EP2295675B1 - Verstärkungsverfahren einer Baustruktur - Google Patents

Verstärkungsverfahren einer Baustruktur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2295675B1
EP2295675B1 EP10171577.9A EP10171577A EP2295675B1 EP 2295675 B1 EP2295675 B1 EP 2295675B1 EP 10171577 A EP10171577 A EP 10171577A EP 2295675 B1 EP2295675 B1 EP 2295675B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reinforcement
fibers
shape
process according
molding
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EP10171577.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2295675A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Tourneur
Erik Mellier
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Priority to PL10171577T priority Critical patent/PL2295675T3/pl
Publication of EP2295675A1 publication Critical patent/EP2295675A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements
    • E04G2023/0262—Devices specifically adapted for anchoring the fiber reinforced plastic elements, e.g. to avoid peeling off

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of reinforcing building structures.
  • Reinforcements based on composite materials have many advantages, in particular related to their ease of use and their ability to be applied on various surfaces. They improve, for example, very significantly the dynamic behavior of the reinforced structure.
  • Elongated reinforcements comprising continuous fibers associated with a polymeric matrix, made for example by pultrusion or extrusion, and whose section is substantially constant in a longitudinal direction, can advantageously be used.
  • These elongated reinforcements may advantageously be in the form of a lamella so as to allow a large bonding surface.
  • These reinforcements are for example arranged on a stretched face of a reinforced or prestressed concrete structure element so as to allow reinforcement in traction.
  • These reinforcements may also have the shape of long cylinders commonly known as rods.
  • lamella-shaped reinforcement is marketed by the Freyssinet Company under the trade name FOREVA® CFL.
  • such elongated lamella-shaped reinforcements may have a width of 50, 80, 100 or 150 mm and a thickness of 1.2 mm.
  • elongated reinforcements consist of carbon fibers impregnated with an epoxy matrix.
  • Such reinforcements may be made by pultrusion or extrusion.
  • Such elongated reinforcements although very commonly used to reinforce construction structures, nevertheless have certain disadvantages. In particular, it is found that it is difficult to optimize the connection configuration of such reinforcements with part of the structure to be reinforced.
  • EP 1 186 730 A1 US 6,511,727 B1 and EP 1 331 327 A1 describe processes comprising local removal of the polymeric matrix from a fibrous reinforcement and rearrangement of the released fibers.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method of reinforcing a construction structure using an elongate reinforcement while allowing to optimize the connection configuration with a portion of the structure to be reinforced.
  • the invention thus proposes a method of reinforcing a construction structure as defined in claim 1.
  • elongate reinforcement means a reinforcement extending in a longitudinal direction.
  • the section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said reinforcement is substantially constant over the entire length of said reinforcement.
  • the elongate reinforcing element is chosen from a lamellar reinforcement, a ring-shaped reinforcement, an elongated pultruded reinforcement, an extruded elongated reinforcement.
  • a “lamella-shaped reinforcement” is understood to mean a reinforcement extending in a longitudinal direction and whose section perpendicular to said longitudinal direction has an elongated shape, with one dimension, called width, significantly greater than the other dimension, called thickness.
  • the width is greater than or equal to 10 times the thickness, for example greater than or equal to 20 times the thickness, or even greater than or equal to 40 times the thickness.
  • the thickness of such a lamella-shaped reinforcement is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, by example greater than or equal to 1 mm, in particular less than or equal to 5 mm.
  • the width of such a reinforcement is greater than or equal to 10 mm, for example greater than or equal to 50 mm and in general less than or equal to 500 mm, or even less than or equal to 200 mm.
  • the length of such a reinforcement is greater than or equal to 10 times its width; it is in particular greater than or equal to 1 meter and for example measures several meters.
  • a “ring” is understood to mean a reinforcement of elongated shape whose section, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, has the form of a circle or an ellipse. The largest dimension of this section is for example between 1 cm and 10 cm.
  • the elongated section of an elongated form of reinforcement is for example substantially constant over the entire length of the reinforcement.
  • An elongated shaped reinforcement is usually a straight reinforcement. It is also possible that the elongated shaped reinforcement is curved or bent in the longitudinal direction, with in general a large radius of curvature. It is also possible to envisage reinforcements of elongate shape with sinuosities in the longitudinal direction, provided for example to adapt to the geometry of a part of the structure to be reinforced.
