EP2314380B1 - Distributeur - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP2314380B1
EP2314380B1 EP10011452.9A EP10011452A EP2314380B1 EP 2314380 B1 EP2314380 B1 EP 2314380B1 EP 10011452 A EP10011452 A EP 10011452A EP 2314380 B1 EP2314380 B1 EP 2314380B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid storage
capillary channel
liquid
storage reservoir
discharging device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10011452.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2314380A2 (fr
EP2314380A3 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Greiner-Perth
Matthias Wochele
Peter Stadelhofer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aptar Radolfzell GmbH
Original Assignee
Aptar Radolfzell GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aptar Radolfzell GmbH filed Critical Aptar Radolfzell GmbH
Publication of EP2314380A2 publication Critical patent/EP2314380A2/fr
Publication of EP2314380A3 publication Critical patent/EP2314380A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2314380B1 publication Critical patent/EP2314380B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005—Components or details
    • B05B11/0037—Containers
    • B05B11/0039—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means
    • B05B11/0044—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means compensating underpressure by ingress of atmospheric air into the container, i.e. with venting means
    • B05B11/00442—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means compensating underpressure by ingress of atmospheric air into the container, i.e. with venting means the means being actuated by the difference between the atmospheric pressure and the pressure inside the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005—Components or details
    • B05B11/0037—Containers
    • B05B11/0039—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means
    • B05B11/0044—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means compensating underpressure by ingress of atmospheric air into the container, i.e. with venting means
    • B05B11/00446—Containers associated with means for compensating the pressure difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure inside the container, e.g. pressure relief means compensating underpressure by ingress of atmospheric air into the container, i.e. with venting means the means being located at the bottom of the container or of an enclosure surrounding the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/02—Membranes or pistons acting on the contents inside the container, e.g. follower pistons
    • B05B11/026—Membranes separating the content remaining in the container from the atmospheric air to compensate underpressure inside the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1001—Piston pumps
    • B05B11/1023—Piston pumps having an outlet valve opened by deformation or displacement of the piston relative to its actuating stem
    • B05B11/1026—Piston pumps having an outlet valve opened by deformation or displacement of the piston relative to its actuating stem the piston being deformable and its deformation allowing opening of the outlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1028—Pumps having a pumping chamber with a deformable wall
    • B05B11/1032—Pumps having a pumping chamber with a deformable wall actuated without substantial movement of the nozzle in the direction of the pressure stroke
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1028—Pumps having a pumping chamber with a deformable wall
    • B05B11/1035—Pumps having a pumping chamber with a deformable wall the pumping chamber being a bellow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1042—Components or details
    • B05B11/1043—Sealing or attachment arrangements between pump and container
    • B05B11/1046—Sealing or attachment arrangements between pump and container the pump chamber being arranged substantially coaxially to the neck of the container
    • B05B11/1047—Sealing or attachment arrangements between pump and container the pump chamber being arranged substantially coaxially to the neck of the container the pump being preassembled as an independent unit before being mounted on the container

