EP3234276B1 - Prestressed element and method for producing a prestressed element - Google Patents
Prestressed element and method for producing a prestressed element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3234276B1 EP3234276B1 EP15820452.9A EP15820452A EP3234276B1 EP 3234276 B1 EP3234276 B1 EP 3234276B1 EP 15820452 A EP15820452 A EP 15820452A EP 3234276 B1 EP3234276 B1 EP 3234276B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filling material
- mold
- prestressed element
- prestressing
- prestressed
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004574 high-performance concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 10
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011374 ultra-high-performance concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011210 fiber-reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006253 high performance fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011513 prestressed concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
- E04C3/26—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members prestressed
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
- E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an elongate prestressed element defining two opposite ends, made in at least one filling material, in particular concrete, and having at least one prestressing reinforcement extending between said two ends and embedded in said filling material .
- the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a prestressed element.
- Prestressed elements such as beams, beams, lintels, etc. are generally made by molding a filler material such as concrete and are associated with prestressing reinforcements extending in their length to increase the mechanical strength properties of concrete and in particular the flexural strength. Given their mechanical properties, these prestressed elements are particularly suitable for the realization of structures subject to significant constraints, such as bridges, buildings, and all types of structures and constructions in the field of construction. civil and building engineering.
- a prestressed element comprises prestressing reinforcements embedded in concrete to apply to this element a prestressing in the longitudinal direction of said element.
- prestressing tendons are stretched by their respective ends, for example, by means of jacks, headers, or the like. This is called prestressed element by "pre-tension", the tensioning of the reinforcements taking place before the concrete filling. After the filling and curing of the concrete, the tension exerted on the prestressing tendons is released, which has the effect of constraining the molded element in its length.
- the distribution of the stress is however not uniform over the entire length of the prestressed element. More particularly, the mechanical strength is not optimal in the end zones of the prestressed element. This is explained by the fact that the prestress is transmitted gradually to the concrete.
- the publication CN 102493660 B discloses an anchor tube which is traversed by an armature and which is filled with an ultra-high performance cementitious composite material.
- the armature is fixed in the tube by means of a first plate and a second plate parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other, which delimit between them a space containing the composite material.
- the publication KR 2011 0064359 A discloses a preloaded element having prestressing tendons fixed in a conical element and in an ultra-high performance concrete fixing block.
- the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a prestressed element whose mechanical strength is optimized in particular at at least one of its end zones, to form an anchoring zone which is of a small size compared to the length of the prestressed element and which is as short as possible to reduce the length of the prestressed element to be embedded.
- the invention relates to a prestressed element of the type indicated in the preamble, characterized in that it comprises at least one interface piece traversed by said armature and delimiting at least in part an end zone of said prestressed member by relative to a main part of said prestressed element, and in that on the one hand said end zone of said prestressed element comprises at least partly a second filling material and, on the other hand, said main part of said prestressed element comprises a first filling material, the second filling material having a higher tensile and compressive strength than the first filling material.
- the mechanical strength in the end zone is thus increased, which makes it possible to increase the mechanical strength at the end of the prestressed element.
- This goal is easily achieved by simply adding an interface piece delimiting the end zone which is reduced with respect to the main part.
- the second filling material having a tensile and compressive strength greater than that of the first filling material is thus used in a limited quantity which makes it possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the prestressed element.
- It comprises an interface piece in the form of a plate disposed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of said prestressed member and whose section corresponds to the section of said prestressed member and delimiting said end zone of said prestressed member of said main portion of said prestressed member. and said end zone includes said second filler material.
- the prestressed element may have a substantially parallelepipedal shape and may comprise a plurality of prestressing reinforcements which extend between said ends of the prestressed element and which are parallel to one another.
- Said plate may comprise a plurality of openings arranged to be traversed respectively by one of said prestressing frames.
- Said plate may consist of a perforated plate or a grid.
- it comprises two interface pieces in the form of a plate disposed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of said prestressed element whose section corresponds to the section of said element and delimiting respectively two end zones of said prestressed element. relative to said main portion and said end regions include said second filler material.
- it comprises at least one interface piece in the form of a shrink tube extending in said at least one end zone and traversed by said frame, said shrink tube including said second filler material, and the first filler material coats, on the one hand, said prestressing reinforcement in said main part and, on the other hand, said hooping tube in said end zone.
- it may comprise at least one hooping frame disposed around said hooping tube.
- the hooping tube may be a cylinder and said prestressing frame and said hooping tube may be substantially coaxial.
- the shrink tube may comprise a vent and a filling orifice, and is closed at each of its ends by a plate.
- the prestressed member may comprise a plurality of parallel shrinking tubes between them and arranged along the longitudinal axis of the prestressed member and said shrinking tubes may be surrounded by a plurality of hooping frames parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the prestressed member.
- the first filling material may comprise conventional concrete and the second filling material may comprise so-called high performance concrete or so-called high performance concrete or ultra-high performance concrete.
- the second filler material may comprise fibers or at least one hooping frame.
- At least one interface piece is provided in the mold in the form of a plate perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mold and the second filling material is cast into the end zone of the mold defined by the said mold. plate and the first filling material is cast in the main part of the mold.
