EP2305869A1 - Device and method for manufacturing moulded parts from fibrous material - Google Patents
Device and method for manufacturing moulded parts from fibrous material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2305869A1 EP2305869A1 EP10010798A EP10010798A EP2305869A1 EP 2305869 A1 EP2305869 A1 EP 2305869A1 EP 10010798 A EP10010798 A EP 10010798A EP 10010798 A EP10010798 A EP 10010798A EP 2305869 A1 EP2305869 A1 EP 2305869A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- mold
- interior
- electric field
- partially
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007786 electrostatic charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/732—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by fluid current, e.g. air-lay
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/736—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged characterised by the apparatus for arranging fibres
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing three-dimensional molded parts made of fiber material, in particular in the form of matt or pillow-like solid body, using a multi-part, perforated mold having at least one interior, wherein the inner sides of the multi-part mold at least partially determine the contour of the molded part, comprising the steps of blowing fiber material into the interior of the mold, attaching fibers to the insides of the mold, and bonding the fibers to form the molding.
- Such moldings are preferably used in vehicle construction, in particular as a sound insulation mat, such as under the hood, as a lining mat in the footwell or in the trunk or in the seat upholstery or floor carpets, etc.
- the invention also relates to an apparatus for producing such three-dimensional molded parts made of fiber material, in particular suitable for carrying out a method according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a multi-part mold having at least one interior, wherein the inside of the mold at least partially the contour of molded article intended to be produced, one or more nozzles for blowing fibers into the interior, air openings in the mold for the escape of air from the interior and for attaching the fibers to the inside of the mold and means for connecting the fibers for the production of the molding.
- Such a method and such a device is for example from the WO 2009/062646 has become known and discloses an apparatus for producing three-dimensional molded parts made of fiber material.
- a two-part form consisting of upper and lower mold is used.
- the respective ones Inner sides of the upper and lower molds partially determine the contour of the molded part.
- fibers are injected by an air flow through several nozzles. The air flow escapes through openings in the upper and lower molds so that the fibers attach to the insides of the upper and lower molds.
- the fibers are optionally still locally compacted, and then to glue together in another step by supplying heat. After cooling of the fibers then finally the finished molded part can be removed from the mold.
- the fibers form in the form of a so-called random fiber fleece, that is, the fibers of the fleece are arranged arbitrarily with respect to their respective orientation.
- the invention is based on the recognition that such molded parts should be better adapted to the later applications with regard to product-specific properties.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method and an apparatus for producing three-dimensional molded parts made of fiber material, in order to improve the possible uses and properties of molded parts.
- the object is also achieved in a device according to the preamble of claim 6, characterized in that means for generating one or more electric fields are arranged, which expose the interior at least partially one or more electric fields, whereby the fibers during injection into the mold at least partially be aligned along the respective directions of the electric fields, with one or more desired Preferential directions of the fibers in the molding at least approximately matches.
- the fibers in the interior of the mold align in accordance with the electric field or along the respective field lines of the electric fields. Subsequently, the fibers are then deposited in a predeterminable preferred direction on the inside of the mold. If the mold is completely filled with fibers oriented in this way, the fibers are glued together and retain the orientation of the respective electric field during bonding. This results in a molded part whose fibers are aligned in certain areas or in the entire molded part.
- the directions of the electric fields or the field lines are chosen so that the respective directions of the fibers coincide with one or more preferred directions for certain properties.
- the possible uses of molded parts are increased, so that they can now also in other areas, which were unsuitable for example because of the loads occurring there for moldings, can be used.
- the direction of the electric field is chosen such that the fibers are oriented parallel to this load direction. In this way it is achieved that their restoring force is increased against an externally applied force. The effectiveness and the life of the molded part thereby extended considerably.
- the fibers are provided with an electrical charge before and / or during the blowing in and / or the charging of already charged fibers is intensified.
- the fibers then align with the one or more electric fields to form a molded article having one or more desired fiber preferred directions.
- already charged fibers their charge can be increased so that they align faster and more reliable according to the field lines of the electric fields in the interior and finally aligned in the manufactured molded part.
- the electric fields by means of conductive portions of the Form be generated.
- the conductive sections of the mold are arranged so that the directions of the electric fields or the field lines correspond to the desired preferred directions of the fibers. Conductive portions of the mold can each be isolated from each other. As a result, additional means for generating the electric fields are unnecessary and the process can be carried out more cheaply.
- the at least one electric field can also be generated by electrodes which are arranged offset on the outer sides of the multi-part mold or outwardly. This ensures easy accessibility of the electrodes and maintenance of the electrodes.
- the electrodes In addition, in the positioning of the electrodes less boundary conditions, for example. Projections, etc., to pay attention, so that the electrodes can be made larger, which favors the homogeneity of the field between the respective electrodes, because edge effects of the fields at the respective edges of the electrodes play a minor role.
- the blowing of fiber material into the interior takes place by at least one nozzle, which is itself formed as an electrode for at least one electric field.
- the nozzle may consist of sections isolated from one another, in order to produce individual partial fields in different directions.
- a plurality of nozzles may be formed as an electrode.
- the corresponding corresponding second electrode for the electric field need not necessarily also be present in the form of a nozzle, but may for example also have any other expedient shape, in particular, this can also be formed by conductive portions of the mold, which are optionally electrically isolated from each other.
- the device according to the invention it is advantageous that means for electrically charging the fibers are arranged, so that charged uncharged fibers and / or the charging of already charged fibers is amplified. If uncharged fibers are used, they would not be charged without charging aligned electric field. Accordingly, substantially increases the flexibility of the device when means for electrically charging the fibers are arranged.
- the charging of already charged fibers is reinforced by said means. Fibers that already have a certain but small charge, for example by friction against each other, but which may not be strong enough to be sufficiently or fast enough to be aligned by the electric field, are more charged, so that then reliably by the electric field be aligned in the interior of the mold.
- the means for electrical charging are arranged on the at least one nozzle and / or on one of the nozzle supply lines. If the charging means are arranged on the nozzle, a compact construction of the device is thus achieved. If the means are arranged on a supply line for at least one nozzle, the fibers are given the desired charge even before they are blown into the interior space. In this way, the nozzle can be produced relatively simply and inexpensively, at the same time influencing the electric fields in the interior of the Form by the means for electrical charging, if they are arranged on the nozzle itself, avoided and thus achieves a reliable alignment of the fibers in the interior by the one or the electric fields.
- the means for electrically charging the fibers comprise a ring electrode.
- the means can be particularly easily integrated into existing feed lines for the nozzles or in the nozzles themselves, for example by the annular electrode is formed directly as a portion of the feed line or simply arranged around the feed line on the outside thereof.
- the two types of electrodes can also be used together for the generation of an electric field, for example by a stick electrode being arranged on one side of the mold and a plate-shaped electrode on the opposite side.
- the field lines are perpendicular to the rod-shaped electrode to the surface thereof and terminate in parallel on the surface of the plate-shaped electrode.
