EP2080254B1 - Radiofrequency plasma generation device - Google Patents

Radiofrequency plasma generation device Download PDF

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EP2080254B1
EP2080254B1 EP07823538A EP07823538A EP2080254B1 EP 2080254 B1 EP2080254 B1 EP 2080254B1 EP 07823538 A EP07823538 A EP 07823538A EP 07823538 A EP07823538 A EP 07823538A EP 2080254 B1 EP2080254 B1 EP 2080254B1
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shield
capacitor
coil
int
electrodes
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EP2080254A1 (en
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André AGNERAY
Marc Pariente
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Renault SAS
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Renault SAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01TSPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/40Sparking plugs structurally combined with other devices
    • H01T13/44Sparking plugs structurally combined with other devices with transformers, e.g. for high-frequency ignition
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01TSPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/50Sparking plugs having means for ionisation of gap

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  • the present invention relates generally to the generation of plasma in a gas, and more particularly to inductively coupled plasma generation devices.
  • Plasma generation is used in particular for the controlled ignition of internal combustion engines by the electrodes of a candle, but can also be used, for example, for sterilization in an air conditioning process or pollution control systems.
  • the invention relates to a plasma generating device comprising two electrodes, a series resonator having a resonance frequency greater than 1 MHz and comprising a capacitor provided with two terminals, and an inductive winding surrounded by a shield, the capacitor and the coil being arranged in series, the electrodes being connected to the respective terminals of the capacitor.
  • Such a device is in particular described in the form of a candle in the document FR 2,859,830 .
  • This type of spark plug has reduced internal stray capacitances and forms a series resonator with a high overvoltage coefficient.
  • this device makes it possible to maintain a radiofrequency voltage between its electrodes for the generation of a plasma, its optimization has hitherto been problematic.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an even more efficient radiofrequency plasma generation device.
  • the device of the present invention is essentially characterized in that the ratio of the winding radius r int to the shield radius r ext is between 0.5 and 0.6 and preferably 0.56.
  • the spark plug 110 may be fixed on the cylinder head 104 of an internal combustion engine 105 of a motor vehicle.
  • the surface effect spark plug 110 comprises a low voltage cylindrical electrode which serves as a metal base 103 intended to be screwed into a recess made in a motor cylinder head and opening inside the combustion chamber.
  • the base 103 is intended to be electrically connected to ground.
  • the base 103 surrounds a cylindrical high voltage electrode 106 arranged in a central position.
  • the electrode 106 is isolated from the base 103 via an insulating sleeve 100.
  • the insulating sleeve consists of a material whose relative permittivity is greater than 1, for example a ceramic.
  • the spark plug has a gap 105 between the dielectric 100 and one end of the electrode 103.
  • Electrodes and insulation having materials and geometry adequate to initiate combustion in a mixture at a combustion density and to resist the plasma thus formed.
  • the figure 1 also shows a sectional view of a candle advantageously incorporating a series resonator as described in the document of the prior art mentioned above.
  • the spark plug 110 has a connection terminal 131, connected to a first end of an inductive winding 112.
  • the second end of the inductive winding 112 is connected to an inner end of the high voltage electrode 106. This end is also in contact with an insulating element 111 forming the capacitor.
  • the electrodes 103 and 106 are in this example separated by the dielectric material 100.
  • the series resonator integrated in the spark plug 110 comprises the inductive winding 112 and the insulating element 100 also forming the capacitor between the electrodes 103 and 106.
  • the capacitor and the inductive winding 112 are arranged in series.
  • the serial capacitance of the series resonator is formed of the capacitor and internal parasitic capacitances of the candle. This capacitance is arranged in series with an inductor to form the series resonator. When the length of the connection between the inductor and the capacitor is reduced, we reduce the parasitic capacitances in the candle.
  • the candle 110 is thus used to maintain the alternating voltage between the electrodes 103 and 106, in the desired frequency range, preferably from 1 Mhz to 20 Mhz.