- At least one interface piece is provided in the form of a hooping tube parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mold and which extends in the zone end of the mold.
- said second filling material is cast into said shrink tube through a filling orifice and said first filling material is cast on the one hand into the end zone of the mold around said shrink tube and secondly in the main part of the mold.
- the invention relates to a prestressed element 10a, 10b according to the invention made of at least two different types of filling material 2, 3 and comprising at least one prestressing element 40.
- the prestressed element 10a, 10b can consist, by for example, a beam, a post, a slab element, a lintel.
- An interface piece 50a, 50b makes it possible to delimit at least part of an end zone 11 of the prestressed element 10a, 10b of its main part 12, and is crossed by the prestressing armature 40.
- the filling materials may consist of different types of concrete. More particularly, the second filling material 3 has a mechanical strength, and in particular a higher tensile and compressive strength than that of the first filling material 2.
- the second filling material 3 may consist of a concrete said high performance or very high performance concrete or concrete said ultra-high performance.
- the second filling material 3 may also comprise fibers, for example, metal or polymeric fibers or a mixture of both. The addition of fibers makes it possible to further increase the tensile strength of the second filling material 3.
- the second filling material 3 may comprise hooping frames, which will be described later, and / or fibers to increase the tensile strength.
- the second filling material 3 may be an ultra-high performance fiber concrete comprising metal fibers.
- the first filling material 2 may consist of a so-called conventional concrete. In general, conventional or ordinary concrete forming the first filling material 2 has a compressive strength of between 16 to 80 MPa.
- the high performance, ultra high performance, high performance concretes which can form the second filling material 3 have a compressive strength of between 65 and 250 MPa.
- an ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete having metal fibers has a compressive strength of between 150 MPa and 250 MPa.
- the prestressing frame 40 may consist of a linear part such as a cable or a strand or a bar. It is preferably made of metal, with a high elastic limit.
- the prestressing frame 40 is arranged to be energized, by means of tensioning, for example, by means of jacks, then to be released and transmit the tension to the filling material 2, 3. It comprises two opposite ends 41 corresponding to the ends of the prestressed member and extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of said prestressed member.
- an element is prestressed by a plurality of prestressing tendons arranged parallel to each other and evenly distributed or not within the element according to the constraints to be supported.
- the interface piece may consist in a first embodiment of a plate 50a.
- the surface of the plate 50a substantially corresponds to the section of the prestressed element 10a.
- the plate 50a has a plurality of openings 51a arranged to be traversed respectively by a prestressing frame 40.
- the plate 50a is made of a metal of expanded metal type ® providing openings 51a for the passage of four prestressing plates 40.
- the plate 50a may also consist of a perforated plate or a grid.
- the interface piece may also consist of a hooping tube 50b which will be described later with reference to the figure 2 .
- the prestressed element 10a has a substantially parallelepipedal shape and comprises four prestressing plates 40 which extend between the ends 13 of the prestressed element 10a and are parallel to each other.
- the present invention may comprise one or a plurality of prestressing frames, and is not limited to this variant.
- the plate-shaped interface piece 50a delimits an end zone 11 of the prestressed element 10a with respect to a main portion 12. The plate 50a does not extend into the end zone 11 of the element prestressed.
- the end zone 11 is delimited by the end 13 of the prestressed element 10a and by the plate 50a disposed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the prestressed element 10a.
- the main part 12 is delimited by the opposite end (not shown) of the prestressed element 10a and by the plate 50a.
- the prestressed element may also comprise a second plate disposed near the opposite end and which delimits a second end zone, the first plate delimiting a first end zone according to the previous variant.
- the main part is also central and is delimited on the one hand by the first plate and on the other by the second plate.
- the plate 50a has a plurality of openings 51 traversed respectively by at least one prestressing reinforcement 40.
- the main part 12 of the prestressed element 10a comprises a first filling material 2 and the end zone 11 of the prestressed element 10a comprises a second filling material 3.
- the quantity of the first filling material 2 is greater than the quantity of second material 3 in the prestressed element 10a.
- the prestressed element has a first and a second end zone, these each comprise the second filler material.
- the first and second filling materials 2, 3 encase the prestressing reinforcements 40.
- the use of a second filling material 3 in one of the end zones 11 makes it possible to increase the mechanical strength in this zone. end 11. It also makes it possible to compensate for the decrease in the prestress occurring in this end zone 11.
- this configuration avoids using the second filling material 3 on the whole of the prestressed element 10a. This results in an improvement in the mechanical strength of the prestressed element 10a in the end zones 11 and a decrease in the amount of second filling material 3 necessary to obtain a reasonable manufacturing cost.
- the second filling material may comprise fibers or hooping frames as explained below.
- the prestressed element 10a is particularly suitable for forming a pole intended to be placed in a concrete vault foundation at its reinforced end zone 11. Indeed, the high mechanical resistance the end zone 11 of the prestressed element 10a with respect to a prestressed element of the prior art makes it possible to reduce the height of the foundation, also contributing to reducing the costs and time of implementation.
