EP3728975B1 - Air-cooled condenser installation - Google Patents
Air-cooled condenser installation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3728975B1 EP3728975B1 EP18821991.9A EP18821991A EP3728975B1 EP 3728975 B1 EP3728975 B1 EP 3728975B1 EP 18821991 A EP18821991 A EP 18821991A EP 3728975 B1 EP3728975 B1 EP 3728975B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wet
- dry cooler
- cooling
- dry
- cooler
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
- F28D5/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation in which the evaporating medium flows in a continuous film or trickles freely over the conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
- F28B1/02—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
- F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
- F28B9/04—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for feeding, collecting, and storing cooling water or other cooling liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
- F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
- F28B2001/065—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium with secondary condenser, e.g. reflux condenser or dephlegmator
Definitions
- the invention relates to an air-cooled condenser system with the features in the preamble of claim 1.
- Air-cooled condensers are used as so-called dry coolers for the condensation of process vapors, in particular turbine steam.
- Finned tubes connected in parallel form tube bundles that serve as surface condensers.
- the finned tube elements are under vacuum on the inside. Non-condensable gases are sucked out.
- the condensate obtained is fed back into the feed water circuit.
- Direct current capacitors and counter current capacitors (dephlegmators) are combined with one another.
- the cooling air flow is generally generated by fans, less often by natural drafts, with dry coolers in roof construction (A-arrangement) being widespread.
- the tube bundles form the legs of a triangle, at the base of which the fans are arranged.
- the fan is located above the tube bundle.
- the steam flows from an upper one Down the distribution line into the flow condenser.
- the condensate which also flows downwards, is collected in a condensate collecting line.
- exhaust steam is introduced into the cooling tubes from below and thus guided against the draining condensate.
- flow condensers and countercurrent condensers are combined with one another. The so-called condensation end of the steam is then in the countercurrent condenser.
- WO 2013/011414 A1 it counts through that WO 2013/011414 A1 to the state of the art to design a dephlegmator in two-stage construction as a wet / dry cooler.
- a countercurrent condenser is used as a dry cooler, followed by a second stage with a horizontal tube bundle with smooth or finned tubes.
- This second stage can be operated wet or dry.
- wet operation nozzles arranged above the tube bundle are opened, which wet the tube bundle on the outside in order to increase the condensation performance.
- the water that has not evaporated is collected below the tube bundle.
- the condensing steam flow is deflected several times within the tube bundle.
- the GB 900 949 discloses combining A-type heat exchangers with upstream adiabatic cooling.
- water droplets that have not evaporated can lead to corrosion and deposits on the structure, which is undesirable from an economic point of view.
- the CN 201 772 768 U discloses an air-cooled condenser system with at least one dry cooler which has a plurality of tube bundles which are cooled on the outside by cooling air and through which a vapor to be condensed flows on the inside.
- the condenser system has at least one steam distribution line, the at least one dry cooler being assigned at least one wet / dry cooler, which, depending on the weather, serves as a wet cooler or alternatively as a dry cooler due to external wetting with cooling water.
- the wet / dry cooler is connected to the same steam distribution line and has cooling air flowing against it, which is moved by a fan. The steam coming from the steam distribution line can be introduced into the wet / dry cooler.
- the BE 1 006 285 A3 discloses an air-cooled condenser system with a wet cooler and a dry cooler.
- the wet cooler is operated exclusively wet and can only develop a cooling effect when it functions as a wet cooler.
- the cooling takes place by directing water onto a steam line via a nozzle.
- the water flows down the horizontal steam pipe and collects in a channel in which the steam pipe runs.
- the U-shaped channel which is open at the top, is not forced ventilation. Dry cooling therefore does not take place when the water or coolant supply is switched off. There is no supply of cooling air, so that this part of a condensation arrangement serves as a pure wet cooler.
- the object of the invention is to further develop an air-cooled condenser system with a dry cooler with several A-shaped tube bundles in such a way that the shortest possible steam distribution lines with little space requirement and high cooling capacity of the system can be achieved with a small cross-section.
- the air-cooled condenser system comprises a dry cooler which has several tube bundles.
- the tube bundles are flowed through on the inside by a vapor to be condensed and cooled on the outside by cooling air.
- the steam is supplied via at least one steam distribution line.
- the steam distribution line runs in the area of the upper ends of the Tube bundle.
- the tube bundles are arranged in an A or V shape.
- the dry coolers are assigned at least one wet / dry cooler, which, depending on the weather (cool, calm), is only operated as a dry cooler or is additionally wetted with cooling water at higher outside temperatures and / or strong winds and in this case serves as a wet cooler.
- the wet / dry cooler is connected to the same steam distribution line as the dry cooler. Coming from the steam distribution line, the steam can be fed into the wet / dry cooler.
- the invention provides that the wet / dry cooler is connected to the same steam distribution line running at the upper ends of the tube bundle as the A- or V-shaped tube bundle.
- the steam distribution line runs essentially horizontally.
- the wet / dry cooler is therefore arranged in the immediate vicinity of the A- or V-shaped tube bundle.
- the immediate proximity has the advantage that no further steam distribution line is required to supply the steam to a remotely located wet / dry cooler.
- A-shaped tube bundles are exposed to the flow of cooling air from below, which air is forced into the inflow space between the A-shaped tube bundles by a fan.
- a fan can also be arranged below the wet / dry cooler.
- the wet / dry cooler according to the invention can therefore be easily integrated into the grid of the fans of the condenser system.
- a fan is arranged above the tube bundles. The fan sucks air into the space between the tube bundles (InAir).
- the wet / dry cooler is connected upstream of the dry cooler in the direction of flow of the steam distribution line. This means that in the case of the A- or V-shaped tube bundles, which are typically arranged in a KD circuit, the flow is at the first position of the wet / dry cooler. This can the steam distribution line for the downstream dry cooler should be smaller. In contrast to systems in which the wet / dry cooler is connected downstream of the dephlegmator, in the invention the wet / dry cooler is connected in parallel to the dephlegmator. Calculations have shown that this arrangement of the wet / dry cooler has a positive effect on improving the power plant efficiency. The power plant efficiency is only mentioned here as a representative of other plant efficiencies, because especially in steam power plants large amounts of steam have to be condensed. In the same way, there are positive effects on the efficiency of process vapors from other steam-generating processes.
- the dry cooler and the at least one wet / dry cooler are preferably arranged in a row below the steam distribution lines and at the same time arranged above a platform with fans. In terms of flow, it is best to redirect the mass flow of the steam as little as possible. A linear arrangement of wet / dry coolers and subsequent dry coolers, specifically in the immediate vicinity, is therefore preferred.
- the arrangement of fans on a platform creates the necessary intake space for the cooling air below the fans.
- the dry cooler and the at least one wet / dry cooler are also in a row, but the steam distribution line is not located centrally above the wet / dry cooler, but feeds it from the side.
- the fan of the wet / dry cooler is located below the wet / dry cooler.
- the wet / dry cooler is assigned to the at least two rows together.
- a single wet / dry cooler can also be assigned to three or more rows.