  • the integrated series resonator in the candle preferably has a single inductive coil 112, facilitating the manufacture of such a candle.
  • the single inductive winding 112 preferably has an axis (identified by the dashed line) and consists of a plurality of turns superimposed along its axis. It is thus understood that the projection of a turn is identical to the projection of all the turns along this axis. The parasitic capacitances are then limited by not superimposing turns radially.
  • the spark plug further advantageously comprises a shield 132 connected to a ground and surrounding the inductive winding 112.
  • the field lines are thus closed inside the shielding 132.
  • the shielding 132 thus reduces the parasitic electromagnetic emissions of the spark plug 110.
  • coil 112 can indeed generate intense electromagnetic fields with the radiofrequency excitation that is intended to apply between the electrodes. These fields may notably disrupt embedded systems of a vehicle or exceed thresholds defined in emission standards.
  • the shield 132 is preferably made of a non-ferrous material of high conductivity, such as copper or silver. We can in particular use a conductive loop as shielding 132.
  • the coil 112 and the shield 132 are preferably separated by an insulating sleeve 133 of a suitable dielectric material, having a dielectric coefficient of greater than 1, and preferably a good dielectric strength to further reduce the risk of breakdown or failure. effluvia, causing energy dissipation.
  • the dielectric material may for example be one of the silicone resins sold under the references Elastosil M4601, Elastosil RTV-2 or Elastosil RT622 (the latter having a breakdown voltage of 20 kV / mm and a dielectric constant of 2.8). It can be provided that the outer surface of the sleeve 133 is metallized to form the shielding 132 above.
  • winding 112 around a solid element 134 made of insulating and / or non-magnetic material, preferably both. This further reduces the risk of breakdown and parasitic capacitances.
  • a plasma formed using such a device has many interests in the context of automotive ignition such as a significant decrease in the rate of misfires in a stratified lean mixture system, a reduction of wear of the electrodes or an adaptation of the ignition initiation volume as a function of density.
  • Radiofrequency excitation is also adapted to a plasma deposition application, in a gas having a density of between 10 -2 mol / L and 5 * 10 -2 mol / L.
  • the gas used in this application can typically be nitrogen or air, especially ambient air.
  • the radiofrequency excitation is further adapted to an application for the depollution of a gas having a density of between 10 -2 mol / L and 5 * 10 -2 mol / L.
  • the radio frequency excitation is furthermore suitable for a lighting application using a gas having a molar density of between 0.2 mol / l and 1 mol / l.
  • the current which passes the son of the coil 112 will be distributed between the inner surface and the outer surface of the son in the ratio of magnetic fields.
  • the magnetic field is homogeneous in the winding support and in the space between the winding and the shielding.
  • r int is the winding radius
  • r ext is the shield radius
  • B int is the magnetic field in the winding
  • B ext is the magnetic field between the winding and the shield.
  • This parameter thus makes it possible for any type of radiofrequency plasma generating device, for example an engine spark plug, to optimize their overvoltage coefficient.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Air Filters, Heat-Exchange Apparatuses, And Housings Of Air-Conditioning Units (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)

Abstract

A device including two plasma generation electrodes, a series resonator having a resonant frequency above 1 MHz and including a capacitor with two terminals, and an induction coil surrounded by a screen, the capacitor and the coil being placed in series, the electrodes being connected to the respective terminals of the capacitor. The ratio of the spark plug to the radius of the screen is equal to 0.56. The device can optimize the Q-factor of such a device by adjusting the radius of the coil to that of the screen.

Description

La présente invention concerne de façon générale la génération de plasma dans un gaz, et plus particulièrement les dispositifs de génération de plasma à inductance intégrée. La génération de plasma est notamment utilisée pour l'allumage commandé de moteurs à combustion interne par les électrodes d'une bougie, mais peut également être utilisée, par exemple, pour une stérilisation dans un procédé de climatisation ou des systèmes de dépollution.The present invention relates generally to the generation of plasma in a gas, and more particularly to inductively coupled plasma generation devices. Plasma generation is used in particular for the controlled ignition of internal combustion engines by the electrodes of a candle, but can also be used, for example, for sterilization in an air conditioning process or pollution control systems.

