EP2295675B1 - Reinforcement method for a construction structure - Google Patents

Reinforcement method for a construction structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2295675B1
EP2295675B1 EP10171577.9A EP10171577A EP2295675B1 EP 2295675 B1 EP2295675 B1 EP 2295675B1 EP 10171577 A EP10171577 A EP 10171577A EP 2295675 B1 EP2295675 B1 EP 2295675B1
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Prior art keywords
reinforcement
fibers
shape
process according
molding
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EP10171577.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2295675A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Tourneur
Erik Mellier
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Priority to PL10171577T priority Critical patent/PL2295675T3/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements
    • E04G2023/0262—Devices specifically adapted for anchoring the fiber reinforced plastic elements, e.g. to avoid peeling off

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of reinforcing building structures.
  • Reinforcements based on composite materials have many advantages, in particular related to their ease of use and their ability to be applied on various surfaces. They improve, for example, very significantly the dynamic behavior of the reinforced structure.
  • Elongated reinforcements comprising continuous fibers associated with a polymeric matrix, made for example by pultrusion or extrusion, and whose section is substantially constant in a longitudinal direction, can advantageously be used.
  • These elongated reinforcements may advantageously be in the form of a lamella so as to allow a large bonding surface.
  • These reinforcements are for example arranged on a stretched face of a reinforced or prestressed concrete structure element so as to allow reinforcement in traction.
  • These reinforcements may also have the shape of long cylinders commonly known as rods.
  • lamella-shaped reinforcement is marketed by the Freyssinet Company under the trade name FOREVA® CFL.
  • such elongated lamella-shaped reinforcements may have a width of 50, 80, 100 or 150 mm and a thickness of 1.2 mm.
  • elongated reinforcements consist of carbon fibers impregnated with an epoxy matrix.
  • Such reinforcements may be made by pultrusion or extrusion.
  • Such elongated reinforcements although very commonly used to reinforce construction structures, nevertheless have certain disadvantages. In particular, it is found that it is difficult to optimize the connection configuration of such reinforcements with part of the structure to be reinforced.
  • EP 1 186 730 A1 US 6,511,727 B1 and EP 1 331 327 A1 describe processes comprising local removal of the polymeric matrix from a fibrous reinforcement and rearrangement of the released fibers.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method of reinforcing a construction structure using an elongate reinforcement while allowing to optimize the connection configuration with a portion of the structure to be reinforced.
  • the invention thus proposes a method of reinforcing a construction structure as defined in claim 1.
  • elongate reinforcement means a reinforcement extending in a longitudinal direction.
  • the section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said reinforcement is substantially constant over the entire length of said reinforcement.
  • the elongate reinforcing element is chosen from a lamellar reinforcement, a ring-shaped reinforcement, an elongated pultruded reinforcement, an extruded elongated reinforcement.
  • a “lamella-shaped reinforcement” is understood to mean a reinforcement extending in a longitudinal direction and whose section perpendicular to said longitudinal direction has an elongated shape, with one dimension, called width, significantly greater than the other dimension, called thickness.
  • the width is greater than or equal to 10 times the thickness, for example greater than or equal to 20 times the thickness, or even greater than or equal to 40 times the thickness.
  • the thickness of such a lamella-shaped reinforcement is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, by example greater than or equal to 1 mm, in particular less than or equal to 5 mm.
  • the width of such a reinforcement is greater than or equal to 10 mm, for example greater than or equal to 50 mm and in general less than or equal to 500 mm, or even less than or equal to 200 mm.
  • the length of such a reinforcement is greater than or equal to 10 times its width; it is in particular greater than or equal to 1 meter and for example measures several meters.
  • a “ring” is understood to mean a reinforcement of elongated shape whose section, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, has the form of a circle or an ellipse. The largest dimension of this section is for example between 1 cm and 10 cm.
  • the elongated section of an elongated form of reinforcement is for example substantially constant over the entire length of the reinforcement.
  • An elongated shaped reinforcement is usually a straight reinforcement. It is also possible that the elongated shaped reinforcement is curved or bent in the longitudinal direction, with in general a large radius of curvature. It is also possible to envisage reinforcements of elongate shape with sinuosities in the longitudinal direction, provided for example to adapt to the geometry of a part of the structure to be reinforced.
  • the elongate form reinforcement comprises continuous fibers, generally in continuity of material over the entire length of the reinforcement, associated with a polymeric matrix.
  • Fibers can be used to make such reinforcements, such as, in a nonlimiting manner, carbon fibers, mineral fibers, as for example glass fibers or basalt fibers, polymeric fibers such as aramid fibers (known for example under the trade name KEVLAR®).
  • the fibers are generally arranged unidirectionally in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement. It is also possible to manufacture elongated reinforcements with fibers arranged in the form of fabrics, where a portion of the fibers is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement and the other part in a transverse direction.
  • the polymer matrix may consist essentially of a thermosetting polymer, for example an epoxy resin, or a thermoplastic polymer.
  • such a reinforcement is obtained by industrial techniques of composite production, such as pultrusion, extrusion, molding.
  • the polymer matrix consists essentially of a thermosetting polymer and its elimination is obtained by pyrolysis.
  • the temperature conditions of the pyrolysis are determined so as to eliminate the thermosetting polymer while preserving the fibers, and in particular their mechanical properties.
  • the fibers are carbon fibers and the pyrolysis temperature is between 800 ° C. and 1500 ° C.
  • the pyrolysis can be obtained for example by arranging the part of the reinforcement, where it is desired to remove the polymer matrix, in an oven heated to the desired temperature, or according to another embodiment by directing a torch towards this part of the reinforcement.
  • a portion of the elongated form of reinforcement is cooled so as to limit the propagation of heat due to pyrolysis.
  • Such cooling may be for example obtained by clamping a portion of the elongate reinforcement in a cooled room or by spraying a cold gas.
  • the step of removing the polymer matrix is obtained by selective chemical dissolution of the matrix.
  • the present invention also aims at a structural structure reinforced by a reinforcement bonded to at least a part of said structure where the reinforcement comprises an elongated portion comprising continuous fibers in the longitudinal direction of said reinforcement, associated with a polymeric matrix, and a wherein fibers in continuity of material with the fibers of the elongated portion are arranged in a different geometry from the fibers of the elongated portion, eg glued directly to a portion of the building structure or arranged in a polymeric matrix according to a section different from that of the elongated portion.
  • the figure 1 is a schematic view of a device for decreasing the polymeric matrix of an elongate form of reinforcement 10, for example in the form of lamella.
  • the latter is introduced into a furnace 41 brought to a temperature adapted to lead to the pyrolysis of the polymeric matrix of the reinforcement 10 while preserving the continuous fibers that are part of this reinforcement.
  • cooled parts 42 come to contact the reinforcement 10 near the furnace 41 and thus prevent the heat from spreading beyond a desired zone.
  • the cooled parts 42 comprise for example cavities 43 in which cold fluid 44 circulates.
