EP2304320A2 - Procédé et dispositif de régulation ou de contrôle d'installations de chauffage et de contrôle de bâtiments contenant des brûleurs à gaz - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de régulation ou de contrôle d'installations de chauffage et de contrôle de bâtiments contenant des brûleurs à gaz

Info

Publication number
EP2304320A2
EP2304320A2 EP09780118A EP09780118A EP2304320A2 EP 2304320 A2 EP2304320 A2 EP 2304320A2 EP 09780118 A EP09780118 A EP 09780118A EP 09780118 A EP09780118 A EP 09780118A EP 2304320 A2 EP2304320 A2 EP 2304320A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
carbon monoxide
light source
absorption
methane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09780118A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jia Chen
Andreas Hangauer
Hans Link
Rainer Strzoda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2304320A2 publication Critical patent/EP2304320A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/42—Absorption spectrometry; Double beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry
    • G01J3/433—Modulation spectrometry; Derivative spectrometry
    • G01J3/4338—Frequency modulated spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/11041—Means for observing or monitoring flames using photoelectric devices, e.g. phototransistors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/18—Detecting fluid leaks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the simultaneous detection of the concentration of carbon monoxide and methane by laser absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, an apparatus for carrying out the method is presented. Method and apparatus are used for control and / or monitoring of combustion plants or buildings in which gas burners are used.
  • VCSEL Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser
  • metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors which can simultaneously detect at least two gases in a sample gas volume.
  • these sensors require that a gas-sensitive layer is brought to different temperature levels Liehe so that the gas-sensitive layer having the optical ⁇ male temperature for the specific detection of a gas. This is associated with temperature change processes or with heating and cooling processes.
  • reaction times in a heating gas control or safety system are desired.
  • reaction times of the sensors for measuring at least two gas components can not be represented by metal oxide semiconductor sensors.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method and an apparatus for the simultaneous detection of the concentration of carbon monoxide and methane.
  • the invention is based on the use of spectroscopy with monochromatic wavelength tunable light sources.
  • laser diodes are used in particular.
  • the invention is based on the simultaneous detection of the carbon monoxide and methane concentration in the spectroscopy with a monochromatic tunable in wavelength light source, in particular laser spectroscopy, wherein the measuring gas is acted upon in an absorption path and by means of a photodetector an absorption spectrum of the in a Ab-. Suction path located measuring gas is recorded where ⁇ at least the absorption bands of carbon monoxide and methane are present.
  • a monochromatic tunable in wavelength light source in particular laser spectroscopy
  • a Laserdio ⁇ de For rapid detection of the concentrations of both carbon monoxide and methane, it is advantageous to use a Laserdio ⁇ de, in particular to use a VCSEL.
  • the selection of the frequency of the laser diode is such that in a monochrome tuning the absorption bands of both carbon monoxide and methane are swept over. Recorded absorption spectra are evaluated not only on the Exis ⁇ tence of these gases, but the concentrations of the gases will be determined. This can be done by evaluating the corresponding amplitudes for respective bands.
  • the reference cell advantageously contains at least one target gas, so that a reference measurement can be made for this.
  • monitoring of the carbon monoxide concentration can serve, for example. Accordingly, it is possible to monitor and regulate an optimal combustion state by readjustment in the event of deviations from a desired value.
  • the method can be advantageously used in buildings that are heated with gas burners. Can be monitored ne ⁇ ben carbon monoxide concentration and the Me thankonzentra- tion wherein the fuel used has proportions of methane.
  • Figure 1 shows a measured derivative spectrum in the range of 2.363-2.368 microns with the absorption lines of
  • FIG. 2 shows the installation location of a CO / CH 4 sensor in the exhaust gas of a gas burner
  • FIG. 3 shows the installation location in a living space which is in connection with the operating room of a gas heater / gas boiler.
  • a monitoring function registers both the carbon monoxide and the methane concentration in an exhaust gas and runs in such a way that the carbon monoxide concentration rises above the ignition limit as the oxygen deficiency increases during combustion. With further increased lack of oxygen and unburned hydrocarbons such as methane get into the exhaust gas. The carbon monoxide concentration may drop again. In other words, a dangerous operating condition can not be unequivocally detected by monitoring the carbon monoxide concentration alone. Only the simultaneous measurement of carbon monoxide and methane enables reliable detection of the respective operating state. If, for example, a combustible gas mixture is present in the exhaust gas tract, this dangerous operating state can be detected directly. For example, a gas water heater in a home in ⁇ stalled, so in particular, two potential hazards occur:
