EP2315932B1 - Monitoring of the excitation frequency of a radiofrequency spark plug - Google Patents
Monitoring of the excitation frequency of a radiofrequency spark plug Download PDFInfo
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- EP2315932B1 EP2315932B1 EP09784388A EP09784388A EP2315932B1 EP 2315932 B1 EP2315932 B1 EP 2315932B1 EP 09784388 A EP09784388 A EP 09784388A EP 09784388 A EP09784388 A EP 09784388A EP 2315932 B1 EP2315932 B1 EP 2315932B1
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- frequency
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- control signal
- resonator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P23/00—Other ignition
- F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P3/00—Other installations
- F02P3/01—Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator
Definitions
- a change of the frequency of the control signal V1 corresponding to a jump of frequency of the initial frequency f 0 to a frequency f 1 , -chosen, as explained above, in a frequency range between f 0 and f 0 - ( ⁇ f / 2).
- the new control frequency value f 1 is for example chosen between f 0 and f 0 - 100 kHz.
- the figure 2b using the same chronograms as the figure 2a , then illustrates the case provided by the present invention, wherein the modification of the frequency of the excitation signal V2 is advantageously performed synchronously with the time t b of switching of the control signal V1 to the new control frequency f 1 . .
- Such synchronous frequency control of the resonator makes it possible to maintain the maximum quality factor of the radiofrequency candle, whatever the mode of its operation and thus to preserve the characteristics of the spark.
- any frequency change of the excitation signal of the resonator of the RF candle must be synchronous with the control signal.
- the switching time t b through which the control signal V1 passes before application of the new control frequency, must preferably be controlled to be substantially equal to the duration of a half-period of the control signal. before application of the change of frequency.
- the figure 4 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of frequency control means according to the invention of the control module providing the control signal V1 of the radio frequency power supply.
- These control means are therefore adapted to shift the frequency of the control signal of the power supply, from an initial control frequency to a new control frequency, so that the frequency change of the excitation signal of the resonator which in turn flows either synchronized with the control signal. In this way, the control signal remains in phase with the oscillations of the excitation signal of the resonator, throughout the application of the excitation signal.
- control means comprises a voltage controlled oscillator VCO 40, the output of which is connected to the control module 30 to supply the control signal V1, and a control input 41 of which is connected to a control voltage source 50, adapted to drive the VCO by a modulation of the control voltage own to control a change in the frequency of the control signal provided on the gate of transistor M.
- optimizing the development of the spark of the radiofrequency candle requires that it be possible to make up part of the disagreement of the power supply system by controlling a frequency change in real time within a train of excitement of the candle, respecting the synchronization condition of this change with the control signal.
- the modification of the excitation frequency of the resonant system must be synchronized, according to the preceding description in relation with the application of automobile ignition to plasma generation, the time t b of switching of the control signal to a new control frequency value, defining the new excitation frequency.
- the new excitation frequency must also be between f 0 and f 0 +/- ( ⁇ f / 2) (depending on whether the resonant frequency has increased or decreased), ⁇ f corresponding to the bandwidth of the resonant system.
- the resonance frequency change of the resonant system can be detected in real time by measuring a characteristic magnitude of the resonant system, such as the quality factor.
- the modification of the excitation frequency of the system should preferably be made as soon as a variation of the resonance frequency greater than 10% of the bandwidth ⁇ f is detected.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne le domaine de l'alimentation radiofréquence de résonateurs, en particulier de résonateurs utilisés dans des générateurs de plasma.The present invention relates to the field of radiofrequency supply of resonators, in particular resonators used in plasma generators.
Pour une application à l'allumage automobile à génération de plasma, des résonateurs dont la fréquence de résonance est supérieure à 1 MHz sont disposés au niveau de la bougie et sont typiquement alimentés à haute tension (par exemple supérieures à 100 V) et soumis à de forts courants (par exemple une intensité supérieure à 10A).For an application to automotive ignition with plasma generation, resonators whose resonant frequency is greater than 1 MHz are arranged at the level of the candle and are typically supplied with high voltage (for example greater than 100 V) and subjected to strong currents (for example, an intensity greater than 10A).
Le fonctionnement de l'alimentation haute tension radiofréquence de la bougie est basé sur le phénomène de résonance série dans le résonateur, dont la fréquence de résonance est déterminée par la valeur des paramètres intrinsèques du circuit constituant le résonateur.The operation of the radiofrequency high-voltage power supply of the spark plug is based on the series resonance phenomenon in the resonator, the resonance frequency of which is determined by the value of the intrinsic parameters of the circuit constituting the resonator.