Plus précisément, l'invention concerne un dispositif de génération de plasma comprenant deux électrodes, un résonateur série présentant une fréquence de résonance supérieure à 1MHz et comprenant un condensateur muni de deux bornes, et un bobinage inductif entouré par un blindage, le condensateur et le bobinage étant disposés en série, les électrodes étant connectées aux bornes respectives du condensateur.More specifically, the invention relates to a plasma generating device comprising two electrodes, a series resonator having a resonance frequency greater than 1 MHz and comprising a capacitor provided with two terminals, and an inductive winding surrounded by a shield, the capacitor and the coil being arranged in series, the electrodes being connected to the respective terminals of the capacitor.

Un tel dispositif est notamment décrit sous forme de bougie dans le document FR 2 859 830 . Ce type de bougie présente des capacités parasites internes réduites et forme un résonateur série présentant un coefficient de surtension élevé. Bien que ce dispositif permette d'entretenir une tension radiofréquence entre ses électrodes pour la génération d'un plasma, son optimisation restait jusqu'à présent problématique.Such a device is in particular described in the form of a candle in the document FR 2,859,830 . This type of spark plug has reduced internal stray capacitances and forms a series resonator with a high overvoltage coefficient. Although this device makes it possible to maintain a radiofrequency voltage between its electrodes for the generation of a plasma, its optimization has hitherto been problematic.

Dans ce contexte, le but de l'invention est de proposer un dispositif de génération de plasma radiofréquence encore plus performant.In this context, the object of the invention is to provide an even more efficient radiofrequency plasma generation device.

A cette fin, le dispositif de la présente invention, par ailleurs conforme à définition qu'en donne le préambule ci-dessus, est essentiellement caractérisé en ce que le rapport du rayon de bobinage rint sur le rayon du blindage rext est compris entre 0,5 et 0,6 et de préférence égal à 0,56.To this end, the device of the present invention, also in accordance with the definition given in the preamble above, is essentially characterized in that the ratio of the winding radius r int to the shield radius r ext is between 0.5 and 0.6 and preferably 0.56.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront clairement à la lecture de la description suivante qui est donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif et en regard des figures.

  • La figure 1 représente une représentation schématique en coupe d'un exemple de bougie utilisable dans le système de génération de plasma ; et
  • La figure 2 représente un graphique représentant une étude du coefficient de surtension (y) en fonction du rapport rint/rext (x).
  • La figure 1 illustre des détails de la structure d'un dispositif de génération plasma radiofréquence de l'art antérieur, sous forme d'une bougie à étincelle de surface, pour lequel l'application d'une excitation radiofréquence s'avère particulièrement avantageuse.
Other features and advantages of the invention will become clear from reading the following description which is given by way of non-limiting example and with reference to the figures.
  • The figure 1 represents a diagrammatic representation in section of an example of a candle that can be used in the plasma generation system; and
  • The figure 2 represents a graph representing a study of the overvoltage coefficient (y) as a function of the ratio r int / r ext (x).
  • The figure 1 illustrates details of the structure of a radiofrequency plasma generation device of the prior art, in the form of a surface spark plug, for which the application of radiofrequency excitation is particularly advantageous.

La bougie 110 peut être fixée sur la culasse 104 d'un moteur 105 à combustion interne d'un véhicule automobile.The spark plug 110 may be fixed on the cylinder head 104 of an internal combustion engine 105 of a motor vehicle.