- the prestressed element 10b also has a substantially parallelepipedal shape and comprises at least one prestressing frame 40 and in this example four, without this number being limiting, which extends between the ends 13 of the prestressed element 10b.
- the prestressing frame 40 is provided at one of its ends 41 with an interface piece in the form of a hooping tube 50b.
- the figure 2 illustrates four hooping tubes 50b parallel to each other and arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the prestressed member 10b. These hooping tubes 50b delimit the end zone 11 of the prestressed member 10b with respect to its main portion 12. In addition, they extend and are incorporated in the end zone 11.
- Each hooping tube 50b is closed at each of its ends by a plate 52b which has openings 51b arranged to allow the passage of a prestressing frame 40. It further comprises a vent 53b and a filling orifice 54b arranged to allow the injection of the second material 3.
- the hooping tubes 50b are surrounded by hooping frames 55b arranged parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the element to ensure their relative positioning and their retention in the mold during the manufacture of said element.
- the hooping tubes 50b and the hooping frames 55b combined with the second filling material 3 further increase the tensile strength in the end zone 11, so that the splitting and splitting forces associated with the Introduction of the prestressing can be taken up by the second filling material 3 and the hooping tubes 50b and the hooping frames 55b. This results in an improvement in the mechanical strength of the prestressed element 10b in the end zones 11 and a decrease in the amount of second filling material 3 necessary to obtain a reasonable manufacturing cost.
- the invention achieves the goals set, namely to provide a prestressed member whose mechanical strength is improved in at least one of its end zones.
- the prestressed element 10a, 10b can, for example, find an application in the field of building or civil engineering.
- first plate which delimits a first end zone at a first end of the mold
- second plate which delimits a second zone of end at the other end of the mold
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un élément précontraint allongé définissant deux extrémités opposées, réalisé dans au moins un matériau de remplissage, notamment du béton, et traversé par au moins une armature de précontrainte s'étendant entre les deux dites extrémités et noyée dans ledit matériau de remplissage.The present invention relates to an elongate prestressed element defining two opposite ends, made in at least one filling material, in particular concrete, and having at least one prestressing reinforcement extending between said two ends and embedded in said filling material .
La présente invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément précontraint.The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a prestressed element.
Les éléments précontraints, tels que poutres, poutrelles, linteaux, etc. sont généralement réalisés par moulage d'un matériau de remplissage telle que du béton et sont associés à des armatures de précontrainte s'étendant dans leur longueur pour accroitre les propriétés de résistance mécanique du béton et notamment la résistance à la flexion. Compte tenu de leurs propriétés mécaniques, ces éléments précontraints sont particulièrement adaptés à la réalisation d'ouvrages soumis à d'importantes contraintes, comme des ponts, des bâtiments, ainsi que tout type d'ouvrages d'art et de constructions dans le domaine du génie civil et du bâtiment.Prestressed elements, such as beams, beams, lintels, etc. are generally made by molding a filler material such as concrete and are associated with prestressing reinforcements extending in their length to increase the mechanical strength properties of concrete and in particular the flexural strength. Given their mechanical properties, these prestressed elements are particularly suitable for the realization of structures subject to significant constraints, such as bridges, buildings, and all types of structures and constructions in the field of construction. civil and building engineering.
Classiquement, un élément précontraint comporte des armatures de précontrainte noyées dans du béton pour appliquer à cet élément une précontrainte dans la direction longitudinale dudit élément. Avant de couler le béton dans un banc de moulage, les armatures de précontrainte sont tendues par leurs extrémités respectives, par exemple, au moyen de vérins, de chevêtres, ou similaires. On parle alors d'élément précontraint par « pré-tension », la mise en tension des armatures ayant lieu avant le remplissage du béton. Après le remplissage et le durcissement du béton, on relâche la tension exercée sur les armatures de précontrainte, ce qui a pour effet de contraindre l'élément moulé dans sa longueur.Conventionally, a prestressed element comprises prestressing reinforcements embedded in concrete to apply to this element a prestressing in the longitudinal direction of said element. Before casting the concrete in a molding bench, the prestressing tendons are stretched by their respective ends, for example, by means of jacks, headers, or the like. This is called prestressed element by "pre-tension", the tensioning of the reinforcements taking place before the concrete filling. After the filling and curing of the concrete, the tension exerted on the prestressing tendons is released, which has the effect of constraining the molded element in its length.
La répartition de la contrainte n'est toutefois pas uniforme sur toute la longueur de l'élément précontraint. Plus particulièrement, la résistance mécanique n'est pas optimale dans les zones d'extrémité de l'élément précontraint. Ceci s'explique par le fait que la précontrainte se transmet progressivement au béton.The distribution of the stress is however not uniform over the entire length of the prestressed element. More particularly, the mechanical strength is not optimal in the end zones of the prestressed element. This is explained by the fact that the prestress is transmitted gradually to the concrete.