- a typical arrangement provides, for example, three rows running next to one another, which are connected to a steam supply via three risers. In this case, the wet / dry cooler is preferably arranged at the beginning of the middle row adjacent to the riser to the steam distribution line.
- the wet / dry cooler has the same footprint as a group of A- or V-shaped dry coolers, so that the grid dimension of a condenser arrangement consisting of one or more rows can be adhered to. It is even possible to retrofit an existing condenser system with such a wet / dry cooler at a later date in order to increase the cooling capacity on particularly hot days.
- the wet / dry cooler according to the invention has several cooling tubes, the inlet sides of which are connected to a common inlet chamber and the outlet sides of which are connected to a common condensate collection chamber.
- the exit sides of the cooling tubes are lower than the respective entry sides. It only has to be ensured that the condensate can drain off in sufficient quantity.
- the inclination of the cooling tubes is much less than the inclination of the A- or V-shaped tube bundle.
- the cooling pipes of the wet / dry cooler can be described as running essentially horizontally, taking into account the necessary gradient.
- the wet / dry cooler has a cooling water distribution above the cooling tubes in order to distribute cooling water on the outside of the cooling tubes.
- Collecting means are located below the cooling tubes in order to collect cooling water, which has not evaporated through contact with the cooling tubes, underneath the cooling tubes. The collected cooling water is fed back into a cooling water circuit in order to pump it again for the cooling water distribution. Intermediate cooling of the cooling water is possible.
- the wet / dry cooler is preferably surrounded by walls which delimit a collecting space for the cooling air on the underside of the cooling tubes.
- the wet / dry cooler according to the invention is based on the principle that an overpressure is generated below the dry cooler by the fans.
- the cooling air flows between the cooling tubes, the evaporative cooling of the cooling water being used in wet operation in order to increase the cooling capacity. A suction operation is also possible.
- the capacitor arrangement according to the invention prevents the reduction of the power plant output on very hot days or in windy conditions. In windy conditions, which can lead to hot air recirculation, the performance of the wet / dry cooler increases due to the increased evaporation.
- the measured evaporation rates are lower in the wet / dry cooler according to the invention than evaporation rates in other technologies, such as. B. in the adiabatic pre-cooling of the cooling air. Accordingly, the proportion of the cooling water that has to be exchanged due to the increasing salt concentration is also lower in the case of the condenser arrangement according to the invention than in the case of separate wet cooling towers.
- the integration of the wet cooling in connection with the already existing steam distribution line is a structural advantage, so that the overall space requirement is reduced.
- some structures and components can be dispensed with, such as wet cooling towers and correspondingly long pipelines, valves and surface condensers through which the process steam is directed to the outside. It should not be underestimated here that the cooling water has to be moved in separate cooling towers with a high pumping effort.
- the energy requirement is lower due to the omission of the large circulating pumps.
- Another advantage of the invention is that the extensive wetting of the cooling tubes by means of spray nozzles, which also eject coarse droplets, is technically easier and more reliable to implement than with adiabatic pre-cooling of the cooling air.
- adiabatic pre-cooling nozzles that generate fine droplets must be used, which is only possible with high water pressure. The effort for this is high.
- nozzles with small openings naturally clog after some time, as a result of which the droplets become larger and complete evaporation of the droplets can no longer be achieved. This can lead to undesirable wetting of the tube bundle, which is not desirable for reasons of corrosion alone.
- the capacitor arrangement according to the invention it is possible to reduce the costs of setting up a cooling system, but also the operating costs.
- the space required for such a system is less.
- the entire structure of the cooling arrangement is less complex than with two separately arranged cooling systems.
- the capacitor arrangement according to the invention can react to negative environmental influences such. B. react very quickly to strong winds or to the recirculation of heated air by switching from dry cooling to wet cooling. The system can be switched off again quickly when the operating parameters have improved again.
- FIG. 1 shows a condenser system 1 for condensing steam 2, which absorbs process steam via a horizontally running steam distribution line 3.
- the arrows shown illustrate the directions of flow of the steam 2.
- the steam 2 flows through the steam distribution line 3 in the plane of the drawing from top to bottom into four condenser-connected tube bundles 4.
- the steam 2 condenses in these tube bundles, the condensate flowing downwards and being collected in a condensate collecting line 5 and discharged.
- the tube bundles 4 denoted by K are connected as a capacitor.
- the steam 2 and the condensate flow in the same direction.
- the four condenser-connected tube bundles 4 do not condense the steam 2 completely.
- Excess steam 2 is fed via the steam distribution line 3 to a tube bundle 6 switched to dephlegmatorically.
- This tube bundle 6 is flowed through by the steam 2 from bottom to top, that is, against the direction of flow of the condensate.
- At the upper end of the dephlegmatorically switched tube bundle 6 there is a suction device for non-condensed gases, not shown here.
- the section of the condenser system described above forms a total of a dry cooler 7 because cooling air 8 flows against it from below, which air is moved below the tube bundle 4 via fans 9.
- a wet / dry cooler 10 in the condenser system according to the invention. Cooling air 8, which is moved by a fan 9, also flows against it.
- the wet / dry cooler 10 is operated in parallel to the dry cooler 7 and is also directly connected to the steam distribution line.
- the wet / dry cooler 10 is therefore connected in parallel with the subsequent dry coolers.
- the ridge-side steam distribution line 3 is the common supply line for the wet / dry cooler 10 and the subsequent dry cooler 7.
- the space requirement of the wet / dry cooler 10 is adapted to the grid dimensions of the fans 9 or the tube bundle 4.
- the wet / dry cooler 10 can be incorporated with only little additional structural effort.
- FIG. 2 shows a sectional illustration in cross section through the steam distribution line 3 in the area of the wet / dry cooler 10. Cooling air 8 is sucked in from below by the fan 9 and pressed into a collecting space 11 below cooling pipes 12. The cooling air 8 is heated as it flows past the cooling tubes 12 on the outside and emerges at the top as warm exhaust air in the area of the arrows P1 on both sides of the steam distribution line 3.
- the steam 2 to be condensed is directed from the steam distribution line 3 arranged above the wet / dry cooler 10 centrally and on both sides into an inlet chamber 13 and from there into the connected cooling tubes 12.
- the condensate that forms is collected in condensate collection chambers 14 and drained off via connections 15.
- the cooling tubes 12 have a slight gradient from the inside to the outside so that the condensate flows in the direction of the condensate collecting chambers 14.
- the wet / dry cooler 10 can be operated both in dry operation and in wet operation. In wet operation, the cooling pipes 12 are acted upon on the outside with cooling water 16, which is discharged via a water distributor 17 above the cooling pipes 12.
- the water distribution 17 can be an arrangement of nozzles.
- the droplet separator 25 can be a grid-like arrangement of metal sheets, which is intended to prevent lateral winds from impairing the uniform flow onto the cooling tubes 12 from below and thus reducing the condensation capacity.
- Cooling water 16, which does not evaporate, is collected via collecting means 18 below the cooling tubes 12.
- the cooling water 16 is fed back into a circuit and directed again to the water distributor 17 via a pump (not shown in detail).