La
Le résonateur 10 est connecté à une sortie d'un circuit d'alimentation 20, présentant un transistor MOSFET de puissance M faisant office d'interrupteur, pour appliquer une tension intermédiaire Vinter sur la sortie du circuit d'alimentation, à une fréquence définie par un signal de commande V1 appliqué sur la grille du MOSFET par l'intermédiaire d'un module de commande 30.The
La tension intermédiaire Vinter est par exemple délivrée sur la sortie du circuit d'alimentation à la fréquence définie par le signal de commande, par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit résonant parallèle comprenant une capacité Cp en parallèle avec une bobine LM formant l'enroulement primaire d'un transformateur T, le résonateur 10 étant connecté aux bornes de l'enroulement secondaire LP du transformateur.The intermediate voltage Vinter is for example delivered on the output of the supply circuit at the frequency defined by the control signal, by means of a parallel resonant circuit comprising a capacitor Cp in parallel with a coil L M forming the primary winding of a transformer T, the
Ainsi, le module de commande 30 fournit le signal de commande V1, permettant de contrôler à une fréquence sensiblement égale à la fréquence de résonance du résonateur de génération de plasma, par exemple autour de 5 MHz, les commutations du transistor M délivrant au résonateur parallèle 21 la tension Vinter, typiquement comprise entre 12V et 250v, qui va alors être amplifiée. A la fréquence de commande appliquée, il se crée un échange d'énergie entre le résonateur parallèle et le résonateur 10 de la bougie radiofréquence, permettant d'atteindre en sortie du résonateur 10 la tension de seuil de claquage à la température et la pression du milieu dans lequel on souhaite produire l'étincelle.Thus, the
La fréquence de commande est donc choisie comme étant la fréquence de résonance du résonateur de génération de plasma 10.The control frequency is therefore chosen as being the resonance frequency of the
Or, la formation de l'étincelle à la sortie du résonateur, vient perturber et désaccorder le système. En effet, une étincelle dans un gaz, comme tout conducteur électrique, est caractérisée par une capacité. Dès lors, si sans étincelle, ce sont les seuls paramètres Rs, Ls et Cs, propres au résonateur 10, qui déterminent la fréquence de résonance du système, ce n'est plus le cas lors de la formation d'une étincelle, les caractéristiques propres à cette dernière venant en effet modifier la fréquence de résonance.However, the formation of the spark at the output of the resonator, disrupts and detune the system. Indeed, a spark in a gas, like any electrical conductor, is characterized by a capacitance. Therefore, if without spark, these are the only parameters R s , L s and C s , specific to the
La différence entre la fréquence de résonance effective du résonateur avec une étincelle formée et la fréquence de commande de l'alimentation radiofréquence de la bougie, choisie comme étant la fréquence de résonance à vide de la bougie (f0), c'est-à-dire réglée pour un système sans étincelle, entraîne alors une dégradation du facteur de qualité du résonateur (ou facteur de surtension, définissant le rapport entre l'amplitude de sa tension de sortie et sa tension d'entrée en fonction de la fréquence appliquée au résonateur).The difference between the effective resonant frequency of the resonator with a spark formed and the control frequency of the radiofrequency power supply of the spark plug, chosen as the vacuum resonance frequency of the spark plug (f 0 ), that is -described set for a system without spark, then causes a deterioration of the quality factor of the resonator (or overvoltage factor, defining the ratio between the amplitude of its output voltage and its input voltage as a function of the frequency applied to the resonator).
Aussi, il apparaît utile de pouvoir réajuster la fréquence de commande de l'alimentation radiofréquence en temps réel à l'intérieur d'un train d'excitation du résonateur, afin de maintenir l'amplitude de la tension à la pointe de la bougie et donc, les propriétés de l'étincelle telles que sa taille et le degré de sa ramification.Also, it appears useful to be able to readjust the control frequency of the radio frequency power supply in real time inside a resonator excitation train, in order to maintain the amplitude of the voltage at the tip of the candle and therefore, the properties of the spark such as its size and the degree of its branching.
La présente invention vise à répondre à cet objectif, sans diminution de l'efficacité du système.The present invention aims to meet this objective, without reducing the efficiency of the system.
Avec cet objectif en vue, l'invention concerne donc un dispositif de génération de plasma radiofréquence, comprenant :
- un module de commande générant un signal de commande à une fréquence de commande,
- un circuit d'alimentation comprenant un interrupteur commandé par le signal de commande, l'interrupteur appliquant un signal d'excitation sur une sortie du circuit d'alimentation à la fréquence définie par le signal de commande,
- un résonateur présentant une fréquence de résonance supérieure à 1 MHz, connecté à la sortie du circuit d'alimentation et adapté à générer une tension pour la fabrication d'une étincelle lorsqu'il est excité par le signal d'excitation,
- a control module generating a control signal at a control frequency,
- a supply circuit comprising a switch controlled by the control signal, the switch applying an excitation signal to an output of the supply circuit at the frequency defined by the control signal,
- a resonator having a resonant frequency greater than 1 MHz, connected to the output of the supply circuit and adapted to generate a voltage for the making a spark when excited by the excitation signal,
De préférence, les moyens de contrôle sont adaptés à commander au moins un saut de fréquence du signal de commande d'une première valeur de fréquence à une deuxième valeur de fréquence, inférieure à ladite première valeur.Preferably, the control means are adapted to control at least one frequency jump of the control signal from a first frequency value to a second frequency value, lower than said first value.