  • the elongate form reinforcement comprises continuous fibers, generally in continuity of material over the entire length of the reinforcement, associated with a polymeric matrix.
  • Fibers can be used to make such reinforcements, such as, in a nonlimiting manner, carbon fibers, mineral fibers, as for example glass fibers or basalt fibers, polymeric fibers such as aramid fibers (known for example under the trade name KEVLAR®).
  • the fibers are generally arranged unidirectionally in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement. It is also possible to manufacture elongated reinforcements with fibers arranged in the form of fabrics, where a portion of the fibers is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement and the other part in a transverse direction.
  • the polymer matrix may consist essentially of a thermosetting polymer, for example an epoxy resin, or a thermoplastic polymer.
  • such a reinforcement is obtained by industrial techniques of composite production, such as pultrusion, extrusion, molding.
  • the polymer matrix consists essentially of a thermosetting polymer and its elimination is obtained by pyrolysis.
  • the temperature conditions of the pyrolysis are determined so as to eliminate the thermosetting polymer while preserving the fibers, and in particular their mechanical properties.
  • the fibers are carbon fibers and the pyrolysis temperature is between 800 ° C. and 1500 ° C.
  • the pyrolysis can be obtained for example by arranging the part of the reinforcement, where it is desired to remove the polymer matrix, in an oven heated to the desired temperature, or according to another embodiment by directing a torch towards this part of the reinforcement.
  • a portion of the elongated form of reinforcement is cooled so as to limit the propagation of heat due to pyrolysis.
  • Such cooling may be for example obtained by clamping a portion of the elongate reinforcement in a cooled room or by spraying a cold gas.
  • the step of removing the polymer matrix is obtained by selective chemical dissolution of the matrix.
  • the present invention also aims at a structural structure reinforced by a reinforcement bonded to at least a part of said structure where the reinforcement comprises an elongated portion comprising continuous fibers in the longitudinal direction of said reinforcement, associated with a polymeric matrix, and a wherein fibers in continuity of material with the fibers of the elongated portion are arranged in a different geometry from the fibers of the elongated portion, eg glued directly to a portion of the building structure or arranged in a polymeric matrix according to a section different from that of the elongated portion.
  • the figure 1 is a schematic view of a device for decreasing the polymeric matrix of an elongate form of reinforcement 10, for example in the form of lamella.
  • the latter is introduced into a furnace 41 brought to a temperature adapted to lead to the pyrolysis of the polymeric matrix of the reinforcement 10 while preserving the continuous fibers that are part of this reinforcement.
  • cooled parts 42 come to contact the reinforcement 10 near the furnace 41 and thus prevent the heat from spreading beyond a desired zone.
  • the cooled parts 42 comprise for example cavities 43 in which cold fluid 44 circulates.
  • the fibers are rearranged in order to optimize the connection of the reinforcement 10 with a part of a structure to be reinforced (not shown as such).
  • the lamellar reinforcement 10 has an initial width L 1 .
  • the fibers are released from the polymer matrix in an area 20 located at one end of the reinforcement 10 and arranged substantially fan-shaped so as to obtain a large expansion of the fibers and a larger contact area for the same length as with the initial lamella-shaped reinforcement.
  • the width L 2 over which the fibers released from the matrix may extend may be, for example, 5 to 10 times greater than L 1 .
  • the fibers released from the matrix are glued to a part of the structure to be reinforced.
  • the fibers released from the matrix are disposed in an area 21, partly rearward with respect to their direction emergence out of the lamella-shaped reinforcement where the matrix is preserved.
  • the elongated form reinforcement is a ring of circular section.
  • the fibers are released from the matrix in a reinforcing zone located between two ends of this reinforcement and in another, a reinforcement zone located at the end of said reinforcement.
  • the fibers released between two ends are between an upstream portion 31 and a downstream portion 32 of the ring.
  • the fibers released at the end are located beyond the downstream portion 32 of the rod.
  • These fibers are rearranged in the form of "buttons", 35, 36.
  • the button 35 is formed by bringing the upstream 31 and downstream portions 32 closer together so as to form, for example, a ball or a flat cylinder.
  • the button 36 is formed by rearranging the released fibers in the form of a loop or a flat cylinder. It is noted that the fibers in the zones 35, 36 could also take the form of a spindle.