  • the fibers are rearranged in order to optimize the connection of the reinforcement 10 with a part of a structure to be reinforced (not shown as such).
  • the lamellar reinforcement 10 has an initial width L 1 .
  • the fibers are released from the polymer matrix in an area 20 located at one end of the reinforcement 10 and arranged substantially fan-shaped so as to obtain a large expansion of the fibers and a larger contact area for the same length as with the initial lamella-shaped reinforcement.
  • the width L 2 over which the fibers released from the matrix may extend may be, for example, 5 to 10 times greater than L 1 .
  • the fibers released from the matrix are glued to a part of the structure to be reinforced.
  • the fibers released from the matrix are disposed in an area 21, partly rearward with respect to their direction emergence out of the lamella-shaped reinforcement where the matrix is preserved.
  • the elongated form reinforcement is a ring of circular section.
  • the fibers are released from the matrix in a reinforcing zone located between two ends of this reinforcement and in another, a reinforcement zone located at the end of said reinforcement.
  • the fibers released between two ends are between an upstream portion 31 and a downstream portion 32 of the ring.
  • the fibers released at the end are located beyond the downstream portion 32 of the rod.
  • These fibers are rearranged in the form of "buttons", 35, 36.
  • the button 35 is formed by bringing the upstream 31 and downstream portions 32 closer together so as to form, for example, a ball or a flat cylinder.
  • the button 36 is formed by rearranging the released fibers in the form of a loop or a flat cylinder. It is noted that the fibers in the zones 35, 36 could also take the form of a spindle.
  • a reinforcement in the form of a lamella is provided on a structure 45.
  • the fibers of this reinforcement are released from the polymeric matrix in a zone 22 situated between an upstream reinforcement portion 11 and a downstream reinforcing portion 12. These reinforcing portions can be glued to the surface of structure 45.
  • the fibers of the zone 22 are arranged in a spindle on the surface of the structure 45.
  • a hole 46 is made in the structure 45 so as to receive a rod 41.
  • the rod 41 can be held in the hole 46 by gluing, by introducing grout or other suitable means.
  • the rod 41 is introduced into the hole 46 after passing through the fibers 22 in the spindle of the lamella-shaped reinforcement.
  • the fibers located at one end of this rod 41 are previously released from the polymer matrix.
  • fibers 42 located at the end of the polymeric rod opposite the end of the rod which is disposed in the hole 46, are then disposed above the fibers 22 of the lamella-shaped reinforcement.
  • the fibers 22 and 42 are then secured together, for example by gluing. It goes without saying that the fibers 42 may extend beyond the fibers 22, and be arranged for example on the upstream parts 11 and downstream 12 of the lamella-shaped reinforcement, as well as on the surface of the structure 45.
  • two reinforcement zones 23, 24 are superimposed where the fibers are released from their polymeric matrix, and located respectively between two ends 13, 14 and 15, 16 of these two reinforcements.
  • the released and superimposed fibers are bonded to a portion of the structure to be reinforced thereby increasing the strength of the connection in the crossing zone of the two reinforcements.
  • the rearrangement of the fibers released from the polymeric matrix of the reinforcement consists in disposing these fibers in a mold and mixing them with a polymer matrix to form by molding a reinforcing part 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 of different shape from the initial form of the elongate form of reinforcement, for example in the form of a lamella, 17, 18, 19. It is also conceivable to form a reinforcement part by mixing the fibers released from the initial polymeric matrix with a polymeric matrix by any other method of shaping, other than molding, suitable for the manufacture of a composite part, such as, for example, extrusion or pultrusion.
  • the figure 7 is a schematic view of a molding device 50 comprising a portion 51 for supporting a lamella-shaped reinforcement 17 and a portion 52 comprising a cavity 53 in which are introduced the fibers of said reinforcement previously released from the polymeric matrix. These fibers are arranged in the cavity 53 and mixed with a polymeric resin, for example, of composition close to that of the polymeric matrix of the reinforcement.
  • the cavity 53 is of substantially rectangular section; in general, its section and shape are chosen so as to obtain the desired shape of the reinforcement portion of a shape different from the initial shape of the elongate reinforcing element.
  • a reinforcement represented by figure 8 comprising a slat-shaped portion 17 of width L 1 of the thickness e 1 , an area intermediate 25 of length D where the fibers converge to a parallelepiped part 26 of width L 3 and thickness e 3 .
  • L 3 is substantially equal to e 3 .
  • the parallelepipedal portion 26 may advantageously then be placed in a cavity of the structure to be reinforced and be sealed thereto, for example by gluing or by introducing a mortar.
  • Part 17 in the form of lamella may be glued to another part of the structure to be reinforced.
  • the parallelepipedal portion 28 is inclined in a plane different from that of the plate-shaped portion 18. It is thus possible to advantageously anchor this parallelepipedal portion 28 in a cavity inclined with respect to a reinforcement axis, so as for example to reinforce a beam along its length.
  • the fibers previously released from the polymeric matrix have been placed in a mold comprising a trapezoidal cavity making it possible to obtain a part 29 in which the fibers extend in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction so that this part 29 is flatter. and wider than the slat-shaped portion 19.
  • the maximum width L 4 of this portion 29 is approximately twice as large as the width L 1 of the lamella-shaped portion, and its minimum thickness e 4 is twice as small as the thickness e 1 of the slat-shaped part.
  • Such an enlarged portion 29 may be bonded to a portion of the structure to be reinforced so as to increase the effort recovery in this part of the structure.
  • the figure 11 illustrates a schematic view of a reinforcement mode of a construction work.
  • the structure comprises a buried portion 60 consisting of a foundation flange surmounted by a semi-buried wall 62.
  • a slab 63 is fixed to the wall 62.
  • the wall 62 is surmounted by a wall 61 which emerges from the ground.
  • the foundation plate, the semi-buried wall and the slab are made of reinforced concrete and the wall 61 is made of masonry.
  • the level of the slab 63 is lower than the outer level of the ground so that the face 67 of the semi buried wall 62 is accessible while the opposite face of this wall is buried.
  • the part of the semi-buried wall 62 located below the level of the slab 63 is completely buried, as is the foundation plate.
  • a cavity 64 has been cut obliquely in the wall 62 and the foundation plate.
  • the cavity 64 is substantially cylindrical and may be several meters long and have a diameter of the order of a few tens of centimeters.
  • An anchoring element 70 is then disposed in the cavity 64 which includes an end 71 through which strands of reinforcing threads can be threaded.
  • the anchoring element 70 is sealed, for example with a grout of cement or mortar, or of concrete by filling the cavity 64.
  • This reinforcement can be in the form of coverslip. It may comprise unidirectional fibers or a fiber fabric.
  • the fibers of this reinforcement are previously released from their polymeric matrix at one end, located beyond the zone 81. They are then arranged so that a portion of the fibers form a wick. This wick is threaded into the end 71 of the anchoring element 70 before it is completely disposed in the cavity 64, and therefore before it is sealed.
  • the wick reinforcement son forms a loop passing through said cavity 64 and the wick spring from the cavity 64.
  • the wick reinforcement son is arranged, for example fan in the inner surface 67 of the wall 62 and / or on the reinforcement 80. The son thus arranged are secured, especially by bonding to the book.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine du renforcement de structures de construction.The present invention relates to the field of reinforcing building structures.

Dans ce domaine, il est usuel de coller des renforts au moyen de résines appropriées sur des parties d'une structure à renforcer.In this field, it is customary to bond reinforcements by means of appropriate resins to parts of a structure to be reinforced.