Pour augmenter la résistance mécanique et surtout pour qu'elle soit homogène dans toute la longueur de l'élément fabriqué jusqu'à ses extrémités, il est également connu d'utiliser des bétons dits à « haute performance », en particulier, renforcés de fibres structurelles. Toutefois, du fait de leurs coûts élevés, ces bétons à haute performance fibrés peuvent difficilement être substitués à du béton classique, moins onéreux.To increase the mechanical strength and especially so that it is homogeneous throughout the length of the manufactured element to its ends, it is also known to use concretes called "high performance", in particular, reinforced with fibers structural. However, because of their high costs, these fibered high-performance concretes can hardly be substituted for conventional concrete, less expensive.
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En conséquence, les solutions existantes ne permettent actuellement pas d'offrir une résistance mécanique améliorée au niveau des extrémités de l'élément précontraint tout en proposant un coût raisonnable de fabrication en phase avec le marché.As a result, existing solutions currently do not provide improved mechanical strength at the ends of the prestressed member while providing a reasonable manufacturing cost in line with the market.
La présente invention vise à pallier ces inconvénients en proposant un élément précontraint dont la résistance mécanique est optimisée en particulier à l'une au moins de ses zones d'extrémité, pour former une zone d'ancrage qui soit de taille restreinte par rapport à la longueur de l'élément précontraint et qui soit la plus courte possible pour diminuer la longueur de l'élément précontraint à encastrer.The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a prestressed element whose mechanical strength is optimized in particular at at least one of its end zones, to form an anchoring zone which is of a small size compared to the length of the prestressed element and which is as short as possible to reduce the length of the prestressed element to be embedded.
Dans ce but, l'invention concerne un élément précontraint du genre indiqué en préambule, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une pièce d'interface traversée par ladite armature et délimitant au moins en partie une zone d'extrémité dudit élément précontraint par rapport à une partie principale dudit élément précontraint, et en ce que d'une part ladite zone d'extrémité dudit élément précontraint comporte au moins en partie un second matériau de remplissage et, d'autre part, ladite partie principale dudit élément précontraint comporte un premier matériau de remplissage, le second matériau de remplissage présentant une résistance à la traction et à la compression supérieure à celle du premier matériau de remplissage.For this purpose, the invention relates to a prestressed element of the type indicated in the preamble, characterized in that it comprises at least one interface piece traversed by said armature and delimiting at least in part an end zone of said prestressed member by relative to a main part of said prestressed element, and in that on the one hand said end zone of said prestressed element comprises at least partly a second filling material and, on the other hand, said main part of said prestressed element comprises a first filling material, the second filling material having a higher tensile and compressive strength than the first filling material.
La résistance mécanique dans la zone d'extrémité est ainsi accrue ce qui permet d'augmenter la résistance mécanique à l'extrémité de l'élément précontraint. Ce but est atteint aisément pas le simple ajout d'une pièce d'interface délimitant la zone d'extrémité qui est réduite par rapport à la partie principale. Le second matériau de remplissage présentant une résistance à la traction et à la compression supérieure à celle du premier matériau de remplissage est ainsi utilisé en quantité limitée ce qui permet de diminuer le coût de fabrication de l'élément précontraint.The mechanical strength in the end zone is thus increased, which makes it possible to increase the mechanical strength at the end of the prestressed element. This goal is easily achieved by simply adding an interface piece delimiting the end zone which is reduced with respect to the main part. The second filling material having a tensile and compressive strength greater than that of the first filling material is thus used in a limited quantity which makes it possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the prestressed element.
Il comporte une pièce d'interface sous la forme de plaque disposée perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinale dudit élément précontraint et dont la section correspond à la section dudit élément précontraint et délimitant ladite zone d'extrémité dudit élément précontraint de ladite partie principale dudit élément précontraint et ladite zone d'extrémité comporte ledit second matériau de remplissage.It comprises an interface piece in the form of a plate disposed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of said prestressed member and whose section corresponds to the section of said prestressed member and delimiting said end zone of said prestressed member of said main portion of said prestressed member. and said end zone includes said second filler material.
L'élément précontraint peut présenter une forme sensiblement parallélépipédique et comporter une pluralité d'armatures de précontrainte qui s'étendent entre lesdites extrémités de l'élément précontraint et qui sont parallèles entre elles.The prestressed element may have a substantially parallelepipedal shape and may comprise a plurality of prestressing reinforcements which extend between said ends of the prestressed element and which are parallel to one another.
Ladite plaque peut comporter une pluralité d'ouvertures agencées pour être traversées respectivement par une desdites armatures de précontrainte.Said plate may comprise a plurality of openings arranged to be traversed respectively by one of said prestressing frames.
Ladite plaque peut être constituée d'une tôle perforée ou d'un grillage.Said plate may consist of a perforated plate or a grid.
Selon une autre variante de réalisation préférée, il comporte deux pièces d'interface sous la forme de plaque disposées perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinale dudit élément précontraint dont la section correspond à la section dudit élément et délimitant respectivement deux zones d'extrémité dudit élément précontraint par rapport à ladite partie principale et en ce que lesdites zones d'extrémité comportent ledit second matériau de remplissage.According to another preferred embodiment, it comprises two interface pieces in the form of a plate disposed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of said prestressed element whose section corresponds to the section of said element and delimiting respectively two end zones of said prestressed element. relative to said main portion and said end regions include said second filler material.
