EP1996886B1 - Condenser which is exposed to air - Google Patents
Condenser which is exposed to air Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1996886B1 EP1996886B1 EP07722024A EP07722024A EP1996886B1 EP 1996886 B1 EP1996886 B1 EP 1996886B1 EP 07722024 A EP07722024 A EP 07722024A EP 07722024 A EP07722024 A EP 07722024A EP 1996886 B1 EP1996886 B1 EP 1996886B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- aerated
- water
- condenser according
- contact bodies
- contact body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000476 body water Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001983 electron spin resonance imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002663 nebulization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
- F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
- F28F25/02—Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
- F28F25/04—Distributing or accumulator troughs
Definitions
- the invention relates to an air-charged capacitor having the features in the preamble of patent claim 1.
- the major disadvantage of known adiabatic cooling is the soaking of the cooling elements, supporting structures and other plant components that are located below the cooling elements.
- the soaking of the cooling elements leads in the long term to an undesirable deposition of insoluble matter, while electrical components such as transformers must be fully protected against the ingress of moisture to avoid short circuits.
- the exact dosage of water and the distribution of water is very difficult to calculate, since the distribution of Water droplets depend, inter alia, on the wind direction and the temperature distribution An uneven distribution inevitably leads to local wetting and thus also to droplet formation, ie the water drips down on the capacitors and the supporting structure. This can cause unwanted corrosion even when using demineralized water.
- An air-charged condenser for generating a cooling air flow in the region of condensation elements is known.
- means for adiabatic cooling of the cooling air flow are provided, wherein the means for adiabatic cooling are feedable with water to be evaporated contact body, which are arranged in the region of the cooling air flow. It is proposed to arrange the means for adiabatic cooling in the intake of the cooling air flow in front of the fan.
- the WO 03/006908 A describes a heat exchanger assembly for buildings, in which also means for adiabatic cooling are provided, which are upstream of the fans in the region of the cooling air flow. This is also in the DE 44 23 960 A1 and in the FR 1 254 045 A described.
- the object of the invention is to improve an air-charged condenser in such a way that the condensation elements are not soaked by the means provided for adiabatic cooling of the cooling air and the means for adiabatic cooling can also be retrofitted with little effort.
- the core of the invention is that the means for adiabatic cooling can be charged with water to be evaporated contact body, which are arranged in the region of the cooling air flow, that is on the downstream side of the condensation elements.
- the contact bodies have a large surface on which water introduced into the contact bodies can evaporate.
- the water is located At no time free within the cooling air flow, as is the case with a spraying by means of nozzles. Unlike nebulization or spraying, virtually no excess water is required since the water taken up in the contact body is transferred to the cooling air flow exclusively through mass transfer, ie evaporation. This also ensures that corrosion damage caused by unwanted moistening of nearby components, such as the fan, is avoided.
- the air-charged condenser according to the invention is preferably provided for the condensation of water vapor.
- these are condensers for condensing the exhaust steam flow from a turbine of a power plant.
- the air-charged capacitors for the condensation of other substances, such as for the condensation of propane are provided.
- the inventive concept is not limited to the condensation of water vapor.
- the air-charged capacitor according to the invention is not limited to a specific type of capacitor.
- the contact bodies which can be charged with water to be evaporated can be used in combination with A-shaped, V-shaped, vertically or horizontally arranged condensation elements. The use of such contact bodies in connection with A or roof-shaped condensation elements is considered to be particularly favorable.
- the contact bodies are also in the exit region of the cooling air flow from the fan, i. arranged in Kühtluftstromraum behind the fan.
- a further variant provides that contact bodies are arranged directly in front of the condensation elements and cover at least part of the inflow surface of the condensation elements.
- the contact body can cover the entire Anströrn printing the condensation elements or even a wedge surface. It is conceivable that e.g. only some of the condensation elements are provided with Maiskörpem, others, however, not. Partial coverage of the condensation elements may be e.g. in the upper, middle or lower third. The respective degree of coverage and the exact positioning of the contact bodies must be made dependent on the local conditions. Here can not be called a rigid rule.
- the degree of coverage of the inflow surface is adjustable by displacement of the contact body.
- the contact bodies are inactivated, i. that no prehumidification of the cooling air is desired, these could e.g. be pivoted and taken in a certain way out of the cooling air flow, so that a larger flow surface of the condensation elements is released for pure dry cooling.
- the swinging out also has the advantage that no additional pressure loss caused by the contact body.
- the axis about which the contact bodies are pivoted depends on the spatial conditions.
- the pivot axis in the ridge region that is to say essentially horizontal, but at least parallel to those of the con condensation elements spanned levels.
- the pivot axis is not horizontal, but runs parallel to the planes spanned by the condensation elements, that is to say in the case of condensation elements arranged in an A-shape, in accordance with the inclination of the condensation elements.
- the contact bodies can also be arranged to be translationally displaceable.
- contact bodies are fastened directly to the condensation elements on their sides facing the fan.
- the contact bodies may e.g. be attached to the end faces of the transversely ribbed tubes of the condensation elements.
- the attachment of contact bodies directly to the condensation elements only leads to a negligible increase in the flow resistance, so that no pressure losses occur. Nevertheless, the Köntakt stresses are completely within the cooling air flow.
- contact body can be provided only in partial areas. For example, every second tube of the condensation elements could be provided with contact bodies.
- the contact bodies are preferably a fleece, a fabric or a porous plastic.