Initialement en tôle, tels qu'utilisés dans le procédé Lhermite, ces renforts ont vu leur constitution évoluer dans les dernières décennies suite à l'apparition de matériaux de substitution à la tôle. Des renforcements à base de matériaux composites sous forme de plaques collées (voir par exemple le document FR-A-2594871 ) ou de tissus collés (voir par exemple le document EP 0799951 ) sont maintenant utilisés de manière courante.Initially sheet metal, as used in the Lhermite process, these reinforcements have seen their constitution evolve in recent decades following the appearance of replacement materials to the sheet. Reinforcements based on composite materials in the form of glued sheets (see for example the document FR-A-2594871 ) or glued fabrics (see for example the document EP 0799951 ) are now used routinely.

Les renforts à base de matériaux composites présentent de nombreux avantages, notamment liés à leur commodité de mise en oeuvre et à leur aptitude à s'appliquer sur des surfaces diverses. Ils améliorent par exemple très sensiblement le comportement dynamique de l'ouvrage renforcé.Reinforcements based on composite materials have many advantages, in particular related to their ease of use and their ability to be applied on various surfaces. They improve, for example, very significantly the dynamic behavior of the reinforced structure.

On peut utiliser de manière avantageuse des renforts de forme allongée comprenant des fibres continues associées à une matrice polymérique, fabriqués par exemple par pultrusion ou par extrusion et dont la section est sensiblement constante selon une direction longitudinale. Ces renforts de forme allongée peuvent avantageusement être en forme de lamelle de manière à permettre une large surface de collage. Ces renforts sont par exemple disposés sur une face tendue d'un élément de structure en béton armé ou précontraint de manière à permettre un renforcement en traction. Ces renforts peuvent également avoir la forme de longs cylindres communément appelés joncs.Elongated reinforcements comprising continuous fibers associated with a polymeric matrix, made for example by pultrusion or extrusion, and whose section is substantially constant in a longitudinal direction, can advantageously be used. These elongated reinforcements may advantageously be in the form of a lamella so as to allow a large bonding surface. These reinforcements are for example arranged on a stretched face of a reinforced or prestressed concrete structure element so as to allow reinforcement in traction. These reinforcements may also have the shape of long cylinders commonly known as rods.

Un exemple de renfort en forme de lamelle est commercialisé par la Société Freyssinet sous la référence commerciale FOREVA® LFC.An example of lamella-shaped reinforcement is marketed by the Freyssinet Company under the trade name FOREVA® CFL.

A titre d'exemples, de tels renforts allongés en forme de lamelles, peuvent avoir une largeur de 50, 80, 100 ou 150 mm et une épaisseur de 1,2 mm.By way of example, such elongated lamella-shaped reinforcements may have a width of 50, 80, 100 or 150 mm and a thickness of 1.2 mm.

Toujours à titre d'exemple, des renforts de forme allongée sont constitués de fibres de carbone imprégnés par une matrice époxyde. De tels renforts peuvent être fabriqués par pultrusion ou par extrusion.Still as an example, elongated reinforcements consist of carbon fibers impregnated with an epoxy matrix. Such reinforcements may be made by pultrusion or extrusion.

De tels renforts de forme allongée, bien que très couramment utilisés pour renforcer des structures de construction, présentent néanmoins certains inconvénients. On constate notamment qu'il est difficile d'optimiser la configuration de liaison de tels renforts avec une partie de la structure à renforcer.Such elongated reinforcements, although very commonly used to reinforce construction structures, nevertheless have certain disadvantages. In particular, it is found that it is difficult to optimize the connection configuration of such reinforcements with part of the structure to be reinforced.

EP 1 186 730 A1 , US 6 511 727 B1 et EP 1 331 327 A1 décrivent des procédés comprenant une élimination locale de la matrice polymérique d'un renfort fibreux et un réarrangement des fibres ainsi libérées. EP 1 186 730 A1 , US 6,511,727 B1 and EP 1 331 327 A1 describe processes comprising local removal of the polymeric matrix from a fibrous reinforcement and rearrangement of the released fibers.

Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de renforcement d'une structure de construction mettant en oeuvre un renfort de forme allongée tout en permettant d'optimiser la configuration de liaison avec une partie de la structure à renforcer.The object of the present invention is to provide a method of reinforcing a construction structure using an elongate reinforcement while allowing to optimize the connection configuration with a portion of the structure to be reinforced.

L'invention propose ainsi un procédé de renforcement d'une structure de construction tel que défini dans la revendication 1.The invention thus proposes a method of reinforcing a construction structure as defined in claim 1.

Il est ainsi possible d'utiliser un renfort de forme allongée produit de manière standard et dont le coût est avantageux, tout en réarrangeant une partie des fibres qui le constitue de manière à optimiser la configuration de liaison du renfort avec une partie de la structure à renforcer. On peut ainsi prendre en compte, par exemple, des variations géométriques de la structure et renforcer préférentiellement certaines zones de la structure, répartir des efforts entre le renfort et certaines zones de la structure de manière contrôlée.It is thus possible to use an elongated elongation reinforcement produced in a standard manner and the cost of which is advantageous, while rearranging a portion of the fibers which constitutes it so as to optimize the connection configuration of the reinforcement with a part of the structure to to reinforce. It is thus possible to take into account, for example, geometric variations of the structure and preferentially reinforce certain zones of the structure, to distribute forces between the reinforcement and certain zones of the structure in a controlled manner.

On entend par « renfort de forme allongée » un renfort s'étendant selon une direction longitudinale.The term "elongate reinforcement" means a reinforcement extending in a longitudinal direction.

En général, mais pas nécessairement, la section perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal dudit renfort est sensiblement constante sur toute la longueur dudit renfort.In general, but not necessarily, the section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said reinforcement is substantially constant over the entire length of said reinforcement.

Selon différents modes de réalisation, le renfort de forme allongée est choisi parmi un renfort en forme de lamelle, un renfort en forme de jonc, un renfort allongé pultrudé, un renfort allongé extrudé.According to various embodiments, the elongate reinforcing element is chosen from a lamellar reinforcement, a ring-shaped reinforcement, an elongated pultruded reinforcement, an extruded elongated reinforcement.

On entend par un « renfort en forme de lamelle » un renfort s'étendant selon une direction longitudinale et dont la section perpendiculaire à ladite direction longitudinale a une forme allongée, avec une dimension, dénommée largeur, significativement supérieure à l'autre dimension, dénommée épaisseur. A titre d'exemple, la largeur est supérieure ou égale à 10 fois l'épaisseur, par exemple supérieure ou égale à 20 fois l'épaisseur, voire même supérieure ou égale à 40 fois l'épaisseur.A "lamella-shaped reinforcement" is understood to mean a reinforcement extending in a longitudinal direction and whose section perpendicular to said longitudinal direction has an elongated shape, with one dimension, called width, significantly greater than the other dimension, called thickness. By way of example, the width is greater than or equal to 10 times the thickness, for example greater than or equal to 20 times the thickness, or even greater than or equal to 40 times the thickness.

A titre d'exemple l'épaisseur d'un tel renfort en forme de lamelle est supérieure ou égale à 0,5 mm, par exemple supérieure ou égale à 1 mm, notamment inférieure ou égale à 5 mm. A titre d'exemple la largeur d'un tel renfort est supérieure ou égale à 10 mm, par exemple supérieure ou égale à 50 mm et en général inférieure ou égale à 500 mm, voire même inférieure ou égale à 200 mm.By way of example, the thickness of such a lamella-shaped reinforcement is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, by example greater than or equal to 1 mm, in particular less than or equal to 5 mm. By way of example, the width of such a reinforcement is greater than or equal to 10 mm, for example greater than or equal to 50 mm and in general less than or equal to 500 mm, or even less than or equal to 200 mm.