Dans une variante de réalisation ne faisant pas partie de l'invention, il comporte au moins une pièce d'interface sous la forme d'un tube de frettage s'étendant dans ladite au moins une zone d'extrémité et traversé par ladite armature, ledit tube de frettage comportant ledit second matériau de remplissage, et le premier matériau de remplissage enrobe, d'une part, ladite armature de précontrainte dans ladite partie principale et, d'autre part, ledit tube de frettage dans ladite zone d'extrémité.In an alternative embodiment not forming part of the invention, it comprises at least one interface piece in the form of a shrink tube extending in said at least one end zone and traversed by said frame, said shrink tube including said second filler material, and the first filler material coats, on the one hand, said prestressing reinforcement in said main part and, on the other hand, said hooping tube in said end zone.
Dans ce cas, il peut comporter au moins un cadre de frettage disposé autour dudit tube de frettage.In this case, it may comprise at least one hooping frame disposed around said hooping tube.
De préférence, le tube de frettage peut être un cylindre et ladite armature de précontrainte et ledit tube frettage peuvent être sensiblement coaxiaux.Preferably, the hooping tube may be a cylinder and said prestressing frame and said hooping tube may be substantially coaxial.
De préférence, le tube de frettage peut comporter un évent et un orifice de remplissage, et est fermé à chacune de ses extrémités par une plaque.Preferably, the shrink tube may comprise a vent and a filling orifice, and is closed at each of its ends by a plate.
De préférence, l'élément précontraint peut comporter une pluralité de tube de frettage parallèles entre eux et disposés le long de l'axe longitudinal de l'élément précontraint et lesdits tubes de frettage peuvent être entourés par une pluralité de cadres de frettage parallèles entre eux et perpendiculaires à l'axe longitudinal de l'élément précontraint.Preferably, the prestressed member may comprise a plurality of parallel shrinking tubes between them and arranged along the longitudinal axis of the prestressed member and said shrinking tubes may be surrounded by a plurality of hooping frames parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the prestressed member.
Avantageusement, le premier matériau de remplissage peut comprendre du béton classique et le second matériau de remplissage peut comprendre du béton dit hautes performances ou du béton dit à très hautes performances ou du béton dit ultra-hautes performances. Dans ce cas, le second matériau de remplissage peut comprendre des fibres ou au moins un cadre de frettage.Advantageously, the first filling material may comprise conventional concrete and the second filling material may comprise so-called high performance concrete or so-called high performance concrete or ultra-high performance concrete. In this case, the second filler material may comprise fibers or at least one hooping frame.
L'invention concerne un également un procédé de fabrication du genre indiqué en préambule, caractérisé en ce que :
- l'on dispose au moins une pièce d'interface agencée pour être traversée par au moins une armature de précontrainte dans le moule et délimitant au moins une zone d'extrémité du moule par rapport à une partie principale du moule,
- l'on dispose au moins une armature de précontrainte dans le moule au travers de la pièce d'interface,
- l'on fixe les extrémités des armatures de précontrainte à des moyens de mise en tension disposés au-delà des extrémités du moule,
- l'on applique une tension aux extrémités de ladite armature de contrainte,
- l'on coule un second matériau de remplissage au moins en partie dans la zone d'extrémité du moule délimitée par ladite pièce d'interface, et l'on coule un premier matériau de remplissage au moins dans la partie principale du moule,
- l'on relâche la tension de ladite armature de précontrainte après le durcissement des premier et second matériaux de remplissage.
- there is at least one interface piece arranged to be traversed by at least one prestressing reinforcement in the mold and delimiting at least one end zone of the mold relative to a main part of the mold,
- at least one preload reinforcement is provided in the mold through the interface piece,
- the ends of the prestressing tendons are fixed to tensioning means arranged beyond the ends of the mold,
- a tension is applied to the ends of said stress reinforcement,
- a second filling material is cast at least in part into the end zone of the mold delimited by said interface piece, and a first filling material is cast at least in the main part of the mold,
- releasing the tension of said prestressing frame after curing the first and second filler materials.
L'on dispose au moins une pièce d'interface dans le moule sous la forme d'une plaque perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du moule et l'on coule le second matériau de remplissage dans la zone d'extrémité du moule délimitée par ladite plaque et l'on coule le premier matériau de remplissage dans la partie principale du moule.At least one interface piece is provided in the mold in the form of a plate perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mold and the second filling material is cast into the end zone of the mold defined by the said mold. plate and the first filling material is cast in the main part of the mold.
Selon une variante de réalisation préférée, l'on dispose une plaque qui comporte une pluralité d'ouvertures dans le moule pour délimiter une zone d'extrémité du moule par rapport à une partie principale du moule,
- l'on dispose plusieurs desdites armatures de précontrainte dans le moule au travers desdites ouvertures de la plaque,
- l'on coule un premier matériau de remplissage dans la partie principale du moule,
- l'on coule un second matériau de remplissage dans la zone d'extrémité du moule.