  • a The leakage of the supplied fuel gas, for example natural gas.
  • b The emission of carbon monoxide from the combustion into the room air.
  • Light source such as a VCSEL
  • an absorption path and a photodetector needed.
  • the gas to be examined is located in the absorption measuring section.
  • the monochrome and spectrally tunable light source the absorption spectrum of the gas mixture present in the measuring section was recorded with the photodetector.
  • the target gases are carbon monoxide CO and methane CH4.
  • the proposed wavelength of the light source can be, for example, 2.35 ⁇ m.
  • the laser diode remains monochrome, but can be tuned in the fine range such that let absorb an absorption spectrum of a sample gas. In principle, any wavelength range in which carbon monoxide and methane absorb can be used.
  • the evaluation of the absorption spectrum is based on the concentrations of the individual gases in the mixture. This is done, for example, by comparing the measured spectrum with a calculated spectrum of the gas mixture.
  • a measurement gas line or a reference gas cell is mounted. This is a pre-absorption with a gas.
  • the reference gas cell can be directly in the gas stream or in a separate Be arranged light path. In the latter case, it would contain part of the radiation of the light from the main stream.
  • a separate reference gas cell can be omitted if the housing of the photodetector and / or the housing of the light source are filled with the reference gas and light beams are ⁇ hm practicgebowt accordingly.
  • the reference gas consists either of at least one of the target gases or at least one further gas absorbing in the measurement spectrum.
  • a target gas can be determined, wherein an atom of the gas is replaced by an isotope. Gas mixtures of more than two components are possible.
  • the concentration measurement of carbon monoxide is used to maximize combustion efficiency and avoid unwanted emissions of, for example, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide, as well as unburned hydrocarbons.
  • control of the volume flow of air is supplied to the combustion and readjusted depending on the measured CO concentration.
  • Dangerous operating conditions are associated, for example, with an explosion hazard. These operating states can be detected by exceeding defined limit values such as, for example, the MAK values / maximum workplace concentration.
  • Hazardous operating conditions can be detected, for example:
  • a carbon monoxide concentration exceeding a specified limit, at a methane concentration exceeding a specified limit, or at a charac- terized time evolution of carbon monoxide and methane concentrations can be used to assess the condition of a furnace in addition.
  • the combustion exhaust gas contains several percent by volume of water vapor. In the case of incomplete combustion, the moisture concentration drops to about 1% by volume when the flame goes out, to the value of the ambient air.
  • FIG. 1 shows an absorption spectrum which can be covered with a tunable VCSEL in the range from 2.363 to 2.368 ⁇ m, wherein the bands of carbon monoxide / 10 ppm, methane / 85 ppm and water / 1200 ppm are swept over. The numerical values simultaneously indicate the measured concentration.
  • FIG. 2 shows the installation location of a CO / CH 4 sensor in the exhaust gas of a gas or oil burner, which can be regulated via the CO content.
  • the methane content can be determined simultaneously to capture more critical Be ⁇ drove into being for security reasons.
  • the in - is associated with the operation space of a gas heater / gas heater, may be additionally wherein a smoke detector is installed or tegriert in ⁇ .
  • the target gases including water vapor, are lighter than air, so attaching them to the ceiling makes sense.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de régulation ou de contrôle d'installations de chauffage et de contrôle de bâtiments contenant des brûleurs à gaz, par spectroscopie au moyen d'au moins une source lumineuse monochromatique de longueur d'onde ajustable. Un spectre d'absorption d'un gaz de mesure est enregistré dans une voie d'absorption avec l'ajustage spectral de la source lumineuse, au moyen d'au moins un photodétecteur, la concentration des gaz cibles monoxyde de carbone (CO) et méthane (CH4) pouvant être déterminée simultanément lors de l'ajustage de la source lumineuse. L'invention concerne également un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé, comportant une diode laser monochromatique, notamment un laser à cavité verticale émettant par la surface (VCSEL), une voie d'absorption disposée dans la zone des gaz rejetés ou dans une zone à risque de fuite, un photodétecteur pour détecter la lumière parcourant la voie d'absorption, et une unité d'évaluation pour déterminer la concentration de gaz cibles à partir du spectre d'absorption couvert lors d'un ajustage du laser ou de la diode laser. Le procédé et le dispositif selon l'invention peuvent être employés avec des détecteurs de gaz optiques laser dans des installations de chauffage au gaz.
EP09780118A 2008-07-09 2009-07-03 Procédé et dispositif de régulation ou de contrôle d'installations de chauffage et de contrôle de bâtiments contenant des brûleurs à gaz Withdrawn EP2304320A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008032223 2008-07-09
DE102009009314A DE102009009314A1 (de) 2008-07-09 2009-02-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung oder Überwachung von Feuerungsanlagen sowie zur Überwachung von Gebäuden mit Gasbrennern
PCT/EP2009/058384 WO2010003890A2 (fr) 2008-07-09 2009-07-03 Procédé et dispositif de régulation ou de contrôle d'installations de chauffage et de contrôle de bâtiments contenant des brûleurs à gaz