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a discharge device for liquids, in particular for pharmaceutical liquids, with a conveyor, with a connected to the input side of the conveyor liquid storage for storing the liquid and with an output side of the conveyor associated discharge opening.
  • the liquid reservoir is at least partially formed as a formflexibler fluid pouch and arranged in a volume-constant receiving space.
  • Discharge devices for liquids in particular pharmaceutical liquids, are widely known from the prior art. They serve, for example, as donors for nasal, oral or other pharmaceutical applications as well as dispensers for cosmetic products.
  • a user can convey by means of the conveyor liquid from the liquid storage to the discharge, from where the liquid is discharged, for example in the form of a spray.
  • a particularly common design of such dispensers provides that the liquid storage has a fixed internal volume.
  • air can flow into the liquid reservoir through a compensation channel, so that the ambient pressure again approaches that in the liquid reservoir ,
  • the liquid storage is dimensionally flexible and thus can change its internal volume in the course of the discharge of liquid. It requires therefore no Nachströmens of air in the liquid storage. It is also known to arrange this form-flexible liquid storage within a volume-constant receiving space, so that the form-flexible liquid storage from the outside is not visible to the user and also a mechanical violation of the liquid storage is not to be feared.
  • a pressure equalization channel is usually provided, through which the receiving space is connected to an environment, so that the increase of not occupied by the liquid storage volume of the receiving space in the course of emptying the liquid reservoir can be compensated by inflowing air to thereby in Reception room and in the liquid storage environment pressure to maintain.
  • Such a discharge device is for example made US 2006/037968 A1 known, wherein a pressure equalization channel is provided on an outer side of the liquid reservoir, which is associated with a valve opening for the purpose of pressure equalization.
  • the known from the prior art generic construction is disadvantageous, since the thin wall of the flexible liquid reservoir usually can not prevent liquid from escaping from the liquid storage in the receiving space and thus takes place a change of liquid in the liquid storage, in particular a change in concentration of the active substance contained in the liquid in pharmaceutical fluids. Since in the generic discharge devices described a largely free air exchange between the not occupied by the liquid storage volume of the receiving space and an ambient atmosphere, however, there is no saturation of the air in the receiving space, so that the diffusion process between the liquid storage and the receiving space through the thin wall of the liquid storage progresses and increases with continuous duration, the change or reduction of the liquid in the liquid storage.
  • a pressure equalizing device for a double container wherein a channel between an inner container and an outer container is provided, with a cross-sectional area whose root is from 10 to 500 microns, and with a length which is five thousand times to one-tenth times as large as the root of the Querschnitss simulation at least one channel.
  • the channel of an embodiment is partially formed by a spiral groove on an outer side of the Au h reckoners.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a design for a generic discharge device, by which this disadvantageous diffusion process is prevented or reduced.
  • the receiving space is connected to an ambient atmosphere for the purpose of pressure equalization by at least one capillary channel.
  • Such a capillary channel has a thin and elongate shape and opens with its one end in the receiving space and with its other end in the region of the ambient atmosphere.
  • a pressure equalization possibility between the receiving space on the one hand and the ambient atmosphere on the other hand, but due to the design of the compound as a capillary channel, it comes nonetheless saturates the air in the receiving space with liquid which prevents further outdiffusion of liquid from the liquid storage when the discharge device is not used for an extended period of time.
  • the capillary channel forms a stable gradient in terms of humidity.
  • a capillary channel in the context of this invention, only channel sections are considered, which have a cross-sectional area less than 1 mm 2 .
  • a quotient of the length of the capillary channel divided by its average cross-sectional area is greater than 300 mm -1 , in particular greater than 1000 mm -1 .
  • a quotient of at least 2500 mm -1 is considered to be particularly advantageous.
  • a capillary channel with an average cross-sectional area of 0.03 mm 2 according to the invention thus has to have a length of at least about 10 mm.
  • the cross-sectional area is particularly small, in particular less than 0.05 mm 2 , preferably less than 0.02 mm 2 and ideally less than 0.01 mm 2 , Furthermore, it has been found that the length of the capillary channel should preferably be at least 10 mm, in particular at least 30 mm or even at least 50 mm.
  • the capillary channel is at least partially formed by a groove-like depression in an outer side of the liquid reservoir. This groove-like depression is easy to manufacture.
  • the capillary channel can then be closed by applying the outside or the inside of a counter component circumferentially. It is particularly advantageous if the capillary channel formed in the by a groove-like depression Area is jointly circumferentially closed by the receiving housing on the one hand and the liquid storage on the other hand. This results in a cost-effective and simple construction.
  • the flexible material, which is to be used for the liquid storage is particularly well suited for a circumferential sealing of the capillary channel.
  • the outer side of the liquid reservoir is considered to be a surface that does not come into contact with the liquid stored in the liquid reservoir as intended.
  • the region in which the capillary channel is introduced into the outside of the liquid reservoir preferably has a relative to the intended deforming part of the liquid storage increased wall thickness.
  • the groove-like depression extends at least in sections tangentially or spirally on the outside of the liquid reservoir or on the inside of the receiving housing.