Les moyens de contrôle sont adaptés à commander une durée de basculement du signal de commande vers la deuxième valeur de fréquence, comprise entre 80% et 120% de la durée d'une demi-période dudit signal à la première valeur de fréquence.The control means are adapted to control a switching time of the control signal to the second frequency value, between 80% and 120% of the duration of half a period of said signal at the first frequency value.
La première valeur de fréquence est sensiblement égale à la fréquence de résonance du résonateur sans étincelle.The first frequency value is substantially equal to the resonant frequency of the sparkless resonator.
Avantageusement, la deuxième valeur de fréquence est comprise dans une plage comprise entre f0 - (Δf/2) et f0, f0 étant égale à la fréquence de résonance du résonateur sans étincelle et Δf correspondant à la bande passante du résonateur.Advantageously, the second frequency value is in a range between f 0 - (Δf / 2) and f 0 , f 0 being equal to the resonant frequency of the sparkless resonator and Δf corresponding to the passband of the resonator.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les moyens de contrôle sont adaptés à commander un saut de fréquence du signal de commande dans une phase transitoire du signal de tension généré par le résonateur, précédent une phase de stabilisation dudit signal.According to one embodiment, the control means are adapted to control a frequency jump of the control signal in a transient phase of the voltage signal generated by the resonator, preceding a stabilization phase of said signal.
De préférence, les moyens de contrôle sont adaptés à commander un saut de fréquence du signal de commande, sensiblement au moment de la formation de l'étincelle.Preferably, the control means are adapted to control a frequency jump of the control signal, substantially at the time of the formation of the spark.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les moyens de contrôle du module de commande comprennent un oscillateur commandé en tension et des moyens de modulation de la tension de contrôle dudit oscillateur.According to one embodiment of the invention, the control means of the control module comprise a voltage-controlled oscillator and means for modulating the control voltage of said oscillator.
L'invention concerne également un moteur à combustion interne, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un dispositif de génération de plasma selon l'invention.The invention also relates to an internal combustion engine, characterized in that it comprises at least one plasma generating device according to the invention.
L'invention concerne encore un procédé de commande d'une alimentation d'un allumage radiofréquence d'un moteur à combustion, dans lequel on applique un signal d'excitation en entrée d'un résonateur à une première fréquence définie par un signal de commande, ledit résonateur présentant une fréquence de résonance supérieure à 1 MHz et étant apte à générer une tension pour la fabrication d'une étincelle lorsqu'il est excité par le signal d'excitation, ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à modifier la fréquence du signal d'excitation pendant l'application de celui-ci, de manière synchrone avec le signal de commande.The invention also relates to a method for controlling a power supply of a radiofrequency ignition of a combustion engine, in which an excitation signal is applied at the input of a resonator at a first frequency defined by a control signal. , said resonator having a resonant frequency greater than 1 MHz and being able to generate a voltage for the manufacture of a spark when it is excited by the excitation signal, said method being characterized in that it consists in modifying the frequency of the excitation signal during the application thereof, synchronously with the control signal.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront clairement de la description qui en est faite ci-après, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :
- la
figure 1 illustre schématiquement un dispositif de génération de plasma radiofréquence de l'état de la technique ; - la
figure 2a représente deux chronogrammes en regard, respectivement du signal de commande en tension de l'interrupteur MOS de l'alimentation radiofréquence et du signal du courant d'excitation en entrée du résonateur de la bougie radiofréquence, dans le cas d'un changement de fréquence du signal de commande non synchronisé avec le signal d'excitation, au cours d'une commande d'allumage de la bougie ; - la
figure 2b reprend les chronogrammes de la figure précédente, dans le cas d'un changement de fréquence du signal de commande, synchronisé avec le signal d'excitation, selon le principe de l'invention ; - la
figure 3 illustre le signal de tension U(t) du résonateur en fonction du temps pendant une commande de génération de plasma, c'est-à-dire le signal qui s'applique aux bornes de la capacité cs du résonateur de génération de plasma ; - la
figure 4 illustre un mode de réalisation des moyens de contrôle fréquentiel synchrone du signal de commande de l'alimentation radiofréquence.