A titre d'exemple la longueur d'un tel renfort est supérieure ou égale à 10 fois sa largeur; elle est notamment supérieure ou égale à 1 mètre et mesure par exemple plusieurs mètres.By way of example, the length of such a reinforcement is greater than or equal to 10 times its width; it is in particular greater than or equal to 1 meter and for example measures several meters.

On entend par un « jonc », un renfort de forme allongée dont la section, perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale, a la forme d'un cercle ou d'une ellipse. La plus grande dimension de cette section est par exemple comprise entre 1 cm et 10 cm.A "ring" is understood to mean a reinforcement of elongated shape whose section, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, has the form of a circle or an ellipse. The largest dimension of this section is for example between 1 cm and 10 cm.

La section de forme allongée d'un renfort de forme allongée est par exemple sensiblement constante sur toute la longueur du renfort.The elongated section of an elongated form of reinforcement is for example substantially constant over the entire length of the reinforcement.

Un renfort de forme allongée est en général un renfort droit. Il est également possible que le renfort de forme allongée soit courbé ou cintré dans le sens longitudinal, avec en général un grand rayon de courbure. On peut également envisager des renforts de forme allongée avec des sinuosités dans le sens longitudinal, prévues par exemple pour s'adapter à la géométrie d'une partie de la structure à renforcer.An elongated shaped reinforcement is usually a straight reinforcement. It is also possible that the elongated shaped reinforcement is curved or bent in the longitudinal direction, with in general a large radius of curvature. It is also possible to envisage reinforcements of elongate shape with sinuosities in the longitudinal direction, provided for example to adapt to the geometry of a part of the structure to be reinforced.

Le renfort de forme allongée comprend des fibres continues, en général en continuité de matière sur l'ensemble de la longueur du renfort, associées à une matrice polymérique.The elongate form reinforcement comprises continuous fibers, generally in continuity of material over the entire length of the reinforcement, associated with a polymeric matrix.

De nombreuses fibres peuvent être utilisées pour fabriquer de tels renforts, telles que, de manière non limitative, des fibres de carbone, des fibres minérales, comme par exemple des fibres de verre ou des fibres de basalte, des fibres polymériques comme par exemple des fibres d'aramide (connues par exemple sous l'appellation commerciale KEVLAR®).Many fibers can be used to make such reinforcements, such as, in a nonlimiting manner, carbon fibers, mineral fibers, as for example glass fibers or basalt fibers, polymeric fibers such as aramid fibers (known for example under the trade name KEVLAR®).

Les fibres sont en général disposées de manière unidirectionnelle dans le sens longitudinal du renfort. Il est également possible de fabriquer des renforts de forme allongée avec des fibres disposées sous forme de tissus, où une partie des fibres est disposée dans le sens longitudinal du renfort et l'autre partie dans un sens transverse.The fibers are generally arranged unidirectionally in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement. It is also possible to manufacture elongated reinforcements with fibers arranged in the form of fabrics, where a portion of the fibers is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement and the other part in a transverse direction.

La matrice polymérique peut être essentiellement constituée d'un polymère thermodurcissable, comme par exemple une résine époxyde, ou d'un polymère thermoplastique.The polymer matrix may consist essentially of a thermosetting polymer, for example an epoxy resin, or a thermoplastic polymer.

De préférence un tel renfort est obtenu par des techniques industrielles de production de composite, comme par exemple la pultrusion, l'extrusion, le moulage.Preferably such a reinforcement is obtained by industrial techniques of composite production, such as pultrusion, extrusion, molding.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la matrice polymérique est essentiellement constituée d'un polymère thermodurcissable et son élimination est obtenue par pyrolyse. Les conditions de températures de la pyrolyse sont déterminées de manière à éliminer le polymère thermodurcissable tout en préservant les fibres, et notamment leurs propriétés mécaniques.According to one embodiment, the polymer matrix consists essentially of a thermosetting polymer and its elimination is obtained by pyrolysis. The temperature conditions of the pyrolysis are determined so as to eliminate the thermosetting polymer while preserving the fibers, and in particular their mechanical properties.

A titre d'exemple, les fibres sont des fibres de carbone et la température de pyrolyse est comprise entre 800°C et 1500°C. La pyrolyse peut être obtenue par exemple en disposant la partie du renfort, où l'on souhaite éliminer la matrice polymérique, dans un four porté à la température désirée, ou selon un autre mode de réalisation en dirigeant un chalumeau vers cette partie du renfort.By way of example, the fibers are carbon fibers and the pyrolysis temperature is between 800 ° C. and 1500 ° C. The pyrolysis can be obtained for example by arranging the part of the reinforcement, where it is desired to remove the polymer matrix, in an oven heated to the desired temperature, or according to another embodiment by directing a torch towards this part of the reinforcement.

Selon un mode de réalisation on refroidit une partie du renfort de forme allongée de manière à limiter la propagation de la chaleur due à la pyrolyse. Un tel refroidissement peut être par exemple obtenu par serrage d'une partie du renfort de forme allongée dans une pièce refroidie ou par pulvérisation d'un gaz froid.According to one embodiment, a portion of the elongated form of reinforcement is cooled so as to limit the propagation of heat due to pyrolysis. Such cooling may be for example obtained by clamping a portion of the elongate reinforcement in a cooled room or by spraying a cold gas.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation l'étape d'élimination de la matrice polymérique est obtenue par dissolution chimique sélective de la matrice.According to another embodiment, the step of removing the polymer matrix is obtained by selective chemical dissolution of the matrix.

Selon différents modes de réalisation qui peuvent être combinés entre eux selon toutes les combinaisons envisageables :

  • une partie du renfort où la matrice polymérique a été éliminée est disposée à une extrémité dudit renfort ;
  • une partie du renfort où la matrice polymérique a été éliminée est disposée entre les extrémités dudit renfort .
According to different embodiments that can be combined with each other in any conceivable combination:
  • a portion of the reinforcement where the polymeric matrix has been removed is disposed at one end of said reinforcement;
  • a portion of the reinforcement where the polymeric matrix has been removed is disposed between the ends of said reinforcement.