La bougie à effet de surface 110 comprend une électrode cylindrique basse tension qui sert de culot métallique 103 destiné à se visser dans un évidement réalisé dans une culasse de moteur et débouchant à l'intérieur de la chambre de combustion. Le culot 103 est destiné à être connecté électriquement à la masse. Ainsi, le culot 103 entoure une électrode haute tension cylindrique 106 disposée en position centrale. L'électrode 106 est isolée du culot 103 par l'intermédiaire d'un manchon isolant 100. Le manchon isolant est constitué d'une matière dont la permittivité relative est supérieure à 1, par exemple une céramique. La bougie présente un espace 105 séparant le diélectrique 100 et une extrémité de l'électrode 103.The surface effect spark plug 110 comprises a low voltage cylindrical electrode which serves as a metal base 103 intended to be screwed into a recess made in a motor cylinder head and opening inside the combustion chamber. The base 103 is intended to be electrically connected to ground. Thus, the base 103 surrounds a cylindrical high voltage electrode 106 arranged in a central position. The electrode 106 is isolated from the base 103 via an insulating sleeve 100. The insulating sleeve consists of a material whose relative permittivity is greater than 1, for example a ceramic. The spark plug has a gap 105 between the dielectric 100 and one end of the electrode 103.

Pour une application à l'allumage automobile, l'homme de métier utilisera des électrodes et un isolant présentant des matériaux et une géométrie adéquats pour initier une combustion dans un mélange à une densité de combustion et pour résister au plasma ainsi formé.For automotive ignition applications, those skilled in the art will utilize electrodes and insulation having materials and geometry adequate to initiate combustion in a mixture at a combustion density and to resist the plasma thus formed.

La figure 1 représente également une vue en coupe d'une bougie intégrant avantageusement un résonateur série tel que décrit dans le document de l'art antérieur mentionné plus haut. La bougie 110 présente une borne de connexion 131, connectée à une première extrémité d'un bobinage inductif 112. La deuxième extrémité du bobinage inductif 112 est connectée à une extrémité interne de l'électrode haute tension 106. Cette extrémité est également en contact avec un élément isolant 111 formant le condensateur.The figure 1 also shows a sectional view of a candle advantageously incorporating a series resonator as described in the document of the prior art mentioned above. The spark plug 110 has a connection terminal 131, connected to a first end of an inductive winding 112. The second end of the inductive winding 112 is connected to an inner end of the high voltage electrode 106. This end is also in contact with an insulating element 111 forming the capacitor.

Les électrodes 103 et 106 sont dans cet exemple séparées par le matériau diélectrique 100. Le résonateur série intégré dans la bougie 110 comprend le bobinage inductif 112 et l'élément isolant 100 formant également le condensateur entre les électrodes 103 et 106. Le condensateur et le bobinage inductif 112 sont disposés en série. La capacité série du résonateur série est formée du condensateur et des capacités parasites internes de la bougie. Cette capacité est disposée en série avec une inductance pour former le résonateur série. Lorsque la longueur de la connexion entre l'inductance et le condensateur est réduite, on réduit les capacités parasites dans la bougie. La bougie 110 est ainsi utilisée pour entretenir la tension alternative entre les électrodes 103 et 106, dans le domaine de fréquence souhaité, préférablement de 1 Mhz à 20 Mhz.The electrodes 103 and 106 are in this example separated by the dielectric material 100. The series resonator integrated in the spark plug 110 comprises the inductive winding 112 and the insulating element 100 also forming the capacitor between the electrodes 103 and 106. The capacitor and the inductive winding 112 are arranged in series. The serial capacitance of the series resonator is formed of the capacitor and internal parasitic capacitances of the candle. This capacitance is arranged in series with an inductor to form the series resonator. When the length of the connection between the inductor and the capacitor is reduced, we reduce the parasitic capacitances in the candle. The candle 110 is thus used to maintain the alternating voltage between the electrodes 103 and 106, in the desired frequency range, preferably from 1 Mhz to 20 Mhz.