- the essential characteristics of having suitable contact bodies are high storage capacity for water and a large surface area to allow rapid evaporation of the water.
- the material used should have sufficient air permeability, depending on the arrangement within the cooling air flow, in order to limit the pressure losses.
- Self-supporting materials are considered to be particularly advantageous, and combined multi-layer materials may be used, wherein one position of the contact body fulfills the support function and at least one other layer is designed specifically for water absorption and high evaporation.
- Common and inexpensive available on the market are geotextiles or Nonwovens that provide the desired absorbency and good evaporation of water.
- the materials mentioned have a high resistance to aging and are also mechanically sufficiently resistant.
- the contact bodies can preferably be cleaned after a predetermined period of use and then reused.
- the contact body should therefore not decompose under the influence of air and water.
- By a suitable choice of material both a high mechanical strength and at the same time a corresponding desired water absorption capacity can be achieved. Both are prerequisites for use within the cooling air flow in air-cooled condensers.
- the contact bodies are preferably formed as flat plates.
- one-piece or multi-layer contact bodies deviate in their geometry from flat plates, ie, for example, are wavy or are adapted in their contouring to the flow conditions of the air-cooled condenser or are intended by their positioning and contouring influence on the flow conditions to take.
- This means that the contact bodies can also have a certain conductive or deflecting function with respect to the cooling air flow, depending on the positioning and contouring.
- the amount of water to be introduced into the contact bodies is selected such that no significant excess is produced, which would lead to a wetting of the installation. Therefore, a metering system controlling the amount of water to be introduced into the contact bodies is provided, which precisely supplies the contact body with precisely the amount of water which has to be supplied under the given climatic conditions and operating conditions of the system in order to ensure maximum evaporation in the area of the contact bodies.
- This may be a control circuit or a control circuit equipped with corresponding measuring devices. The measuring devices detect whether at certain measuring points outside the contact body water is present, which suggests that the contact bodies too much water has been supplied to the evaporation.
- a metering line extends with a plurality of openings through which the water to be evaporated can be introduced into the contact body.
- This may be a rigid or flexible line that runs in the edge region of the contact body.
- a dosing line can introduce water, for example from above, into a contact body.
- the water runs down inside the contact body, wets its surface and evaporates within the cooling air flow. The amount of water is metered so that it passes on its way through the contact body straight to the lower end and partially evaporated already on the way there.
- the metering lines are arranged on the cooling air flow facing or facing away from the surface of the contact body.
- the distance that the water has to cover within a plate-shaped contact body is shorter and it ensures a more even distribution of the cooling water, which also simplifies the dosage.
- the metering line is embedded in the contact body. This can be realized, for example, by a meandering dosing line which is positioned, for example, between two contact bodies formed as a nonwoven. Through the metering both contact bodies are wetted equally with water. The risk of water escaping uncontrollably from the fleece is thereby minimized.
- the water to be evaporated is preheated in the metering, by heat transfer from the condensation elements to the metering.
- the metering lines can extend between the end faces of the condensation elements and the contact bodies attached to the end faces. The preheated in this way water extracts the condensing elements to a small extent heat and evaporates faster in the contact body. This increases the efficiency of such an air-charged capacitor.
- FIG. 1 shows an A-type air-powered condenser 1, as known in its basic form from the prior art.
- Such an air-cooled condenser 1 is mounted on a steel framework, not shown, so that cold cooling air can be sucked in a cooling air stream 3 by a fan 2 from below and in the limited by the condensation elements 4, 5, triangular interior 6.
- the cooling air flows through the condensation elements 4, 5 designed as finned tube bundles and is heated in this case.
- the steam flowing through the condensation elements 4, 5 is cooled and condensed.
- a contact body 7 is in the intake region 8 of the ventilator 2 arranged.
- the cooling air is pre-moistened by the contact body 7.
- the cooling air flows through the contact body 7, which is fed in a manner not shown with water.
- the contact body 7 acts it is preferably a non-woven or a porous structure made of a plastic.
- the introduced water is transferred by mass transfer to the cooling air, so that can be significantly increase the cooling capacity of the air-cooled condenser 1, especially in summer operation.
- FIG. 2 is a contact body 7a in the outlet region 9 of the cooling air flow 3 from the fan 2, that is, it is located in the interior 6 between the condensation elements 4, 5.
- a third variant shows FIG. 3 ,
- a contact body 7b is provided, which can be pivoted between two positions A, B.
- the degree of coverage of the inflow surface 10 of the condensation elements 4, 5 can be changed.
- the pressure loss which inevitably occurs when flowing through the contact body 7b, can be changed.
- the connection of the contact body 7b is not required, it can be displaced from the position A to the position B.
- FIG. 4 shows an embodiment with a contact body 7c, which is pivotable about a pivot axis S.
- the contact body 7c can be displaced into the position shown in broken line.
- the contact body 7c is arranged on the other condensation element 4, wherein the pivot axis S then of course runs parallel to this condensation element 4.
- FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the condensation element 4 in the direction from the interior 6 out.
- the condensation element 4 comprises a series of juxtaposed tubes 11, which are traversed by water vapor.
- the tubes 11 have an elongate, almost rectangular cross section, wherein between the mutually facing transverse sides 12 of the tubes 11 are ribs 13, which are flowed around by the cooling air flow 3.
