EP2313727A2

EP2313727A2 - Condensation plant

Info

Publication number: EP2313727A2
Application number: EP09772019A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Heinrich Schulze
Original assignee: GEA Energietchnik GmbH
Current assignee: GEA Energietchnik GmbH
Priority date: 2008-07-03
Filing date: 2009-07-03
Publication date: 2011-04-27
Also published as: WO2010000249A2; DE102008031221B3; WO2010000249A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a condensation plant (5) adjacent to a building structure of a power plant, of a chemical or petrochemical plant, wherein the condensation plant (5) has heat exchanger elements arranged on a support structure in a plurality of rows (8), which heat exchanger elements are impinged on from below by cooling air which is sucked in by means of fans. Wind-guiding walls (9) below the fans assist in preventing a recirculation of warm air and in reducing pressure losses. The profile of the wind-guiding wall (9) should be of concave design in relation to a building structure (2).

Description

Kondensationsanlaqe

The invention relates to a condensation plant, in particular for the condensation of water vapor according to the features in the preamble of patent claim 1.

Condensation plants are used in the chemical or petrochemical industry in particular but also in power plants for the cooling of turbines or process vapors and are in the energy sector in very large dimensions for many years in use. The efficiency of a power plant depends not inconsiderably on the condensation capacity of the condensation plant, the local climatic conditions and the related wind speeds and wind directions have a significant impact on the condensation performance. Present-day types of condensation plants therefore have windbreak walls which surround the heat exchanger elements in their entirety in order to prevent recirculation of the heated cooling air.

DE 33 25 054 A1 describes, for example, a condensation plant with a plurality of roof-shaped heat exchanger elements Finned tubes. The vapor to be condensed of the heat exchanger elements is passed through a steam distribution line, which is arranged in the ridge region of the heat exchanger elements. The supply of cooling air takes place by means disposed below the heat exchanger elements fan.

It is also important that all fans of the condensation plant are flown as evenly as possible. Higher, natural

Wind speeds can lead to a local pressure drop below the fans. The fans concerned can not supply enough cooling air, which reduces the condensation capacity and may have to reduce the capacity of a turbine connected to the steam circuit.

It is problematic when condensation plants are in the lee of building structures of a chemical or petrochemical plant or a power plant. Usually, a condensation plant as close as possible, that is built in the immediate vicinity of the turbine house of the power plant to keep the conduction paths short. Nevertheless, in order to ensure optimum flow, condensation plants are elevated high, so that a substantially unimpeded flow from all sides and regardless of the wind direction is possible. The height of the suction space below the fans can be up to 50 m. In practice, however, has shown that in condensation systems, the suction is arranged in the lee of building structures, hot air recirculation occur, where the incoming air through the remaining space between the building structure and the condensation plant due to the local cross-sectional constriction with relatively high Speed down and flows under the heat exchanger elements. This can lead to the undesirable effect that, despite installed wind protection walls heated cooling air is entrained by the incoming air and transported under the heat exchanger elements, ie it comes to the hot air recirculation. This effect can be adjusted to a small extent, however, in other wind directions, where the Condensation system is not arranged in the lee. By increasing the temperature of the cooling air, the condensation performance decreases, which in turn adversely affects the power plant efficiency.

To improve the flow guidance, it is known, for example from EP 1 496 326 B1, to arrange wind deflectors below the fans. The wind deflectors have the purpose to prevent the unimpeded flow of crosswinds and to divert this upward in the direction of the fans.

Typically, windscreens or wind deflectors are placed centrally below the condensation plant, so that there are two or four equal parts. The Windleitwände are each seen from above between adjacent fan or fan fields arranged. However, it has been shown that this arrangement of the wind deflector is not the optimum for all possible wind directions, especially when a condensation plant is located near a solid building structure and, as it were, placed in its slipstream.

The invention is therefore based on the object to show a condensation plant adjacent to a building structure of a power plant, a chemical or petrochemical plant, in which on the one hand the warm air recirculation of the condensation plant and on the other hand caused by crosswind pressure loss for the fans can be reduced.

This object is achieved in a condensation plant with the features of claim 1.

The invention is advantageously developed by the features of the subclaims.