  • a reinforcement in the form of a lamella is provided on a structure 45.
  • the fibers of this reinforcement are released from the polymeric matrix in a zone 22 situated between an upstream reinforcement portion 11 and a downstream reinforcing portion 12. These reinforcing portions can be glued to the surface of structure 45.
  • the fibers of the zone 22 are arranged in a spindle on the surface of the structure 45.
  • a hole 46 is made in the structure 45 so as to receive a rod 41.
  • the rod 41 can be held in the hole 46 by gluing, by introducing grout or other suitable means.
  • the rod 41 is introduced into the hole 46 after passing through the fibers 22 in the spindle of the lamella-shaped reinforcement.
  • the fibers located at one end of this rod 41 are previously released from the polymer matrix.
  • fibers 42 located at the end of the polymeric rod opposite the end of the rod which is disposed in the hole 46, are then disposed above the fibers 22 of the lamella-shaped reinforcement.
  • the fibers 22 and 42 are then secured together, for example by gluing. It goes without saying that the fibers 42 may extend beyond the fibers 22, and be arranged for example on the upstream parts 11 and downstream 12 of the lamella-shaped reinforcement, as well as on the surface of the structure 45.
  • two reinforcement zones 23, 24 are superimposed where the fibers are released from their polymeric matrix, and located respectively between two ends 13, 14 and 15, 16 of these two reinforcements.
  • the released and superimposed fibers are bonded to a portion of the structure to be reinforced thereby increasing the strength of the connection in the crossing zone of the two reinforcements.
  • the rearrangement of the fibers released from the polymeric matrix of the reinforcement consists in disposing these fibers in a mold and mixing them with a polymer matrix to form by molding a reinforcing part 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 of different shape from the initial form of the elongate form of reinforcement, for example in the form of a lamella, 17, 18, 19. It is also conceivable to form a reinforcement part by mixing the fibers released from the initial polymeric matrix with a polymeric matrix by any other method of shaping, other than molding, suitable for the manufacture of a composite part, such as, for example, extrusion or pultrusion.
  • the figure 7 is a schematic view of a molding device 50 comprising a portion 51 for supporting a lamella-shaped reinforcement 17 and a portion 52 comprising a cavity 53 in which are introduced the fibers of said reinforcement previously released from the polymeric matrix. These fibers are arranged in the cavity 53 and mixed with a polymeric resin, for example, of composition close to that of the polymeric matrix of the reinforcement.
  • the cavity 53 is of substantially rectangular section; in general, its section and shape are chosen so as to obtain the desired shape of the reinforcement portion of a shape different from the initial shape of the elongate reinforcing element.
  • a reinforcement represented by figure 8 comprising a slat-shaped portion 17 of width L 1 of the thickness e 1 , an area intermediate 25 of length D where the fibers converge to a parallelepiped part 26 of width L 3 and thickness e 3 .
  • L 3 is substantially equal to e 3 .
  • the parallelepipedal portion 26 may advantageously then be placed in a cavity of the structure to be reinforced and be sealed thereto, for example by gluing or by introducing a mortar.
  • Part 17 in the form of lamella may be glued to another part of the structure to be reinforced.
  • the parallelepipedal portion 28 is inclined in a plane different from that of the plate-shaped portion 18. It is thus possible to advantageously anchor this parallelepipedal portion 28 in a cavity inclined with respect to a reinforcement axis, so as for example to reinforce a beam along its length.
  • the fibers previously released from the polymeric matrix have been placed in a mold comprising a trapezoidal cavity making it possible to obtain a part 29 in which the fibers extend in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction so that this part 29 is flatter. and wider than the slat-shaped portion 19.
  • the maximum width L 4 of this portion 29 is approximately twice as large as the width L 1 of the lamella-shaped portion, and its minimum thickness e 4 is twice as small as the thickness e 1 of the slat-shaped part.
  • Such an enlarged portion 29 may be bonded to a portion of the structure to be reinforced so as to increase the effort recovery in this part of the structure.
  • the figure 11 illustrates a schematic view of a reinforcement mode of a construction work.
  • the structure comprises a buried portion 60 consisting of a foundation flange surmounted by a semi-buried wall 62.
  • a slab 63 is fixed to the wall 62.
  • the wall 62 is surmounted by a wall 61 which emerges from the ground.
  • the foundation plate, the semi-buried wall and the slab are made of reinforced concrete and the wall 61 is made of masonry.
  • the level of the slab 63 is lower than the outer level of the ground so that the face 67 of the semi buried wall 62 is accessible while the opposite face of this wall is buried.