- the collecting means 18 are arranged in such a way that the cooling air 8 can flow through between adjacent collecting means 18 and thereby reaches the cooling tubes 12.
- FIG. 3 shows the arrangement according to the invention in a perspective view.
- the steam distribution line 3 guides the steam 2 from right to left in the plane of the drawing.
- the cross section of the steam distribution line 3 is reduced in the direction of flow of the steam 2. It can be seen that the steam distribution line 3 runs on the ridge side of the A-shaped tube bundle 4, which is connected with its lower ends to the condensate collecting line 5.
- Cooling air 8 is pressed from below into the triangular space below the tube bundle 4 via the fans 9 through the funnel-shaped inlet nozzle 19.
- the heated cooling air 8 flows off in the direction of the arrows P1 above the tube bundle 4.
- a dry cooler 7 is located in the image plane on the left and a wet / dry cooler 10 in the image plane on the right.
- the wet / dry cooler 10 is located directly below the steam distribution line 3.
- Cold cooling air 8 also flows against it from below.
- the wet / dry cooler 10 is shown in wet mode. Cooling water 16 is sprayed through nozzles of the water distribution 17 and thus reaches the cooling pipes 12, shown in simplified form as a solid block, on the outside 20 feed.
- the collecting line 20 is connected to a cooling water circuit 21 which has a pump and a tank 22 and the water for redistribution the water distribution 17 supplies.
- the steam 2 is condensed within the cooling tubes 12 of the wet / dry cooler 10 and collected in a manner not shown.
- the wet / dry cooler 10 has closed walls 23 which enclose the area between the fan 9 and the water distributor 17 and the droplet separator 25. This ensures that the warm cooling air 8 emerges in the direction of the arrows P1 only above the cooling water distribution 17 and above the droplet separator 25.
- Figure 4 shows a condenser arrangement 1 with three rows R1, R2, R3 each with four fans 9.
- the two outer rows R1, R3 there are exclusively dry coolers 7 below the steam distribution lines 3.
- the middle row R2 there is also a dry cooler 10 so that there are three dry coolers 7 and one wet / dry cooler 10 in the middle row R2.
- the illustration shows that the space requirement for the combination of wet / dry cooler 10 and dry cooler 7 is not greater because the wet / dry cooler 10 is fully integrated into the condenser system 1 previously formed from pure dry coolers 7. There is also no additional space requirement for height ( Figure 5 ).
- the view of the Figure 5 shows the ridge-side steam distribution lines of the three rows R1, R2, R3 and the A-shaped arranged tube bundle 4 of the dry cooler 7.
- the central wet / dry cooler 10, which is connected to the middle steam distribution line 3, is not wider than the arrangement of the A-shaped positioned tube bundle 4.
- identical fans 9 can be used.
- No further installation space is required near the floor for the cooling tubes 12 of the wet / dry cooler 10. Only a pump and a tank 22 for the cooling water 16 are required in order to maintain the circuit for the cooling water 16.
- a main exhaust line 26 conveys the steam 2 via risers to the three ridge-side steam distribution lines 3.
- the Figures 6 and 7 show the wet / dry cooler 10 of FIG Figures 4 and 5 in longitudinal as well as in cross-section.
- the collecting means 18 are arranged at a slight incline so that the cooling water 16, which is distributed to the cooling tubes 12 via the water distributor 17, is collected by the collecting means 18 and fed to the trough-shaped, upwardly open collecting line 20.
- the collecting means 18 consists of several, for example U- or V-shaped channels, which run parallel to one another, and in the exemplary embodiment of FIG Figure 7 direct the cooling water 16 to the left in the plane of the drawing.
- the heat exchanger package with the cooling tubes 12 is arranged essentially horizontally in this illustration, so that it is completely spanned in length and width by the water distribution 17, so that the cooling tubes 12 can be evenly wetted.
- the fan 9 with its drive 24 is therefore largely protected from moisture.
- the drive 24 is an electric motor. It can be connected to the fan via a gearbox.
- the electric motor can also be designed as a direct drive without the need for an additional gear. It can be a four-pole motor or a permanent magnet motor.
- FIG 8 shows in a side view in a highly schematic representation a V-shaped arrangement of dry coolers 7, which are each connected to steam distribution lines 3 on the top.
- two rows of dry coolers 7 are shown next to one another, so that a W-shaped structure results.
- the fans 9 are now located above the dry cooler 7, adjacent to the steam distribution lines 3.
- the condensate that forms in the tube bundles flows down into a condensate collecting line 5.
- the wet / dry cooler 10 which is located above the condensate collecting line 5, is fed laterally by two steam distribution lines 3.
- a further fan 9 is arranged below the wet / dry cooler 10 for the flow to the wet / dry cooler 10. This is from the appearance of the Figure 9 more clear.
- FIG. 9 The greatly simplified representation of the Figure 9 (partly in section) shows the fans 9 between the steam distribution lines 3 at the upper ends of the tube bundle 6.
- the additional fan 9, which is arranged below the wet / dry cooler 10, is provided only for this individual wet / dry cooler 10. While the fans 9 for the dry cooler 7 suck the air through the tube bundle 6, the lower fan 9 pushes the air through the wet / dry cooler 10 from below / Dry cooler 10 separate rooms are available in order to direct the respective air flow to the wet / dry cooler 10 or to the tube bundles 6.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine luftgekühlte Kondensatoranlage mit den Merkmalen im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to an air-cooled condenser system with the features in the preamble of
Luftgekühlte Kondensatoren werden als sogenannte Trockenkühler zur Kondensation von Prozessdämpfen, insbesondere von Turbinendampf eingesetzt. Parallel geschaltete Rippenrohre bilden Rohrbündel, die als Oberflächenkondensatoren dienen. Die Rippenrohr-Elemente stehen innenseitig unter Vakuum. Nicht kondensierbare Gase werden abgesaugt. Das gewonnene Kondensat wird in den Speisewasserkreislauf zurückgeführt. Es werden Gleichstrom-Kondensatoren und Gegenstrom-Kondensatoren (Dephlegmatoren) miteinander kombiniert. Der Kühlluftstrom wird im Allgemeinen mittels Ventilatoren erzeugt, seltener durch Naturzug, wobei Trockenkühler in Dachbauweise (A-Anordnung) weit verbreitet sind. Hierbei bilden die Rohrbündel die Schenkel eines Dreiecks, an dessen Basis die Ventilatoren angeordnet sind. Sind die Trockenkühler in V-Form angeordnet, befindet sich der Ventilator oberhalb der Rohrbündel. Bei der Durchfluss-Kondensatorschaltung strömt der Dampf von einer oben gelegenen Verteilerleitung nach unten in den Durchfluss-Kondensator ein. Das ebenfalls nach unten fließende Kondensat wird in einer Kondensatsammelleitung aufgefangen. Bei der Gegenstrom-Kondensatorschaltung wird Abdampf von unten in die Kühlrohre eingeleitet und so gegen das abfließende Kondensat geführt. In der Praxis werden Durchfluss-Kondensatoren und Gegenstrom-Kondensatoren miteinander kombiniert. Das sogenannte Kondensationsende des Dampfes liegt dann im Gegenstrom-Kondensator.Air-cooled condensers are used as so-called dry coolers for the condensation of process vapors, in particular turbine steam. Finned tubes connected in parallel form tube bundles that serve as surface condensers. The finned tube elements are under vacuum on the inside. Non-condensable gases are sucked out. The condensate obtained is fed back into the feed water circuit. Direct current capacitors and counter current capacitors (dephlegmators) are combined with one another. The cooling air flow is generally generated by fans, less often by natural drafts, with dry coolers in roof construction (A-arrangement) being widespread. Here, the tube bundles form the legs of a triangle, at the base of which the fans are arranged. If the dry coolers are arranged in a V shape, the fan is located above the tube bundle. In the case of the flow-through condenser circuit, the steam flows from an upper one Down the distribution line into the flow condenser. The condensate, which also flows downwards, is collected in a condensate collecting line. With the countercurrent condenser circuit, exhaust steam is introduced into the cooling tubes from below and thus guided against the draining condensate. In practice, flow condensers and countercurrent condensers are combined with one another. The so-called condensation end of the steam is then in the countercurrent condenser.