The condensation plant according to the invention is located in the immediate vicinity of a building structure of the power plant or the chemical or petrochemical plant. The location of the condensation plant relative to The building structure has an influence on the wind conditions in the intake area of the condensation plant. It is therefore intended to arrange a wind deflector below the heat exchanger elements, which has the same horizontal orientation as that of the building structure of the adjacent longitudinal side of the condensation plant. It is essential that the distance between the wind deflecting wall and the longitudinal side in a central longitudinal section of the wind deflecting wall is greater than an end longitudinal section adjoining the central longitudinal section. As a result, the wind deflector is curved concavely from the perspective of the building structure. The term "concave" is to be understood that the ends of the wind deflector point in the direction of perpendicular to the longitudinal side of the condensation plant facing transverse sides. The curvature of the wind deflector is rather low and in no way leads to a U-shape. A U-shape can only be achieved by a transverse wall, which extends substantially transversely to the wind deflector and forms a wind cross with this.

In the context of the invention, it is assumed that the longitudinal side of the condensation plant is straight and that the building structure is at a substantially constant distance from the longitudinal side of the condensation plant.

Experiments have shown that a modification of the wind deflector, ie their offset or concave curvature, leads to a noticeable improvement in the recirculation values and the additional pressure losses of the axial fans caused by the wind, viewed over all wind directions. An overall consideration of the condensation plant takes place, ie an arithmetic mean of a recirculation variable is considered. The invention does not exclude that there are arrangements of wind deflectors which achieve even better individual results for the recirculation variables with regard to individual wind directions, but which result in significantly poorer recirculation values in the case of unfavorable wind directions. Since the wind direction can not be predetermined, when designing a condensation plant must focus on holistic consideration, so that the power plant efficiency is not adversely affected even in unfavorable wind directions.

The exact configuration of the wind deflectors, i. in particular their exact concave course below the fans depends strongly on the local wind conditions. In principle, it is advantageous if the wind deflector wall is located approximately centrally below the condensation plant, i. a parallel to the longitudinal side extending central longitudinal axis of the support structure intersects. Due to the concave or curved design, the central longitudinal axis can be cut once, but preferably twice. In other words, the wind deflector is partially on one side and partly on the other side of the central longitudinal axis.

It is considered expedient if the distance of the wind deflector from the central longitudinal axis is up to 25% of the width of the condensation plant measured transversely to the longitudinal side. Preferably, the distance from the central longitudinal axis is less than 15%. The decisive factor here is that the wind deflector does not extend linearly and over the entire length parallel to the longitudinal side, but has a curved course. The curvature of the wind deflector may be continuous or unsteady. But it is also conceivable that the course of the wind deflector is composed of individual curve sections or straight pieces. In particular, it is possible that the wind deflector has a plurality of segments extending parallel to the longitudinal side. These segments can be arranged at different distances to the longitudinal side. This results in a gradation, wherein the segment arranged in the middle longitudinal section has the greatest distance from the longitudinal side and the segments in the end-side longitudinal sections of the building structure adjacent to the longitudinal side are closest. There are thus provided at least three segments. Preferably, these are five or even more such segments. The differences between the distances of adjacent segments from the longitudinal side are in a range of 5% to 15% of the width of the condensation plant measured transversely to the longitudinal side. Preferably, the differences are in a range of 8% to 12% and more preferably about 10%. With a width of the condensation plant of eg 100 m, a distance of adjacent segments of 10 m is considered appropriate. The segments may overlap in the orientation of the long side, ie in the sum of a longer than the long side. Preferably, however, it is provided that the segments are positioned in the longitudinal direction with the formation of transversely to the central longitudinal axis passages without overlap. The total length of all juxtaposed segments therefore preferably corresponds to the total length of the long side. The ends of the segments can be connected to each other, so that there is a substantially closed wind deflector. It is also possible to form the segments shortened, so that passages are formed between the segments.

In order to realize the curved course of the wind deflector, in an advantageous embodiment, at least one segment is arranged on each side of the central longitudinal axis and at a distance from the central longitudinal axis. The segments can be arranged at the same distance from the central longitudinal axis. For a total of five segments, two of the segments could be located on the central longitudinal axis. The adjacent segments are placed on opposite sides of the central longitudinal axis.

As an alternative to a segmented wind deflector, this can be at least in sections at an angle to the longitudinal side or to the central longitudinal axis. Even so, the wind deflector runs mostly below the individual fan fields and not in the boundary between two fan fields or fans. The wind deflector may, for example, have two legs which are at the same angle to one another and which meet approximately in the middle of the condensation system on one side of the central longitudinal axis. The line of gravity of the course of such a wind deflector can on the Center longitudinal axis or he may be moved transversely to the central longitudinal axis.