Selon l'invention, le réarrangement des fibres libérées de la matrice polymérique du renfort consiste à disposer ces fibres dans un moule et à les mélanger avec une matrice polymérique pour former par moulage une partie de renfort de forme différente de la forme initiale du renfort de forme allongée ; on reconstitue alors une partie de renfort composite, de forme différente de la forme initiale du renfort. Selon un exemple relatif à ce mode de réalisation, la matrice polymérique utilisée pour ce moulage est de composition voisine, voire identique, avec celle de la matrice polymérique initiale du renfort de forme allongée. Cette partie du renfort peut être collée ou scellée avec la structure selon les configurations désirées. Selon différentes variantes de ce mode de réalisation:

  • la forme de la partie formée par moulage est de section plus compacte que la section initiale du renfort de forme allongée ;
  • la partie formée par moulage est insérée dans une partie de la structure à renforcer et liée à cette partie de la structure ;
  • la liaison de la partie formée par moulage dans la partie de la structure à renforcer s'effectue selon l'une des méthodes choisie dans la liste constituée du collage, du coulage d'un mortier entre la partie formée par moulage et la partie de la structure dans laquelle elle est insérée, de l'insertion de la partie formée par moulage pendant la fabrication, par exemple par coulage, de la partie de la structure à renforcer ;
  • la forme de la partie formée par moulage est plus évasée que la forme initiale du renfort de forme allongée ; selon un mode de réalisation on colle la partie évasée formée par moulage sur une partie de la structure à renforcer.
According to the invention, the rearrangement of the fibers released from the polymeric matrix of the reinforcement consists in arranging these fibers in a mold and mixing them with a polymeric matrix so as to form by molding a reinforcement portion of a shape different from the initial shape of the reinforcement of elongated shape; a composite reinforcement portion, of a shape different from the initial shape of the reinforcement, is then reconstituted. According to an example relating to this embodiment, the polymeric matrix used for this molding has a composition similar to, or even identical to, that of the initial polymeric matrix of the elongated reinforcing form. This part of the reinforcement can be glued or sealed with the structure according to the desired configurations. According to different variants of this embodiment:
  • the shape of the molded portion is of a more compact section than the initial section of the elongated shaped reinforcement;
  • the molded portion is inserted into a portion of the structure to be reinforced and bonded to that part of the structure;
  • the connection of the part formed by molding in the part of the structure to be reinforced is carried out according to one of the methods chosen from the list consisting of bonding, pouring a mortar between the part formed by molding and the part of the structure in which it is inserted, the insertion of the molded portion during manufacture, for example by casting, of the part of the structure to be reinforced;
  • the shape of the molded part is more flared than the initial shape of the elongate form reinforcement; according to one embodiment, the flared portion formed by molding is bonded to a part of the structure to be reinforced.

La présente invention vise également une structure de construction renforcée par un renfort collé sur au moins une partie de ladite structure où le renfort comprend une partie de forme allongée comprenant des fibres continues dans le sens longitudinal dudit renfort, associées à une matrice polymérique, et une partie où des fibres en continuité de matière avec les fibres de la partie de forme allongée sont arrangées dans une géométrie différente des fibres de la partie de forme allongée, par exemple collées directement sur une partie de la structure de construction ou par exemple disposées dans une matrice polymérique selon une section différente de celle de la partie de forme allongée.The present invention also aims at a structural structure reinforced by a reinforcement bonded to at least a part of said structure where the reinforcement comprises an elongated portion comprising continuous fibers in the longitudinal direction of said reinforcement, associated with a polymeric matrix, and a wherein fibers in continuity of material with the fibers of the elongated portion are arranged in a different geometry from the fibers of the elongated portion, eg glued directly to a portion of the building structure or arranged in a polymeric matrix according to a section different from that of the elongated portion.

Il va de soi que toutes les caractéristiques décrites ci-dessus en relation avec le procédé selon l'invention trouvent leur application dans la structure selon l'invention et peuvent être combinées afin d'illustrer différents modes de réalisation d'une structure selon l'invention.It goes without saying that all the features described above in relation to the method according to the invention find their application in the structure according to the invention and can be combined to illustrate different embodiments of a structure according to the invention. invention.

D'autres particularités et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront de la description ci-après d'exemples de réalisation non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 représente une vue schématique d'un dispositif pour éliminer la matrice polymérique d'un renfort de forme allongée ;
  • les figures 2 à 6 illustrent différents arrangements selon l'invention, des fibres libérées de la matrice polymérique et collées à une partie d'une structure à renforcer ;
  • la figure 7 représente une vue schématique d'un dispositif pour mouler une partie de renfort selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 8 à 10 illustrent différents renforts obtenus selon l'invention comprenant une partie de renfort moulée.
  • la figure 11 illustre un mode de renfort d'une structure.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the following description of nonlimiting exemplary embodiments, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic view of a device for removing the polymeric matrix from an elongate reinforcement;
  • the Figures 2 to 6 illustrate various arrangements according to the invention, fibers released from the polymeric matrix and bonded to a part of a structure to be reinforced;
  • the figure 7 is a schematic view of a device for molding a reinforcing portion according to the invention;
  • the Figures 8 to 10 illustrate different reinforcements obtained according to the invention comprising a molded reinforcement part.
  • the figure 11 illustrates a reinforcement mode of a structure.

Pour des raisons de clarté, les dimensions des différents éléments représentés sur ces figures ne sont pas nécessairement en proportion avec leurs dimensions réelles. Sur ces figures, des références identiques correspondent à des éléments identiques.For the sake of clarity, the dimensions of the various elements shown in these figures are not necessarily in proportion to their actual dimensions. In these figures, identical references correspond to identical elements.

La figure 1 représente une vue schématique d'un dispositif pour diminuer la matrice polymérique d'un renfort de forme allongée 10, par exemple en forme de lamelle. Ce dernier est introduit dans un four 41 porté à une température adaptée à conduire à la pyrolyse de la matrice polymérique du renfort 10 tout en préservant les fibres continues qui font parties de ce renfort. Afin de circonscrire la zone du renfort où la matrice polymérique est éliminée, des pièces refroidies 42 viennent contacter le renfort 10 près du four 41 et évitent ainsi que la chaleur ne se propage au-delà d'une zone désirée. Les pièces refroidies 42 comprennent par exemple des cavités 43 dans lesquelles circule un fluide froid 44.The figure 1 is a schematic view of a device for decreasing the polymeric matrix of an elongate form of reinforcement 10, for example in the form of lamella. The latter is introduced into a furnace 41 brought to a temperature adapted to lead to the pyrolysis of the polymeric matrix of the reinforcement 10 while preserving the continuous fibers that are part of this reinforcement. In order to circumscribe the zone of the reinforcement where the polymeric matrix is removed, cooled parts 42 come to contact the reinforcement 10 near the furnace 41 and thus prevent the heat from spreading beyond a desired zone. The cooled parts 42 comprise for example cavities 43 in which cold fluid 44 circulates.

Après avoir éliminé la matrice polymérique avec le dispositif ci-dessus, ou toute autre méthode adaptée, on réarrange les fibres afin d'optimiser la liaison du renfort 10 avec une partie d'une structure à renforcer (non représentée en tant que telle).After eliminating the polymeric matrix with the above device, or any other suitable method, the fibers are rearranged in order to optimize the connection of the reinforcement 10 with a part of a structure to be reinforced (not shown as such).

Selon le mode de réalisation de la figure 2, le renfort 10 en forme de lamelle a une largeur initiale L1. Les fibres sont libérées de la matrice polymérique dans une zone 20 située à une extrémité du renfort 10 et disposée sensiblement en éventail de manière à permettre d'obtenir un grand foisonnement des fibres et une plus grande surface de contact pour une même longueur qu'avec le renfort en forme de lamelle initial. La largeur L2 sur laquelle peuvent s'étendre les fibres libérées de la matrice peut être par exemple 5 à 10 fois supérieure à L1. Les fibres libérées de la matrice sont collées à une partie de la structure à renforcer.According to the embodiment of the figure 2 the lamellar reinforcement 10 has an initial width L 1 . The fibers are released from the polymer matrix in an area 20 located at one end of the reinforcement 10 and arranged substantially fan-shaped so as to obtain a large expansion of the fibers and a larger contact area for the same length as with the initial lamella-shaped reinforcement. The width L 2 over which the fibers released from the matrix may extend may be, for example, 5 to 10 times greater than L 1 . The fibers released from the matrix are glued to a part of the structure to be reinforced.