Es zählt durch die
Die
Es ist aus der
Die
Die
Diese Aufgabe ist bei einer luftgekühlten Kondensatoranlage mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved in an air-cooled condenser system with the features of
Die Unteransprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.The subclaims relate to advantageous developments of the invention.
Die erfindungsgemäße, luftgekühlte Kondensatoranlage umfasst einen Trockenkühler, der mehrere Rohrbündel aufweist. Die Rohrbündel werden innenseitig von einem zu kondensierenden Dampf durchströmt und außenseitig von Kühlluft gekühlt. Der Dampf wird über wenigstens eine Dampfverteilleitung zugeführt. Die Dampfverteilleitung verläuft im Bereich der oberen Enden der Rohrbündel. Die Rohrbündel sind A- oder V-förmig angeordnet. Den Trockenkühlern ist wenigstens ein Nass/Trockenkühler zugeordnet, der je nach Witterung (kühl, windstill) nur als Trockenkühler betrieben wird oder bei höheren Außentemperaturen und/oder starkem Wind zusätzlich mit Kühlwasser benetzt wird und in diesem Fall als Nasskühler dient. Der Nass/Trockenkühler ist an dieselbe Dampfverteilleitung angeschlossen wie der Trockenkühler. Aus der Dampfverteilleitung kommend ist der Dampf in den Nass/Trockenkühler einleitbar.The air-cooled condenser system according to the invention comprises a dry cooler which has several tube bundles. The tube bundles are flowed through on the inside by a vapor to be condensed and cooled on the outside by cooling air. The steam is supplied via at least one steam distribution line. The steam distribution line runs in the area of the upper ends of the Tube bundle. The tube bundles are arranged in an A or V shape. The dry coolers are assigned at least one wet / dry cooler, which, depending on the weather (cool, calm), is only operated as a dry cooler or is additionally wetted with cooling water at higher outside temperatures and / or strong winds and in this case serves as a wet cooler. The wet / dry cooler is connected to the same steam distribution line as the dry cooler. Coming from the steam distribution line, the steam can be fed into the wet / dry cooler.
Die Erfindung sieht vor, dass der Nass/Trockenkühler an dieselbe, an den oberen Enden der Rohrbündel verlaufende Dampfverteilleitung angeschlossen wie die A- oder V-förmig angeordneten Rohrbündel. Die Dampfverteilleitung verläuft im Wesentlichen horizontal. Der Nass/Trockenkühler ist daher in unmittelbarer Nähe der A- oder V-förmig angeordneten Rohrbündel angeordnet. Die unmittelbare Nähe hat den Vorteil, dass keine weitere Dampfverteilleitung zur Zuführung des Dampfes zu einem entfernt angeordneten Nass/Trockenkühler erforderlich ist.The invention provides that the wet / dry cooler is connected to the same steam distribution line running at the upper ends of the tube bundle as the A- or V-shaped tube bundle. The steam distribution line runs essentially horizontally. The wet / dry cooler is therefore arranged in the immediate vicinity of the A- or V-shaped tube bundle. The immediate proximity has the advantage that no further steam distribution line is required to supply the steam to a remotely located wet / dry cooler.
Dadurch ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, den Nass/Trockenkühler in seinen Abmessungen bezüglich der Grundfläche der A- oder V-förmig angeordneten Rohrbündel anzupassen. Üblicherweise werden A-förmig angeordnete Rohrbündel von unten mit Kühlluft angeströmt, die über einen Ventilator in den Anströmraum zwischen den A-förmig angeordneten Rohrbündeln gedrückt wird. Ein solcher Ventilator kann auch unterhalb des Nass/Trockenkühlers angeordnet werden. Der erfindungsgemäße Nass/Trockenkühler ist daher einfach in das Raster der Ventilatoren der Kondensatoranlage eingliederbar. Alternativ ist ein Lüfter bei einer V-förmigen Anordnung der Rohrbündel oberhalb der Rohrbündel angeordnet. Der Lüfter saugt Luft in den Raum zwischen den Rohrbündeln (InAir).This results in the possibility of adapting the dimensions of the wet / dry cooler with respect to the base area of the A- or V-shaped tube bundle. Usually, A-shaped tube bundles are exposed to the flow of cooling air from below, which air is forced into the inflow space between the A-shaped tube bundles by a fan. Such a fan can also be arranged below the wet / dry cooler. The wet / dry cooler according to the invention can therefore be easily integrated into the grid of the fans of the condenser system. Alternatively, in the case of a V-shaped arrangement of the tube bundles, a fan is arranged above the tube bundles. The fan sucks air into the space between the tube bundles (InAir).
Der Nass/Trockenkühler ist den Trockenkühlern in Strömungsrichtung der Dampfverteilleitung vorgeschaltet. Das bedeutet, dass bei den A- oder V-förmig angeordneten Rohrbündeln, die typischerweise in K-D-Schaltung angeordnet sind, an erster Position der Nass/Trockenkühler angeströmt wird. Dadurch kann die Dampfverteilleitung für die nachfolgenden Trockenkühler kleiner ausfallen. Im Unterschied zu Systemen, bei welchen der Nass/Trockenkühler dem Dephlegmator nachgeschaltet ist, ist bei der Erfindung der Nass/Trockenkühler parallel zum Dephlegmator geschaltet. Berechnungen haben gezeigt, dass diese Anordnung des Nass/Trockenkühlers sich positiv auf die Verbesserung des Kraftwerkwirkungsgrades auswirkt. Der Kraftwerkwirkungsgrad wird hier nur stellvertretend für andere Anlagenwirkungsgrade genannt, weil insbesondere bei Dampfkraftwerken große Mengen von Dampf kondensiert werden müssen. In gleicher Weise ergeben sich positive Effekte für den Wirkungsgrad auch bei Prozessdämpfen anderer dampferzeugender Prozesse.The wet / dry cooler is connected upstream of the dry cooler in the direction of flow of the steam distribution line. This means that in the case of the A- or V-shaped tube bundles, which are typically arranged in a KD circuit, the flow is at the first position of the wet / dry cooler. This can the steam distribution line for the downstream dry cooler should be smaller. In contrast to systems in which the wet / dry cooler is connected downstream of the dephlegmator, in the invention the wet / dry cooler is connected in parallel to the dephlegmator. Calculations have shown that this arrangement of the wet / dry cooler has a positive effect on improving the power plant efficiency. The power plant efficiency is only mentioned here as a representative of other plant efficiencies, because especially in steam power plants large amounts of steam have to be condensed. In the same way, there are positive effects on the efficiency of process vapors from other steam-generating processes.