The recirculation or the pressure losses can be reduced to a minimum if, in addition to the wind deflector wall extending in the longitudinal direction, a transverse wall is in each case arranged in the region of the end-side longitudinal sections. The transverse wall extends transversely, in particular perpendicular to the longitudinal side. It has been found in experiments that two transverse walls in the end-side lengths lead to significantly better results, than just a single, centrally arranged transverse wall. The transverse wall as such and the position of the transverse wall plays a significant role here. It is considered particularly favorable if the transverse walls are arranged adjacent to or below respectively outer capacitor groups. As a capacitor group is referred to in the invention, the region of the condensation assembly, which is fed by a single Hauptabdampfleitung. For example, eight steam distributor lines of heat exchanger elements arranged in A-form can be fed via a main steam line. The main steam pipes run transversely to the longitudinal side of the condensation plant. In a capacitor arrangement with, for example, six capacitor groups, the transverse wall is thus below the first or sixth capacitor group or in the transition region between the first and second or fifth and sixth capacitor groups.

In addition to the position of the wind deflectors and their height plays a crucial role. It is considered advantageous if the height of the wind deflector corresponds to at least 30%, optimally 40%, the height of the intake space below the fans. However, the wind deflectors should not be higher than 50% of the height of the suction space. Assuming an intake height of 50 m, the wind deflectors should be at least 20 m high, but no higher than 25 m. The wind deflector can be wind permeable or limited wind permeable. The wind permeability can be distributed homogeneously or inhomogeneously. A homogeneous distribution exists, for example, when the adjacent segments are not connected to each other. A homogeneous distribution requires that the wind deflector has a uniform distribution of openings or pores. The wind deflector can as well as the transverse wall made of a porous material. So that the wind deflector wall or the transverse wall diverts a sufficient air flow, it should be no more than 50% wind-permeable. If an increased wind permeability in the wind deflector is desired, it can be mounted higher or lower, so that wind may possibly also flow under the wind deflector. Basically, the wind deflector is on the ground. By gates and adjustable elements, the wind deflector can be changed in their cross-sectional area.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in schematic drawings. It shows:

Figure 1 in a simplified representation of the arrangement of a

Condensation plant and a building structure of a power plant;

Figure 2 shows a first embodiment of the invention

Power plant with staggered wind deflector wall;

Figure 3 shows another embodiment of an inventive

Power plant with staggered wind deflector wall;

Figure 4 shows a third embodiment of an inventive

Power plant with staggered wind deflector and

Figures 5-7 three different embodiments of Windleitwänden.

1 shows a plan view in a highly simplified representation of a power plant 1. The power plant 1 comprises a building structure 2. The power plant 1 is an example and representative of each other of the condensation plant. 5 adjacent larger building structure 2, in particular representative of a chemical or petrochemical plant. The building structure 2 is elongated and comprises a plurality of juxtaposed power plant blocks 3. In each power plant block 3, a steam turbine is operated, wherein steam from the power plant process via Hauptabdampfleitungen 4 a condensation plant 5 is supplied. In the present case, the condensation plant 5 comprises six capacitor groups 6, which are arranged parallel to the building structure 2. As a result, one of the building structure 2 immediately adjacent longitudinal side 7 of the condensation plant 5 runs parallel to the building structure. 2

The condensation plant 5 is arranged on a support structure which carries a plurality of rows 8 of non-illustrated, roof-shaped heat exchanger elements. Underneath the heat exchanger elements, fans are placed in an urging arrangement which suck in cooling air from below from the region of the support structure and convey it upward through the A-shaped heat exchanger elements. The suction space below the fans may have a height of, for example, 50 m.

The arrows A - F illustrate different wind directions, which are to be considered in the design of the condensation plant 5. Depending on the wind direction and the wind speed, undesired warm air recirculation may occur in the area of the condensation plant 5 and also pressure losses in the intake area, which has a negative effect on the cooling capacity of the condensation plant 5.

With reference to FIGS. 2 to 4, three exemplary embodiments are illustrated below, as pressure losses and warm air recirculations in the area of the condensation plant 5 can be reduced.