- the special feature of the illustrated condensation element 4 is that 14 contact bodies 7d are attached to the respective unaffected end faces, which are exemplified by the hatching drawn. Such contact bodies 7d are not present laterally in the finned gap, ie they do not reduce the flow cross section between the tubes 11. Nevertheless, there is an intensive exchange with the passing cooling air, which is moistened when flowing past.
- FIGS. 6 to 8 show flat contact body in different representations, which essentially depends on the arrangement of the metering 15.
- dosing line 15 shown extends on the surface of the illustrated contact body 7e.
- the metering line 15 has a plurality of openings, not shown, through which the water to be evaporated is introduced into the contact body 7e.
- the meandering course ensures a uniform introduction of water into the contact body 7e.
- FIG. 7 shows the contact body 7e of FIG. 5 in longitudinal section. It can be seen that the metering line 15 in this exemplary embodiment directly adjoins the schematically indicated condensation element 4, so that the heat prevailing in the condensation element 4 is transferred to the metering line 15 and thus to the water to be evaporated.
- the dosing line 15 approximately in the middle of the illustrated contact body.
- This variant in turn has the advantage that the water to be evaporated must first pass through the illustrated contact body 7e before it reaches the surface of the contact body 7e. On the way to the outer surface of the contact body 7e this is wetted.
- the metering line is embedded between two Kontäkt Sciencesn, wherein the water to be evaporated is discharged on both sides of the metering.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen luftbeaufschlagten Kondensator mit den Merkmalen im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to an air-charged capacitor having the features in the preamble of
Es ist bekannt, dass sich durch die Vorbefeuchtung der Kühlluft, d.h. die sogenannte adiabatische Kühlung, die Kühlleistung von luftgekühlten Kondensatoren, besonders im Sommerbetrieb erheblich steigern lässt. Insbesondere bei größeren Anlagen im Kraftwerksbereich konnte bisher keine praktikable und zuverlässige Lösung dieses Problems gefunden werden, wie
Der wesentliche Nachteil bekannter adiabatischer Kühlungen ist die Durchnässung der Kühlelemente, Tragstrukturen und weiterer Anlagenbauteile, die sich unterhalb der Kühlelemente befinden. Die Durchnässung der Kühlelemente führt langfristig zu einer unerwünschten Ablagerung von nicht lösbaren Stoffen, während elektrische Bauteile wie z.B. Trafos vollständig vor dem Zutritt von Nässe geschützt werden müssen um Kurzschlüsse zu vermeiden. Die exakte Dosierung des Wassers als auch die Verteilung des Wassers ist nur sehr schwer kalkulierbar, da die Verteilung der Wassertröpfchen unter anderem von der Windrichtung und der Temperaturverteilung abhängig ist Eine ungleichmäßige Verteilung führt zwangsläufig zu einer lokalen Durchnässung und damit auch zu einer Tropfenbildung, d.h. das Wasser tropft an den Kondensatoren und der Tragstruktur herab. Dies kann, selbst bei Verwendung von demineralisiertem Wasser unerwünschte Korrosionen mit sich bringen.The major disadvantage of known adiabatic cooling is the soaking of the cooling elements, supporting structures and other plant components that are located below the cooling elements. The soaking of the cooling elements leads in the long term to an undesirable deposition of insoluble matter, while electrical components such as transformers must be fully protected against the ingress of moisture to avoid short circuits. The exact dosage of water and the distribution of water is very difficult to calculate, since the distribution of Water droplets depend, inter alia, on the wind direction and the temperature distribution An uneven distribution inevitably leads to local wetting and thus also to droplet formation, ie the water drips down on the capacitors and the supporting structure. This can cause unwanted corrosion even when using demineralized water.
Aus der
Die
Hiervon ausgehend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen luftbeaufschlagten Kondensator dahingehend zu verbessern, dass die Kondensationselemente von den vorgesehenen Mitteln zur adiabatischen Kühlung der Kühlluft nicht durchnässt werden und wobei die Mittel zur adiabatischen Kühlung mit geringem Aufwand auch nachgerüstet werden können.Proceeding from this, the object of the invention is to improve an air-charged condenser in such a way that the condensation elements are not soaked by the means provided for adiabatic cooling of the cooling air and the means for adiabatic cooling can also be retrofitted with little effort.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen luftbeaufschlagten Kondensator mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by an air-charged capacitor having the features of
Kern der Erfindung ist, dass die Mittel zur adiabatischen Kühlung mit zu verdunstendem Wasser beschickbare Kontaktkörper sind, die im Bereich des Kühlluftstroms angeordnet sind, das heißt auf der Abströmseite der Kondensationselemente. Die Kontaktkörper besitzen eine große Oberfläche, auf der in die Kontaktkörper eingebrachtes Wasser verdunsten kann. Das Wasser befindet sich zu keinem Zeitpunkt frei innerhalb des Kühlluftstroms, wie es bei einem Versprühen mittels Düsen der Fall ist. Anders als beim Vernebeln oder Versprühen wird so gut wie kein Überschusswasser benötigt, da das in den Kontaktkörper aufgenommene Wasser ausschließlich durch Stoffübergang, d.h. Verdunstung, an den Kühlluftstrom übertragen wird. Dadurch wird auch sichergestellt, dass Korrosionsschäden durch unerwünschte Befeuchtung an in der Nähe befindlichen Bauteilen, wie z.B. dem Ventilator, vermieden werden.The core of the invention is that the means for adiabatic cooling can be charged with water to be evaporated contact body, which are arranged in the region of the cooling air flow, that is on the downstream side of the condensation elements. The contact bodies have a large surface on which water introduced into the contact bodies can evaporate. The water is located At no time free within the cooling air flow, as is the case with a spraying by means of nozzles. Unlike nebulization or spraying, virtually no excess water is required since the water taken up in the contact body is transferred to the cooling air flow exclusively through mass transfer, ie evaporation. This also ensures that corrosion damage caused by unwanted moistening of nearby components, such as the fan, is avoided.