Die Trockenkühler und der wenigstens eine Nass/Trockenkühler sind bei der A-Form bevorzugt in einer Reihe unterhalb der Dampfverteilleitungen angeordnet und gleichzeitig oberhalb einer Plattform mit Ventilatoren angeordnet. Es ist strömungstechnisch am günstigsten, den Massenstrom des Dampfes möglichst wenig umzuleiten. Daher wird eine lineare Anordnung von Nass/Trockenkühlern und sich anschließenden Trockenkühlern, und zwar in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft bevorzugt. Die Anordnung von Ventilatoren an einer Plattform schafft unterhalb der Ventilatoren den notwendigen Ansaugraum für die Kühlluft.In the A-shape, the dry cooler and the at least one wet / dry cooler are preferably arranged in a row below the steam distribution lines and at the same time arranged above a platform with fans. In terms of flow, it is best to redirect the mass flow of the steam as little as possible. A linear arrangement of wet / dry coolers and subsequent dry coolers, specifically in the immediate vicinity, is therefore preferred. The arrangement of fans on a platform creates the necessary intake space for the cooling air below the fans.
Bei der V-Form befinden sich die Trockenkühler und der wenigstens eine Nass/Trockenkühler auch in einer Reihe, allerdings befindet sich die Dampfverteilleitung nicht zentral oberhalb des Nass/Trockenkühlers, sondern speist diesen von der Seite her. Der Lüfter des Nass/Trockenkühlers befindet sich unterhalb des Nass/Trockenkühlers.In the V-shape, the dry cooler and the at least one wet / dry cooler are also in a row, but the steam distribution line is not located centrally above the wet / dry cooler, but feeds it from the side. The fan of the wet / dry cooler is located below the wet / dry cooler.
In bevorzugter Weise werden mehrere Reihen von Trockenkühlern nebeneinander errichtet, weil hierdurch Einsparungen beim Stahlunterbau oder generell bei der Tragwerkskonstruktion möglich sind. Nicht jede Reihe von Trockenkühlern benötigt einen eigenen Nass/Trockenkühler. Dementsprechend kann neben der einen Reihe mit dem oben beschriebenen Nass/Trockenkühler wenigstens eine weitere Reihe ohne einen solchen Nass/Trockenkühler angeordnet sein. Dabei werden die wenigstens zwei Reihen von Dampfverteilleitungen gespeist, die bevorzugt parallel verlaufen und die an eine gemeinsame Hauptabdampfleitung angeschlossen sind. Im Ergebnis ist der Nass/Trockenkühler den wenigstens zwei Reihen gemeinsam zugeordnet. Ein einzelner Nass/Trockenkühler kann auch drei oder mehr Reihen zugeordnet sein. Eine typische Anordnung sieht beispielsweise drei nebeneinander verlaufende Reihen vor, die über drei Steigleitungen an eine Dampfzuführung angeschlossen sind. Der Nass/Trockenkühler ist in diesem Fall bevorzugt anfangs der mittleren Reihe benachbart der Steigleitung zur Dampfverteilleitung angeordnet.Preferably, several rows of dry coolers are erected next to one another, because this allows savings in the steel substructure or generally in the supporting structure. Not every line of dry coolers needs its own wet / dry cooler. Accordingly, in addition to the one row with the wet / dry cooler described above, at least one further row without such a wet / dry cooler can be arranged. The at least two rows of Steam distribution lines fed, which preferably run in parallel and which are connected to a common main exhaust line. As a result, the wet / dry cooler is assigned to the at least two rows together. A single wet / dry cooler can also be assigned to three or more rows. A typical arrangement provides, for example, three rows running next to one another, which are connected to a steam supply via three risers. In this case, the wet / dry cooler is preferably arranged at the beginning of the middle row adjacent to the riser to the steam distribution line.
Der Nass/Trockenkühler besitzt dieselbe Grundfläche wie eine Gruppe von A- oder V-förmig angeordneten Trockenkühlern, so dass das Rastermaß einer aus ein oder mehreren Reihen bestehenden Kondensatoranordnungen eingehalten werden kann. Es ist sogar eine spätere Umrüstung einer bestehenden Kondensatoranlage mit einem solchen Nass/Trockenkühler möglich, um an besonders heißen Tagen die Kühlleistung zu erhöhen.The wet / dry cooler has the same footprint as a group of A- or V-shaped dry coolers, so that the grid dimension of a condenser arrangement consisting of one or more rows can be adhered to. It is even possible to retrofit an existing condenser system with such a wet / dry cooler at a later date in order to increase the cooling capacity on particularly hot days.
Der erfindungsgemäße Nass/Trockenkühler besitzt mehrere Kühlrohre, deren Eintrittsseiten an eine gemeinsame Eintrittskammer und deren Austrittsseiten an eine gemeinsame Kondensatsammelkammer angeschlossen sind. Die Austrittsseiten der Kühlrohre befinden sich tiefer als die jeweiligen Eintrittsseiten. Es muss lediglich sichergestellt werden, dass das Kondensat in hinreichender Menge abfließen kann. Die Neigung der Kühlrohre ist wesentlich geringer als die Neigung der A- oder V-förmigen Rohrbündel. Die Kühlrohre der Nass/Trockenkühler können unter Berücksichtigung des notwendigen Gefälles als im Wesentlichen horizontal verlaufend bezeichnet werden.The wet / dry cooler according to the invention has several cooling tubes, the inlet sides of which are connected to a common inlet chamber and the outlet sides of which are connected to a common condensate collection chamber. The exit sides of the cooling tubes are lower than the respective entry sides. It only has to be ensured that the condensate can drain off in sufficient quantity. The inclination of the cooling tubes is much less than the inclination of the A- or V-shaped tube bundle. The cooling pipes of the wet / dry cooler can be described as running essentially horizontally, taking into account the necessary gradient.
Der Nass/Trockenkühler besitzt eine Kühlwasserverteilung oberhalb der Kühlrohre, um Kühlwasser außenseitig auf den Kühlrohren zu verteilen. Unterhalb der Kühlrohre befinden sich Auffangmittel, um Kühlwasser, das nicht durch Kontakt mit den Kühlrohren verdunstet ist, unterhalb der Kühlrohre aufzufangen. Das aufgefangene Kühlwasser wird in einen Kühlwasserkreislauf zurückgeführt, um es erneut zur Kühlwasserverteilung zu pumpen. Eine Zwischenkühlung des Kühlwassers ist möglich.The wet / dry cooler has a cooling water distribution above the cooling tubes in order to distribute cooling water on the outside of the cooling tubes. Collecting means are located below the cooling tubes in order to collect cooling water, which has not evaporated through contact with the cooling tubes, underneath the cooling tubes. The collected cooling water is fed back into a cooling water circuit in order to pump it again for the cooling water distribution. Intermediate cooling of the cooling water is possible.