Le résonateur série intégré dans la bougie présente de préférence un unique bobinage inductif 112, facilitant la fabrication d'une telle bougie.The integrated series resonator in the candle preferably has a single inductive coil 112, facilitating the manufacture of such a candle.

Un nombre important de spires dans le bobinage unique 112 est nécessaire pour obtenir une inductance de l'ordre de 50 µH. Or, un nombre de spires important génère des capacités parasites. L'unique bobinage inductif 112 présente de préférence un axe (identifié par la ligne en trait mixte) et est constitué d'une pluralité de spires superposées suivant son axe. On entend ainsi que la projection d'une spire est identique à la projection de toutes les spires suivant cet axe. On limite alors les capacités parasites en ne superposant pas des spires radialement.A large number of turns in the single winding 112 is necessary to obtain an inductance of the order of 50 μH. However, a large number of turns generates parasitic capacitances. The single inductive winding 112 preferably has an axis (identified by the dashed line) and consists of a plurality of turns superimposed along its axis. It is thus understood that the projection of a turn is identical to the projection of all the turns along this axis. The parasitic capacitances are then limited by not superimposing turns radially.

La bougie comprend en outre avantageusement un blindage 132 connecté à une masse et entourant le bobinage inductif 112. Les lignes de champ sont ainsi refermées à l'intérieur du blindage 132. Le blindage 132 réduit ainsi les émissions électromagnétiques parasites de la bougie 110. Le bobinage 112 peut en effet générer des champs électromagnétiques intenses avec l'excitation radiofréquence qu'il est envisagé d'appliquer entre les électrodes. Ces champs peuvent notamment perturber des systèmes embarqués d'un véhicule ou dépasser des seuils définis dans des normes d'émission. Le blindage 132 est de préférence constitué d'un matériau non ferreux à conductivité élevée, tel que le cuivre ou l'argent. On peut notamment utiliser une boucle conductrice comme blindage 132.The spark plug further advantageously comprises a shield 132 connected to a ground and surrounding the inductive winding 112. The field lines are thus closed inside the shielding 132. The shielding 132 thus reduces the parasitic electromagnetic emissions of the spark plug 110. coil 112 can indeed generate intense electromagnetic fields with the radiofrequency excitation that is intended to apply between the electrodes. These fields may notably disrupt embedded systems of a vehicle or exceed thresholds defined in emission standards. The shield 132 is preferably made of a non-ferrous material of high conductivity, such as copper or silver. We can in particular use a conductive loop as shielding 132.

Le bobinage 112 et le blindage 132 sont de préférence séparés par un manchon d'isolation 133 en un matériau diélectrique approprié, présentant un coefficient diélectrique supérieur à 1, et de préférence une bonne rigidité diélectrique afin de réduire encore le risque de claquage ou d'effluve, à l'origine de dissipations d'énergie. Bien entendu, plus les dissipations d'énergie sont faibles, plus l'amplitude de la tension appliquée entre les électrodes est élevée et plus la durée de vie de la bougie est élevée. Le matériau diélectrique peut par exemple être une des résines silicones commercialisées sous les références Elastosil M4601, Elastosil RTV-2 ou Elastosil RT622 (cette dernière présentant une tension de claquage de 20 kV/mm et une constante diélectrique de 2,8). On peut prévoir que la surface extérieure du manchon 133 soit métallisée pour constituer le blindage 132 précité.The coil 112 and the shield 132 are preferably separated by an insulating sleeve 133 of a suitable dielectric material, having a dielectric coefficient of greater than 1, and preferably a good dielectric strength to further reduce the risk of breakdown or failure. effluvia, causing energy dissipation. Of course, the lower the energy dissipation, the greater the amplitude of the voltage applied between the electrodes and the longer the life of the candle is high. The dielectric material may for example be one of the silicone resins sold under the references Elastosil M4601, Elastosil RTV-2 or Elastosil RT622 (the latter having a breakdown voltage of 20 kV / mm and a dielectric constant of 2.8). It can be provided that the outer surface of the sleeve 133 is metallized to form the shielding 132 above.