Bei den erfindungsgemäß gestalteten luftgekühlten Kondensatoren wird eine deutliche Leistungssteigerung bei moderatem Anstieg der Investitionskosten erwartet. Neu zu errichtende Anlagen lassen sich auch bei vorgegebener Leistung kleiner ausführen, wenn eine adiabatische Kühlung mit Hilfe von Kontaktkörpem vorgesehen wird. Dadurch können die Herstellkosten neuer Anla gen voraussichtlich reduziert werden. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, dass sich z.B. durch Warmluftrezirkulation bedingte Leistungsdefizite reduzieren lassen, zum anderen aber auch die Leistung eines Kraftwerks durch Reduzierung des Turbinenabdampfdrucks um einige 10 kPa gesteigert werden kann.In the case of the air-cooled condensers designed according to the invention, a significant increase in performance is expected with a moderate increase in investment costs. New plants to be built can be smaller even with a given power, if an adiabatic cooling is provided by means of Kontaktkörpem. As a result, the manufacturing costs of new Anla are expected to be reduced. Another advantage is that, for example, can be reduced by hot air recirculation-related performance deficiencies, on the other hand, the performance of a power plant by reducing the turbine steam pressure can be increased by some 10 kPa.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Erfindungsgedankens sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous embodiments of the inventive concept are the subject of the dependent claims.
Der erfindungsgemäße luftbeaufschlagte Kondensator ist vorzugsweise zur Kondensation von Wasserdampf vorgesehen. Insbesondere handelt es sich um Kondensatoren zur Kondensation des Abdampfstroms aus einer Turbine eines Kraftwerks. Grundsätzlich ist es aber auch denkbar, dass die luftbeaufschlagten Kondensatoren zur Kondensation anderer Stoffe, wie beispielsweise zur Kondensation von Propan, vorgesehen sind. Der Erfindungsgedanke ist nicht auf die Kondensation von Wasserdampf beschränkt. Ebenso ist der erfindungsgemäße luftbeaufschlagte Kondensator auch nicht auf eine bestimmte Bauform eines Kondensators beschränkt. Grundsätzlich können die mit zu verdunstendem Wasser beschickbaren Kontaktkörper in Kombination mit A-förmig, V-förmig, vertikal oder horizontal angeordneten Kondensationselementen zum Einsatz kommen. Als besonders günstig wird die Verwendung derartiger Kontaktkörper im Zusammenhang mit A- oder dachförmig angeordneten Kondensationselementen angesehen.The air-charged condenser according to the invention is preferably provided for the condensation of water vapor. In particular, these are condensers for condensing the exhaust steam flow from a turbine of a power plant. In principle, however, it is also conceivable that the air-charged capacitors for the condensation of other substances, such as for the condensation of propane, are provided. The inventive concept is not limited to the condensation of water vapor. Likewise, the air-charged capacitor according to the invention is not limited to a specific type of capacitor. In principle, the contact bodies which can be charged with water to be evaporated can be used in combination with A-shaped, V-shaped, vertically or horizontally arranged condensation elements. The use of such contact bodies in connection with A or roof-shaped condensation elements is considered to be particularly favorable.
Die Kontaktkörper sind auch im Austrittsbereich des Kühlluftstroms aus dem Ventilator, d.h. in Kühtluftstromrichtung hinter dem Ventilator angeordnet.The contact bodies are also in the exit region of the cooling air flow from the fan, i. arranged in Kühtluftstromrichtung behind the fan.
Eine weitere Variante sieht vor, dass Kontaktkörper unmittelbar vor den Kondensationselementen angeordnet sind und zumindest einen Teil der Anströmfläche der Kondensationselemente bedecken. Die Kontaktkörper können dabei die gesamte Anströrnfläche der Kondensationselemente oder auch nur eine Keilfläche bedecken. Denkbar ist, dass z.B. nur einige der Kondensationselemente mit Kontaktkörpem versehen sind, andere hingegen nicht. Eine teilweise Bedeckung der Kondensationselemente kann z.B. im oberen, mittleren oder unteren Drittel erfolgen. Der jeweilige Bedeckungsgrad und die exakte Positionierung der Kontaktkörper muss von den örtlichen Gegebenheiten abhängig gemacht werden. Hier lässt sich keine starre Regel nennen.A further variant provides that contact bodies are arranged directly in front of the condensation elements and cover at least part of the inflow surface of the condensation elements. The contact body can cover the entire Anströrnfläche the condensation elements or even a wedge surface. It is conceivable that e.g. only some of the condensation elements are provided with Kontaktkörpem, others, however, not. Partial coverage of the condensation elements may be e.g. in the upper, middle or lower third. The respective degree of coverage and the exact positioning of the contact bodies must be made dependent on the local conditions. Here can not be called a rigid rule.