- several of said prestressing tendons are arranged in the mold through said openings of the plate,
- a first filling material is cast in the main part of the mold,
- a second filling material is cast in the end zone of the mold.
Selon une variante de réalisation ne faisant pas partie de l'invention, l'on dispose au moins une pièce d'interface sous la forme d'un tube de frettage parallèle à l'axe longitudinal du moule et qui s'étend dans la zone d'extrémité du moule.According to an alternative embodiment not forming part of the invention, at least one interface piece is provided in the form of a hooping tube parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mold and which extends in the zone end of the mold.
Dans ce cas, l'on coule ledit second matériau de remplissage dans ledit tube de frettage au travers d'un orifice de remplissage et l'on coule ledit premier matériau de remplissage, d'une part, dans la zone d'extrémité du moule autour dudit tube de frettage et d'autre part, dans la partie principale du moule.In this case, said second filling material is cast into said shrink tube through a filling orifice and said first filling material is cast on the one hand into the end zone of the mold around said shrink tube and secondly in the main part of the mold.
-
La présente invention et ses avantages apparaîtront mieux dans la description suivante de deux modes de réalisation donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels:
- la
figure 1 représente une vue en perspective d'un élément précontraint selon une première variante de réalisation de l'invention dont seule une zone d'extrémité est représentée, et - la
figure 2 est une vue similaire à lafigure 1 d'un élément précontraint selon une seconde variante de réalisation ne faisant pas partie de l'invention dont seule une zone d'extrémité est représentée.
- the
figure 1 represents a perspective view of a prestressed element according to a first embodiment of the invention of which only an end zone is shown, and - the
figure 2 is a view similar to thefigure 1 a prestressed element according to a second embodiment not forming part of the invention of which only one end zone is shown.
- la
En référence à la
Les matériaux de remplissage, appelé premier matériau de remplissage 2 et second matériau de remplissage 3 peuvent consister en des bétons de types différents. Plus particulièrement, le second matériau de remplissage 3 présente une résistance mécanique, et notamment une résistance à la traction et à la compression supérieure à la celle du premier matériau de remplissage 2. Par exemple, le second matériau de remplissage 3 peut consister en un béton dit hautes performances ou un béton à très hautes performances ou un béton dit ultra-hautes performances. Le second matériau de remplissage 3 peut également comprendre des fibres, par exemple, métalliques ou polymères ou un mélange des deux. L'adjonction de fibres permet d'augmenter encore la résistance à la traction du second matériau de remplissage 3. De façon alternative, le second matériau de remplissage 3 peut comporter des cadres de frettage, qui seront décrits plus loin, et/ou des fibres pour augmenter la résistance à la traction. Il en résulte que les efforts d'éclatement et de fendage associés à l'introduction de la précontrainte peuvent être repris par le second matériau de remplissage 3 comportant des fibres ou à la fois par le second matériau de remplissage 3 comportant ou non des fibres et par des cadres de frettage 55b. Dans un exemple de réalisation, le second matériau de remplissage 3 peut être un béton fibré à ultra-hautes performances comportant des fibres métalliques. Le premier matériau de remplissage 2 peut consister en un béton dit classique. En général, le béton classique ou ordinaire formant le premier matériau de remplissage 2 présente une résistance à la compression comprise entre 16 à 80 MPa. Les bétons à hautes performances, très hautes performances et ultra-hautes performances qui peuvent former le second matériau de remplissage 3 présentent une résistance à la compression comprise entre 65 et 250 MPa. Par exemple, un béton fibré à ultra-hautes performances comportant des fibres métalliques présente une résistance à la compression comprise entre 150 MPa et 250 MPa.The filling materials, called the
L'armature de précontrainte 40 peut consister en une pièce linéaire comme un câble ou un toron ou une barre. Elle est de préférence en métal, à haute limite élastique. En outre, l'armature de précontrainte 40 est agencée pour être mise sous tension, par des moyens de mise sous tension, par exemple, au moyen de vérins, puis pour être relâchée et transmettre la tension aux matériaux de remplissage 2, 3. Elle comporte deux extrémités 41 opposées correspondantes aux extrémités de l'élément précontraint et s'étend parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal dudit élément précontraint. Généralement, un élément est précontraint par une pluralité d'armatures de précontrainte disposées parallèlement entre elles et réparties uniformément ou non à l'intérieur de l'élément en fonction des contraintes à supporter.The
La pièce d'interface peut consister dans une première variante de réalisation en une plaque 50a. La surface de la plaque 50a correspond sensiblement à la section de l'élément précontraint 10a. En outre, la plaque 50a comporte une pluralité d'ouvertures 51a agencées pour être traversées respectivement par une armature de précontrainte 40. Dans l'exemple représenté à la
Dans la première variante de réalisation de l'invention illustrée à la
Comme l'illustre la
Dans la seconde variante de réalisation ne faisant pas partie de l'invention illustrée à la
Il ressort clairement de cette description que l'invention permet d'atteindre les buts fixés, à savoir proposer un élément précontraint dont la résistance mécanique est améliorée dans au moins une de ses zones d'extrémité.It is clear from this description that the invention achieves the goals set, namely to provide a prestressed member whose mechanical strength is improved in at least one of its end zones.