Der Nass/Trockenkühler ist vorzugsweise von Wänden umgeben, die unterseitig der Kühlrohre einen Sammelraum für die Kühlluft begrenzen. Der erfindungsgemäße Nass/Trockenkühler basiert auf dem Prinzip, dass unterhalb des Trockenkühlers durch die Ventilatoren ein Überdruck erzeugt wird. Die Kühlluft strömt zwischen den Kühlrohren hindurch, wobei im Nassbetrieb die Verdunstungskälte des Kühlwassers ausgenutzt wird, um die Kühlleistung zu erhöhen. Auch ein saugender Betrieb ist möglich.The wet / dry cooler is preferably surrounded by walls which delimit a collecting space for the cooling air on the underside of the cooling tubes. The wet / dry cooler according to the invention is based on the principle that an overpressure is generated below the dry cooler by the fans. The cooling air flows between the cooling tubes, the evaporative cooling of the cooling water being used in wet operation in order to increase the cooling capacity. A suction operation is also possible.
Die erfindungsgemäße Kondensatoranordnung verhindert die Reduzierung der Kraftwerksleistung an sehr heißen Tagen oder auch bei windigen Bedingungen. Bei windigen Bedingungen, diezur Heißluftrezirkulation führen können, steigt die Leistung des Nass/Trockenkühlers wegen der erhöhten Verdampfung.The capacitor arrangement according to the invention prevents the reduction of the power plant output on very hot days or in windy conditions. In windy conditions, which can lead to hot air recirculation, the performance of the wet / dry cooler increases due to the increased evaporation.
Die gemessenen Verdunstungsraten sind bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Nass/Trockenkühler niedriger als Verdunstungsraten bei anderen Technologien, wie z. B. bei der adiabaten Vorkühlung der Kühlluft. Dementsprechend ist der Anteil des Kühlwassers, der durch zunehmende Salzkonzentration auszutauschen ist, bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kondensatoranordnung auch geringer als bei separaten Nasskühltürmen.The measured evaporation rates are lower in the wet / dry cooler according to the invention than evaporation rates in other technologies, such as. B. in the adiabatic pre-cooling of the cooling air. Accordingly, the proportion of the cooling water that has to be exchanged due to the increasing salt concentration is also lower in the case of the condenser arrangement according to the invention than in the case of separate wet cooling towers.
Die Integration der Nasskühlung in Verbindung mit der ohnehin existierenden Dampfverteilleitung ist ein konstruktiver Vorteil, so dass der Platzbedarf insgesamt reduziert wird. Im Vergleich zu einer separaten, örtlich getrennten Nasskühlung können einige Strukturen und Komponenten entfallen, wie beispielsweise Nasskühltürme und entsprechend lange Rohrleitungen, Ventile sowie Oberflächenkondensatoren, über die der Prozessdampf nach außen geleitet wird. Hierbei ist nicht zu unterschätzen, dass das Kühlwasser in separaten Kühltürmen mit einem hohen Pumpaufwand bewegt werden muss. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kondensatoranordnung ist der Energiebedarf durch den Wegfall der großen Umwälzpumpen geringer.The integration of the wet cooling in connection with the already existing steam distribution line is a structural advantage, so that the overall space requirement is reduced. In comparison to separate, locally separated wet cooling, some structures and components can be dispensed with, such as wet cooling towers and correspondingly long pipelines, valves and surface condensers through which the process steam is directed to the outside. It should not be underestimated here that the cooling water has to be moved in separate cooling towers with a high pumping effort. In the case of the capacitor arrangement according to the invention, the energy requirement is lower due to the omission of the large circulating pumps.
Als weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung ist zu nennen, dass auch die umfangreiche Benetzung der Kühlrohre mittels Sprühdüsen, die auch grobe Tropfen ausstoßen, technisch einfacher und zuverlässiger zu realisieren ist als bei adiabatischer Vorkühlung der Kühlluft. Bei der adiabatischen Vorkühlung müssen Düsen verwendet werden, die feine Tropfen erzeugen, was nur mit hohem Wasserdruck möglich ist. Der Aufwand hierfür ist hoch. Zudem verstopfen Düsen mit kleinen Öffnungen naturgemäß nach einiger Zeit, wodurch die Tropfen größer werden und eine komplette Verdunstung der Tropfen nicht mehr erreicht werden kann. Dies kann zu einer unerwünschten Benetzung der Rohrbündel führen, was auch allein aus Korrosionsgründen nicht erwünscht ist.Another advantage of the invention is that the extensive wetting of the cooling tubes by means of spray nozzles, which also eject coarse droplets, is technically easier and more reliable to implement than with adiabatic pre-cooling of the cooling air. In the case of adiabatic pre-cooling, nozzles that generate fine droplets must be used, which is only possible with high water pressure. The effort for this is high. In addition, nozzles with small openings naturally clog after some time, as a result of which the droplets become larger and complete evaporation of the droplets can no longer be achieved. This can lead to undesirable wetting of the tube bundle, which is not desirable for reasons of corrosion alone.
Zusammengefasst ist es mit der erfindungsgemäßen Kondensatoranordnung möglich, die Kosten zur Errichtung eines Kühlungssystems aber auch die Betriebskosten zu senken. Der Platzbedarf für eine solche Anlage wird geringer. Gleichzeitig ist der gesamte Aufbau der Kühlanordnung weniger komplex als bei zwei getrennt angeordneten Kühlsystemen. Die erfindungsgemäße Kondensatoranordnung kann auf negative Umwelteinflüsse wie z. B. auf starke Winde oder auf die Rezirkulation von erwärmter Luft, sehr schnell reagieren, indem von der Trockenkühlung auf die Nasskühlung umgeschaltet wird. Das System kann rasch wieder abgeschaltet werden, wenn sich die Betriebsparameter wieder verbessert haben.In summary, with the capacitor arrangement according to the invention, it is possible to reduce the costs of setting up a cooling system, but also the operating costs. The space required for such a system is less. At the same time, the entire structure of the cooling arrangement is less complex than with two separately arranged cooling systems. The capacitor arrangement according to the invention can react to negative environmental influences such. B. react very quickly to strong winds or to the recirculation of heated air by switching from dry cooling to wet cooling. The system can be switched off again quickly when the operating parameters have improved again.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von in Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
Figur 1- eine schematische Darstellung einer Kondensatoranordnung in einer Seitenansicht;
Figur 2- einen Querschnitt durch die
Kondensatoranordnung der Figur 1 im Bereich eines Nass/Trockenkühlers; Figur 3- eine perspektivische Darstellung, teilweise im Schnitt, eines Nass/Trockenkühlers gemäß dem
Ausführungsbeispiel der Figuren 1 und2 ; Figur 4- ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Kondensatoranordnung in der Draufsicht;
Figur 5- die
Kondensatoranordnung der Figur 4 in einer Seitenansicht in Längsrichtung von Dampfverteilleitungen; Figur 6- den Nass/
Trockenkühler der Figuren 4 und5 in der Seitenansicht im Schnitt; Figur 7- den Nass/
Trockenkühler der Figur 6 im Querschnitt; Figur 8- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Kondensatoranordnung in einer Stirnansicht und
Figur 9- das Ausführungsbeispiel der
Figur 8 in einer perspektivischen Darstellung.