Es wird als besonders vorteilhaft angesehen, wenn der Grad der Bedeckung der Anströmfläche durch Verlagerung der Kontaktkörper einstellbar ist. Für den Fall, dass die Kontaktkörper inaktiviert sind, d.h. dass keine Vorbefeuchtung der Kühlluft gewünscht wird, könnten diese z.B. verschwenkt werden und in gewisser Weise aus dem Kühlluftstrom heraus genommen werden, so dass eine größere Anstromfläche der Kondensationselemente für die reine Trockenkühlung freigegeben wird. Das Herausschwenken hat zudem den Vorteil, dass kein zusätzlicher Druckverlust durch die Kontaktkörper entsteht.It is considered to be particularly advantageous if the degree of coverage of the inflow surface is adjustable by displacement of the contact body. In the event that the contact bodies are inactivated, i. that no prehumidification of the cooling air is desired, these could e.g. be pivoted and taken in a certain way out of the cooling air flow, so that a larger flow surface of the condensation elements is released for pure dry cooling. The swinging out also has the advantage that no additional pressure loss caused by the contact body.
Die Achse, um die die Kontaktkörper geschwenkt werden, ist von den räumlichen Gegebenheiten abhängig. Beispielsweise kann bei A-förmig angeordneten Kondensationselementen die Schwenkachse im Firstbereich, das heißt im Wesentlichen horizontal verlaufen, zumindest aber parallel zu den von den Kon densationselementen aufgespannten Ebenen. Denkbar ist auch, dass die Schwenkachse nicht horizontal, sondern parallel zu den von den Kondensationselementen aufgespannten Ebenen, das heißt bei A-förmig angeordneten Kondensationselementen entsprechend der Neigung der Kondensationselemente verläuft. Wenn es die räumlichen Gegebenheiten zulassen, können die Kontaktkörper auch translatorisch verlagerbar angeordnet sein.The axis about which the contact bodies are pivoted, depends on the spatial conditions. For example, in the case of condensation elements arranged in an A-shape, the pivot axis in the ridge region, that is to say essentially horizontal, but at least parallel to those of the con condensation elements spanned levels. It is also conceivable that the pivot axis is not horizontal, but runs parallel to the planes spanned by the condensation elements, that is to say in the case of condensation elements arranged in an A-shape, in accordance with the inclination of the condensation elements. If the spatial conditions permit, the contact bodies can also be arranged to be translationally displaceable.
Als besonders günstig wird es angesehen, wenn Kontaktkörper unmittelbar an den Kondensationselementen auf ihren, dem Ventilator zugewandten Seiten befestigt sind. Die Kontaktkörper können z.B. an den Stirnseiten von an den Querseiten mit Rippen versehenen Rohren der Kondensationselemente befestigt sein. Die Befestigung von Kontaktkörpern unmittelbar an den Kondensationselementen führt nur zu einer vernachlässigbaren Erhöhung des Strömungswiderstandes, sodass keinerlei Druckverluste entstehen. Dennoch befinden sich die Köntaktkörper vollständig innerhalb des Kühlluftstroms. Wie auch bei der Anordnung von Kontaktkörpem in Strömungsrichtung vor den Kondensationselementen können unmittelbar an den Kondensationselementen befestigte Kontaktkörper nur in Teilbereichen vorgesehen sein. Beispielsweise könnte jedes zweite Rohr der Kondensationselemente mit Kontaktkörpern versehen sein.It is considered particularly favorable if contact bodies are fastened directly to the condensation elements on their sides facing the fan. The contact bodies may e.g. be attached to the end faces of the transversely ribbed tubes of the condensation elements. The attachment of contact bodies directly to the condensation elements only leads to a negligible increase in the flow resistance, so that no pressure losses occur. Nevertheless, the Köntaktkörper are completely within the cooling air flow. As with the arrangement of Kontaktkörpem in the flow direction in front of the condensation elements attached directly to the condensation elements contact body can be provided only in partial areas. For example, every second tube of the condensation elements could be provided with contact bodies.