L'élément précontraint 10a, 10b peut, par exemple, trouver une application dans le domaine du bâtiment ou du génie civil.The
Un élément précontraint 10a par pré-tension en matériau de remplissage notamment en béton avec des armatures de précontrainte 40 selon le premier mode de réalisation de la présente invention en référence à la
- l'on dispose au moins un ferraillage de manière optionnelle (non représenté) dans un moule,
- l'on dispose
une plaque 50a qui comporte une pluralité d'ouvertures 51a dans le moule pour délimiter une zone d'extrémité du moule par rapport à une partie principale du moule, - l'on dispose plusieurs armatures de précontrainte 40 dans le moule au travers des ouvertures 51a de la
plaque 50a, - l'on fixe les extrémités des armatures de précontrainte 40 à des moyens de mise en tension disposés au-delà des extrémités du moule,
- l'on applique une tension aux armatures de précontrainte 40,
- l'on coule un premier matériau de remplissage 2 dans la partie principale du moule,
- l'on coule un second matériau de remplissage 3 dans la zone d'extrémité du moule,
- l'on relâche la tension des armatures de précontrainte 40 après le durcissement des premier et second matériaux de remplissage 2 et 3,
- l'on démoule l'élément précontraint 10a obtenu.
- at least one optional reinforcement is available (not shown) in a mold,
- a
plate 50a is provided which has a plurality ofopenings 51a in the mold for defining an end zone of the mold with respect to a main part of the mold, -
several prestressing plates 40 are arranged in the mold through theopenings 51a of theplate 50a, - the ends of the
prestressing plates 40 are fixed to tensioning means arranged beyond the ends of the mold, - a tension is applied to the
prestressing reinforcements 40, - pouring a
first filling material 2 into the main part of the mold, - a second filling material 3 is poured into the end zone of the mold,
- the tension of the
prestressing reinforcements 40 is released after the first andsecond filler materials 2 and 3 have hardened, - the
prestressed element 10a obtained is demolded.
Pour obtenir, la variante de l'élément précontraint (non représentée), l'on dispose en plus d'une première plaque qui délimite une première zone d'extrémité à une première extrémité du moule, une seconde plaque qui délimite une seconde zone d'extrémité à l'autre extrémité du moule.To obtain the variant of the prestressed element (not shown), there is additionally a first plate which delimits a first end zone at a first end of the mold, a second plate which delimits a second zone of end at the other end of the mold.
Selon un second mode de réalisation ne faisant pas partie de l'invention, l'élément précontraint 10b en référence à la
- l'on dispose au moins un ferraillage (non représenté) dans un moule,
- l'on dispose plusieurs tubes de frettage 50b, fermés à leurs extrémités par des
plaques 52b qui comporte une ouverture 51b, à une des extrémités du moule délimitant au moins une zone d'extrémité du moule par rapport à une partie principale du moule, - l'on dispose un cadre de frettage autour des tubes de frettage 50b,
- l'on dispose plusieurs armatures de précontrainte 40 dans le moule M au travers des tubes de frettage par les ouvertures 51b des
plaques 52b, - l'on fixe les extrémités des armatures de précontrainte 40 aux extrémités du moule,
- l'on applique une tension aux extrémités des armatures de précontrainte 40,
- l'on coule un second matériau de remplissage 3 dans les tubes de frettage 50b par leurs orifices de remplissage 54b,
- l'on coule un premier matériau de remplissage 2 dans la partie principale du moule et autour des tubes de frettage 50b,
- l'on relâche la tension des armatures de précontrainte 40 après le durcissement des premier et second matériaux de remplissage 2 et 3.
- at least one reinforcement (not shown) is arranged in a mold,
- there are several hooping
tubes 50b, closed at their ends byplates 52b which has anopening 51b, at one end of the mold defining at least one end zone of the mold relative to a main part of the mold, - there is a hooping frame around the hooping
tubes 50b, -
several prestressing plates 40 are arranged in the mold M through the hooping tubes through theopenings 51b of theplates 52b, - the ends of the
tendons 40 are fixed to the ends of the mold, - a tension is applied to the ends of the
tendons 40, - a second filling material 3 is poured into the shrinking
tubes 50b by their fillingorifices 54b, - a
first filling material 2 is cast in the main part of the mold and around the hoopingtubes 50b, - the tension of the
prestressing reinforcements 40 is released after the first andsecond filling materials 2 and 3 have hardened.
La présente invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples de réalisation décrits mais s'étend à toute modification et variante selon les revendications annexes.The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described but extends to any modification and variant according to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
- Elongated prestressed element (10a) defining two opposite ends (13), made out of at least one filling material (2, 3), in particular concrete, and crossed by at least one prestressing armature (40) extending between said two ends (13) embedded in said filling material (2, 3), said prestressed element (10a) comprising at least one interface part (50a) crossed by said armature (40) and delimiting at least partly an end zone (11) of said prestressed element (10a) with respect to a main section (12) of said prestressed element (10a), said end zone (11) of said prestressed element (10a) comprising at least partly a second filling material (3), and said main section (12) of said prestressed element (10a) comprising a first filling material (2), second filling material (3) having a tensile and compressive strength higher than that of first filling material (2), characterized in that it comprises an interface part in the form of a plate (50a) arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of said prestressed element (10a) and whose cross-section corresponds to the cross-section of said prestressed element (10a) and delimiting said end zone (11) of said prestressed element (10a) with respect to said main section (12) of said prestressed element (10a) and in that said end zone (11) comprises said second filling material (3).