- the
figure 1 schematically illustrates a radiofrequency plasma generation device of the state of the art; - the
figure 2a represents two timing diagrams opposite, respectively of the voltage control signal of the MOS switch of the radiofrequency power supply and the signal of the excitation current at the input of the resonator of the radiofrequency candle, in the case of a frequency change of the control signal not synchronized with the excitation signal, during ignition control of the spark plug; - the
figure 2b resumes the timing diagrams of the previous figure, in the case of a frequency change of the control signal, synchronized with the excitation signal, according to the principle of the invention; - the
figure 3 illustrates the voltage signal U (t) of the resonator as a function of time during a plasma generation control, i.e., the signal that applies across the capacitance c s of the plasma generation resonator; - the
figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of the synchronous frequency control means of the control signal of the radio frequency power supply.
L'optimisation du développement de l'étincelle de la bougie radiofréquence nécessite de parvenir à rattraper une partie du désaccord du système dû à la formation de l'étincelle, pour s'approcher au mieux des nouvelles conditions de résonance de l'ensemble.Optimizing the development of the spark of the radiofrequency candle requires that it be possible to make up part of the disconnection of the system due to the formation of the spark, in order to get as close as possible to the new resonance conditions of the assembly.
L'invention propose pour ce faire de modifier en temps réel la fréquence du signal de commande V1 de l'interrupteur M, commandant l'application du signal d'excitation V2 du résonateur 10 de la bougie radiofréquence en sortie du circuit d'alimentation 20, pendant l'application de ce signal d'excitation.The invention proposes for this purpose to modify in real time the frequency of the control signal V1 of the switch M, controlling the application of the excitation signal V2 of the
Un mode de réalisation consiste à modifier la fréquence de commande durant un train d'excitation, selon un décalage brutal de la fréquence, imposé sensiblement au moment de la formation de l'étincelle (juste avant ou juste après l'établissement de l'étincelle).One embodiment is to change the control frequency during an excitation train, according to a sudden offset of the frequency, imposed substantially at the time of the formation of the spark (just before or just after the establishment of the spark ).
De préférence, ce décalage fréquentiel consiste à diminuer la fréquence du signal de commande de l'alimentation, d'une première valeur de fréquence, fixée au démarrage de la commande d'allumage et correspondant typiquement à la fréquence f0 de résonance à vide du système, à une deuxième valeur de fréquence, comprise de préférence entre f0 - (Δf/2) et f0, avec Δf correspondant à la bande passante d'un circuit RLC, en l'occurrence celui formant le résonateur 10. A titre d'exemple, dans la présente application, Δf/2 peut prendre une valeur sensiblement égale à 100 kHz.Preferably, this frequency offset consists in reducing the frequency of the control signal of the power supply, of a first frequency value, set at the start of the ignition control and corresponding typically to the empty resonance frequency f 0 of the system, at a second frequency value, preferably between f 0 - (Δf / 2) and f 0 , with Δf corresponding to the bandwidth of an RLC circuit, in this case the one forming the
La
En effet, selon l'exemple donné ci-dessus, la capacité équivalente que va apporter l'étincelle ne va généralement pas impliquer une diminution de la fréquence de résonance de l'ensemble résonateur/étincelle de plus de 100 kHz par rapport à f0.Indeed, according to the example given above, the equivalent capacitance which the spark will bring will not generally involve a reduction of the resonant frequency of the resonator / spark unit by more than 100 kHz with respect to f 0 .
Un tel profil de commande permet avantageusement de conserver l'amplitude maximale de la tension appliquée aux bornes de la capacité Cs du résonateur au moment tmax de formation de l'étincelle, et rend en outre plus faible et progressif la chute de tension après le passage du point de maximum de tension à tmax par rapport au cas classique sans contrôle fréquentiel de la commande durant l'application du signal d'excitation du résonateur.Such a control pattern advantageously allows to keep the maximum amplitude of the voltage applied to the terminals of the capacitance C s of the resonator at the time t max of formation of the spark, and also makes it weaker and gradually the voltage drop after the transition from the point of maximum voltage to t max compared to the conventional case without frequency control of the control during the application of the excitation signal of the resonator.
Une telle modification de la fréquence de commande durant l'application du signal d'excitation du résonateur de la bougie radiofréquence, procure donc une réelle amélioration des caractéristiques de l'étincelle, en permettant de s'approcher au mieux des nouvelles conditions de résonance de l'ensemble et, par conséquent, rend l'allumage plus efficace.Such a modification of the control frequency during the application of the excitation signal of the resonator of the radiofrequency candle, thus provides a real improvement in the characteristics of the spark, allowing to get as close as possible to the new conditions resonance of the assembly and, therefore, makes ignition more efficient.