- Figure 1
- a schematic representation of a capacitor arrangement in a side view;
- Figure 2
- a cross section through the capacitor arrangement of
Figure 1 in the area of a wet / dry cooler; - Figure 3
- a perspective view, partially in section, of a wet / dry cooler according to the embodiment of FIG
Figures 1 and2 ; - Figure 4
- an embodiment of a capacitor arrangement in plan view;
- Figure 5
- the capacitor arrangement of the
Figure 4 in a side view in the longitudinal direction of steam distribution lines; - Figure 6
- the wet / dry cooler of the
Figures 4 and5 in the side view in section; - Figure 7
- the wet / dry cooler of the
Figure 6 in cross section; - Figure 8
- a further embodiment of a capacitor arrangement in an end view and
- Figure 9
- the embodiment of
Figure 8 in a perspective view.
Der vorstehend beschriebene Abschnitt der Kondensatoranlage bildet insgesamt einen Trockenkühler 7, weil er von unten von Kühlluft 8 angeströmt wird, die über Ventilatoren 9 unterhalb der Rohrbündel 4 bewegt wird. Zusätzlich zu dem Trockenkühler 7, bestehend aus den mehreren A-förmig angeordneten Rohrbündeln 4, 6, gibt es bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kondensatoranlage einen Nass/Trockenkühler 10. Er wird ebenfalls von Kühlluft 8 angeströmt, die von einem Ventilator 9 bewegt wird. Der Nass/Trockenkühler 10 wird parallel zu dem Trockenkühler 7 betrieben und ist ebenfalls unmittelbar mit der Dampfverteilleitung verbunden. Der Nass/Trockenkühler 10 befindet sich daher in Parallelschaltung mit den nachfolgenden Trockenkühlern. Die firstseitige Dampfverteilleitung 3 ist die gemeinsame Versorgungsleitung für den Nass/Trockenkühler 10 und den darauf folgenden Trockenkühler 7. Der Platzbedarf des Nass/Trockenkühlers 10 ist an das Rastermaß der Ventilatoren 9 bzw. der Rohrbündel 4 angepasst. Der Nass/Trockenkühler 10 ist mit nur geringem baulichen Mehraufwand eingliederbar.The section of the condenser system described above forms a total of a
Der zu kondensierende Dampf 2 wird von der oberhalb des Nass/Trockenkühlers 10 angeordneten Dampfverteilleitung 3 zentral und zu beiden Seiten hin in eine Eintrittskammer 13 und von dort in die angeschlossenen Kühlrohre 12 geleitet. Das sich bildende Kondensat wird in Kondensatsammelkammern 14 aufgefangen und über Anschlüsse 15 abgeleitet. Die Kühlrohre 12 haben ein leichtes Gefälle von innen nach außen, damit das Kondensat in Richtung der Kondensatsammelkammern 14 fließt. Der Nass/Trockenkühler 10 kann sowohl im Trockenbetrieb als auch im Nassbetrieb betrieben werden. Im Nassbetrieb werden die Kühlrohre 12 außenseitig mit Kühlwasser 16 beaufschlagt, das über eine Wasserverteilung 17 oberhalb der Kühlrohre 12 ausgebracht wird. Bei der Wasserverteilung 17 kann es sich um eine Anordnung von Düsen handeln. Oberhalb der Wasserverteilung 17 befindet sich ein Tropfenabscheider 25, der von der erwärmten Kühlluft 8 durchströmt wird. Der Tropfenabscheider 25 kann eine gitterartige Anordnung aus Blechen sein, die verhindern soll, dass seitliche Winde die gleichmäßige Anströmung der Kühlrohre 12 von unten beeinträchtigen und damit die Kondensationsleistung reduzieren.The
Kühlwasser 16, das nicht verdunstet, wird über Auffangmittel 18 unterhalb der Kühlrohre 12 aufgefangen. Das Kühlwasser 16 wird in einen Kreislauf zurückgeführt und über eine nicht näher dargestellte Pumpe erneut zur Wasserverteilung 17 geleitet. Die Auffangmittel 18 sind so angeordnet, dass die Kühlluft 8 zwischen benachbarten Auffangmitteln 18 hindurchströmen kann und dadurch die Kühlrohre 12 erreicht.Cooling
In der Bildebene links befindet sich ein Trockenkühler 7 und in der Bildebene rechts ein Nass/Trockenkühler 10. Der Nass/Trockenkühler 10 befindet sich unmittelbar unterhalb der Dampfverteilleitung 3. Auch er wird von unten von kalter Kühlluft 8 angeströmt. Der Nass/Trockenkühler 10 ist im Nassbetrieb dargestellt. Kühlwasser 16 wird über Düsen der Wasserverteilung 17 versprüht und gelangt dadurch außenseitig auf die als zeichnerisch vereinfacht als massiver Block dargestellten Kühlrohre 12. Unterhalb der Kühlrohre 12 befindet sich das Auffangmittel 18 in Form von mehreren Rinnen, die das nicht verdunstete Kühlwasser 16 ableiten und einer Sammelleitung 20 zuführen. Die Sammelleitung 20 ist an einen Kühlwasserkreislauf 21 angeschlossen, der über eine Pumpe und einen Tank 22 verfügt und das Wasser zum erneuten Verteilen der Wasserverteilung 17 zuführt. Gleichzeitig wird innerhalb der Kühlrohre 12 des Nass/Trockenkühlers 10 der Dampf 2 kondensiert und in nicht näher dargestellter Weise aufgefangen. Das Ganze geschieht beiderseits der firstseitigen Dampfverteilleitung 3. Damit die Kühlluft 8 nicht seitlich abströmen kann, besitzt der Nass/Trockenkühler 10 geschlossene Wände 23, die den Bereich zwischen dem Ventilator 9 und der Wasserverteilung 17 sowie dem Tropfenabscheider 25 umschließen. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass die warme Kühlluft 8 in Richtung der Pfeile P1 nur oberhalb der Kühlwasserverteilung 17 und oberhalb der Tropfenabscheider 25 austritt.A
Die Ansicht der
Die
Die stark vereinfachte Darstellung der
- 1 -1 -
- KondensatoranlageCondenser system
- 2 -2 -
- Dampfsteam
- 3 -3 -
- DampfverteilleitungSteam distribution line
- 4 -4 -
- RohrbündelTube bundle
- 5 -5 -
- KondensatsammelleitungCondensate manifold
- 6 -6 -
- RohrbündelTube bundle
- 7 -7 -
- TrockenkühlerDry cooler
- 8 -8th -
- KühlluftCooling air
- 9 -9 -
- Ventilatorfan
- 10 -10 -
- Nass/TrockenkühlerWet / dry cooler
- 11 -11 -
- SammelraumCollection room
- 12 -12 -
- KühlrohrCooling pipe
- 13 -13 -
- EintrittskammerEntry chamber
- 14 -14 -
- KondensatsammelkammerCondensate collection chamber
- 15 -15 -
- Anschlussconnection
- 16 -16 -
- Kühlwassercooling water
- 17 -17 -
- WasserverteilungWater distribution
- 18 -18 -
- AuffangmittelCatching means
- 19 -19 -
- EinströmdüseInlet nozzle
- 20 -20 -
- SammelleitungManifold
- 21 -21 -
- KühlwasserkreislaufCooling water circuit
- 22 -22 -
- Pumpe und TankPump and tank
- 23 -23 -
- Gehäusecasing
- 24 -24 -
- Antriebdrive
- 25 -25 -
- TropfenabscheiderDroplet eliminator
- 26 -26 -
- HauptabdampfleitungMain exhaust line
- P1 -P1 -
- warme Kühlluftwarm cooling air
- K -K -
- kondensatorisches Rohrbündelcondenser tube bundle
- D -D -
- dephlegmatorisches RohrbündelDephlegmatory tube bundle
- R1 -R1 -
-
Reihe 1
row 1 - R2 -R2 -
-
Reihe 2
Row 2 - R3 -R3 -
-
Reihe 3
Row 3
Claims (8)