- Prestressed element according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a substantially parallelepipedic shape and comprises a plurality of prestressing armatures (40) that extend between said ends (13) of prestressed element (10a) and are parallel to each other.
- Prestressed element according to claim 2, characterized in that said plate (50a) comprises a plurality of openings (51a) arranged to be crossed respectively by one of said prestressing armatures (40).
- Prestressed element according to claim 3, characterized in that said plate (50a) is made of perforated sheet or of a wire grid.
- Prestressed element according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises two interface parts in the form of plates arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of said prestressed element, whose cross-section corresponds to the cross-section of said element and delimiting two end zones of said prestressed element with respect to said main section and in that said end zones comprise said second filling material.
- Prestressed element according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that first filling material (2) comprises classic concrete and in that second filling material (3) comprises so-called high-performance concrete or so-called very high-performance concrete or so-called ultra .high-performance concrete
- Prestressed element according to claim 6, characterized in that second filling material (3) includes fibers.
- Use of a prestressed element (10a) according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said prestressed element (10a) is used to form a post intended to be arranged in a precast concrete foundation block at said end zone (11).
- Method for producing a prestressed element (10a) out of filling material (2, 3), in particular concrete, comprising at least one prestressing armature (40) extending between the two opposite ends (13) of said prestressed element (10a) and comprising at least one filling material (2, 3) embedding said one prestressing armature (40), according any of claims 1 to 7, during which:- one places at least one interface part (50a) arranged to be crossed by at least one prestressing armature (40) in the mold and delimiting at least one end zone of the mold with respect to a main section of the mold,- one places at least one prestressing armature (40) in the mold through interface part (50a),- one fastens ends (41) of prestressing armatures (40) to tensioning means located beyond the ends of the mold,- one applies a tension at ends (41) of said prestressing armature (40),- one casts a second filling material (3) at least partly in the end zone of the mold delimited by said interface part (50a), and one casts a first filling material (2) at least in the main section of the mold,- one releases the tension of said prestressing armature (40) after the hardening of first and second filling materials (2, 3), characterized in that one places at least one interface part in the mold in the form of a plate (50a) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mold, in that one casts second filling material (3) in the end zone of the mold delimited by said plate (50a), and in that one casts first filling material (2) in the main section of the mold.
- Method for producing according to claim 9, characterized in that:- one places a plate (50a) comprising a plurality of openings (51a) in the mold to delimit an end zone of the mold with respect to a main section of the mold,- one arranges several of said prestressing armatures (40) in the mold through said openings (51a) of plate (50a),- one casts a first filling material (2) in the main section of the mold,- one casts a second filling material (3) in the end zone of the mold.
Priority Applications (1)
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PL15820452T PL3234276T3 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2015-12-10 | Prestressed element and method for producing a prestressed element |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1462417A FR3029952B1 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2014-12-15 | PRECONTRATED ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PRECONTRATED ELEMENT |
PCT/EP2015/079220 WO2016096592A1 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2015-12-10 | Prestressed element and method for producing a prestressed element |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3234276A1 EP3234276A1 (en) | 2017-10-25 |
EP3234276B1 true EP3234276B1 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
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EP15820452.9A Active EP3234276B1 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2015-12-10 | Prestressed element and method for producing a prestressed element |
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EP (1) | EP3234276B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3029952B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3234276T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016096592A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB707144A (en) * | 1951-02-26 | 1954-04-14 | Stressed Concrete Design Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the construction of pre-stressed concrete |
DE1659131C3 (en) * | 1967-12-22 | 1974-09-05 | Intercontinentale-Technik Gesellschaft Fuer Planung Und Konstruktion Mbh, 8000 Muenchen | Tendon anchorage for concrete components and method for their application |
DE102007021690A1 (en) * | 2007-05-09 | 2008-11-27 | Viet Tue, Nguyen, Prof. Dr.-Ing.habil | Method for manufacturing anchorage construction, involves lying tendons in group independently of their size in any place with help of anchor body on short lengths |
KR101146586B1 (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2012-05-16 | 한국건설기술연구원 | UHPC Anchor Block for Prestressed Tendon and Prestressed Concrete Member having such UHPC Ancho Block |
CN102493660B (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2014-01-01 | 湖南大学 | Anchoring method and anchoring tool for carbon fiber reinforced composite material prestressed bar |
-
2014
- 2014-12-15 FR FR1462417A patent/FR3029952B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-12-10 EP EP15820452.9A patent/EP3234276B1/en active Active
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WO2016096592A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
PL3234276T3 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
FR3029952B1 (en) | 2018-03-02 |
FR3029952A1 (en) | 2016-06-17 |
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