- the device can be made as compact as possible, it is expedient that at least part of the multi-part mold is at least partially formed as an electrode.
- This "embedding" of the electrode in the mold allows for a more compact design of the form, on the other hand, the fields are largely homogeneous because no disturbing additional leads in the field of electric fields must be arranged, which would disturb the homogeneity of the electric fields.
- the multi-part mold is made partly of non-conductive material. If the electrodes are arranged on the outside, they are easily accessible from the outside.
- the multi-part mold is partially made of non-conductive material in order to avoid partial shielding of the electric fields by the Faraday effect. It can also serve a corresponding design of the form by means of conductive and non-conductive materials that the Faraday effect is exploited to selectively influence the or the electric fields in the field strength and geometric orientation.
- the electrodes When the electrodes are arranged on the outer sides of the multi-part mold, it is not necessary that they are connected to the multi-part mold. For example, by positioning electrodes farther away from the multi-part mold, they can be made much larger than the mold or at least portions of the mold. At the same time, this also avoids edge effects in the electric field (bulges of the field lines at the edge of the electrode, plate-shaped electrodes directly opposite have only a homogeneous field substantially in the interior space between the plates).
- both a nozzle with a differently shaped electrode can form means for generating electric fields and two corresponding nozzles.
- the means for electrical insulation in particular between parts of the multi-part mold are arranged. As a result, conductive regions are isolated from each other, so that an error-free production of the molded part is made possible.
- FIG. 1 is a multi-part mold 1 shown for a device according to the invention.
- the mold 1 consists of two perforated, shell-like parts, upper mold O and lower mold U, which form between them an interior I, which has the shape of the molded part to be produced.
- two plate-shaped electrodes 2a, 2b are arranged, which serve to generate an electric field E, which acts in the inner space I.
- On the right side of the lower mold U in FIG. 1 is a nozzle D arranged for blowing fibers F 1 , F 2 in the interior I.
- an electrode 2c attached to the nozzle D in the interior I, which for static charging of the fibers F 1 , F 2 during their injection into the interior I serves.
- the interior is acted upon before, but at the latest during the blowing of the fibers F 1 , F 2 with the electric field E.
- FIG. 2 now the situation is shown, are injected at the fibers 1 by means of the nozzle D in the direction 4 in the interior I between upper mold O and lower mold U.
- the fibers F 1 are initially not aligned despite effective electric field E in the interior I.
- the fibers F 1 , F 2 lose kinetic energy on further penetration into the interior I and are now due to the force of the electric field E corresponding to the field lines, that is here in FIG. 2 approximately perpendicular to the mold top and bottom extending field lines of the plate-shaped electrode 2a to the plate-shaped electrode 2b aligned parallel to each other (fibers F 2 ).
- the fibers F 2 are now deposited in their corresponding orientation on the inner sides of the upper or lower mold O, U, while the injected air escapes through the perforated upper and lower molds. If the interior I completely filled with (aligned) fibers F 2 , the fibers F 2 are connected together, such as by heat sealing. Thereafter, if necessary, the mold or the bonded fibers F 2 are cooled. The result is a solid molding that can be removed after opening the mold 1.
- FIG. 3 In particular, the alignment of the fibers F 1 is shown, which assume the fibers F 1 in the interior I, when no electric field E in the interior I acts.
- the fibers F 1 are arbitrarily oriented to one another and form a so-called random fiber fleece with non-rectified fibers F 1 .
- FIG. 4a 4b and 4b show cross-sections of molded parts 5, which were once made by means of fibers F 2, which were aligned by an electric field E ( FIG. 4a ) and once a molded part 5 with non-directional fibers F 1 , which were prepared in the absence of an electric field E in the interior I. Furthermore, a force F acting from above on the molded parts 5 produced in this way is shown.
- the fibers F 2 are aligned parallel to this acting force F
- FIG. 4b assume no definite orientation, ie a random orientation with respect to the force F acting from above. Since the fibers F 2 in FIG. 4a are aligned parallel to the forces acting on the mold part 5 force F, the molding of the FIG.
- FIG. 5 a mold 1 according to the invention is shown, consisting of upper mold O and lower mold U. Both forms are made in known manner from perforated wall parts which are detachably connected to each other. When the fibers are blown in, the upper mold and lower mold form a closed box. After bonding the injected fibers, this box is then opened as known.
- a nozzle D for injecting fiber material into the inner space I of the mold 1 is arranged approximately perpendicular to this side wall.
- the nozzle D carries an electrode 2c for static charging of the fibers F 1 , F 2 during the blowing.
- a part of the upper mold O is formed as an electrode 2a and, accordingly, also a part of the lower mold U as an electrode 2b.
- an electric field E can be generated by applying a voltage.
- the voltage at the electrodes is selected such that an electric field strength of 5 kV / cm to 10 kV / cm, in particular 6 kV / cm to 8 kV / cm is formed.
- the upper mold O and the lower mold U have sieve-like arranged holes 5, which serve that the air flow from the inner space I can escape again.
- the fibers F 1 , F 2 are transported to the insides of the upper mold O and lower mold U and are deposited thereon, so that after completely filling the inner space I with fibers F 1 , F 2 by gluing the fibers F 1 , F 2 can be made to each other a molding.
- the upper mold O and the lower mold U can not partially be made of conductive material, wherein the respective electrodes 2a, 2b are of course made of conductive material.
- FIG. 6a a lower tool U of a mold 1 is shown.
- the lower mold U has a perforated plate 5 and usually forms the negative pole. Furthermore, the lower mold U is substantially cup-shaped, wherein the edges of the lower mold U have a total of a substantially rectangular cross-section.
- FIG. 6c is the subform U of FIG. 6a corresponding upper mold O shown, which has substantially the same structure and forms the positive pole.
- the upper mold O is either made of a non-conductive material, on the outside of which there is an electrode 2a directly ( FIG. 6b ) or the upper mold O is itself completely formed as an electrode 2a ( FIG. 6c ) and therefore has a peripheral electrical insulation 6 disposed at the edges of the upper mold O, so that when the upper mold O is placed on the lower mold U to form an inner space I, the upper mold O and the lower mold U are electrically insulated from each other ,
- FIG. 7 a feed line Z for a nozzle D is shown, in which the fiber material is transported in the direction R by means of air flow, in order subsequently to be transported via the nozzle D into the interior I.
- a ring electrode 2d is arranged on the outside of the supply line Z, which charges uncharged fibers F 1 , F 2 and further strengthens already charged fibers F 1 , F 2 with respect to their charge, so that these fibers F 1 later after blowing , F 2 are aligned under the action of an electric field E in the interior I.
- the electrode 2d is mounted directly in front of the nozzle D or an injection opening and comprises either a pipe section 2d made of metal, which is arranged in the supply line Z or the ring electrode 2d shown, which is arranged on the outside of a feed line hose Z made of plastic.
- a pipe section 2d made of metal which is arranged in the supply line Z or the ring electrode 2d shown, which is arranged on the outside of a feed line hose Z made of plastic.