  • the part of the semi-buried wall 62 located below the level of the slab 63 is completely buried, as is the foundation plate.
  • a cavity 64 has been cut obliquely in the wall 62 and the foundation plate.
  • the cavity 64 is substantially cylindrical and may be several meters long and have a diameter of the order of a few tens of centimeters.
  • An anchoring element 70 is then disposed in the cavity 64 which includes an end 71 through which strands of reinforcing threads can be threaded.
  • the anchoring element 70 is sealed, for example with a grout of cement or mortar, or of concrete by filling the cavity 64.
  • This reinforcement can be in the form of coverslip. It may comprise unidirectional fibers or a fiber fabric.
  • the fibers of this reinforcement are previously released from their polymeric matrix at one end, located beyond the zone 81. They are then arranged so that a portion of the fibers form a wick. This wick is threaded into the end 71 of the anchoring element 70 before it is completely disposed in the cavity 64, and therefore before it is sealed.
  • the wick reinforcement son forms a loop passing through said cavity 64 and the wick spring from the cavity 64.
  • the wick reinforcement son is arranged, for example fan in the inner surface 67 of the wall 62 and / or on the reinforcement 80. The son thus arranged are secured, especially by bonding to the book.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Verfahren zur Verstärkung einer Bau-Struktur, wobei auf einem Abschnitt der Struktur wenigstens ein Abschnitt einer Verstärkung in länglicher Form (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 31, 32, 41, 80) angeordnet wird, der kontinuierliche Fasern in der longitudinalen Richtung der Verstärkung umfasst, kombiniert mit einer Polymer-Matrix, wobei das Verfahren einen Schritt der Eliminierung der Polymer-Matrix in einem Abschnitt (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 35, 36, 42, 82, 83) der Verstärkung umfasst, so dass die Fasern von der Verstärkung freigesetzt werden, und eine Neuanordnung der von der Polymer-Matrix freigesetzten Fasern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Neuanordnung der von der Polymer-Matrix der Verstärkung freigesetzten Fasern darin besteht, die Fasern in einer Form anzuordnen und sie mit einer Polymer-Matrix zu mischen, um durch Gießen einen Abschnitt der Verstärkung mit einer Form zu bilden, die sich von der anfänglichen Form der Verstärkung unterscheidet.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polymer-Matrix im Wesentlichen aus einem thermohärtenden Polymer gebildet ist, und dass ihre Eliminierung durch Pyrolyse erhalten wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Abschnitt der Verstärkung in Lamellenform abgekühlt wird, so dass die Ausbreitung der Wärme aufgrund der Pyrolyse begrenzt wird.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verstärkung in länglicher Form ausgewählt wird aus einer Verstärkung in Lamellen-Form, einer Verstärkung in Stab-Form, einer länglichen pultrudierten Form und einer länglichen extrudierten Form.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Abschnitt (20, 21, 25, 26, 27, 28, 36, 42) der Verstärkung, wo die Polymer-Matrix entfernt wurde, an einem Ende der Verstärkung angeordnet ist.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Abschnitt (22, 23, 24, 35) der Verstärkung, wo die Polymer-Matrix entfernt wurde, zwischen den Enden der Verstärkung angeordnet ist.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Neuanordnung der Fasern der Verstärkung, die von der Polymer-Matrix freigesetzt wurden, einen Schritt umfasst, bei dem die Fasern in einer geometrischen Form angeordnet werden, die sich von der unterscheidet, die sie in der Verstärkung hatten, beispielsweise als Fächer, als Spindel, als Knopf.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Form des durch Gießen gebildeten Abschnitts (26, 28) im Schnitt kompakter ist als der anfängliche Schnitt der Verstärkung.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 in Kombination mit Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der durch Gießen gebildete Abschnitt in einen Abschnitt der zu verstärkenden Struktur eingesetzt und mit diesem Abschnitt der Struktur verbunden wird.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindung des durch Gießen gebildeten Abschnitts in dem Abschnitt der zu verstärkenden Struktur gemäß einer der Methoden durchgeführt wird, die ausgewählt ist aus der Liste, die gebildet ist aus: dem Kleben, dem Gießen von einem Mörtel zwischen den durch Gießen gebildeten Abschnitt und den Abschnitt der Struktur, in den dieser eingesetzt ist, dem Einsetzen des durch Gießen gebildeten Abschnitts während der Herstellung von dem Abschnitt der zu verstärkenden Struktur, beispielsweise durch Gießen.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Form des durch Gießen gebildeten Abschnitts (29) weiter ausgestellt ist als die anfängliche Form der Verstärkung.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der durch Gießen gebildete ausgestellte Abschnitt (29) auf einen Abschnitt der zu verstärkenden Struktur geklebt wird.
EP10171577.9A 2009-08-03 2010-08-02 Verstärkungsverfahren einer Baustruktur Active EP2295675B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL10171577T PL2295675T3 (pl) 2009-08-03 2010-08-02 Sposób wzmacniania struktury budowlanej