Bei den Kontaktkörpern handelt es sich vorzugsweise um ein Vlies, ein Gewebe oder einen porösen Kunststoff. Die wesentlichen Eigenschaften, die geeignete Kontaktkörper aufweisen, sind eine hohe Speicherkapazität für Wasser und eine große Oberfläche, um eine rasche Verdunstung des Wassers zu ermöglichen. Zudem sollte das verwendete Material je nach Anordnung innerhalb des Kühlluftstroms eine hinreichende Luftdurchlässigkeit aufweisen, um die Druckverluste zu begrenzen. Selbsttragende Materialien werden als besonders vorteilhaft angesehen, wobei auch kombinierte mehrlagige Materialien zum Einsatz kommen können, bei denen wobei eine Lage des Kontaktkörpers die Tragfunktion erfüllt und wenigstens eine andere Lage speziell für die Wasseraufnahme und hohe Verdunstung ausgebildet ist. Gängige und am Markt kostengünstig verfügbare Stoffe sind Geotextilien oder Vliese, die die gewünschte Saugfähigkeit und eine gute Verdunstung von Wasser bieten. Die genannten Materialien besitzen eine hohe Alterungsbeständigkeit und sind zudem mechanisch hinreichend widerstandsfähig. Die Kontaktkörper lassen sich vorzugsweise nach einer vorbestimmten Einsatzzeit reinigen und anschließend wieder verwenden. Der Kontaktkörper sollte sich daher unter Einfluss von Luft und Wasser möglichst nicht zersetzen. Durch geeignete Materialwahl kann sowohl eine hohe mechanische Belastbarkeit als auch gleichzeitig ein entsprechendes gewünschtes Wasseraufnahmevermögen erzielt werden. Beides sind Voraussetzungen für den Einsatz innerhalb des Kühlluftstroms bei luftgekühlten Kondensatoren. Die Kontaktkörper sind bevorzugt als ebene Platten ausgebildet. Selbstverständlich ist es möglich, dass ein- oder mehrlagige Kontaktkörper in ihrer Geometrie von ebenen Platten abweichen, d.h. beispielsweise gewellt sind oder in ihrer Konturgebung an die Strömungsverhältnisse des luftgekühlten Kondensators angepasst sind oder dafür vorgesehen sind, durch ihre Positionierung und Konturierung gezielt Einfluss auf die Strömungsverhältnisse zu nehmen. Das heißt, dass die Kontaktkörper je nach Positionierung und Konturierung auch eine gewisse leitende oder umlenkende Funktion in Bezug auf den Kühlluftstrom haben können.The contact bodies are preferably a fleece, a fabric or a porous plastic. The essential characteristics of having suitable contact bodies are high storage capacity for water and a large surface area to allow rapid evaporation of the water. In addition, the material used should have sufficient air permeability, depending on the arrangement within the cooling air flow, in order to limit the pressure losses. Self-supporting materials are considered to be particularly advantageous, and combined multi-layer materials may be used, wherein one position of the contact body fulfills the support function and at least one other layer is designed specifically for water absorption and high evaporation. Common and inexpensive available on the market are geotextiles or Nonwovens that provide the desired absorbency and good evaporation of water. The materials mentioned have a high resistance to aging and are also mechanically sufficiently resistant. The contact bodies can preferably be cleaned after a predetermined period of use and then reused. The contact body should therefore not decompose under the influence of air and water. By a suitable choice of material both a high mechanical strength and at the same time a corresponding desired water absorption capacity can be achieved. Both are prerequisites for use within the cooling air flow in air-cooled condensers. The contact bodies are preferably formed as flat plates. Of course, it is possible that one-piece or multi-layer contact bodies deviate in their geometry from flat plates, ie, for example, are wavy or are adapted in their contouring to the flow conditions of the air-cooled condenser or are intended by their positioning and contouring influence on the flow conditions to take. This means that the contact bodies can also have a certain conductive or deflecting function with respect to the cooling air flow, depending on the positioning and contouring.
Wesentlich bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Kondensator ist, dass die Menge des in die Kontaktkörper einzubringenden Wassers so gewählt ist, dass kein deutlicher Überschuss entsteht, der zu einer Durchnässung der Anlage führen würde. Daher ist ein die Menge des in die Kontaktkörper einzubringenden Wassers steuerndes Dosiersystem vorgesehen, das dem Kontaktkörper gezielt genau die Menge Wasser zuführt, die unter den gegebenen klimatischen Bedingungen und Betriebszuständen der Anlage zugeführt werden muss, um eine maximale Verdunstung im Bereich der Kontaktkörper zu gewährleisten. Hierbei kann es sich um einen Steuer- oder auch um einen Regelkreis handeln, der mit entsprechenden Messeinrichtungen ausgestattet ist. Die Messeinrichtungen detektieren, ob an bestimmten Messpunkten außerhalb der Kontaktkörper Wasser vorhanden ist, das darauf schließen lässt, dass den Kontaktkörpern zu viel Wasser zur Verdunstung zugeführt worden ist.It is essential in the condenser according to the invention that the amount of water to be introduced into the contact bodies is selected such that no significant excess is produced, which would lead to a wetting of the installation. Therefore, a metering system controlling the amount of water to be introduced into the contact bodies is provided, which precisely supplies the contact body with precisely the amount of water which has to be supplied under the given climatic conditions and operating conditions of the system in order to ensure maximum evaporation in the area of the contact bodies. This may be a control circuit or a control circuit equipped with corresponding measuring devices. The measuring devices detect whether at certain measuring points outside the contact body water is present, which suggests that the contact bodies too much water has been supplied to the evaporation.