De façon générale, on privilégiera un enroulement du bobinage 112 autour d'un élément plein 134 réalisé en matériau isolant et/ou amagnétique, de préférence les deux. On réduit ainsi encore les risques de claquage et les capacités parasites.In general, it will be preferred to wind the winding 112 around a solid element 134 made of insulating and / or non-magnetic material, preferably both. This further reduces the risk of breakdown and parasitic capacitances.

Un plasma formé à l'aide d'un tel dispositif présente de nombreux intérêts dans le cadre de l'allumage automobile tel qu'une diminution sensible du taux de ratés dans un système à mélange pauvre stratifié, une réduction de l'usure des électrodes ou encore une adaptation du volume d'initiation de l'allumage en fonction de la densité.A plasma formed using such a device has many interests in the context of automotive ignition such as a significant decrease in the rate of misfires in a stratified lean mixture system, a reduction of wear of the electrodes or an adaptation of the ignition initiation volume as a function of density.

Une excitation radiofréquence est également adaptée à une application de dépôt plasma, dans un gaz présentant une densité comprise entre 10-2 mol/L et 5*10-2 mol/L. Le gaz utilisé dans cette application peut typiquement être de l'azote ou de l'air, air ambiant en particulier.Radiofrequency excitation is also adapted to a plasma deposition application, in a gas having a density of between 10 -2 mol / L and 5 * 10 -2 mol / L. The gas used in this application can typically be nitrogen or air, especially ambient air.

L'excitation radiofréquence est encore adaptée à une application de dépollution d'un gaz présentant une densité comprise entre 10-2 mol/L et 5*10-2 mol/L.The radiofrequency excitation is further adapted to an application for the depollution of a gas having a density of between 10 -2 mol / L and 5 * 10 -2 mol / L.

L'excitation radiofréquence est en outre adaptée à une application d'éclairage faisant appel à un gaz présentant une densité molaire comprise entre 0,2 mol/L et 1 mol/L.The radio frequency excitation is furthermore suitable for a lighting application using a gas having a molar density of between 0.2 mol / l and 1 mol / l.

Selon la présente invention, afin d'optimiser le coefficient de surtension Q = Lw/R, il est nécessaire de déterminer L, représentant la self, et R représentant la résistance. Pour cela, un modèle de bobinage long à spire rectangulaire est adopté.According to the present invention, in order to optimize the overvoltage coefficient Q = Lw / R, it is necessary to determine L, representing the self, and R representing the resistance. For this, a long winding model with rectangular turns is adopted.

Le courant qui passe les fils du bobinage 112 va se répartir entre la surface interne et la surface externe des fils dans le rapport des champs magnétiques. En considérant que le bobinage est suffisamment long, et grâce au blindage, le champ magnétique est homogène dans le support du bobinage et dans l'espace entre le bobinage et le blindage. Le flux dans l'espace entre le bobinage et le blindage est donc sensiblement égal au flux dans le support de bobinage, et les champs magnétique sont donc dans les rapports des sections, ce qui donne : B ext = B int * r 2 int / r 2 ext - r 2 int

Figure imgb0001
The current which passes the son of the coil 112 will be distributed between the inner surface and the outer surface of the son in the ratio of magnetic fields. Considering that the winding is long enough, and thanks to the shielding, the magnetic field is homogeneous in the winding support and in the space between the winding and the shielding. The flux in the space between the winding and the shielding is therefore substantially equal to the flux in the winding support, and the magnetic fields are therefore in the ratios of the sections, which gives: B ext = B int * r 2 int / r 2 ext - r 2 int
Figure imgb0001

où rint est le rayon du bobinage, rext le rayon du blindage, Bint le champ magnétique dans le bobinage et Bext le champ magnétique entre le bobinage et le blindage.where r int is the winding radius, r ext is the shield radius, B int is the magnetic field in the winding, and B ext is the magnetic field between the winding and the shield.