  • Such a design makes it easy to achieve capillary channels of more than 50 mm in length even with small discharge devices of, for example, less than 20 mm in diameter.
  • the wall of the receiving housing is thicker than the wall of the liquid reservoir, so that diffusion through this wall does not take place or does not take place to a relevant extent.
  • the receiving housing has, at least in sections, a wall which consists of a material with a low diffusion rate, in particular of metal, ceramic or glass.
  • a radially outwardly pointing web is provided on the liquid reservoir formed as a liquid bag, which between the receiving housing and a separate and containing the conveyor housing part is arranged as a seal.
  • This bridge then takes on a dual function as a seal. On the one hand, it seals off the region of the receiving space not occupied by the liquid reservoir from the ambient atmosphere. On the other hand, it forms a seal in the transition region between the liquid reservoir and the conveyor with respect to an ambient atmosphere.
  • the web is interrupted by the capillary channel or the pressure equalization channel and takes over the sealing function only in the areas beyond this interruption.
  • the discharge devices shown in the figures are each designed as portable, mobile discharge devices and each have a manually operable conveyor as matching features 10, whose input side 10a is connected to a liquid reservoir 20 and whose output side 10b is connected to a discharge opening 12.
  • the conveyor 10 is designed as a piston pump.
  • the conveyor 10 is designed as a bellows pump.
  • the liquid reservoir 20 is designed as a fluid bag that is dimensionally flexible, so that it can in terms of its internal volume of each still in the liquid storage 20 located amount of liquid to be discharged 30 adapt.
  • All discharge devices of the embodiment is also common that the bag-like liquid storage 20 is arranged in a receiving space 42 formed by a receiving housing 40 and is thus protected against mechanical influences from the outside.
  • Fig. 1a represents a non-inventive embodiment in a delivery state.
  • the liquid reservoir 20 has its maximum volume, wherein this volume is dimensioned so that the liquid reservoir 20 fills the receiving space 42 only about 50%.
  • the portion 42a of the receiving space 42 not occupied by the liquid store is filled with air in this delivery condition, which is approximately at ambient pressure (1 bar).
  • the liquid reservoir 20 is connected in this as well as in all other embodiments only with the conveyor 10, so that the liquid 30 can escape in the liquid reservoir 20 at least in liquid form only in the direction of the conveyor 10 from the liquid reservoir 20. Also, as well as in all the illustrated embodiments in the embodiment of Fig. 1a and 1b provided that no possibility for ambient air of an ambient atmosphere 1 is to penetrate into the liquid storage 20 itself.
  • This seal also causes in the embodiment of the Fig. 1a and 1b Also, that the air-filled part 42a of the receiving space 42 is gas-tight with respect to an environment 1 is completed, so that neither in the liquid reservoir 20 still in the not occupied by the liquid reservoir 20 part 42a of the receiving space 42 air can penetrate from the outside.
  • the inner volume of the liquid reservoir 20 decreases, while the surrounding part 42a of the receiving space 42 is inevitably increased. Since no air can flow, this gradually leads to a reduction in the pressure in the receiving space 42, this pressure reduction due to the fact that already in the delivery state of the Fig. 1a a considerable amount of air in the receiving space 42 was present, only small fails.
  • the pressure in the receiving space is about 0.5 bar. Since the conveyor 10 is designed so that it can work against such a negative pressure, the functionality of the discharge device is always given.
  • Fig. 1b shows an intermediate state in which about half of the liquid 30 has been removed and in the receiving space 42, a pressure of about 0.8 bar, that is, a negative pressure relative to the environment of about 0.2 bar exists.
  • a capillary channel 60 is provided, which extends in a portion 60 a from the ambient atmosphere 1 to the collar 22 of the liquid reservoir 20.
  • a groove is formed, which forms an outwardly facing portion 60 b, a tangential portion 60 c and an inwardly radially pointing portion 60 d of the capillary channel 60. This groove is closed at its open side by the collar 44 of the receiving housing 40.
  • Air can pass through the capillary channel into the part 42a of the receiving space 42, so that pressure can equalize as the liquid reservoir 20 progresses.
  • the ambient pressure of about 1bar again.
  • the path of the air through the capillary channel 60 is in Fig. 1b illustrated by the dotted arrow 2.
  • connection in this design of Fig. 2a, 2b and 3 a connection between the ambient atmosphere 1 and the receiving space 42 given.
  • this connection does not cause the liquid diffused from the liquid store 20 to escape into the environment 1 into the part 42a of the receiving space 42 not occupied by the liquid store 20. Instead, a stable gradient in the capillary channel 60 is established between the saturated air in the part 42a and the air in the ambient atmosphere 1, which allows the liquid 30 diffused out of the liquid reservoir 20 to escape from the receiving space 42 only to a negligible extent.
  • the embodiment of the 4 and 5 shows a significantly different from the basic structure compared to the previous embodiments dispenser, but has a similar basic principle with respect to the ventilation of not occupied by the liquid reservoir 20 portion 42a of the receiving space 42.
  • a capillary channel 62 is provided, the first portion 62 a between two housing sections 14, 40 extends. This is followed by a section 62b of the capillary channel, which is formed as a helical groove on the outside of the liquid reservoir 20 and whose open side is closed by the inside of the Au touchgephases 40.
  • this capillary channel 62 is consistent with the operation of the capillary channel 60 of the embodiment of Fig. 2a, 2b and 3 match.
  • the air from the environment 1 can penetrate along the dotted arrow 4 in the receiving space 42.
  • the peculiarity lies here in particular in the large length of the capillary channel 62 by the spiral-shaped design.