Um die Verteilung des Wassers innerhalb der Kontaktkörper zu verbessern, ist vorgesehen, dass angrenzend an einen Kontaktkörper eine Dosierleitung mit einer Vielzahl von Öffnungen verläuft, durch welche das zu verdunstende Wasser in den Kontaktkörper einleitbar ist. Hierbei kann es sich um eine starre oder auch flexible Leitung handeln, die im Randbereich der Kontaktkörper verläuft. Eine solche Dosierleitung kann unter Ausnutzung der Schwerkraft Wasser beispielsweise von oben in einen Kontaktkörper einleiten. Das Wasser läuft innerhalb des Kontaktkörpers nach unten, benetzt dessen Oberfläche und verdunstet innerhalb des Kühlluftstroms. Die Menge des Wassers ist so dosiert, dass es auf seinem Weg durch den Kontaktkörper gerade bis zum unteren Ende gelangt und teilweise bereits auf dem Weg dorthin verdunstet. Denkbar ist es auch, dass die Dosierleitungen auf der dem Kühlluftstrom zugewandten oder abgewandten Fläche des Kontaktkörpers angeordnet sind. Dadurch sind die Weg, die das Wasser innerhalb eines plattenförmig konfigurierten Kontaktkörpers zurücklegen muss, kürzer und es wird eine gleichmäßigere Verteilung des Kühlwassers gewährleistet, was auch die Dosierung vereinfacht. Als besonders vorteilhaft wird es dabei angesehen, wenn die Dosierleitung in den Kontaktkörper eingebettet ist. Dies kann beispielsweise durch eine mäanderförmig verlegte Dosierleitung realisiert werden, die beispielsweise zwischen zwei als Vlies ausgebildeten Kontaktkörpern positioniert ist. Durch die Dosierleitung werden beide Kontaktkörper gleichermaßen mit Wasser benetzt. Das Risiko, dass Wasser unkontrolliert aus dem Vlies heraustritt, ist dadurch minimiert.In order to improve the distribution of the water within the contact body, it is provided that adjacent to a contact body, a metering line extends with a plurality of openings through which the water to be evaporated can be introduced into the contact body. This may be a rigid or flexible line that runs in the edge region of the contact body. By way of gravity, such a dosing line can introduce water, for example from above, into a contact body. The water runs down inside the contact body, wets its surface and evaporates within the cooling air flow. The amount of water is metered so that it passes on its way through the contact body straight to the lower end and partially evaporated already on the way there. It is also conceivable that the metering lines are arranged on the cooling air flow facing or facing away from the surface of the contact body. As a result, the distance that the water has to cover within a plate-shaped contact body is shorter and it ensures a more even distribution of the cooling water, which also simplifies the dosage. It is considered to be particularly advantageous if the metering line is embedded in the contact body. This can be realized, for example, by a meandering dosing line which is positioned, for example, between two contact bodies formed as a nonwoven. Through the metering both contact bodies are wetted equally with water. The risk of water escaping uncontrollably from the fleece is thereby minimized.
Ferner wird es als vorteilhaft angesehen, wenn das zu verdunstende Wasser in den Dosierleitungen vorgewärmt ist, und zwar durch Wärmeübertragung von den Kondensationselementen auf die Dosierleitungen. Hierzu können die Dosierleitungen zwischen den Stirnseiten der Kondensationselemente und den an den Stirnseiten befestigten Kontaktkörpern verlaufen. Das auf diese Weise vorgewärmte Wasser entzieht den Kondensationselementen in geringem Umfang Wärme und verdunstet dadurch im Bereich der Kontaktkörper schneller. Dadurch wird die Leistungsfähigkeit eines derartig luftbeaufschlagten Kondensators erhöht.Furthermore, it is considered advantageous if the water to be evaporated is preheated in the metering, by heat transfer from the condensation elements to the metering. For this purpose, the metering lines can extend between the end faces of the condensation elements and the contact bodies attached to the end faces. The preheated in this way water extracts the condensing elements to a small extent heat and evaporates faster in the contact body. This increases the efficiency of such an air-charged capacitor.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der in den schematischen Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele der
Figur 1- eine schematische Darstellung eines luftbeaufschlagten Kondensators in A-Form bzw. Dachbauweise mit zusätzlichen Kontaktkörpem zur Wasserverdunstung;
Figuren 2bis 4- weitere Ausführungsformen eines Trockenkühlers in Dachbauweise mit anderen Anordnungen der Kontaktkörper,
Figur 5- eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Kondensationselements mit daran befestigten Kontaktkörpem;
Figur 6- ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kontaktkörpers mit einer mäanderförmig verlaufenden Dosierleitung in der Draufsicht;
- Figur 7
- den
Kontaktkörper der Figur 1 im Längsschnitt und Figur 8- eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Kontaktkörpers mit einer Dosier- leitung.
- FIG. 1
- a schematic representation of a luftbeaufschlagten capacitor in A-form or roof construction with additional Kontaktkörpem for water evaporation;
- FIGS. 2 to 4
- Further embodiments of a dry cooler in roof construction with other arrangements of the contact body,
- FIG. 5
- a perspective view of a condensation element attached thereto Kontaktkörpem;
- FIG. 6
- an embodiment of a contact body with a meandering dosing line in plan view;
- FIG. 7
- the contact body of
FIG. 1 in longitudinal section and - FIG. 8
- a further embodiment of a contact body with a metering line.
In der Ausführungsform der
Eine dritte Variante zeigt
Als besonders vorteilhaft wird die Ausführungsform der
Bei allen vorhergehenden Figuren wurde auf die Darstellung einer oder mehrerer Dosierleitungen zur Speisung der Kontaktkörper mit Wasser verzichtet. Die
Im Unterschied hierzu befindet sich bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
Denkbar ist es auch, dass die Dosierleitung zwischen zwei Kontäktkörpern eingebettet ist, wobei das zu verdunstende Wasser beiderseits der Dosierleitungen abgegeben wird.It is also conceivable that the metering line is embedded between two Kontäktkörpern, wherein the water to be evaporated is discharged on both sides of the metering.