Figure 2 shows a building structure 2 and a condensation plant 5, which is arranged in the immediate vicinity at a distance L2 parallel to the building structure 2. It can be seen that a wind deflector 9 is arranged in the region of the supporting structure of the condensation plant 5. The wind deflector 9 extends in the same direction as the longitudinal side 7 of the condensation plant 5. The wind deflector 9 is divided into a plurality of segments 10, 11, 12, each viewed in parallel to the longitudinal side 7. It is crucial that the distance L between the wind deflector 9 and the longitudinal side 7 in a central longitudinal section 13, which is formed in this embodiment of the segment 12, is greater than in an adjoining the central longitudinal section 13, end-side longitudinal section 14, which is formed in this embodiment of the segments 10, 11. The arrangement of the segments 10, 11, 12 is mirror-symmetrical with respect to the center transverse plane extending horizontally in the image surface. The middle segment 12 extends over the middle two capacitor groups 6, while each further outboard segments 10, 11 extend over in each case one of the two end-side capacitor groups 6. The wind deflector 9 is configured slightly concave from the viewing direction of the building structure 2. It is located approximately in the middle below the condensation plant 5. It can be seen that the longitudinal axis M of the condensation plant 5 running in the vertical plane intersects the segments 11, while the middle segment 12 lies on the side of the central longitudinal axis M facing away from the building structure 2, while the outer segments 10 lie on the side of the central longitudinal axis M facing the building structure 2. The differences between the distances L of adjacent segments from the longitudinal side 7 is about 10% of the measured transversely to the longitudinal side 7 width L1 of the condensation plant 5. In this embodiment, the condensation plant 5 has a width L1 of 100 m, so that the offset between the individual Segments 10, 11, 12 is also about 10 m. For smaller condensation units 5, the distances can be adjusted accordingly. It can be seen that the individual segments 10, 11, 12 do not overlap in the longitudinal direction, but in sum are just as long as the condensation plant 5. The ends of the segments 10, 11 are connected to each other, so that a closed wind deflector 9 results. In addition to the wind deflector 9, a transverse wall 15 is formed in each end-side capacitor groups 6. The transverse walls 15 extend over the entire width L1 of the condensation plants 5 and are located centrally in the region of the end-side condenser group 6. Both the wind deflector 9 and the transverse wall 15 have a height which corresponds to 40% of the height of the suction space below the fans. In this embodiment, the wind deflectors 9 and the transverse walls 15 have a height of 20 m. The condensation plant 5 is in this embodiment at a distance L2 of 50 m from the building structure 2. Between the condensation plant 5 and the building structure 2 there are no significant wind obstacles and the distance L2 from the building structure 2 is smaller than the width L1 of the condensation plant. 5 For the purposes of the invention, the condensation plant 5 is therefore arranged directly adjacent to the building structure 2.

The arrows A - F correspond to different wind directions, wherein for each wind direction at a wind speed of 9 m / s it has been calculated, which recirculation values are to be expected at this wind speed and which pressure losses occur below the fans. In wind directions A and B, i. in the unimpeded flow of the condensation layer 5, relatively low recirculation values and pressure losses result, whereas higher values occur in the wind directions E and F, due to the slipstream of the building structure 2. However, all values are of an order of magnitude, which in total is considered to be lower This is due to the so-called offset arrangement of the wind deflector 9 and the placement of the transverse walls 15 in the outer condenser groups 6th due. These results are confirmed even with modifications of the course of the wind deflector. 9

FIG. 3 shows such a modification. In contrast to the embodiment of Figure 2, the wind deflector 9a of Figure 3 comprises a shorter middle Segment 10a, which extends in the longitudinal extent only over a capacitor group 6 and thus only half in the adjacent capacitor group 6 projects. This also applies to the adjacent segments 11a, which extend to a certain extent in half in the region of two adjacent capacitor groups 6. The outer segments 12a have been extended by 50% and extend in this embodiment now over 1, 5 capacitor groups 6. The respective distances L from the longitudinal side 7 are maintained. Even a change in length of the individual segments leads to noticeable changes in the recirculation values or in the pressure losses.

The embodiment of Figure 4 differs from that of Figures 2 and 3, characterized in that the wind deflector 9b is now placed obliquely and at an angle W to the longitudinal side 7 and the central longitudinal axis M extends. The concave wind deflector 9b has two straight from the middle to the end straight leg, each leg intersects the central longitudinal axis M once. The outer ends of the wind deflector 9b are thus located on the side of the central longitudinal axis M facing the building structure 2, while the center of the wind deflector 9b lies on the side of the central longitudinal axis M facing away from the building structure 2. Such a wind deflector 9b may also be subdivided into segments. As in the variant of Figures 2 and 3, the segments may be arranged offset from one another.

Figure 5 shows a modification of the wind deflector 9a of Figure 2. In this embodiment, the ends of the segments 10c, 11c, 12c are not interconnected. The wind deflector 9c is partially permeable to wind.

Figure 6 shows a further modification of the wind deflector 9a of Figure 2. The ends of the wind deflector 9d are not only not connected to each other, the individual segments 10d, 11d, 12d are even shortened, so that even larger passages result than in the variant according to FIG 5th

Unlike FIG. 6, FIG. 7 shows a variant with extended segments 10e, 11e, 12e which even overlap. As with the variant according to the Figures 5 and 6, the ends of the segments 10e, 11e, 12e are not connected to each other.