- FIG. 8 shows the vertical section through a device 10 for pre-alignment of the fibers before the fibers enter the nozzle.
- the alignment device consists of a circulating cover tape 11, which conveys the fibers thrown from the top - possibly after a certain separation, so that they are connected only in small flakes - to the left to a pair of feed rollers 12a, 12b.
- feed rollers 12a, 12b These are two rollers rotating in opposite directions and arranged with a small gap parallel to one another, which are roughened on their outer circumferential surface, in particular slightly toothed. They pick up the fibers coming from the cover belt 11 and convey them further through their intermediate gap to the left.
- at least one of the two rollers can be mounted displaceably in the vertical direction against spring force.
- the fibers are carried along by a relatively large rotating cylinder 13.
- This cylinder is surrounded by a small distance from approximately semi-cylindrical outer walls 14. Due to its rough, in particular toothed outer cylindrical surface, it pulls the fibers through the gap located between the cylinder 13 and the outer wall 14.
- the fibers are gradually aligned by their friction on the outer wall 14 more or less in the rotational direction of the cylinder 13, so preferably oriented in the circumferential direction. In this orientation, the fibers then - after a half, sometimes even after one and a half revolutions of the cylinder 13 - to an output gap 15, from where the fibers are then transported to the one or more nozzles, ie in the mold 1.
- the present invention has the advantage that in a simple manner, the fibers for the production of the molding can be aligned in one or more preferred directions, so that the fibers are arranged in a certain direction in the finished molding to desired properties of the molding in its intended use to reinforce. In particular, this allows the strength, the elasticity and, as a result, the service life of the molded part to be specifically influenced.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von dreidimensionalen Formteilen aus Fasermaterial, insbesondere in Form matten- oder kissenartiger Vollkörper, unter Verwendung einer mehrteiligen, gelochten Form, die zumindest einen Innenraum aufweist, wobei die Innenseiten der mehrteiligen Form zumindest teilweise die Kontur des Formteils bestimmen, umfassend die Schritte Einblasen von Fasermaterial in den Innenraum der Form, Anlagern von Fasern an den Innenseiten der Form, und Verbinden der Fasern zur Herstellung des Formteils.The invention relates to a method for producing three-dimensional molded parts made of fiber material, in particular in the form of matt or pillow-like solid body, using a multi-part, perforated mold having at least one interior, wherein the inner sides of the multi-part mold at least partially determine the contour of the molded part, comprising the steps of blowing fiber material into the interior of the mold, attaching fibers to the insides of the mold, and bonding the fibers to form the molding.
Derartige Formteile werden bevorzugt im Fahrzeugbau eingesetzt, insbesondere als Schalldämmmatte, etwa unter der Motorhaube, als Auskleidungsmatte etwa im Fußraum oder im Kofferraum oder im Bereich der Sitzpolsterung oder der Bodenteppiche etc.Such moldings are preferably used in vehicle construction, in particular as a sound insulation mat, such as under the hood, as a lining mat in the footwell or in the trunk or in the seat upholstery or floor carpets, etc.
Die Erfindung betrifft ebenfalls eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen derartiger dreidimensionaler Formteile aus Fasermaterial, insbesondere geeignet zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens gemäß zumindest einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, umfassend eine mehrteilige Form, die zumindest einen Innenraum aufweist, wobei die Innenseite der Form zumindest teilweise die Kontur des herzustellenden Formteils bestimmt, ein oder mehrere Düsen zum Einblasen von Fasern in den Innenraum, Luftöffnungen in der Form zum Entweichen der Luft aus dem Innenraum und zum Anlagern der Fasern an der Innenseite der Form und Mittel zum Verbinden der Fasern zur Herstellung des Formteils.The invention also relates to an apparatus for producing such three-dimensional molded parts made of fiber material, in particular suitable for carrying out a method according to at least one of
Ein derartiges Verfahren bzw. eine derartige Vorrichtung ist beispielsweise aus der
Die Erfindung geht von der Erkenntnis aus, dass derartige Formteile hinsichtlich produktspezifischer Eigenschaften besser an die späteren Einsatzmöglichkeiten angepasst werden sollten.The invention is based on the recognition that such molded parts should be better adapted to the later applications with regard to product-specific properties.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von dreidimensionalen Formteilen aus Fasermaterial zur Verfügung zu stellen, um die Einsatzmöglichkeiten und Eigenschaften von Formteilen zu verbessern.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method and an apparatus for producing three-dimensional molded parts made of fiber material, in order to improve the possible uses and properties of molded parts.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 dadurch gelöst, dass die Fasern beim Einblasen in die Form zumindest teilweise in dem Innenraum einem oder mehreren elektrischen Feldern ausgesetzt werden, wodurch die Fasern zumindest teilweise entlang der jeweiligen Richtung der elektrischen Felder ausgerichtet werden, die mit einer oder mehreren gewünschten Vorzugsrichtungen der Fasern im Formteil zumindest annähernd übereinstimmen.This object is achieved in a method according to the preamble of
Die Aufgabe wird ebenfalls bei einer Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 6 dadurch gelöst, dass Mittel zur Erzeugung eines oder mehrerer elektrischer Felder angeordnet sind, die den Innenraum zumindest teilweise einem oder mehreren elektrischen Feldern aussetzen, wodurch die Fasern beim Einblasen in die Form zumindest teilweise entlang der jeweiligen Richtungen der elektrischen Felder ausgerichtet werden, die mit einer oder mehreren gewünschten Vorzugsrichtungen der Fasern im Formteil zumindest annähernd übereinstimmt.The object is also achieved in a device according to the preamble of claim 6, characterized in that means for generating one or more electric fields are arranged, which expose the interior at least partially one or more electric fields, whereby the fibers during injection into the mold at least partially be aligned along the respective directions of the electric fields, with one or more desired Preferential directions of the fibers in the molding at least approximately matches.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bzw. die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung wird erreicht, dass sich die Fasern im Innenraum der Form entsprechend dem bzw. den elektrischen Feldern bzw. entlang der jeweiligen Feldlinien der elektrischen Felder ausrichten. Anschließend lagern sich die Fasern dann in einer vorgegebbaren Vorzugsrichtung an der Innenseite der Form an. Ist die Form vollständig mit so ausgerichteten Fasern gefüllt, werden die Fasern miteinander verklebt und behalten beim Verkleben die Orientierung des bzw. der jeweiligen elektrischen Felder bei. Es entsteht somit ein Formteil, dessen Fasern in gewissen Bereichen oder im ganzen Formteil ausgerichtet sind. Die Richtungen der elektrischen Felder bzw. die Feldlinien werden dabei so gewählt, dass die jeweiligen Richtungen der Fasern mit einer oder mehreren Vorzugsrichtungen für bestimmte Eigenschaften übereinstimmen. Es werden dadurch die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Formteilen erhöht, sodaß diese auch nun in anderen Bereichen, die bspw. auf Grund der dort auftretenden Belastungen für Formteile ungeeignet waren, eingesetzt werden können. Unterliegt das Formteil beispielsweise bei bestimmungsgemäßer Verwendung einer bestimmten Belastungsrichtung, wird die Richtung des elektrischen Feldes so gewählt, dass die Fasern parallel zu dieser Belastungsrichtung orientiert werden. Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, dass ihre Rückstellkraft entgegen einer von außen einwirkenden Kraft erhöht wird. Die Wirksamkeit und die Lebensdauer des Formteils verlängern sich dadurch erheblich.It is achieved by the method according to the invention or the device according to the invention that the fibers in the interior of the mold align in accordance with the electric field or along the respective field lines of the electric fields. Subsequently, the fibers are then deposited in a predeterminable preferred direction on the inside of the mold. If the mold is completely filled with fibers oriented in this way, the fibers are glued together and retain the orientation of the respective electric field during bonding. This results in a molded part whose fibers are aligned in certain areas or in the entire molded part. The directions of the electric fields or the field lines are chosen so that the respective directions of the fibers coincide with one or more preferred directions for certain properties. Thereby, the possible uses of molded parts are increased, so that they can now also in other areas, which were unsuitable for example because of the loads occurring there for moldings, can be used. If, for example, the molded part is subject to a specific load direction when used as intended, the direction of the electric field is chosen such that the fibers are oriented parallel to this load direction. In this way it is achieved that their restoring force is increased against an externally applied force. The effectiveness and the life of the molded part thereby extended considerably.