- 1 -1 -
- Kondensatorcapacitor
- 2 -2 -
- Ventilatorfan
- 3 -3 -
- Kühlluftcooling air
- 4 -4 -
- Kondensationselementcondensation element
- 5 -5 -
- Kondensationselementcondensation element
- 6 -6 -
- Innenrauminner space
- 7 -7 -
- KontaktkörperContact body
- 7a -7a -
- KontaktkörperContact body
- 7b -7b -
- KontaktkörperContact body
- 7c -7c -
- KontaktkörperContact body
- 7d -7d -
- KontaktkörperContact body
- 7e -7e -
- KontaktkörperContact body
- 8 -8th -
- Ansaugbereichsuction
- 9 -9 -
- Austrittsbereichexit area
- 10 -10 -
- Anströmflächeinflow area
- 11 -11 -
- Rohrpipe
- 12 -12 -
- Querseitetransverse side
- 13 -13 -
- Ripperib
- 14 -14 -
- Stirnseite v. 11Front side v. 11
- 15 -15 -
- Dosierleitungdosing
- A -A -
- Position v. 7bPosition v. 7b
- B -B -
- Position v. 7bPosition v. 7b
Claims (15)
- Aerated condenser, with which at least one fan (2) is associated for generating a flow of cooling air in the region of condensation elements (4, 5), and wherein means for the adiabatic cooling of said flow of cooling air (3) arc provided, wherein said means for adiabatic cooling are contact bodies (7, 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e) which can be charged with water which is to be evaporated and which are arranged in the region of the flow of cooling air (3),
characterised in that
contact bodies (7a) are arranged in the region in which the flow of cooling air (3) passes out of the at least one fan (2). - Aerated condenser according to claim 1,
characterised in that
the condensation elements (4, 5) are designed for condensing water vapour. - Aerated condenser according to claim 1 or 2,
characterised in that
contact bodies (7b, 7c) are arranged directly in front of the condensation elements (4, 5) and cover at least part of that face (10) of the condensation elements (4, 5) against which the flow impinges. - Aerated condenser according to claim 3,
characterised in that
the degree to which the face (10) against which the flow impinges is covered can be adjusted by moving the contact bodies (7b, 7c). - Aerated condenser according to claim 1,
characterised in that
the contact bodies (7b, 7c) arc pivotable. - Aerated condenser according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterised in that
contact bodies (7d) are fastened directly to the condensation elements (4, 5) on the sides of the latter that face towards the incoming flow of cooling air (3). - Aerated condenser according to claim 6,
characterised in that
the contact bodies (7d) are fastened to the end faces (14) of tubes (11) of the condensation elements (4, 5), which tubes are provided with fins (13) on the transverse sides (12). - Aerated condenser according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterised in that
the contact body is a non-woven fabric. - Aerated condenser according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterised in that
the contact body is a porous plastic. - Aerated condenser according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterised in that
a metering system which controls the quantity of water to be introduced into the contact bodies is provided. - Aerated condenser according to claim 10,
characterised in that
the quantity of water introduced into the contact bodies by the metering system is not greater than the quantity of water to be evaporated. - Aerated condenser according to either of claims 10 or 11,
characterised in that
a metering line (15) having a number of apertures through which the water to be evaporated can be conducted into the contact body (7e) extends adjacently to said contact body (7e). - Aerated condenser according to one of claims 10 to 12,
characterised in that
a metering line (15), which has a number of apertures through which the water to be evaporated can be conducted into the contact body (7e), is embedded in the contact bodies (7e). - Aerated condenser according to either of claims 12 or 13,
characterised in that
the water to be evaporated is preheated in the metering lines (15) by the transfer of heat from the condensation element (4) to said metering lines (15). - Aerated condenser according to claim 14,
characterised in that
the metering lines (15) extend between the end faces (14) of the condensation elements and the contact bodies (7e) fastened to said end faces (14).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102006013011A DE102006013011A1 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2006-03-20 | Air-loaded condenser for cooling large plants in power station area, has contact bodies for adiabatic cooling of cooling air flow, where contact bodies are filled with water to be evaporated and are arranged in area of cooling air flow |
PCT/DE2007/000449 WO2007110034A1 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2007-03-13 | Condenser which is exposed to air |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1996886A1 EP1996886A1 (en) | 2008-12-03 |
EP1996886B1 true EP1996886B1 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
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EP (1) | EP1996886B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2009530579A (en) |
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CN104197748B (en) * | 2014-08-07 | 2016-03-16 | 无锡市豫达换热器有限公司 | Based on the air cooler of chamfered edge platform structure |
FR3064052B1 (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2019-06-07 | Technip France | NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION SYSTEM PROVIDED ON SURFACE OF A WATER EXTEND, AND ASSOCIATED COOLING METHOD |
DE102021005770A1 (en) | 2021-11-22 | 2023-05-25 | Serge Olivier Menkuimb | Novel and regenerative energy generation cooling system |
CN114812214A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-07-29 | 中国能源建设集团山西省电力勘测设计院有限公司 | Direct air cooling system transformation method for enabling air cooling condenser to have energy-saving and life-prolonging effects |
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- 2008-08-07 TN TNP2008000325A patent/TNSN08325A1/en unknown
- 2008-09-17 ZA ZA200807981A patent/ZA200807981B/en unknown
- 2008-10-20 MA MA31312A patent/MA30347B1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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IL193222A0 (en) | 2009-02-11 |
CN101400958A (en) | 2009-04-01 |
MX2008010960A (en) | 2008-09-08 |
WO2007110034A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
ZA200807981B (en) | 2009-07-29 |
EP1996886A1 (en) | 2008-12-03 |
JP2009530579A (en) | 2009-08-27 |
MA30347B1 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
DE102006013011A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
AU2007231407B2 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
AP2008004565A0 (en) | 2008-08-31 |
AU2007231407A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
US20100218537A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
TNSN08325A1 (en) | 2009-12-29 |
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