En admettant que la répartition du courant est entièrement surfacique, l'application de Navier-Stockes à µ0B sur un circuit carré de largeur égale au pas traversant la surface donne : I ext = B ext / μ 0 * pas et I int = B int / μ 0 * pas

Figure imgb0002

en posant I = I int + I ext et x = r int / r ext
Figure imgb0003

on déduit : I int / I = 1 - x 2 et I ext / I = x 2
Figure imgb0004

où I représente le courant électrique, Iext le courant électrique dans le blindage et Iint le courant électrique dans le bobinage.Assuming that the distribution of the current is entirely surface, the application of Navier-Stockes at μ 0 B on a square circuit of width equal to the pitch crossing the surface gives: I ext = B ext / μ 0 * not and I int = B int / μ 0 * not
Figure imgb0002

by asking I = I int + I ext and x = r int / r ext
Figure imgb0003

we deduce : I int / I = 1 - x 2 and I ext / I = x 2
Figure imgb0004

where I represents the electric current, I ext the electrical current in the shield and I int the electric current in the coil.

La variable x qui représente le rapport du rayon du bobinage sur le rayon du blindage, est ainsi exprimée, il faut à présent exprimer R et L en fonction de x de manière à trouver une valeur de x maximisant Q= Lw/R.The variable x which represents the ratio of the winding radius to the radius of the shielding is thus expressed, it is now necessary to express R and L as a function of x so as to find a value of x maximizing Q = Lw / R.

Le bilan énergétique des pertes donne : RI é = ρ n 2 π δ pas r int I ext 2 + I int 2 + r ext I ext 2

Figure imgb0005

Soit : R = ρ n 2 π δ pas r ext 2 x 4 + x 3 - 2 x 2 + 1
Figure imgb0006
The energy balance of the losses gives: RI ed = ρ not 2 π δ not r int I ext 2 + I int 2 + r ext I ext 2
Figure imgb0005

Is : R = ρ not 2 π δ not r ext 2 x 4 + x 3 - 2 x 2 + 1
Figure imgb0006

En plus, la self L peut être calculée de la manière suivante : LI = n B int π r int 2 = μ 0 n I int pas π r int 2 = μ 0 n I 1 - x 2 pas π r int 2

Figure imgb0007

Ainsi le coefficient de qualité est égal à : Q = Lw R = μ 0 δω 2 ρ r ext x 1 - x 2 2 x 4 + x 3 - 2 x 2 + 1
Figure imgb0008

Sachant que δ = 2 ρ μ 0 ω ,
Figure imgb0009
on en déduit que : Q = Lw R = r ext δ x 1 - x 2 2 x 4 + x 3 - 2 x 2 + 1
Figure imgb0010
In addition, the self L can be calculated as follows: LI = not B int π r int 2 = μ 0 not I int not π r int 2 = μ 0 not I 1 - x 2 not π r int 2
Figure imgb0007

Thus the quality coefficient is equal to: Q = lw R = μ 0 δω 2 ρ r ext x 1 - x 2 2 x 4 + x 3 - 2 x 2 + 1
Figure imgb0008

Knowing that δ = 2 ρ μ 0 ω ,
Figure imgb0009
it follows that: Q = lw R = r ext δ x 1 - x 2 2 x 4 + x 3 - 2 x 2 + 1
Figure imgb0010

Ainsi, en posant y = x 1 - x 2 2 x 4 + x 3 - 2 x 2 + 1 ʹ

Figure imgb0011
l'étude de cette fonction donne le graphique représenté à la figure 2 et permet d'établir que le maximum de la fraction polynomiale se situe à y=0,516 pour x = 0,56.So, by posing there = x 1 - x 2 2 x 4 + x 3 - 2 x 2 + 1 '
Figure imgb0011
the study of this function gives the graph represented at the figure 2 and establishes that the maximum of the polynomial fraction is y = 0.516 for x = 0.56.