Selon une variante représentée en figure 3, les fibres libérées de la matrice sont disposées dans une zone 21, en partie vers l'arrière par rapport à leur direction d'émergence hors du renfort en forme de lamelle où la matrice est conservée.According to a variant represented in figure 3 , the fibers released from the matrix are disposed in an area 21, partly rearward with respect to their direction emergence out of the lamella-shaped reinforcement where the matrix is preserved.

Selon une autre variante, représentée en figure 4, le renfort de forme allongée est un jonc de section circulaire. Les fibres sont libérées de la matrice dans une zone de renfort située entre deux extrémités de ce renfort et dans une autre, une zone de renfort située à l'extrémité dudit renfort. Les fibres libérées entre deux extrémités sont comprises entre une partie amont 31 et une partie aval 32 du jonc. Les fibres libérées à l'extrémité sont situées au-delà de la partie aval 32 du jonc. Ces fibres sont réarrangées sous la forme de « boutons », 35, 36. Le bouton 35 est formé par rapprochement des parties amont 31 et aval 32 de manière à former par exemple une boule ou un cylindre plat. Le bouton 36 est formé par réarrangement des fibres libérées sous forme d'une boucle ou d'un cylindre plat. On note que les fibres dans les zones 35, 36 pourraient également prendre la forme d'un fuseau.According to another variant, represented in figure 4 , the elongated form reinforcement is a ring of circular section. The fibers are released from the matrix in a reinforcing zone located between two ends of this reinforcement and in another, a reinforcement zone located at the end of said reinforcement. The fibers released between two ends are between an upstream portion 31 and a downstream portion 32 of the ring. The fibers released at the end are located beyond the downstream portion 32 of the rod. These fibers are rearranged in the form of "buttons", 35, 36. The button 35 is formed by bringing the upstream 31 and downstream portions 32 closer together so as to form, for example, a ball or a flat cylinder. The button 36 is formed by rearranging the released fibers in the form of a loop or a flat cylinder. It is noted that the fibers in the zones 35, 36 could also take the form of a spindle.

Selon une autre variante, représentée en figures 5a et 5b, on dispose un renfort en forme de lamelle sur une structure 45. Les fibres de ce renfort sont libérées de la matrice polymérique dans une zone 22, située entre une partie de renfort amont 11 et une partie de renfort aval 12. Ces parties de renfort peuvent être collées à la surface de la structure 45.According to another variant, represented in Figures 5a and 5b a reinforcement in the form of a lamella is provided on a structure 45. The fibers of this reinforcement are released from the polymeric matrix in a zone 22 situated between an upstream reinforcement portion 11 and a downstream reinforcing portion 12. These reinforcing portions can be glued to the surface of structure 45.

Les fibres de la zone 22 sont disposées en fuseau à la surface de la structure 45. Un trou 46 est réalisé dans la structure 45 de manière à recevoir un jonc 41. Le jonc 41 peut être maintenu dans le trou 46 par collage, par introduction d'un coulis ou tout autre moyen approprié.The fibers of the zone 22 are arranged in a spindle on the surface of the structure 45. A hole 46 is made in the structure 45 so as to receive a rod 41. The rod 41 can be held in the hole 46 by gluing, by introducing grout or other suitable means.

Le jonc 41 est introduit dans le trou 46 après avoir traversé les fibres 22 en fuseau du renfort en forme de lamelle.The rod 41 is introduced into the hole 46 after passing through the fibers 22 in the spindle of the lamella-shaped reinforcement.

Les fibres situées à une extrémité de ce jonc 41 sont préalablement libérées de la matrice polymérique.The fibers located at one end of this rod 41 are previously released from the polymer matrix.

Ces fibres 42, situées à l'extrémité du jonc polymérique opposé à l'extrémité du jonc qui est disposée dans le trou 46, sont ensuite disposées au-dessus des fibres 22 du renfort en forme de lamelle. Les fibres 22 et 42 sont ensuite solidarisées ensemble, par exemple par collage. Il va de soi que les fibres 42 peuvent s'étendre au-delà des fibres 22, et être disposées par exemple sur les parties amont 11 et aval 12 du renfort en forme de lamelle, de même qu'à la surface de l'ouvrage 45.These fibers 42, located at the end of the polymeric rod opposite the end of the rod which is disposed in the hole 46, are then disposed above the fibers 22 of the lamella-shaped reinforcement. The fibers 22 and 42 are then secured together, for example by gluing. It goes without saying that the fibers 42 may extend beyond the fibers 22, and be arranged for example on the upstream parts 11 and downstream 12 of the lamella-shaped reinforcement, as well as on the surface of the structure 45.

Selon une autre variante représentée en figure 6, on superpose deux zones de renfort 23, 24 où les fibres sont libérées de leur matrice polymérique, et situées respectivement entre deux extrémités 13, 14 et 15, 16 de ces deux renforts. Les fibres libérées et superposées sont collées à une partie de la structure à renforcer permettant ainsi d'augmenter la résistance de la liaison dans la zone de croisement des deux renforts.According to another variant represented in figure 6 two reinforcement zones 23, 24 are superimposed where the fibers are released from their polymeric matrix, and located respectively between two ends 13, 14 and 15, 16 of these two reinforcements. The released and superimposed fibers are bonded to a portion of the structure to be reinforced thereby increasing the strength of the connection in the crossing zone of the two reinforcements.

Des essais ont été effectués selon un mode de réalisation où on utilise un renfort en forme de lamelle de type FOREVA® LFC, de largeur L1 = 50 mm, d'épaisseur 1,2 mm et constituée de fibres de carbone et de résine époxy. On détermine qu'un tel renfort permet de reprendre un effort sur une partie d'une structure en béton de l'ordre de 2,5 tonnes quand il est collé sur un béton sur une longueur de 100 mm. On détermine que le collage d'un renfort sur une partie de structure en béton, tel qu'illustré en figure 2, où les fibres ont été libérées de la matrice sur une longueur de 100 mm et où L2 = 2L1 permet de doubler sensiblement l'effort repris par le renfort.Tests were carried out according to an embodiment in which a FOREVA® CFL type lamella-type reinforcement, of width L 1 = 50 mm, of thickness 1.2 mm, made of carbon fibers and epoxy resin, was used. . It is determined that such a reinforcement makes it possible to recover a force on a part of a concrete structure of the order of 2.5 tons when it is glued on a concrete over a length of 100 mm. It is determined that the bonding of a reinforcement to a portion of a concrete structure, as illustrated in FIG. figure 2 , where the fibers were released from the matrix on a length of 100 mm and where L 2 = 2L 1 can substantially double the force taken up by the reinforcement.