Landscapes

  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Distributeur pour la distribution de liquides, en particulier pour liquides pharmaceutiques, comprenant
    - un dispositif de refoulement (10),
    - un réservoir de liquide (20) pour le stockage du liquide (30) connecté sur un côté d'entrée (10a) du dispositif de refoulement (10) et
    - une ouverture de distribution (12) connectée sur un côté de sortie (10b) du dispositif de refoulement (10),
    dans lequel
    - le réservoir de liquide (20) est réalisé au moins en sections sous forme de sachet de liquide (20) de forme flexible,
    - le réservoir de liquide (20) est disposé dans un espace de réception (42) de volume constant,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'espace de réception (42) est connecté au environnement atmosphérique (1) au but de compensation de pression en permanence par au moins un canal capillaire (60; 62), lequel présente une configuration allongée et étroite, et
    le canal capillaire (60; 62) est réalisé au moins en sections sous forme d'un renfoncement (60b, 62c, 60; 62b) de type rainure sur une face extérieure du réservoir de liquide (20).
  2. Distributeur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    - le quotient de la division de la longueur du canal capillaire (60; 62) par la section transversale moyenne est supérieur à 300 mm-1, en particulier supérieur à 1000 mm-1,
    - la section transversale moyenne du canal capillaire (60; 62) est inférieure à 0,05 mm2, de préférence inférieure à 0,02 mm2, en particulier de préférence inférieure à 0,01 mm2, et/ou
    - la longueur du canal capillaire (60; 62) est supérieure à 10 mm, de préférence supérieure à 30 mm, en particulier de préférence supérieure à 50 mm.
  3. Distributeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le canal capillaire (60; 62) dans la section du renfoncement de type rainure est enfermé tout autour par un boîtier de réception (40) et le réservoir de liquide (20) conjointement.
  4. Distributeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le renfoncement de type rainure (60; 62) s'étend au moins en sections tangentiellement ou en spirale sur la face extérieure du réservoir de liquide (20).
  5. Distributeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'espace de réception (42) est délimité vers l'environnement par une paroi, laquelle se compose d'un matériau à faible taux de diffusion, en particulier métal, céramique ou verre.
  6. Distributeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que une nervure (22) faisant face à l'extérieur est prévue au réservoir de liquide (20), dans lequel la nervure est disposée entre le boîtier de réception (40) et une partie du boîtier (14) contenant le dispositif de refoulement (10) et sert de joint.
EP10011452.9A 2009-10-23 2010-09-29 Distributeur Active EP2314380B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009051570A DE102009051570B3 (de) 2009-10-23 2009-10-23 Austragvorrichtung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2314380A2 EP2314380A2 (fr) 2011-04-27
EP2314380A3 EP2314380A3 (fr) 2011-12-14
EP2314380B1 true EP2314380B1 (fr) 2015-01-07

Family

ID=43302377

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10011452.9A Active EP2314380B1 (fr) 2009-10-23 2010-09-29 Distributeur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US9700907B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2314380B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2011088676A (fr)
DE (1) DE102009051570B3 (fr)

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EP3103498B1 (fr) 2015-06-12 2018-08-01 AP Pharma Systems Atomizadores e Dispensadores Ltda Distributeur par pulvérisation de médicaments par voie nasale

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KR101258142B1 (ko) * 2011-06-30 2013-04-25 (주)연우 내용물의 리필이 가능한 지관용기
US9120662B2 (en) * 2011-11-14 2015-09-01 Susan A. Thomson Gathering and dispensing scoop with gate valve
FR3021881B1 (fr) * 2014-06-10 2018-03-09 Lablabo Dispositif de conditionnement et de distribution de produits pateux
DE102015104288A1 (de) 2015-03-23 2016-09-29 Megaplast Gmbh Spender zur Ausgabe flüssiger bis pastöser Massen
FR3047187B1 (fr) * 2016-02-01 2020-02-28 Albea Lacrost Dispositif d'aspiration de produit liquide dans un distributeur
EP3427839B1 (fr) * 2017-07-13 2020-12-02 Aptar Radolfzell GmbH Distributeur de liquide ayant une bouteille ventilée et une tête de distribution associée
US11382398B2 (en) * 2020-10-05 2022-07-12 Samhwa Co., Ltd Cosmetic container

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US20060037968A1 (en) * 2004-05-10 2006-02-23 Andreas Brenner Container with inliner bag and one-way dispenser valve

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3103498B1 (fr) 2015-06-12 2018-08-01 AP Pharma Systems Atomizadores e Dispensadores Ltda Distributeur par pulvérisation de médicaments par voie nasale
US11224702B2 (en) 2015-06-12 2022-01-18 Ap Pharma Systems Atomizadores E Dispensadores Ltda Spray dispenser for nasal drugs

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9700907B2 (en) 2017-07-11
JP2011088676A (ja) 2011-05-06
EP2314380A2 (fr) 2011-04-27
EP2314380A3 (fr) 2011-12-14
US20110095053A1 (en) 2011-04-28
DE102009051570B3 (de) 2011-06-22

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