber 70, as measured transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis "L".
• the air passes from the substantially annular air gathering chamber 29 to the substantially annular air-flow mixing chamber 100 via the first air flow opening 101, the second air flow opening 102, the third air flow opening 103 and the fourth air flow opening 104,
• the offset depths of the first air flow opening 101, the second air flow opening 102, the third air flow opening 103 and the fourth air flow opening 104 cause the air to enter the substantially annular air-flow mixing chamber 100 at four distinct and separate "levels" (with respect to the longitudinal axis "L"), thus causing non-laminar flow of the air,
• the air is as turbulent as possible in order to facilitate full mixing of the air downstream with fuel from the fuel nozzle tip 60.
• the air then passes through the wide air accumulator chamber 70, and exits through the narrow air egress 74
• air from the wide air accumulator chamber 70 must enter and pass through the first air flow channel 90a, the second air flow channel 90b, the third air flow channel 90c, the fourth air flow channel 9Od, and the fifth air flow channel 9Oe immediately before being emitted to the mixing chamber 80 of the burner 20.
• the fast flow of air then passes by the outlet end 57 of the Elongate main body 55 of the substantially straight fuel nozzle 50 and past the fuel nozzle tip 60, to then mix with the fuel emanating from the fuel nozzle tip 60.
• the air exiting the outlets 92 of each of these five air flow channels 90 travels in a fast-swirling helical patt ern along the mixing chamber 80, as indicated by arrow "B", towards the combustion chamber 82, and then even in the combustion chamber 82.
• the swirling of the air in the combustion chamber 82 provides for a substantially lengthened path of travel for the air within the combustion chamber 82, as compared to the actual length of the combustion chamber 82.
• flame temperature of the burner 20 of the present invention can readily be in excess of 2000 degrees, and produce a stack temperature of about 400 degrees Fahrenheit, which is a drop of 1600 degrees Fahrenheit that has gone into elevating the temperature of the object to be heated.
• flame temperature of about 1600 degrees Fahrenheit and a stack temperature of about 800 degrees Fahrenheit which transfer to only 800 degrees temperature difference that is used to heat an object.
• FIGS 39 through 42 show a second preferred embodiment of the burner according to the present invention, as indicated by the general reference numeral 220.
• the second preferred embodiment burner 220 is similar to the first preferred embodiment of the burner 20 except that the outer housing 240 is much larger in terms of its wall thickness. Also, the substantially annular wall 210 in the rear housing 230 is substantially thicker.
• the fuel nozzle 250 comprises a fuel nozzle tip 260 mounted in removable and replaceable relation in the front end 257 of the elongate main body 255 of the fiiel nozzle 250.
• the threaded back portion 268 of the fuel nozzle tip 260 engages a co-operating threaded front end portion 259 in the fuel passageway 258.
• the fuel nozzle tip 260 is mounted in removable and replaceable relation as described, to permit ready replacement of the fuel nozzle tip 260 in the event of damage, and also to permit selection of an appropriate fuel nozzle tip 260 for an end application, such as placement in a boiler, line heater, or furnace.
• an end application such as placement in a boiler, line heater, or furnace.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Gas Burners (AREA)
• Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-09-22 EP EP09813937.1A patent/EP2338000A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-09-22 CN CN200980146768.7A patent/CN102224378B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-09-22 US US12/564,337 patent/US20100154771A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-09-22 WO PCT/CA2009/001308 patent/WO2010031174A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2009-09-22 AU AU2009295221A patent/AU2009295221A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-09-22 US US12/564,369 patent/US20100167222A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-09-22 CN CN200980146792.0A patent/CN102224379B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-09-22 RU RU2011115778/06A patent/RU2507447C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2009-09-22 WO PCT/CA2009/001309 patent/WO2010031175A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2009-09-22 RU RU2011115779/06A patent/RU2509955C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2009-09-22 EP EP09813936.3A patent/EP2334985A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-09-22 WO PCT/CA2009/001310 patent/WO2010031176A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2009-09-22 CN CN201410290884.9A patent/CN104197331B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-09-22 AU AU2009295222A patent/AU2009295222A1/en not_active Abandoned

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