Selon d'autres modes de réalisation, illustrés en figures 7 à 10, le réarrangement des fibres libérées de la matrice polymérique du renfort consiste à disposer ces fibres dans un moule et à les mélanger avec une matrice polymérique pour former par moulage une partie de renfort 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 de forme différente de la forme initiale du renfort de forme allongée, par exemple en forme de lamelle, 17, 18, 19. On peut également envisager de former une partie de renfort par mélange des fibres libérées de la matrice polymérique initiale avec une matrice polymérique par toute autre méthode de mise en forme, autre que le moulage, adaptée à la fabrication d'une partie composite, tel que par exemple, l'extrusion ou la pultrusion.According to other embodiments, illustrated in Figures 7 to 10 , the rearrangement of the fibers released from the polymeric matrix of the reinforcement consists in disposing these fibers in a mold and mixing them with a polymer matrix to form by molding a reinforcing part 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 of different shape from the initial form of the elongate form of reinforcement, for example in the form of a lamella, 17, 18, 19. It is also conceivable to form a reinforcement part by mixing the fibers released from the initial polymeric matrix with a polymeric matrix by any other method of shaping, other than molding, suitable for the manufacture of a composite part, such as, for example, extrusion or pultrusion.

La figure 7 représente une vue schématique d'un dispositif de moulage 50 comprenant une partie 51 permettant de supporter un renfort en forme de lamelle 17 et une partie 52 comprenant une cavité 53 dans laquelle sont introduites les fibres dudit renfort préalablement libérées de la matrice polymérique. Ces fibres sont disposées dans la cavité 53 et mélangées à une résine polymérique, par exemple, de composition proche de celle de la matrice polymérique du renfort.The figure 7 is a schematic view of a molding device 50 comprising a portion 51 for supporting a lamella-shaped reinforcement 17 and a portion 52 comprising a cavity 53 in which are introduced the fibers of said reinforcement previously released from the polymeric matrix. These fibers are arranged in the cavity 53 and mixed with a polymeric resin, for example, of composition close to that of the polymeric matrix of the reinforcement.

Dans l'exemple représenté, la cavité 53 est de section sensiblement rectangulaire ; de manière générale, sa section et sa forme sont choisies de manière à obtenir la forme désirée de la partie de renfort de forme différente de la forme initiale du renfort de forme allongée.In the example shown, the cavity 53 is of substantially rectangular section; in general, its section and shape are chosen so as to obtain the desired shape of the reinforcement portion of a shape different from the initial shape of the elongate reinforcing element.

Après moulage avec le dispositif 50, on obtient un renfort représenté en figure 8 comprenant une partie 17 en forme de lamelle de largeur L1 de l'épaisseur e1, une zone intermédiaire 25 de longueur D où les fibres convergent vers une partie parallélépipédique 26 de largeur L3 et d'épaisseur e3. Dans ce mode de réalisation L3 est sensiblement égal à e3.After molding with the device 50, a reinforcement represented by figure 8 comprising a slat-shaped portion 17 of width L 1 of the thickness e 1 , an area intermediate 25 of length D where the fibers converge to a parallelepiped part 26 of width L 3 and thickness e 3 . In this embodiment L 3 is substantially equal to e 3 .

La partie 26 parallélépipédique peut avantageusement être disposée ensuite dans une cavité de la structure à renforcer et y être scellée, par exemple, par collage ou par introduction d'un mortier. La partie 17 en forme de lamelle peut être collée sur une autre partie de la structure à renforcer.The parallelepipedal portion 26 may advantageously then be placed in a cavity of the structure to be reinforced and be sealed thereto, for example by gluing or by introducing a mortar. Part 17 in the form of lamella may be glued to another part of the structure to be reinforced.

Selon une variante représentée en figure 9, la partie parallélépipédique 28 est inclinée dans un plan différent de celui de la partie 18 en forme de lamelle. On peut ainsi avantageusement ancrer cette partie parallélépipédique 28 dans une cavité inclinée par rapport à un axe de renfort, de manière par exemple à renforcer une poutre sur sa longueur.According to a variant represented in figure 9 , the parallelepipedal portion 28 is inclined in a plane different from that of the plate-shaped portion 18. It is thus possible to advantageously anchor this parallelepipedal portion 28 in a cavity inclined with respect to a reinforcement axis, so as for example to reinforce a beam along its length.

Selon une autre mode de réalisation représenté en figure 10, les fibres préalablement libérées de la matrice polymérique ont été disposées dans un moule comprenant une cavité trapézoïdale permettant d'obtenir une partie 29 où les fibres s'étalent dans un sens perpendiculaire au sens longitudinal de manière à ce que cette partie 29 soit plus plate et plus large que la partie 19 en forme de lamelle. A titre d'exemple, la largeur maximale L4 de cette partie 29 est environ deux fois supérieure à la largeur L1 de la partie en forme de lamelle, et son épaisseur minimale e4 est deux fois inférieure à l'épaisseur e1 de la partie en forme de lamelle. Une telle partie élargie 29 peut être collée sur une partie de la structure à renforcer de manière à augmenter la reprise d'effort dans cette partie de la structure.According to another embodiment shown in figure 10 the fibers previously released from the polymeric matrix have been placed in a mold comprising a trapezoidal cavity making it possible to obtain a part 29 in which the fibers extend in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction so that this part 29 is flatter. and wider than the slat-shaped portion 19. By way of example, the maximum width L 4 of this portion 29 is approximately twice as large as the width L 1 of the lamella-shaped portion, and its minimum thickness e 4 is twice as small as the thickness e 1 of the slat-shaped part. Such an enlarged portion 29 may be bonded to a portion of the structure to be reinforced so as to increase the effort recovery in this part of the structure.

Il va de soi que des réarrangements similaires peuvent être obtenus avec des renforts en forme de jonc, ou présentant toute autre forme allongée. La figure 11 illustre une vue schématique d'un mode de renfort d'un ouvrage de construction.It goes without saying that similar rearrangements can be obtained with rod-shaped reinforcements, or having any other elongated shape. The figure 11 illustrates a schematic view of a reinforcement mode of a construction work.

L'ouvrage comprend une partie enterrée 60 constituée d'une semelle de fondation surmontée par un mur semi enterré 62. Une dalle 63 est fixée au mur 62. Le mur 62 est surmonté par un mur 61 qui émerge du sol. A titre d'exemple, la semelle de fondation, le mur semi enterré et la dalle sont en béton armé et le mur 61 est en maçonnerie.The structure comprises a buried portion 60 consisting of a foundation flange surmounted by a semi-buried wall 62. A slab 63 is fixed to the wall 62. The wall 62 is surmounted by a wall 61 which emerges from the ground. For example, the foundation plate, the semi-buried wall and the slab are made of reinforced concrete and the wall 61 is made of masonry.

On a représenté en pointillé un axe vertical. Par convention, on dira que ce trait limite la face extérieure des murs 62 et 61 et que la face opposée de ces murs est une face intérieure.Dotted is a vertical axis. By convention, it will be said that this line limits the outer face of the walls 62 and 61 and that the opposite face of these walls is an inner face.

Dans l'ouvrage représenté, le niveau de la dalle 63 est inférieur au niveau extérieur du sol si bien que la face 67 du mur semi enterré 62 est accessible alors que la face opposée de ce mur est enterrée. La partie du mur semi enterrée 62 située sous le niveau de la dalle 63 est quant à lui complètement enterré, de même que la semelle de fondation.In the illustrated work, the level of the slab 63 is lower than the outer level of the ground so that the face 67 of the semi buried wall 62 is accessible while the opposite face of this wall is buried. The part of the semi-buried wall 62 located below the level of the slab 63 is completely buried, as is the foundation plate.