Ainsi en conclusion, il ressort de ce calcul que le rapport de rayon de bobinage sur rayon de blindage doit être de 0,56 pour avoir un coefficient de surtension maximal.Thus in conclusion, it follows from this calculation that the ratio of winding radius to shielding radius must be 0.56 to have a maximum overvoltage coefficient.

Cependant, après avoir effectué des essais et comme la courbe le montre, il semblerait qu'un rapport de rayon de bobinage sur rayon de blindage compris dans une gamme de 0,5 à 0,6 donne des résultats très satisfaisants, permettant une amélioration considérable du coefficient de surtension.However, after having performed tests and as the curve shows, it would seem that a shielding radius winding radius ratio in a range of 0.5 to 0.6 gives very satisfactory results, allowing considerable improvement. the overvoltage coefficient.

Ce paramètre permet ainsi à tous type de dispositif de génération de plasma à radiofréquence, par exemple une bougie d'allumage moteur, d'optimiser leur coefficient de surtension.This parameter thus makes it possible for any type of radiofrequency plasma generating device, for example an engine spark plug, to optimize their overvoltage coefficient.

Il est important de remarque que l'application d'une telle gamme de rapport entre le diamètre d'un bobinage et d'un blindage est, selon un mode de réalisation préféré applicable à une bougie d'allumage moteur, mais peut aussi être appliqué à l'un quelconque dispositif de génération plasma radiofréquence.It is important to note that the application of such a ratio range between the diameter of a winding and a shield is, according to a preferred embodiment applicable to a motor spark plug, but can also be applied to any radio frequency plasma generation device.

Claims (11)

  1. Plasma generating device (110) comprising two electrodes (103, 106), a series resonator with a resonant frequency higher than 1 MHz and comprising a capacitor (111) equipped with two terminals and an inductive coil (112) surrounded by a shield (132), the capacitor and the coil being arranged in series, the electrodes being connected to the respective terminals of the capacitor, the device being characterized in that the ratio of the radius of the coil (rint) to the radius of the shield (rext) is between 0.5 and 0.6 and preferably equal to 0.56.
  2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the series resonator comprises a single inductive coil (112).
  3. Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the series resonator has a resonant frequency in the range from 1 MHz to 20 MHz.
  4. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radiofrequency plasma generating device is an engine spark plug.
  5. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shield (132) and the inductive coil (112) are separated by an insulating sleeve (133) made of a material that has a dielectric coefficient greater than 1.
  6. Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the exterior surface (132) of the insulating sleeve is metalized and constitutes the shield.
  7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shield comprises a conductive loop.
  8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inductive coil (112) is wound around a solid element (134) made of a nonmagnetic material.
  9. Device according to Claim 6 or Claim 8, characterized in that one of said insulating materials has a withstand voltage higher than 20 kV/mm.
  10. Use of a device according to any one of the preceding claims for igniting combustion in an internal combustion engine motor vehicle.
  11. Use of a device according to any one of the preceding claims for sterilization in the context of an air-conditioning method.
EP07823538A 2006-10-17 2007-07-03 Radiofrequency plasma generation device Active EP2080254B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0609081A FR2907269B1 (en) 2006-10-17 2006-10-17 DEVICE FOR GENERATING RADIOFREQUENCY PLASMA.
PCT/FR2007/051582 WO2008047013A1 (en) 2006-10-17 2007-07-03 Radiofrequency plasma generation device

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FR2907269A1 (en) 2008-04-18
ATE461544T1 (en) 2010-04-15
ES2342987T3 (en) 2010-07-20
FR2907269B1 (en) 2009-01-30
WO2008047013A1 (en) 2008-04-24
DE602007005395D1 (en) 2010-04-29
US20100187999A1 (en) 2010-07-29
JP2010507206A (en) 2010-03-04
JP5108892B2 (en) 2012-12-26
US8278807B2 (en) 2012-10-02

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