Ainsi, lorsque la fréquence du signal de commande de l'alimentation est brutalement décalée selon les principes évoqués ci-dessus, on passe avantageusement d'un système parfaitement accordé, au moment du déclenchement de la commande de génération de plasma, à un système "pas tout à fait" désaccordé, au moment de la formation de l'étincelle, dans la mesure où on provoque une diminution de la fréquence d'excitation permettant de tenir compte de la formation de l'étincelle pour adapter la commande du résonateur de la bougie aux nouvelles conditions de résonance.Thus, when the frequency of the control signal of the power supply is abruptly shifted according to the principles mentioned above, it is advantageous to switch from a perfectly tuned system, at the moment of triggering the plasma generation control, to a system " not quite detuned, at the moment of spark formation, insofar as it causes a decrease in the excitation frequency to take into account the formation of the spark to adapt the control of the resonator of the candle with new resonance conditions.
Toutefois, un paramètre essentiel à respecter pour un contrôle fréquentiel optimal selon l'invention de l'alimentation radiofréquence de la bougie, est la synchronisation du changement de fréquence du signal de commande de l'alimentation avec le signal d'excitation du résonateur de la bougie appliqué en sortie du circuit d'alimentation.However, an essential parameter to respect for an optimal frequency control according to the invention of the radiofrequency power supply of the spark plug is the synchronization of the frequency change of the control signal of the power supply with the excitation signal of the resonator of the candle applied at the outlet of the supply circuit.
La
Comme illustré à la
A un moment donné de la commande d'allumage, correspondant de préférence au moment de la formation de l'étincelle, ou juste avant ou juste après, on commande donc un changement de la fréquence du signal de commande V1, correspondant à un saut de fréquence de la fréquence initiale f0 vers une fréquence f1, -choisie, comme expliqué plus haut, dans une plage de fréquence comprise entre f0 et f0 - (Δf/2). La nouvelle valeur de fréquence de commande f1 est par exemple choisie entre f0 et f0 - 100 kHz.At a given moment of the ignition control, preferably corresponding to the moment of the formation of the spark, or just before or just after, a change of the frequency of the control signal V1, corresponding to a jump of frequency of the initial frequency f 0 to a frequency f 1 , -chosen, as explained above, in a frequency range between f 0 and f 0 - (Δf / 2). The new control frequency value f 1 is for example chosen between f 0 and f 0 - 100 kHz.
Le signal de commande V1 passe alors par une phase de basculement de durée tb, dans laquelle il est dans un état bas, précédent l'application de la nouvelle fréquence f1.The control signal V1 then goes through a switching phase of duration t b , in which it is in a low state, preceding the application of the new frequency f 1 .
Comme illustré sur la
Le signal de commande V1 n'est alors plus en phase avec les oscillations du signal d'excitation V2 au moment de l'application de la nouvelle fréquence f1.The control signal V1 is then no longer in phase with the oscillations of the excitation signal V2 at the time of application of the new frequency f 1 .
Il résulte de cette situation que l'amplitude du signal d'excitation V2 décroît au moment du changement de fréquence, et ne remonte que progressivement en se réajustant avec la nouvelle fréquence de commande f1 , comme illustrée par le chronogramme de V2 de la
Ainsi, suite aux pertes pendant la transition, l'efficacité du système est diminuée. De plus, il y a des risques pour l'électronique de puissance de commande et, en particulier, pour l'interrupteur MOS forcé au changement d'état au moment du passage d'un courant important. En effet, la commutation non synchronisée du transistor de puissance va induire des commutations qui ne seront plus à zéro tension ou zéro courant, ce qui conduit à des risques pour le transistor.Thus, following the losses during the transition, the efficiency of the system is decreased. In addition, there are risks for control power electronics and, in particular, for the MOS switch forced to change state when a major current passes. Indeed, the unsynchronized switching of the power transistor will induce switching which will no longer be zero voltage or zero current, which leads to risks for the transistor.
La
Dans ce cas où l'on synchronise le changement de fréquence du signal d'excitation avec le signal de commande, on créé une situation où le signal de commande est continuellement en phase avec les oscillations du signal d'excitation, y compris au moment du changement de fréquence. Il n'y a donc plus de perte de résonance et il est alors possible de garder le maximum de tension, tout en ralentissant la chute de tension après le passage du point de maximum de tension, correspondant à la formation de l'étincelle à l'instant tmax de la commande d'allumage (cf.
Un tel contrôle fréquentiel synchrone du résonateur, permet de maintenir le facteur de qualité maximal de la bougie radiofréquence, quel que soit le régime de son fonctionnement et donc de préserver les caractéristiques de l'étincelle.Such synchronous frequency control of the resonator makes it possible to maintain the maximum quality factor of the radiofrequency candle, whatever the mode of its operation and thus to preserve the characteristics of the spark.