Vorteilhafterweise werden die Fasern vor und/oder während des Einblasens mit einer elektrischen Aufladung versehen und/oder die Aufladung bereits geladener Fasern wird verstärkt. Die Fasern richten sich dann an dem einen bzw. mehreren elektrischen Feldern aus, so dass sie ein Formteil mit einer oder mehreren gewünschten Faser-Vorzugsrichtungen bilden. Bei bereits geladenen Fasern kann deren Aufladung verstärkt werden, so dass sie sich schneller und zuverlässiger entsprechend den Feldlinien der elektrischen Felder im Innenraum ausrichten und schließlich auch im hergestellten Formteil ausgerichtet vorliegen.Advantageously, the fibers are provided with an electrical charge before and / or during the blowing in and / or the charging of already charged fibers is intensified. The fibers then align with the one or more electric fields to form a molded article having one or more desired fiber preferred directions. For already charged fibers their charge can be increased so that they align faster and more reliable according to the field lines of the electric fields in the interior and finally aligned in the manufactured molded part.
Um die elektrischen Felder einfach und kostengünstig zu erzeugen, ist es zweckmäßig, dass die elektrischen Felder mittels leitenden Abschnitten der Form erzeugt werden. Die leitenden Abschnitte der Form sind dabei so angeordnet, dass die Richtungen der elektrischen Felder bzw. die Feldlinien den gewünschten Vorzugsrichtungen der Fasern entsprechen. Leitende Abschnitte der Form können jeweils voneinander isoliert sein. Dadurch werden zusätzliche Mittel zur Erzeugung der elektrischen Felder überflüssig und das Verfahren kann so kostengünstiger durchgeführt werden.In order to produce the electric fields easily and inexpensively, it is expedient that the electric fields by means of conductive portions of the Form be generated. The conductive sections of the mold are arranged so that the directions of the electric fields or the field lines correspond to the desired preferred directions of the fibers. Conductive portions of the mold can each be isolated from each other. As a result, additional means for generating the electric fields are unnecessary and the process can be carried out more cheaply.
Um die Homogenität der elektrischen Felder zu erhöhen und gleichzeitig eine möglichst einfache Wartung zu ermöglichen, kann das zumindest eine elektrische Feld auch durch Elektroden erzeugt wird, welche auf den Außenseiten der mehrteiligen Form oder nach außen versetzt angeordnet sind. Dadurch ist eine einfache Erreichbarkeit der Elektroden und Wartung der Elektroden gewährleistet. Außerdem sind bei der Positionierung der Elektroden weniger Randbedingungen, bspw. Vorsprünge, etc., zu beachten, sodaß die Elektroden größer ausgeführt werden können, was die Homogenität des Feldes zwischen den jeweiligen Elektroden begünstigt, weil Randeffekte der Felder an den jeweiligen Rändern der Elektroden eine kleinere Rolle spielen.In order to increase the homogeneity of the electric fields and at the same time to facilitate the simplest possible maintenance, the at least one electric field can also be generated by electrodes which are arranged offset on the outer sides of the multi-part mold or outwardly. This ensures easy accessibility of the electrodes and maintenance of the electrodes. In addition, in the positioning of the electrodes less boundary conditions, for example. Projections, etc., to pay attention, so that the electrodes can be made larger, which favors the homogeneity of the field between the respective electrodes, because edge effects of the fields at the respective edges of the electrodes play a minor role.
Um möglichst wenig zusätzliche Mittel für die Erzeugung der elektrischen Felder vorsehen zu müssen, ist es zweckmäßig, dass das Einblasen von Fasermaterial in den Innenraum durch zumindest eine Düse erfolgt, welche selbst als Elektrode für zumindest ein elektrisches Feld ausgebildet ist. Dabei kann die Düse aus voneinander isolierten Teilstücken bestehen, um individuelle Teilfelder in unterschiedlichen Richtungen zu erzeugen. Selbstverständlich können aber auch mehrere Düsen als Elektrode ausgebildet sein.In order to provide as little additional means for the generation of electric fields, it is expedient that the blowing of fiber material into the interior takes place by at least one nozzle, which is itself formed as an electrode for at least one electric field. In this case, the nozzle may consist of sections isolated from one another, in order to produce individual partial fields in different directions. Of course, however, a plurality of nozzles may be formed as an electrode.
