EP2324288A1 - Method of controlling a combustion facility using a combination of coefficient of resistance and flame front estimation - Google Patents

Method of controlling a combustion facility using a combination of coefficient of resistance and flame front estimation

Info

Publication number
EP2324288A1
EP2324288A1 EP08762825A EP08762825A EP2324288A1 EP 2324288 A1 EP2324288 A1 EP 2324288A1 EP 08762825 A EP08762825 A EP 08762825A EP 08762825 A EP08762825 A EP 08762825A EP 2324288 A1 EP2324288 A1 EP 2324288A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coefficient
resistance
combustion
flame front
ζpv
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08762825A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2324288B1 (en
Inventor
Soeren Nymann Thomsen
Benny Elbaek Soerensen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Babcock and Wilcox Volund AS
Original Assignee
Babcock and Wilcox Volund AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Babcock and Wilcox Volund AS filed Critical Babcock and Wilcox Volund AS
Priority to PL08762825T priority Critical patent/PL2324288T3/en
Publication of EP2324288A1 publication Critical patent/EP2324288A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2324288B1 publication Critical patent/EP2324288B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/102—Arrangement of sensing devices for pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55009—Controlling stoker grate speed or vibrations for waste movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/36—PID signal processing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/20—Camera viewing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/18—Incinerating apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a control method used in a combustion facility comprising a feed-in system, feeding fuel to a number of moving grates, on which the fuel is fed forward and subjected to successive drying, ignition, combustion and outburn- ing, primary air for the combustion being supplied from beneath the grates and through the layer of fuel on the grates.
  • a method of said kind which according to the present invention provides a correction of the control based on the coefficient of resistance by using an estimated position of the flame front, which is provided by image analysis of a camera image of the combustion zone.
  • Fig. 1 schematically indicates a configuration of the feeding control system where the set point of the coefficient of resistance controller is additively corrected (feed forward) by the flame front control signal,
  • Fig. 2 schematically indicates a configuration of the feeding control system where the set point of the coefficient of resistance controller is scaled (scaling) by the flame front control signal, and
  • Fig 3 schematically indicates a configuration of the feeding control system where the flame front control signal directly scales (gain scaling) the set point to the feeding control system.
  • the control systems shown in figures 1-3 comprise a controller for each of two parameters of a combustion facility, namely the speed 1 of feeding combustible fuel into the combustion chamber and the speed 2 of conveyance on a successive first combustion grate, respectively.
  • Each of the two controllers is indicated to be PID-control- lers and these are primarily controlled in accordance with a set point 3 for the grate speed, which is based on the wanted steam/energy production for the plant.
  • Correction of the grate speed set point 3 for the two controllers is performed by means of the coefficient of resistance ⁇ over the combustion zone.
  • the coefficient of resistance ⁇ is calculated for the combustion zone, e.g. using measurement of pressure on opposite sides of the combined combustion grate and layer of combustible material thereon, airflow, pressure, and temperature of the combustion air, etc.
  • the calculation of the coefficient of resistance ⁇ may be based on several different equations, such as where
  • T Temperature of air (K)
  • P Pressure of air (Pa)
  • the coefficient of resistance ⁇ pv over the combustion zone thus calculated provides a good indication of necessary corrections of the speed 1 ,2 of the feeding system, due to the fact that the coefficient of resistance ⁇ pv provides a good estimation of the thickness of the waste layer in the combustion zone.
  • the set point ⁇ sp of the coefficient of resistance may be too high or too low and needs to be corrected further.
  • This need for correction is in accordance with the present invention provided by use of the estimated position Fpv of the flame front, said estimate being provided by image analysis of a camera image of the combustion zone.
  • the camera is, in a preferred embodiment, a red-green-blue image camera, however, other types of cameras may be used, such as an infrared camera.
  • the flame front controller is provided with a set point Fsp for the flame front and an estimated value Fpv for the flame front position, which is provided to a PID-controller and the output from said PID-controller for the flame front is added to the set point ⁇ sp for the coefficient of resistance controller in order to correct this control value and in the end correct the control of the in- feed speed 1 of combustible fuel into the combustion chamber and the speed 2 of conveyance on the successive first combustion grate.
  • Fig. 2 shows the corresponding system, in which, however, the output from the flame front controller is multiplied by the set point ⁇ sp for the coefficient of resistance controller.
  • Fig. 3 shows an alternative configuration in which the output signal from the flame front controller is multiplied onto the grate speed set point 3 in the same way as the coefficient of resistance controller output signal is multiplied on the result thereof, before being supplied to the PID-controllers for controlling the speed 1 of feeding combustible fuel into the combustion chamber and the speed 2 of conveyance on a successive first combustion grate, respectively.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of controlling at least one parameter (1,2) of a combustion facility, said combustion facility comprising an in-feed system feeding fuel to a number of moving grates on which the fuel is fed forward and subjected to successive drying, ignition, combustion and outbuming, primary air for the combustion being supplied from beneath the grates and through the layer of fuel on the grates, said method comprising - calculating a coefficient of resistance (ζpv) for the air flow through the grates and fuel, - controlling the at least one parameter (1,2) of the combustion facility based on the coefficient of resistance (ζpv), and - providing an estimation of the position (Fpv) of the flame front by image analysis of a camera image of the combustion zone and - using said estimated position (Fpv) of the flame front to provide a correction of the control of the at least one parameter (1,2) based on the coefficient of resistance (ζpv).