Il est possible en outre d'opérer plusieurs changements brusque de fréquence du signal de commande durant l'application d'un même signal d'excitation du résonateur de la bougie radiofréquence.It is also possible to make several abrupt changes in the frequency of the control signal during the application of the same excitation signal of the resonator of the radiofrequency candle.
Comme on l'a vu, tout changement de fréquence du signal d'excitation du résonateur de la bougie radiofréquence doit se faire en synchronisme avec le signal de commande.As we have seen, any frequency change of the excitation signal of the resonator of the RF candle must be synchronous with the control signal.
Pour ce faire, la durée de basculement tb, par laquelle passe le signal de commande V1 avant application de la nouvelle fréquence de commande, doit de préférence être commandée pour être sensiblement égale à la durée d'une demi-période du signal de commande avant application du changement de fréquence.To do this, the switching time t b , through which the control signal V1 passes before application of the new control frequency, must preferably be controlled to be substantially equal to the duration of a half-period of the control signal. before application of the change of frequency.
Une certaine tolérance est cependant possible pour la commande de la durée tb de basculement du signal de commande vers la nouvelle fréquence de commande. Ainsi, il a été validé que, de manière générale, pour tout changement de fréquence impliquant un saut de fréquence d'une première fréquence f, pouvant être f0, à une seconde fréquence f1, typiquement comprise entre f0 - (Δf/2) et f0, la durée tb de basculement du signal de commande avant application de la nouvelle fréquence doit respecter :
Autrement dit, la durée tb doit être comprise entre 80% et 120% de la durée d'une demi-période du signal de commande à la fréquence f (c'est-à-dire la fréquence avant application de la nouvelle fréquence).In other words, the duration t b must be between 80% and 120% of the duration of a half-period of the control signal at the frequency f (that is to say the frequency before application of the new frequency) .
En outre, pour un gain optimum sur l'amplitude de la tension U(t) générée par le résonateur de la bougie radiofréquence, un changement de fréquence du signal de commande V1 doit être réalisé dans une phase transitoire (référencée phase 1 à la
La réalisation de sauts de fréquence avec les caractéristiques propres à l'invention décrites ci-dessus nécessitent, pour les applications embarquées d'utiliser pour ce faire des microprocesseurs hautes fréquences ou des composants logiques temps réels tels que les FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) ou encore des ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit).Frequency hopping with the characteristics of the invention described above require, for embedded applications to use high frequency microprocessors or real-time logic components such as FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array). or ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuit).
La
Selon l'exemple de la
Ainsi, l'optimisation du développement de l'étincelle de la bougie radiofréquence selon l'invention nécessite de parvenir à rattraper une partie du désaccord du système d'alimentation, en commandant un changement de fréquence en temps réel à l'intérieur d'un train d'excitation de la bougie, en respectant la condition de synchronisation de ce changement avec le signal de commande.Thus, optimizing the development of the spark of the radiofrequency candle according to the invention requires that it be possible to make up part of the disagreement of the power supply system by controlling a frequency change in real time within a train of excitement of the candle, respecting the synchronization condition of this change with the control signal.
Ce mode de contrôle fréquentiel synchrone en temps réel peut être étendu à tout type d'application utilisant un système résonant à première approximation de type LC ou RLC, dont les paramètres intrinsèques évoluent au cours du temps, sous un quelconque effet physique (telle que la fabrication d'une étincelle par exemple), modifiant ainsi sa fréquence de résonance initiale f0 (l'augmentant ou la diminuant).This mode of real-time synchronous frequency control can be extended to any type of application using a LC or RLC-like resonant system, the intrinsic parameters of which change over time, under any physical effect (such as the manufacture of a spark, for example), thus modifying its initial resonant frequency f 0 (increasing or decreasing it).
Dans ces conditions, la modification de la fréquence d'excitation du système résonant doit être synchronisée, selon la description précédente en relation avec l'application d'allumage automobile à génération de plasma, sur le temps tb de basculement du signal de commande vers une nouvelle valeur de fréquence de commande, définissant la nouvelle fréquence d'excitation.Under these conditions, the modification of the excitation frequency of the resonant system must be synchronized, according to the preceding description in relation with the application of automobile ignition to plasma generation, the time t b of switching of the control signal to a new control frequency value, defining the new excitation frequency.
La nouvelle fréquence d'excitation doit en outre se situer entre f0 et f0 +/- (Δf/2) (selon que la fréquence de résonance a augmenté ou diminué), Δf correspondant à la bande passante du système résonant.The new excitation frequency must also be between f 0 and f 0 +/- (Δf / 2) (depending on whether the resonant frequency has increased or decreased), Δf corresponding to the bandwidth of the resonant system.