Die entsprechende korrespondierende zweite Elektrode für das elektrische Feld muss dabei nicht notwendigerweise ebenfalls in Form einer Düse vorliegen, sondern kann beispielsweise auch jede andere zweckmäßige Form aufweisen, insbesondere kann diese auch durch leitende Abschnitte der Form gebildet werden, die gegebenenfalls voneinander elektrisch isoliert sind.The corresponding corresponding second electrode for the electric field need not necessarily also be present in the form of a nozzle, but may for example also have any other expedient shape, in particular, this can also be formed by conductive portions of the mold, which are optionally electrically isolated from each other.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist es vorteilhaft, dass Mittel zur elektrischen Aufladung der Fasern angeordnet sind, so dass ungeladene Fasern aufgeladen und/oder die Aufladung bereits geladener Fasern verstärkt wird. Werden ungeladene Fasern verwendet, so würden diese ohne Aufladung nicht im elektrischen Feld ausgerichtet. Dementsprechend erhöht sich wesentlich die Flexibilität der Vorrichtung, wenn Mittel zur elektrischen Aufladung der Fasern angeordnet sind. Daneben wird die Aufladung bereits geladener Fasern durch die genannten Mittel verstärkt. Fasern, die beispielsweise durch Reibung aneinander bereits eine gewisse aber kleine Aufladung besitzen, welche aber gegebenenfalls nicht stark genug ist, um durch das elektrische Feld ausreichend bzw. schnell genug ausgerichtet zu werden, werden stärker aufgeladen, so dass diese dann zuverlässig durch das elektrische Feld im Innenraum der Form ausgerichtet werden.In the device according to the invention, it is advantageous that means for electrically charging the fibers are arranged, so that charged uncharged fibers and / or the charging of already charged fibers is amplified. If uncharged fibers are used, they would not be charged without charging aligned electric field. Accordingly, substantially increases the flexibility of the device when means for electrically charging the fibers are arranged. In addition, the charging of already charged fibers is reinforced by said means. Fibers that already have a certain but small charge, for example by friction against each other, but which may not be strong enough to be sufficiently or fast enough to be aligned by the electric field, are more charged, so that then reliably by the electric field be aligned in the interior of the mold.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es dabei, wenn die Mittel zur elektrischen Aufladung an der zumindest einen Düse und/oder an einer der Düsen-Zuführleitungen angeordnet sind. Sind die Aufladungsmittel an der Düse angeordnet, wird damit ein kompakter Aufbau der Vorrichtung erreicht. Sind die Mittel an einer Zuführleitung für zumindest eine Düse angeordnet, erhalten die Fasern bereits vor dem Einblasen in den Innenraum die gewünschte Aufladung, Dadurch kann zum einen die Düse relativ einfach und kostengünstig hergestellt werden, gleichzeitig wird auch eine Beeinflussung der elektrischen Felder im Innenraum der Form durch die Mittel zur elektrischen Aufladung, wenn diese an der Düse selbst angeordnet sind, vermieden und damit eine zuverlässige Ausrichtung der Fasern im Innenraum durch das eine bzw. die elektrischen Felder erreicht.It is particularly advantageous if the means for electrical charging are arranged on the at least one nozzle and / or on one of the nozzle supply lines. If the charging means are arranged on the nozzle, a compact construction of the device is thus achieved. If the means are arranged on a supply line for at least one nozzle, the fibers are given the desired charge even before they are blown into the interior space. In this way, the nozzle can be produced relatively simply and inexpensively, at the same time influencing the electric fields in the interior of the Form by the means for electrical charging, if they are arranged on the nozzle itself, avoided and thus achieves a reliable alignment of the fibers in the interior by the one or the electric fields.
Vorteilhafterweise umfassen die Mittel zur elektrischen Aufladung der Fasern eine Ringelektrode. Auf diese Weise können die Mittel besonders einfach in bestehende Zuführleitungen für die Düsen oder in die Düsen selbst integriert werden, indem die Ringelektrode beispielsweise direkt als Abschnitt der Zuführleitung ausgebildet ist oder einfach um die Zuführleitung herum auf deren Außenseite angeordnet wird.Advantageously, the means for electrically charging the fibers comprise a ring electrode. In this way, the means can be particularly easily integrated into existing feed lines for the nozzles or in the nozzles themselves, for example by the annular electrode is formed directly as a portion of the feed line or simply arranged around the feed line on the outside thereof.
Für eine möglichst kostengünstige Herstellung und eine einfache Anordnung der Mittel zur Erzeugung elektrischer Felder kommen auch platten- und/oder stabförmige Elektroden in Betracht. Dabei können die beiden Arten von Elektroden auch zusammen für die Erzeugung eines elektrischen Feldes genutzt werden, beispielsweise indem auf der einen Seite der Form eine Stabelektrode angeordnet ist und auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite eine plattenförmige Elektrode. In diesem Fall verlaufen die Feldlinien von der stabförmigen Elektrode senkrecht zu deren Oberfläche und enden parallel auf der Oberfläche der plattenförmigen Elektrode.For the most cost-effective production and a simple arrangement of the means for generating electric fields are also plate and / or rod-shaped electrodes into consideration. In this case, the two types of electrodes can also be used together for the generation of an electric field, for example by a stick electrode being arranged on one side of the mold and a plate-shaped electrode on the opposite side. In this case, the field lines are perpendicular to the rod-shaped electrode to the surface thereof and terminate in parallel on the surface of the plate-shaped electrode.
Damit die Vorrichtung möglichst kompakt ausgeführt werden kann, ist es zweckmäßig, dass zumindest ein Teil der mehrteiligen Form zumindest teilweise als Elektrode ausgebildet ist. Diese "Einbettung" der Elektrode in die Form ermöglicht zum einen eine kompaktere Ausbildung der Form, zum anderen sind dadurch die Felder weitgehend homogen, weil keine störenden zusätzlichen Zuleitungen im Bereich der elektrischen Felder angeordnet werden müssen, was die Homogenität der elektrischen Felder stören würde.So that the device can be made as compact as possible, it is expedient that at least part of the multi-part mold is at least partially formed as an electrode. This "embedding" of the electrode in the mold allows for a more compact design of the form, on the other hand, the fields are largely homogeneous because no disturbing additional leads in the field of electric fields must be arranged, which would disturb the homogeneity of the electric fields.
Um auch eine einfachere Zugänglichkeit für die Wartung der Vorrichtung zu ermöglichen, ist es vorteilhaft, dass auf den Außenseiten-der mehrteiligen Form Elektroden angeordnet sind und insbesondere die mehrteilige Form teilweise aus nicht leitendem Material hergestellt ist. Werden die Elektroden auf den Außenseiten angeordnet, sind diese leicht von außen zugänglich. Gleichzeitig ist insbesondere die mehrteilige Form teilweise aus nichtleitendem Material hergestellt, um eine teilweise Abschirmung der elektrischen Felder durch den Faradayeffekt zu vermeiden. Dabei kann auch eine entsprechende Ausbildung der Form mittels leitendem und nichtleitendem Materialien dazu dienen, daß der Faraday-Effekt ausgenutzt wird, um das oder die elektrischen Felder gezielt in der Feldstärke und der geometrischen Ausrichtung zu beeinflussen.In order to also allow easier accessibility for the maintenance of the device, it is advantageous that electrodes are arranged on the outer sides of the multi-part mold and in particular the multi-part mold is made partly of non-conductive material. If the electrodes are arranged on the outside, they are easily accessible from the outside. At the same time, in particular, the multi-part mold is partially made of non-conductive material in order to avoid partial shielding of the electric fields by the Faraday effect. It can also serve a corresponding design of the form by means of conductive and non-conductive materials that the Faraday effect is exploited to selectively influence the or the electric fields in the field strength and geometric orientation.