Description

METHOD OF CONTROLLING A COMBUSTION FACILITY USING A COMBINATION OF COEFFICIENT OF RESISTANCE AND FLAME FRONT ESTIMATION
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a control method used in a combustion facility comprising a feed-in system, feeding fuel to a number of moving grates, on which the fuel is fed forward and subjected to successive drying, ignition, combustion and outburn- ing, primary air for the combustion being supplied from beneath the grates and through the layer of fuel on the grates.
BACKGROUND ART
In combustion facilities of this kind it is known to provide a control of the in-feed system and possibly the speed of the moving grates, based on a calculation of the coefficient of resistance, e.g. based on Bernoulli's principle, for the airflow through the grates and fuel. A method of this kind is known from EP 955 499.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
It is the object of the present invention to provide a method of the kind referred to above, with which it is possible to provide a more precise control of the combustion, and this object is achieved with a method of said kind, which according to the present invention provides a correction of the control based on the coefficient of resistance by using an estimated position of the flame front, which is provided by image analysis of a camera image of the combustion zone. With this arrangement, the set point to or the control signal of the coefficient of resistance controller can be corrected, whenever the position of the flame front is detected to be deviating from the optimal position thereof. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following detailed part of the present description, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention shown in the drawings, in which
Fig. 1 schematically indicates a configuration of the feeding control system where the set point of the coefficient of resistance controller is additively corrected (feed forward) by the flame front control signal,
Fig. 2 schematically indicates a configuration of the feeding control system where the set point of the coefficient of resistance controller is scaled (scaling) by the flame front control signal, and
Fig 3 schematically indicates a configuration of the feeding control system where the flame front control signal directly scales (gain scaling) the set point to the feeding control system.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The control systems shown in figures 1-3 comprise a controller for each of two parameters of a combustion facility, namely the speed 1 of feeding combustible fuel into the combustion chamber and the speed 2 of conveyance on a successive first combustion grate, respectively. Each of the two controllers is indicated to be PID-control- lers and these are primarily controlled in accordance with a set point 3 for the grate speed, which is based on the wanted steam/energy production for the plant. Correction of the grate speed set point 3 for the two controllers is performed by means of the coefficient of resistance ζ over the combustion zone. The coefficient of resistance ζ is calculated for the combustion zone, e.g. using measurement of pressure on opposite sides of the combined combustion grate and layer of combustible material thereon, airflow, pressure, and temperature of the combustion air, etc. The calculation of the coefficient of resistance ζ may be based on several different equations, such as where
Ap = Pressure loss over the grate and fuel thereon ζ = Coefficient of resistance p = Density of the media (combustion air) v = Velocity of the media x = Exponent dependent on flow being laminar or turbulent,
or
where
ζf = Coefficient of resistance R = Gas constant for air (=287, 1 J/(kg . K))
T = Temperature of air (K) P = Pressure of air (Pa)
Ap = Pressure loss over the grate and fuel thereon V = Volume flow of air (m3/s)
Or any other relevant equation giving a coefficient of resistance ζpv related to the thickness and density of the fuel on the grates.
The coefficient of resistance ζpv over the combustion zone thus calculated provides a good indication of necessary corrections of the speed 1 ,2 of the feeding system, due to the fact that the coefficient of resistance ζpv provides a good estimation of the thickness of the waste layer in the combustion zone.
In accordance with the present invention, however, the set point ζsp of the coefficient of resistance may be too high or too low and needs to be corrected further. This need for correction is in accordance with the present invention provided by use of the estimated position Fpv of the flame front, said estimate being provided by image analysis of a camera image of the combustion zone. The camera is, in a preferred embodiment, a red-green-blue image camera, however, other types of cameras may be used, such as an infrared camera.
In the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 1 , the flame front controller is provided with a set point Fsp for the flame front and an estimated value Fpv for the flame front position, which is provided to a PID-controller and the output from said PID-controller for the flame front is added to the set point ζsp for the coefficient of resistance controller in order to correct this control value and in the end correct the control of the in- feed speed 1 of combustible fuel into the combustion chamber and the speed 2 of conveyance on the successive first combustion grate.
Correspondingly Fig. 2 shows the corresponding system, in which, however, the output from the flame front controller is multiplied by the set point ζsp for the coefficient of resistance controller.
Furthermore, Fig. 3 shows an alternative configuration in which the output signal from the flame front controller is multiplied onto the grate speed set point 3 in the same way as the coefficient of resistance controller output signal is multiplied on the result thereof, before being supplied to the PID-controllers for controlling the speed 1 of feeding combustible fuel into the combustion chamber and the speed 2 of conveyance on a successive first combustion grate, respectively.