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2304320A2 true EP2304320A2 (fr) 2011-04-06

Family

ID=41427397

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09780118A Withdrawn EP2304320A2 (fr) 2008-07-09 2009-07-03 Procédé et dispositif de régulation ou de contrôle d'installations de chauffage et de contrôle de bâtiments contenant des brûleurs à gaz

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20120031167A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2304320A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102077028A (fr)
DE (1) DE102009009314A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010003890A2 (fr)

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GB201020052D0 (en) * 2010-11-25 2011-01-12 Oxford Catalysts Ltd Steam production
EP2839265B1 (fr) * 2012-04-19 2017-07-26 Zolo Technologies, Inc. Rétroréflecteurs internes de four avec spectromètre à absorption à diode laser accordable orientable
DE102013207720B4 (de) 2013-04-26 2019-10-17 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Überwachung von Verbrennungsanlagen
CN108829021A (zh) * 2018-06-09 2018-11-16 深圳市中电数通智慧安全科技股份有限公司 一种工业园废气处理物联监控系统
US11760170B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-09-19 Denso International America, Inc. Olfaction sensor preservation systems and methods
US11636870B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-04-25 Denso International America, Inc. Smoking cessation systems and methods
US11881093B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2024-01-23 Denso International America, Inc. Systems and methods for identifying smoking in vehicles
US11828210B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-11-28 Denso International America, Inc. Diagnostic systems and methods of vehicles using olfaction
US11813926B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-11-14 Denso International America, Inc. Binding agent and olfaction sensor
US11932080B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2024-03-19 Denso International America, Inc. Diagnostic and recirculation control systems and methods
US11760169B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-09-19 Denso International America, Inc. Particulate control systems and methods for olfaction sensors
DE102021103729A1 (de) 2021-02-17 2022-08-18 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Anordnung zur Beobachtung eines Verbrennungsprozesses in einem Heizgerät
CN114184559B (zh) * 2021-10-22 2023-08-25 安徽大学 基于激光开放光路的早期室内火场预判检测装置

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2010003890A2 (fr) 2010-01-14
CN102077028A (zh) 2011-05-25
DE102009009314A1 (de) 2010-01-21
US20120031167A1 (en) 2012-02-09
WO2010003890A3 (fr) 2010-03-18

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