Wenn die Elektroden auf den Außenseiten der mehrteiligen Form angeordnet sind, ist es nicht notwendig, dass diese mit der mehrteiligen Form verbunden sind. Positioniert man beispielsweise Elektroden weiter von der mehrteiligen Form weg, können diese sehr viel größer als die Form oder zumindest Abschnitte der Form ausgeführt werden. Gleichzeitig werden dadurch auch Randeffekte beim elektrischen Feld vermieden(Ausbuchtungen der Feldlinien am Rand der Elektrode; plattenförmige Elektroden direkt gegenüber haben nur ein homogenes Feld im Wesentlichen im Innenraum zwischen den Platten).When the electrodes are arranged on the outer sides of the multi-part mold, it is not necessary that they are connected to the multi-part mold. For example, by positioning electrodes farther away from the multi-part mold, they can be made much larger than the mold or at least portions of the mold. At the same time, this also avoids edge effects in the electric field (bulges of the field lines at the edge of the electrode, plate-shaped electrodes directly opposite have only a homogeneous field substantially in the interior space between the plates).
Damit die Vorrichtung noch kompakter ausgeführt werden kann, ist es zweckmäßig, dass zumindest eine Düse als Elektrode ausgebildet ist. Dabei können sowohl eine Düse mit einer anders geformten Elektrode Mittel zur Erzeugung elektrischer Felder bilden als auch zwei entsprechende Düsen.So that the device can be made even more compact, it is expedient that at least one nozzle is designed as an electrode. In this case, both a nozzle with a differently shaped electrode can form means for generating electric fields and two corresponding nozzles.
Um eine möglichst fehlerfreie Herstellung des Formteils zu gewährleisten und um Kurzschlüsse etc. zwischen den Mitteln zur Erzeugung elektrischer Felder zu vermeiden, ist es zweckmäßig, das Mittel zur elektrischen Isolation, insbesondere zwischen Teilen der mehrteiligen Form angeordnet sind. Dadurch werden leitende Bereiche voneinander isoliert, so dass eine fehlerfreie Herstellung des Formteils ermöglicht wird.In order to ensure the most error-free production of the molding and to avoid short circuits, etc. between the means for generating electric fields, it is expedient, the means for electrical insulation, in particular between parts of the multi-part mold are arranged. As a result, conductive regions are isolated from each other, so that an error-free production of the molded part is made possible.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen sowie aus der Zeichnung. Dabei zeigt
Figur 1- eine perspektivische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen mehr- teiligen Form vor dem Einblasen von Fasern;
Figur 2- eine erfindungsgemäße Form gemäß
während des Einbla- sens von Fasern mit angelegtem elektrischem Feld;Figur 1 - Figur 3
- eine Form gemäß
ohne angelegtes elektrisches Feld;Figur 2 - Figur 4a,4b
- Querschnitt durch ein Formteil mit ausgerichteten Fasern bzw. her- gestellt ohne ausgerichtete Fasern;
Figur 5- eine erfindungsgemäße mehrteilige Form;
- Figur 6a - c
- perspektivische Darstellungen einer Ober- bzw. Unterform;
- Figur 7
- perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts einer Zuführleitung mit Elektrode; und
- Figur 8
- einen Vertikalschnitt durch ein Faser-Ausrichtgerät.
- FIG. 1
- a perspective view of a multi-part mold according to the invention before the blowing of fibers;
- FIG. 2
- a mold according to the invention
FIG. 1 while injecting fibers with an applied electric field; - FIG. 3
- a form according to
FIG. 2 without applied electric field; - Figure 4a, 4b
- Cross section through a molded part with aligned fibers or produced without oriented fibers;
- FIG. 5
- a multi-part mold according to the invention;
- FIG. 6a-c
- perspective views of a top or bottom mold;
- FIG. 7
- perspective view of a section of a supply line with electrode; and
- FIG. 8
- a vertical section through a fiber alignment device.
In
In
In einem nächsten Schritt (nicht gezeigt) lagern sich nun die Fasern F2 in ihrer entsprechenden Orientierung auf den Innenseiten der Ober- bzw. Unterform O, U an, während die eingeblasene Luft durch die gelochte Ober- und Unterform entweicht. Ist der Innenraum I vollständig mit (ausgerichteten) Fasern F2 befüllt, werden die Fasern F2 miteinander verbunden, etwa durch Heißsiegelung. Danach werden gegebenenfalls die Form bzw. die verklebten Fasern F2 abgekühlt. So entsteht ein festes Formteil, das nach Öffnen der Form 1 entnommen werden kann.In a next step (not shown), the fibers F 2 are now deposited in their corresponding orientation on the inner sides of the upper or lower mold O, U, while the injected air escapes through the perforated upper and lower molds. If the interior I completely filled with (aligned) fibers F 2 , the fibers F 2 are connected together, such as by heat sealing. Thereafter, if necessary, the mold or the bonded fibers F 2 are cooled. The result is a solid molding that can be removed after opening the
In
In
In
An der rechten Seitenwand der Unterform U ist etwa senkrecht zu dieser Seitenwand eine Düse D zum Einblasen von Fasermaterial in den Innenraum I der Form 1 angeordnet. Die Düse D trägt eine Elektrode 2c zur statischen Aufladung der Fasern F1, F2 während des Einblasens. Weiterhin ist ein Teil der Oberform O als Elektrode 2a ausgebildet und dementsprechend ebenfalls ein Teil der Unterform U als Elektrode 2b. Zwischen den Elektroden 2a und 2b, gegebenenfalls auch in Kombination mit der Elektrode 2c kann durch Anlegen einer Spannung ein elektrisches Feld E erzeugt werden. Die Spannung an den Elektroden wird so gewählt, dass eine elektrische Feldstärke von 5 kV/cm bis 10 kV/cm insbesondere 6 kV/cm bis 8 kV/cm entsteht.On the right side wall of the lower mold U, a nozzle D for injecting fiber material into the inner space I of the
Die Oberform O und die Unterform U weisen siebartig angeordnete Löcher 5 auf, die dazu dienen, dass die Luftströmung aus dem Innenraum I wieder entweichen kann. Durch das Entweichen der Luft werden die Fasern F1, F2 an die Innenseiten der Oberform O und Unterform U transportiert und lagern sich an diesen ab, so dass nach vollständigem Befüllen des Innenraums I mit Fasern F1, F2 durch Verkleben der Fasern F1, F2 aneinander ein Formteil hergestellt werden kann. Die Oberform O und die Unterform U können dabei teilweise aus nicht leitendem Material hergestellt sein, wobei die jeweiligen Elektroden 2a, 2b selbstverständlich aus leitendem Material bestehen.The upper mold O and the lower mold U have sieve-like arranged
In
In den
In
Eine besonders vorteilhaft Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist in
Das Ausrichtgerät besteht aus einem umlaufenden Vorlegeband 11, das die von oben aufgeworfenen Fasern - gegebenenfalls nach einer gewissen Vereinzelung, so dass sie nur noch in kleinen Flocken zusammenhängen - nach links zu einem Einzugswalzenpaar 12a, 12b befördert. Es handelt sich dabei um zwei in gegengesetzter Richtung umlaufende, mit geringem Spalt parallel zueinander angeordnete Walzen, die an ihrer äußeren Umfangsfläche aufgeraut, insbesondere leicht gezahnt sind. Sie nehmen die von dem Vorlegeband 11 kommenden Fasern auf und befördern sie durch ihren Zwischenspalt hindurch weiter nach links. Um dabei Verstopfungen zu vermeiden, kann zumindest eine der beiden Walzen in Vertikalrichtung gegen Federkraft verschiebbar gelagert sein.The alignment device consists of a circulating