Claims

1. Method of controlling at least one parameter (1 , 2) of a combustion facility, said combustion facility comprising an in-feed system feeding fuel to a number of moving grates on which the fuel is fed forward and subjected to successive drying, ignition, combustion and outburning, primary air for the combustion being supplied from beneath the grates and through the layer of fuel on the grates, said method comprising
- calculating a coefficient of resistance (ζpv) for the air flow through the grates and fuel,
- controlling the at least one parameter (1 , 2) of the combustion facility based on the coefficient of resistance (ζpv), and
- providing an estimation (Fpv) of the position of the flame front by image analysis of a camera image of the combustion zone and - using said estimated position (Fpv) of the flame front to provide a correction of the control of the at least one parameter (1 , 2) based on the coefficient of resistance (ζpv).
2. Method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the at least one parameter com- prises the speed (1 ) of the in-feed system.
3. Method in accordance with claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one parameter comprises the speed (2) of at least one of the moving grates.
4. Method in accordance with any of the preceding claims, wherein the correction to the control based on the coefficient of resistance (ζpv) is performed by a feedforward introduction of the estimated position (Fpv) of the flame front (Fig. 1 ).
5. Method in accordance with any of the preceding claims, wherein the correction to the control based on the coefficient of resistance (ζpv) is performed by a scaling introduction of the estimated position (Fpv) of the flame front (Fig 2).
6. Method in accordance with any of the preceding claims, wherein the correction to the control based on the coefficient of resistance (ζpv) is performed by a gain scal- ing introduction of the estimated position (Fpv) of the flame front (Fig. 3).
EP08762825.1A 2008-06-10 2008-06-10 Method of controlling a combustion facility using a combination of coefficient of resistance and flame front estimation Active EP2324288B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL08762825T PL2324288T3 (en) 2008-06-10 2008-06-10 Method of controlling a combustion facility using a combination of coefficient of resistance and flame front estimation

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2008/001489 WO2009150480A1 (en) 2008-06-10 2008-06-10 Method of controlling a combustion facility using a combination of coefficient of resistance and flame front estimation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2324288A1 true EP2324288A1 (en) 2011-05-25
EP2324288B1 EP2324288B1 (en) 2018-11-21

Family

ID=40351820

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08762825.1A Active EP2324288B1 (en) 2008-06-10 2008-06-10 Method of controlling a combustion facility using a combination of coefficient of resistance and flame front estimation

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20110123939A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2324288B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5449335B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101531738B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102057223B (en)
CA (1) CA2725490C (en)
DK (1) DK2324288T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2704012T3 (en)
PL (1) PL2324288T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2009150480A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015155565A1 (en) * 2014-04-07 2015-10-15 Babcock & Wilcox Vølund A/S Regulation of incineration in dependence of fluctuations in the price on electricity
JP6723864B2 (en) * 2016-08-01 2020-07-15 株式会社タクマ Combustion control device equipped with a garbage moving speed detection function

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS591919A (en) * 1982-06-24 1984-01-07 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Control method of combustion
JPS59195012A (en) * 1983-04-20 1984-11-06 Hitachi Ltd Combustion control method
DE3904272C3 (en) * 1989-02-14 1998-01-08 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Method for detecting the radiation emanating from at least two spatially separate locations of at least one combustion zone on a grate and device for detecting such radiation
JPH07111247B2 (en) * 1989-11-10 1995-11-29 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 Waste treatment method
JPH04371712A (en) * 1991-06-21 1992-12-24 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Combustion control method for garbage incinerator
DE4344906C2 (en) * 1993-12-29 1997-04-24 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Process for controlling individual or all factors influencing the combustion on a grate
JP3099229B2 (en) * 1997-07-16 2000-10-16 住友重機械工業株式会社 Waste transfer control system for horizontal stoker type waste incinerator
JP3763963B2 (en) * 1998-03-16 2006-04-05 住友重機械工業株式会社 Stoker temperature control device for waste incinerator and combustion control device for waste incinerator equipped with the same
DE19820038C2 (en) * 1998-05-05 2000-03-23 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Process for controlling the fire performance of incinerators
EP1726876B1 (en) * 2005-05-27 2015-05-06 Takuma Co., Ltd. Improved method of combusting solid waste
ES2473592T3 (en) * 2006-09-30 2014-07-07 Steag Powitec Gmbh Procedure for the regulation of a combustion process

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2725490C (en) 2015-11-24
WO2009150480A1 (en) 2009-12-17
CA2725490A1 (en) 2009-12-17
EP2324288B1 (en) 2018-11-21
KR101531738B1 (en) 2015-06-25
CN102057223B (en) 2013-06-12
US20110123939A1 (en) 2011-05-26
JP5449335B2 (en) 2014-03-19
PL2324288T3 (en) 2019-05-31
KR20110026470A (en) 2011-03-15
JP2011523022A (en) 2011-08-04
ES2704012T3 (en) 2019-03-13
CN102057223A (en) 2011-05-11
DK2324288T3 (en) 2018-12-17

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