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0955462A FR2948712B1 (fr) 2009-08-03 2009-08-03 Procede de renforcement d'une structure de construction, et ouvrage ainsi renforce

Publications (2)

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EP2295675A1 EP2295675A1 (de) 2011-03-16
EP2295675B1 true EP2295675B1 (de) 2014-09-10

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US (1) US8925268B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2295675B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2525478T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2948712B1 (de)
PL (1) PL2295675T3 (de)

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JP3532441B2 (ja) * 1999-03-17 2004-05-31 蓮太郎 難波 構造材同士の接合箇所における補強構造及び補強方法
EP1331327A1 (de) * 2002-01-29 2003-07-30 Sika Schweiz AG Verstärkungsvorrichtung
ITPG20050028A1 (it) * 2005-05-23 2005-08-22 Kimia S P A Elementi strutturali per il rinforzo di componenti edilizi
EP1881125A1 (de) * 2006-07-21 2008-01-23 Sika Technology AG Verstärkungselement, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Verstärkungselementes und Bauteil, ausgestattet mit einem Verstärkungselement
FR2918689B1 (fr) * 2007-07-09 2012-06-01 Freyssinet Procede de renforcement d'un ouvrage de construction, et ouvrage ainsi renforce.

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US20110036029A1 (en) 2011-02-17
US8925268B2 (en) 2015-01-06
EP2295675A1 (de) 2011-03-16
PL2295675T3 (pl) 2015-03-31
ES2525478T3 (es) 2014-12-23
FR2948712A1 (fr) 2011-02-04
FR2948712B1 (fr) 2015-03-06

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