Wesentlich ist nun, dass die Fasern von einem relativ großen rotierenden Zylinder 13 mitgenommen werden. Dieser Zylinder ist mit geringem Abstand von etwa halbzylindrischen Außenwänden 14 umgeben. Durch seine raue, insbesondere gezahnte Außenzylinderfläche, zieht er die Fasern durch den zwischen dem Zylinder 13 und der Außenwand 14 befindlichen Spalt hindurch. Dabei werden die Fasern durch ihre Reibung an der Außenwand 14 allmählich mehr oder weniger in Drehrichtung des Zylinders 13 ausgerichtet, also bevorzugt in Umfangsrichtung orientiert. In dieser Ausrichtung gelangen die Fasern dann - nach einer halben, teilweise auch nach eineinhalb Umdrehungen des Zylinders 13 - zu einem Ausgabespalt 15, von wo die Fasern dann weiter zu der oder den Düsen, also in die Form 1 befördert werden.It is essential that the fibers are carried along by a relatively large
Um das Ablösen der Fasern vom Zylinder 13 und ihre Übergabe in dem Ausgabespalt 15 zu der nach unten abgehenden Leitung 16 zu verbessern, empfiehlt es sich, den Übergangsbereich mit einer etwa tangentialen Luftströmung zu beaufschlagen. Diese Luftströmung übernimmt dann auch den weiteren Transport der Fasern durch die Leitung 16 in die Form 1 hinein.In order to improve the detachment of the fibers from the
Durch die Reibungskräfte, die während der Mitnahme der Fasern durch den Zylinder 13 auf die Fasern einwirken, erhalten sie eine vorzugsweise Ausrichtung in Transportrichtung. Diese mechanische Vor-Ausrichtung erleichtert die später innerhalb der Form stattfindende Ausrichtung mittels eines oder mehrerer elektrischer Felder.By the frictional forces acting on the fibers during the entrainment of the fibers through the
Die Vor-Ausrichtung der Fasern vor ihrer Zuführung zu der oder den Düsen wurde vorstehend mittels einer mechanischen Trommel beschrieben, bei der Reibungskräfte in einem Spalt die Ausrichtkräfte erzeugen. Selbstverständlich liegt es aber auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, die Vor-Ausrichtung der Fasern auf anderem mechanischem Weg oder pneumatisch herbeizuführen.The pre-alignment of the fibers prior to their delivery to the nozzle (s) has been described above by means of a mechanical drum in which frictional forces in a gap create the alignment forces. Of course, it is also within the scope of the invention to bring about the pre-alignment of the fibers by other mechanical means or pneumatically.
Zusammenfassend hat die vorliegende Erfindung den Vorteil, dass auf einfache Weise die Fasern für die Herstellung des Formteils in einer oder mehreren Vorzugsrichtungen ausgerichtet werden können, so dass die Fasern in bestimmter Richtung im fertigen Formteil angeordnet sind, um gewünschte Eigenschaften des Formteils bei seiner bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung zu verstärken. Insbesondere lässt sich dadurch die Festigkeit, die Elastizität und im Ergebnis auch die Lebensdauer des Formteiles gezielt beeinflussen.In summary, the present invention has the advantage that in a simple manner, the fibers for the production of the molding can be aligned in one or more preferred directions, so that the fibers are arranged in a certain direction in the finished molding to desired properties of the molding in its intended use to reinforce. In particular, this allows the strength, the elasticity and, as a result, the service life of the molded part to be specifically influenced.
Claims (18)
umfassend die Schritte
die Fasern (F1, F2) beim Einblasen in die Form (1) zumindest teilweise in dem Innenraum (I) einem oder mehreren elektrischen Feldern (E) ausgesetzt werden, wodurch die Fasern (F1, F2) zumindest teilweise entlang der jeweiligen Richtungen der elektrischen Felder (E) ausgerichtet werden, die mit einer oder mehreren gewünschten Vorzugsrichtungen der Fasern (F1, F2) im Formteil zumindest annähernd übereinstimmen.A method for producing three-dimensional, in particular mat or pillow-like shaped parts made of fibers (F 1 , F 2 ) using a multi-part mold (1) having at least one interior (I), wherein the inner sides of the multi-part mold (1) at least partially determine the contour of the molding
comprising the steps
the fibers (F 1 , F 2 ) are at least partially exposed in the interior (I) to one or more electric fields (E) when injected into the mold (1), whereby the fibers (F 1 , F 2 ) at least partially along the respective directions of the electric fields (E) are aligned, which coincide with one or more desired preferred directions of the fibers (F 1 , F 2 ) in the molding at least approximately.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
ungeladene Fasern (F1, F2) vor und/oder während des Einblasens mit einer statischen elektrischen Aufladung versehen werden und/oder die Aufladung bereits geladener Fasern (F1, F2) verstärkt wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that
uncharged fibers (F 1 , F 2 ) are provided with a static electrical charge before and / or during the blowing in and / or the charging of already charged fibers (F 1 , F 2 ) is intensified.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das oder die elektrischen Felder (E) mittels leitender Abschnitte (2a, 2b) der Form (1) erzeugt werden.Method according to at least one of claims 1-2,
characterized in that
the electric field or fields (E) are generated by means of conductive sections (2a, 2b) of the mold (1).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das zumindest eine elektrische Feld (E) durch Elektroden (2a, 2b) erzeugt wird, welche an der Form (1) oder distanziert hierzu außerhalb der Form angeordnet sind.Method according to at least one of claims 1-3,
characterized in that
the at least one electric field (E) is generated by electrodes (2a, 2b) which are arranged on the mold (1) or distanced to it outside the mold.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass für das elektrische Feld eine elektrische Feldstärke von 5 kV/cm bis 10 kV/cm, insbesondere 6 kV/cm bis 8 kV/cm angewendet wird.Method according to at least one of claims 1-4,
characterized,
that for the electric field had an electric field strength of 5 kV / cm to 10 kV / cm, in particular 6 kV / cm to 8 kV / cm is applied.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass Fasern einer Mindestlänge von etwa 10 mm, bevorzugt etwa 15 mm, insbesondere etwa 20 mm und einer Maximallänge von etwa 60 mm, bevorzugt etwa 50 mm, insbesondere etwa 40 mm verwendet werden.Method according to at least one of claims 1-5,
characterized,
that fibers of a minimum length of about 10 mm, preferably about 15 mm, in particular about 20 mm and a maximum length of about 60 mm, preferably about 50 mm, in particular about 40 mm are used.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Einblasen von Fasermaterial (F1, F2) in den Innenraum (I) durch zumindest eine Düse (D) erfolgt, welche als Elektrode (2a, 2b) für zumindest ein elektrisches Feld (E) ausgebildet ist.Method according to at least one of claims 1-4,
characterized in that
the blowing of fiber material (F 1 , F 2 ) in the interior (I) by at least one nozzle (D), which is formed as an electrode (2a, 2b) for at least one electric field (E).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Fasern (F1, F2) vor dem Einblasen in die Form (1) zumindest teilweise eine mechanische Ausrichtung erfahren, insbesondere eine Ausrichtung etwa parallel zu ihrer Strömungsrichtung.Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that
the fibers (F 1 , F 2 ) at least partially undergo a mechanical orientation before being injected into the mold (1), in particular an orientation approximately parallel to their flow direction.