REFERENCE CHARACTERS:

1 - power plant

2-building structure

3 - power plant block

4 - main steam pipe

5 - condensation plant

6 - Capacitor group

7 - Long side 8- row

9 - Wind deflector

9a - Wind deflector 9b - Wind deflector 9c - Wind deflector 9d - Wind deflector 9e - Wind deflector

10- segment

10a segment 10c segment 10d segment 10e segment

11 segment

11a Segment 11 c - Segment 11d - Segment 11e Segment

12-segment

12a segment 12c segment 12d segment 12e segment

13- length section

14- length section 15- transverse wall

A-F wind direction

L distance

L1 - width

L2 distance

M - center longitudinal axis

W angle

Claims

claims

1. Condensation system (5) adjacent to a building structure of a power plant, a chemical or petrochemical plant, wherein the condensation plant (5) on a support structure in a plurality of rows (8) arranged heat exchanger elements, which are flown by fans sucked in by cooling air from below, wherein the Condensation plant (5) with its one longitudinal side (7) in the immediate vicinity of a building structure (2) of the power plant (1) is arranged, characterized in that below the heat exchanger elements, a wind deflector (9, 9a, 9b) is arranged, which the same Horizontal orientation as one of the building structure (2) adjacent longitudinal side (7) of the condensation plant (5) has, wherein the distance (L) between the wind deflector (9, 9a - e) and the longitudinal side (7) in a central longitudinal section (13) the wind deflecting wall (9, 9a-e) is larger than in an end adjoining the middle longitudinal section (13) length section (14).

2. condensation plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the wind deflector wall (9, 9a - e) a parallel to the longitudinal side (7) extending central longitudinal axis (M) of the support structure intersects.

3. condensation plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the distance (L) of the wind deflector (9, 9a - e) from the central longitudinal axis (M) up to 25% of the transverse to the longitudinal side (7) measured width (L1) of the condensation plant ( 5).

4. condensation plant according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wind deflector (9, 9a, 9c - e)) parallel to the longitudinal side (7) extending segments (10, 11, 12, 10a, 10c - e, 11a , 11c-e, 12a, 12c-e).

5. condensation plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the segments (10, 11, 12; 10a, 10c - e, 11a, 11c - e, 12a, 12c - e) at different distances (L) from the longitudinal side (7) are arranged.

A condensation plant according to claim 5, characterized in that the differences between the distances (L) of adjacent segments (10, 11, 12, 10a, 10c-e, 11a, 11c-e, 12a, 12c-e) from the Longitudinal side (7) in a range of 5% to 15% of the transversely to the longitudinal side (7) measured width (L1) of the condensation plant (5).

7. Condenser according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that at least one segment (10, 12; 10a, 10c - e, 12a, 12c - e) on each side of the central longitudinal axis (M) and at a distance from the central longitudinal axis (M ) is arranged.

8. condensation plant according to claim 7, characterized in that the segments (10, 12; 10a, 10c - e, 12a, 12c - e) have the same distance from the central longitudinal axis (M).

-9. Condensation plant according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that at least one segment (11, 11a, 11c - e) is arranged on the central longitudinal axis (M).

10. Condenser according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the wind deflector (9b) at least in sections at an angle (W) to the longitudinal side (7).

11. Condenser according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that transversely to the wind deflector (9, 9a - e) each have a transverse wall (15) in the region of the end-side longitudinal portions (14) is arranged.

12. condensation plant according to claim 11, characterized in that in each case a main exhaust steam line (4) leads from the building structure (2) to a respective capacitor group (6) of the capacitor arrangement (5), wherein the transverse walls (15) are disposed adjacent to or below respective outer capacitor groups (6).

13. Condenser according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the height of the wind deflectors (9, 9a, 9b, 15) corresponds to at least 30% of the height of the suction space below the fans.

14. Condenser according to one of claims 4 to 13, characterized in that the segments (10, 11, 12, 10 a, 11 a, 12 a) are connected to each other at the end.

15. Condenser according to one of claims 4 to 13, characterized in that the segments (10d, 11d, 12d) are shorter in total than the longitudinal side (7).

16. condensation plant according to one of claims 4 to 13, characterized in that the segments (10e, 11e, 12e) overlap and are longer in total than the longitudinal side (7).

17. Condenser according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the wind deflectors (9, 9a - e) and / or the transverse walls (15) are limited wind-permeable.

18. condensation plant according to claim 17, characterized in that the wind deflectors (9, 9a - e) and / or the transverse walls (15) at least partially consist of a porous material, wherein the proportion of openings in the material is at most 50%.