Le changement de fréquence de résonance du système résonant peut être détecté en temps réel en mesurant une grandeur caractéristique du système résonant, comme par exemple le facteur de qualité. La modification de la fréquence d'excitation du système doit de préférence être opérée dès que l'on détecte une variation de la fréquence de résonance supérieure à 10% de la bande passante Δf.The resonance frequency change of the resonant system can be detected in real time by measuring a characteristic magnitude of the resonant system, such as the quality factor. The modification of the excitation frequency of the system should preferably be made as soon as a variation of the resonance frequency greater than 10% of the bandwidth Δf is detected.
Claims (8)
- Radiofrequency plasma generation device, comprising:- a control module (30) generating a control signal (V1) at a control frequency,- a power supply circuit (20) comprising a breaker (M) controlled by the control signal, the breaker applying an excitation signal (V2) to an output of the power supply circuit at the frequency defined by the control signal,- a resonator (10) exhibiting a resonant frequency of greater than 1 MHz, connected to the output of the power supply circuit and suitable for generating a voltage (U(t)) for producing a spark when it is excited by the excitation signal,said device comprising drive means (40, 50) for the control module (30), suitable for modifying the frequency of the resonator excitation signal in a manner synchronous with the control signal, during the application of said excitation signal,
said drive means being suitable for controlling at least one frequency jump of the control signal from a first frequency value (f0) to a second frequency value (f1), less than said first value,
characterized in that the drive means are suitable for controlling a toggling phase of duration tb of the control signal preceding the application of the second frequency value, the toggling duration lying between 80% and 120% of the duration of a half-period of said signal at the first frequency value. - Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the first frequency value is substantially equal to the resonant frequency of the resonator when spark-less.
- The device according to either one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second frequency value lies in a span lying between f0 - (Δf/2) and f0, f0 being equal to the resonant frequency of the resonator when spark-less and Δf corresponding to the passband of the resonator.
- The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive means are suitable for controlling a frequency jump of the control signal in a transient phase of the voltage signal (U(t)) generated by the resonator, preceding a phase of stabilization of said signal.
- The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive means are suitable for controlling a frequency jump of the control signal, substantially at the moment of the formation of the spark.
- The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control module drive means comprise a voltage-controlled oscillator (40) and means (50) for modulating the drive voltage of said oscillator.
- An internal combustion engine, characterized in that it comprises at least one plasma generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
- Method of controlling a power supply of a radiofrequency ignition of a combustion engine, in which an excitation signal (V2) is applied as input to a resonator (10) at a first frequency defined by a control signal (V1), said resonator exhibiting a resonant frequency of greater than 1 MHz and being able to generate a voltage (U(t)) for producing a spark when it is excited by the excitation signal, said method modifying the frequency of the excitation signal during the application of the latter, in a manner synchronous with the control signal, and in controlling at least one frequency jump of the control signal from a first frequency value (f0) to a second frequency value (f1), less than said first value, said method being characterized in controlling a toggling phase of duration tb of the control signal preceding the application of the second frequency value, the toggling duration lying between 80% and 120% of the duration of a half-period of said signal at the first frequency value.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0855409A FR2934942B1 (en) | 2008-08-05 | 2008-08-05 | CONTROL OF THE FREQUENCY OF EXCITATION OF A RADIOFREQUENCY CANDLE. |
PCT/FR2009/050912 WO2010015757A1 (en) | 2008-08-05 | 2009-05-15 | Monitoring of the excitation frequency of a radiofrequency spark plug |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2315932A1 EP2315932A1 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
EP2315932B1 true EP2315932B1 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
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ID=39930658
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP09784388A Not-in-force EP2315932B1 (en) | 2008-08-05 | 2009-05-15 | Monitoring of the excitation frequency of a radiofrequency spark plug |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20110203543A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2315932B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5460711B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20110055595A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102171442B (en) |
ES (1) | ES2389591T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2934942B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010015757A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2928240B1 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2016-10-28 | Renault Sas | OPTIMIZATION OF THE FREQUENCY OF EXCITATION OF A RADIOFREQUENCY CANDLE. |
FR2935759B1 (en) * | 2008-09-09 | 2010-09-10 | Renault Sas | DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE IONIZATION CURRENT IN A RADIOFREQUENCY IGNITION SYSTEM FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
DE102011052096B4 (en) * | 2010-09-04 | 2019-11-28 | Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh | A method of exciting an RF resonant circuit having as component an igniter for igniting a fuel-air mixture in a combustion chamber |