Afin de renforcer cet ouvrage, une cavité 64 a été creusée en biais dans le mur 62 et la semelle de fondation. Dans l'exemple représenté, la cavité 64 est sensiblement cylindrique et peut mesurer plusieurs mètres de long et avoir un diamètre de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de centimètres.In order to reinforce this structure, a cavity 64 has been cut obliquely in the wall 62 and the foundation plate. In the example shown, the cavity 64 is substantially cylindrical and may be several meters long and have a diameter of the order of a few tens of centimeters.

On a disposé ensuite dans la cavité 64 un élément d'ancrage 70 qui comprend une extrémité 71 à travers laquelle des mèches de fils de renfort peuvent être enfilées. L'élément d'ancrage 70 est scellé, par exemple avec un coulis de ciment ou de mortier, ou de béton en remplissant la cavité 64. On dispose sur la face intérieure 66 du mur 61 et la face intérieure 67 du mur 62 un renfort de forme allongée 80. Ce renfort peut être sous forme de lamelle. Il peut comprendre des fibres unidirectionnelles ou un tissu de fibres.An anchoring element 70 is then disposed in the cavity 64 which includes an end 71 through which strands of reinforcing threads can be threaded. The anchoring element 70 is sealed, for example with a grout of cement or mortar, or of concrete by filling the cavity 64. On the inner face 66 of the wall 61 and the inner face 67 of the wall 62 there is an elongate reinforcement 80. This reinforcement can be in the form of coverslip. It may comprise unidirectional fibers or a fiber fabric.

Les fibres de ce renfort sont préalablement libérées de leur matrice polymérique à une extrémité, située au-delà de la zone 81. Elles sont ensuite disposées de manière à ce qu'une partie des fibres forme une mèche. Cette mèche est enfilée dans l'extrémité 71 de l'élément d'ancrage 70 avant que celui-ci ne soit complètement disposé dans la cavité 64, et donc avant son scellement. La mèche de fils de renforts forme une boucle passant à travers ladite cavité 64 et la mèche ressort de la cavité 64. Après disposition puis scellement de l'élément d'ancrage 70 dans la cavité 64, la mèche de fils de renfort est disposée, par exemple en éventail à la surface intérieure 67 du mur 62 et/ou sur le renfort 80. Les fils ainsi disposés sont solidarisés, notamment par collage à l'ouvrage. Les modes de réalisation décrits dans la demande de brevet publiée sous la référence FR 2 918 689 sont susceptibles d'être mis en oeuvre dans le cadre de la présente invention, où un renfort de forme allongée est disposé sur une partie d'un ouvrage et où on forme une mèche de fils de renfort à partir dudit renfort par libération de la matrice polymère.The fibers of this reinforcement are previously released from their polymeric matrix at one end, located beyond the zone 81. They are then arranged so that a portion of the fibers form a wick. This wick is threaded into the end 71 of the anchoring element 70 before it is completely disposed in the cavity 64, and therefore before it is sealed. The wick reinforcement son forms a loop passing through said cavity 64 and the wick spring from the cavity 64. After disposing and then sealing the anchoring element 70 in the cavity 64, the wick reinforcement son is arranged, for example fan in the inner surface 67 of the wall 62 and / or on the reinforcement 80. The son thus arranged are secured, especially by bonding to the book. The embodiments described in the patent application published under the reference FR 2 918 689 are capable of being used in the context of the present invention, where an elongate reinforcement is placed on a part of a structure and where a tuft of reinforcing threads is formed from said reinforcement by release of the matrix polymer.

Il est ainsi possible de mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'invention pour renforcer des structures ou ouvrages de construction selon de nombreuses configurations.It is thus possible to implement the method according to the invention for reinforcing structures or construction works in many configurations.

L'invention ne se limite pas aux types de réalisation exemplifiés et doit être interprétée de façon non limitative, et englobant tout mode de réalisation équivalent.The invention is not limited to exemplary embodiments and must be interpreted in a non-standard manner. limiting, and encompassing any equivalent embodiment.

Claims (12)

  1. Process for reinforcing a construction structure wherein, laid on one portion of said structure, is at least one portion of a reinforcement of elongated shape (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 31, 32, 41, 80) comprising continuous fibers in the longitudinal direction of said reinforcement, which are combined with a polymer matrix, said process comprising a step of removing the polymer matrix in one portion (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 35, 36, 42, 82, 83) of the reinforcement so as to release the fibers of the reinforcement and a rearrangement of the fibers released from the polymer matrix, characterized in that the rearrangement of the fibers released from the polymer matrix of the reinforcement consists in positioning these fibers in a mold and in mixing them with a polymer matrix in order to form, by molding, a reinforcement portion of different shape to the initial shape of the reinforcement.
  2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer matrix is essentially constituted of a thermosetting polymer and that its removal is achieved by pyrolysis.
  3. Process according to claim 2, characterized in that one portion of the reinforcement in lamellar form is cooled so as to limit the heat transfer due to the pyrolysis.
  4. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement of elongated shape is chosen from a reinforcement in lamellar form, a reinforcement in rod form, a pultruded elongated reinforcement, an extruded elongated reinforcement.
  5. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a portion (20, 21, 25, 26, 27, 28, 36, 42) of the reinforcement where the polymer matrix has been removed is positioned at one end of said reinforcement.
  6. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one portion (22, 23, 24, 35) of the reinforcement where the polymer matrix has been removed is positioned between the ends of said reinforcement.
  7. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rearrangement of the fibers of the reinforcement, released from the polymer matrix, comprises a step where the fibers are positioned according to a geometric shape different from that which they had in the reinforcement, for example a fan shape, a spindle shape or a button shape.
  8. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the shape of the portion formed by molding (26, 28) has a more compact cross section than the initial cross section of the reinforcement.
  9. Process according to claim 8 combined with claim 5, characterized in that the portion formed by molding is inserted into a portion of the structure to be reinforced and bound to this portion of the structure.
  10. Process according to claim 9, characterized in that the binding of the portion formed by molding into the portion of the structure to be reinforced takes place according to one of the methods chosen from the list constituted of bonding, of pouring a mortar between the portion formed by molding and the portion of the structure in which it is inserted, of the insertion of the portion formed by molding during the fabrication, for example by pouring, of the portion of the structure to be reinforced.
  11. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the shape of the portion formed by molding (29) is more flared than the initial shape of the reinforcement.
  12. Process according to claim 11, characterized in that the flared portion formed by molding (29) is bonded to a portion of the structure to be reinforced.
EP10171577.9A 2009-08-03 2010-08-02 Reinforcement method for a construction structure Active EP2295675B1 (en)

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PL10171577T PL2295675T3 (en) 2009-08-03 2010-08-02 Reinforcement method for a construction structure

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FR0955462A FR2948712B1 (en) 2009-08-03 2009-08-03 METHOD FOR STRENGTHENING A CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE AND STRENGTHENING THE STRENGTH

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ES (1) ES2525478T3 (en)
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JP6437534B2 (en) * 2013-06-06 2018-12-12 シーカ・テクノロジー・アーゲー Structure and method for reinforcing a support structure
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US20110036029A1 (en) 2011-02-17
US8925268B2 (en) 2015-01-06
EP2295675A1 (en) 2011-03-16
PL2295675T3 (en) 2015-03-31
ES2525478T3 (en) 2014-12-23
FR2948712A1 (en) 2011-02-04
FR2948712B1 (en) 2015-03-06

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