- Air-cooled condenser installation having at least one dry cooler (7) which has a plurality of pipe bundles (4, 6) arranged in an A-shape or a V-shape, which are cooled on the outside by cooling air (8) and on the inside are flowed through by a vapour (2) which is to be condensed, and having at least one vapour distributing conduit (3), wherein to the at least one dry cooler (7) is assigned at least one wet/dry cooler (10), which depending on the weather serves by means of external wetting with cooling water (16) as a wet cooler, or alternatively as a dry cooler, wherein the wet/dry cooler (10) is connected to the same vapour distributing conduit (3) and is exposed to cooling air (8) which is moved by a fan (10), wherein vapour (2) coming out of the vapour distributing conduit (3) can be conducted into the wet/dry cooler (10), characterised in that the wet/dry cooler (10) is connected upstream of the at least one dry cooler (7) in flow direction of the vapour (2) in the vapour distributing conduit (3).
- Condenser arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the at least one dry cooler (7) and the at least one wet/dry cooler (10) are arranged in a row (R2) below the vapour distributing conduit (3) and above a platform with fans (9).
- Condenser arrangement according to claim 2, characterised in that in addition to the one row (R2) with the wet/dry cooler (10) at least one further row (R1, R3) without wet/dry cooler (10) is arranged, wherein the at least two rows (R1, R2, R3) are fed by vapour distributing conduits (3) which are connected to a common main exhaust vapour conduit (26).
- Condenser arrangement according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the wet/dry cooler (10) has the same footprint above a fan (9) as a group of pipe bundles (4, 6) arranged in an A-shape or a V-shape.
- Condenser arrangement according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the wet/dry cooler (10) comprises a plurality of cooling pipes (12), the entry sides of which are connected to a common entry chamber (13) and the outlet sides of which are connected to a common condensate collection chamber (14).
- Condenser arrangement according to claim 5, characterised in that the wet/dry cooler (10) has a cooling water distribution (17) above the cooling pipes (12), in order to distribute cooling water (16) among the cooling pipes (12), and collecting means (18) below the cooling pipes (12) in order to collect cooling water (16) below the cooling pipes (12).
- Condenser arrangement according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the wet/dry cooler (10) is surrounded by closed walls (23) which on the lower side of the cooling pipes (12) delimit a collecting space (11) for cooling air (8).
- Condenser arrangement according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the at least one dry cooler (7) formed from pipe bundles (4, 6) has at least one condenser part and a dephlegmator part.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017130807.5A DE102017130807A1 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2017-12-20 | Air-cooled condenser system |
PCT/DE2018/100997 WO2019120376A1 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2018-12-06 | Air-cooled condenser installation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3728975A1 EP3728975A1 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
EP3728975B1 true EP3728975B1 (en) | 2021-08-18 |
Family
ID=64744342
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18821991.9A Active EP3728975B1 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2018-12-06 | Air-cooled condenser installation |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3728975B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102017130807A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2897556T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE056954T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019120376A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110567291A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-13 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | Steam distribution system of air cooling island |
RU196300U1 (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-02-25 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) | Dephlegmator |
RU2760424C1 (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-11-24 | Акционерное общество "Машиностроительный завод "ЗиО-Подольск" (АО "ЗиО-Подольск") | Air condensing plant and method of its operation at start-up at minimum steam flow and negative cooling air temperatures |
BE1031154B1 (en) | 2022-12-06 | 2024-07-15 | Mehmet Zahit Inan | INDUCED DRAFT AIR CONDENSER |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US900949A (en) | 1907-11-13 | 1908-10-13 | W H Benteen | Apple quartering and trimming machine. |
GB900949A (en) * | 1958-10-27 | 1962-07-11 | Happel Gmbh | Air and water cooled heat exchanger |
BE754580A (en) * | 1969-08-08 | 1971-01-18 | Balcke Maschbau Ag | PROCESS FOR THE OPERATION OF A DRY REFRIGERATION TOWER UNDER HIGH AIR TEMPERATURES |
US4506508A (en) * | 1983-03-25 | 1985-03-26 | Chicago Bridge & Iron Company | Apparatus and method for condensing steam |
BE1006285A3 (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1994-07-12 | Hamon Sobelco Sa | Back-up condensation method and device in an energy system |
US7926555B2 (en) * | 2006-06-27 | 2011-04-19 | Gea Power Cooling, Inc. | Series-parallel condensing system |
CN201772768U (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2011-03-23 | 洛阳隆华传热科技股份有限公司 | Air and steam parallel high-efficiency composite condenser |
CN101936669B (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2012-09-05 | 洛阳隆华传热科技股份有限公司 | Hybrid composite condensation method and condenser |
WO2013011414A1 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2013-01-24 | Stellenbosch University | Dephlegmator |
JP6086746B2 (en) * | 2013-02-14 | 2017-03-01 | アネスト岩田株式会社 | Power generation device and operation method thereof |
-
2017
- 2017-12-20 DE DE102017130807.5A patent/DE102017130807A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2018
- 2018-12-06 EP EP18821991.9A patent/EP3728975B1/en active Active
- 2018-12-06 ES ES18821991T patent/ES2897556T3/en active Active
- 2018-12-06 WO PCT/DE2018/100997 patent/WO2019120376A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2018-12-06 HU HUE18821991A patent/HUE056954T2/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2897556T3 (en) | 2022-03-01 |
DE102017130807A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
EP3728975A1 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
HUE056954T2 (en) | 2022-04-28 |
WO2019120376A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
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