JP5351874B2 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2013-11-27 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Plasma ignition device and plasma ignition method |
US9181920B2 (en) | 2011-04-04 | 2015-11-10 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | System and method for detecting arc formation in a corona discharge ignition system |
JP5873709B2 (en) * | 2011-08-22 | 2016-03-01 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | High-frequency plasma generation system and high-frequency plasma ignition device using the same. |
DE102012100841B3 (en) * | 2012-02-01 | 2013-05-29 | Borgwarner Beru Systems Gmbh | Method for controlling ignition of fuel-air mixture in cyclically operating combustion engine, involves providing output power of two maxima, preferably three maxima by one or more corona discharges in operating cycle of engine |
DE102012104641B4 (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2014-04-30 | Borgwarner Beru Systems Gmbh | A method for determining the start of combustion in a cyclically operating internal combustion engine, in which a fuel is ignited by a corona discharge |
JP5811119B2 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2015-11-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Ignition device for spark ignition internal combustion engine |
AU2015338676B2 (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2020-08-27 | North-West University | Ignition system for an internal combustion engine and a control method thereof |
CN105003376B (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2017-04-26 | 英国Sunimex有限公司 | Engine radio frequency ignition control method and device |
JP6688140B2 (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2020-04-28 | 株式会社Soken | Control device for internal combustion engine |
US10145352B2 (en) * | 2016-09-02 | 2018-12-04 | Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation | Resonant ignition circuit |
WO2022047227A2 (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-03-03 | Plasma Surgical Investments Limited | Systems, methods, and devices for generating predominantly radially expanded plasma flow |
CN117313619B (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2024-04-19 | 北京航空航天大学 | Analysis method for influence of frequency on atmospheric pressure low-frequency spark discharge characteristics |
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GB1452122A (en) * | 1973-10-10 | 1976-10-13 | British Gas Corp | Electrical circuit arrangements for igniting gaseous fuels |
FR2649759B1 (en) * | 1989-07-13 | 1994-06-10 | Siemens Bendix Automotive Elec | IGNITION DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
US5361737A (en) * | 1992-09-30 | 1994-11-08 | West Virginia University | Radio frequency coaxial cavity resonator as an ignition source and associated method |
US5548471A (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 1996-08-20 | Webster Heating And Specialty Products, Inc. | Circuit and method for spark-igniting fuel |
JP3669600B2 (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 2005-07-06 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Ignition device for internal combustion engine |
JP3119822B2 (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 2000-12-25 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Discharge current supply method and discharge current supply device |
DE10037536C2 (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2002-11-21 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Method and device for plasma ignition in internal combustion engines |
DE10157029A1 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-06-05 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | High frequency ignition for an internal combustion engine |
DE102005036968A1 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-15 | Siemens Ag | Plasma ignition system and method of operation |
FR2895170B1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2008-03-07 | Renault Sas | OPTIMIZING THE EXCITATION FREQUENCY OF A RESONATOR |
FR2895169B1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2008-08-01 | Renault Sas | OPTIMIZING THE EXCITATION FREQUENCY OF A RESONATOR |
FR2913298B1 (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2009-04-17 | Renault Sas | CONTROL OF A PLURALITY OF CANDLE COILS VIA A SINGLE POWER FLOOR |
FR2913299B1 (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2009-04-17 | Renault Sas | PILOTAGE OF A PLURALITY OF CANDLE COILS VIA A SINGLE POWER STAGE. |
FR2914530B1 (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2014-06-20 | Renault Sas | OPTIMAL DRIVING AT THE RESONANCE FREQUENCY OF A RESONATOR OF A RADIOFREQUENCY IGNITION. |
FR2928240B1 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2016-10-28 | Renault Sas | OPTIMIZATION OF THE FREQUENCY OF EXCITATION OF A RADIOFREQUENCY CANDLE. |
-
2008
- 2008-08-05 FR FR0855409A patent/FR2934942B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-05-15 US US13/057,349 patent/US20110203543A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-05-15 KR KR1020117005014A patent/KR20110055595A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-05-15 WO PCT/FR2009/050912 patent/WO2010015757A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-05-15 EP EP09784388A patent/EP2315932B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-05-15 CN CN2009801392924A patent/CN102171442B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-05-15 JP JP2011521615A patent/JP5460711B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-05-15 ES ES09784388T patent/ES2389591T3/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2934942A1 (en) | 2010-02-12 |
US20110203543A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
KR20110055595A (en) | 2011-05-25 |
FR2934942B1 (en) | 2010-09-10 |
CN102171442A (en) | 2011-08-31 |
JP5460711B2 (en) | 2014-04-02 |
ES2389591T3 (en) | 2012-10-29 |
CN102171442B (en) | 2013-03-06 |
WO2010015757A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
JP2011530039A (en) | 2011-12-15 |
EP2315932A1 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
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