umfassend
Mittel (2a, 2b) zur Erzeugung eines oder mehrerer elektrischer Felder (E) angeordnet sind, die den Innenraum (I) zumindest teilweise einem oder mehreren elektrischen Feldern (E) aussetzen, wodurch die Fasern (F1, F2) beim Einblasen in die Form (1) zumindest teilweise entlang der jeweiligen Richtungen der elektrischen Felder (E) ausgerichtet werden, die mit einer oder mehreren gewünschten Vorzugsrichtungen der Fasern (F1, F2) im Formteil zumindest annährend übereinstimmen.Device for producing three-dimensional molded parts made of fibers (F 1 , F 2 ), in particular suitable for carrying out a method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8,
full
Means (2a, 2b) for generating one or more electric fields (E) are arranged, which expose the interior (I) at least partially one or more electric fields (E), whereby the fibers (F 1 , F 2 ) during injection into the shape (1) are aligned at least partially along the respective directions of the electric fields (E), which coincide at least approximately with one or more desired preferred directions of the fibers (F 1 , F 2 ) in the molding.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
Mittel (2d) zur elektrischen Aufladung der Fasern (F1, F2) angeordnet sind, sodass ungeladene Fasern (F1, F2) aufgeladen und/oder die Aufladung bereits geladener Fasern (F1, F2) verstärkt wird.Device according to claim 9,
characterized in that
Means (2d) for electrically charging the fibers (F 1 , F 2 ) are arranged, so that uncharged fibers (F 1 , F 2 ) charged and / or the charging of already charged fibers (F 1 , F 2 ) is amplified.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
Mittel (2d) zur elektrischen Aufladung an der zumindest einen Düse (D) und/oder an einer Zuführleitung (Z) für die zumindest eine Düse (D) angeordnet sindDevice according to at least one of claims 9-10,
characterized in that
Means (2d) for electrical charging at the at least one nozzle (D) and / or on a supply line (Z) for the at least one nozzle (D) are arranged
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Mittel (2a, 2b) zur Erzeugung elektrischer Felder (E) ringförmige, platten- und/oder stabförmige Elektroden (2a, 2b) umfassen.Device according to at least one of claims 9-11,
characterized in that
the means (2a, 2b) for generating electric fields (E) comprise annular, plate-shaped and / or rod-shaped electrodes (2a, 2b).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
zumindest ein Teil der mehrteiligen Form (1) zumindest teilweise als Elektrode (2a, 2b) ausgebildet ist.Device according to at least one of claims 8-12,
characterized in that
at least a part of the multi-part mold (1) is at least partially formed as an electrode (2a, 2b).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
auf den Außenseiten der mehrteiligen Form (1) Elektroden (2a, 2b) angeordnet sind und insbesondere die mehrteilige Form (1) teilweise aus nichtleitendem Material hergestellt ist.Device according to at least one of claims 8-13,
characterized in that
On the outer sides of the multi-part mold (1) electrodes (2a, 2b) are arranged and in particular the multi-part mold (1) is partially made of non-conductive material.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
zumindest eine Düse (D) als Elektrode (2a, 2b) ausgebildet ist.Device according to at least one of claims 8-14,
characterized in that
at least one nozzle (D) as an electrode (2a, 2b) is formed.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
Mittel (6) zur elektrischen Isolation, insbesondere zwischen Teilen der mehrteiligen Form (1), angeordnet sind.Device according to at least one of claims 8-15,
characterized in that
Means (6) for electrical insulation, in particular between parts of the multi-part mold (1), are arranged.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
stromaufwärts der Düse(n) (D) ein Faser-Ausrichtgerät (10) vorgelagert ist.Device according to at least one of claims 8 to 16,
characterized in that
upstream of the nozzle (s) (D) is preceded by a fiber alignment device (10).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Faser-Ausrichtgerät (10) ein mobiles Förderelement (13) aufweist, das die Fasern (F1, F2) unter Reibung an einer gegenüberliegenden Wand (14) entlang führt.Device according to claim 17,
characterized in that
the fiber aligning device (10) comprises a mobile conveying element (13) which guides the fibers (F 1 , F 2 ) under friction against an opposite wall (14).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009048001A DE102009048001A1 (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2009-10-02 | Apparatus and method for producing molded parts from fiber material |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2305869A1 true EP2305869A1 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
EP2305869B1 EP2305869B1 (en) | 2013-06-12 |
Family
ID=43332276
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10010798.6A Active EP2305869B1 (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2010-09-27 | Device and method for manufacturing moulded parts from fibrous material |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2305869B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5691360B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102031642B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102009048001A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2426236T3 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20170103757A (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2017-09-13 | 에이치피 펠저 홀딩 게엠베하 | 3-dimensional high-strength fiber composite component and method for producing same |
EP3276064A1 (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2018-01-31 | Technische Universität Dresden | Sandwich core comprising a fibre material and method for its preparation and sandwich panel |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103382626A (en) * | 2012-05-04 | 2013-11-06 | 郑宏明 | Electrostatic adsorption type upright cellucotton molding method |
US9409329B2 (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2016-08-09 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Method and application for controlling alignment of fibers during injection molding process |
DE202014101350U1 (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-03-26 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | fiber feeding |
CN107604536B (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2020-08-25 | 曾林涛 | Preparation method and device of fluffy elastic three-dimensional micro-nano fiber material, fiber material prepared by method and application of fiber material |
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WO2009062646A2 (en) | 2007-11-13 | 2009-05-22 | Robert Bürkle GmbH | Device for producing moulded pieces from fibrous material |
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- 2010-09-27 ES ES10010798T patent/ES2426236T3/en active Active
- 2010-09-30 CN CN201010299387.7A patent/CN102031642B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP3276064A1 (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2018-01-31 | Technische Universität Dresden | Sandwich core comprising a fibre material and method for its preparation and sandwich panel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102009048001A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
JP5691360B2 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
CN102031642A (en) | 2011-04-27 |
CN102031642B (en) | 2015-12-16 |
EP2305869B1 (en) | 2013-06-12 |
ES2426236T3 (en) | 2013-10-22 |
JP2011080188A (en) | 2011-04-21 |
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