EP2294350A1 - Échangeur thermique - Google Patents

Échangeur thermique

Info

Publication number
EP2294350A1
EP2294350A1 EP09761401A EP09761401A EP2294350A1 EP 2294350 A1 EP2294350 A1 EP 2294350A1 EP 09761401 A EP09761401 A EP 09761401A EP 09761401 A EP09761401 A EP 09761401A EP 2294350 A1 EP2294350 A1 EP 2294350A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
passages
wall
openings
heat exchanger
thickness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09761401A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2294350B1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Bensel
Hicham Rouhana
Haymo BRÖDER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Behr GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Behr GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Behr GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2294350A1 publication Critical patent/EP2294350A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2294350B1 publication Critical patent/EP2294350B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49389Header or manifold making

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claims 1 and 10 and a method for producing a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 6. Furthermore, the invention relates to a motor vehicle air conditioning.
  • Heat exchangers are used to transfer heat from one fluid to another fluid. For example, heat is transferred from a heat exchanger to the ambient air by a heat exchanger. This is used in particular in motor vehicles, in which the heat exchanger serves to deliver the exhaust heat released by the internal combustion engine to the ambient air.
  • the heat exchanger generally consists of two manifolds, between which a plurality of tubes is arranged. In the headers openings are introduced, in which the pipes open. The tubes are fluid-tightly connected to the openings of the headers.
  • the openings in the headers are made by punching or piercing. When punching through a wall of the manifold, the opening is punched through, so that that portion of the wall, which forms the later opening, is removed.
  • the bearing surface of the tubes in the openings of the collecting tubes thus corresponds to the thickness of the wall of the collecting tube in the region of the opening.
  • When piercing the openings through the wall of the collecting tube forms an annular passage at the openings, which corresponds to the deformed wall of the collecting tube in the partial area.
  • the partial area is that area of the wall of the collecting tube which corresponds after production to the opening.
  • the passage, which corresponds to the wall of the collecting tube in the region of the openings is substantially not stretched in the piercing, but only bent. This corresponds to a cross-section z.
  • the length of the passage or the bearing surface of the tube at the opening has a significant influence on the mechanical stress on the connection between the tube and the manifold.
  • Mechanical stress on this connection results, for example, from thermal stresses due to high compressive and / or tensile forces or expansions in the tubes or the manifold, as well as bending superpositions and bends or deformations of the tubes or the manifold.
  • This can damage, especially leaks, arise at the connection between the pipe and the manifold, resulting in failure of the heat exchanger.
  • This is generally associated with high costs, because a repair of the heat exchanger is not possible and this must be replaced.
  • the leakage of the heat exchanger leads to a loss of cooling fluid, so that the drive with the motor vehicle must be interrupted.
  • EP 0 990 868 B1 shows a generic heat exchanger.
  • the thickness of the passages in which the tubes are inserted corresponds to the thickness of the wall of the collecting tube outside the openings for introducing the tubes.
  • only in a portion of the passage in the direction of an axis of the openings creates a contact between the passages and the tubes.
  • only a small bearing surface of the tube is present at the passage, so that there is only a low mechanical strength in this important connection region between the tube and the manifold.
  • a collection plate has openings into which the ends of flat tubes are inserted, which are connected by soldering to the wall of the collection plate. To facilitate this connection, each hole is surrounded by a collar.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the mechanical strength between the pipes and the manifold in a heat exchanger, an automotive air conditioning system and a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger and the motor vehicle air conditioning system are to be manufactured inexpensively and in - A - drove reliable and safe work.
  • the method for producing a heat exchanger should be simple and inexpensive to run.
  • a heat exchanger in particular a heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, comprising a plurality of tubes, at least one collecting tube having a wall and openings in the wall and at the openings, projecting from the wall in the axial direction of the openings, preferably annular, Passages are formed, wherein the tubes are arranged in the region of one end of the tube partially on the passages and a fluid-tight connection between the passages and the tubes, so that a fluid through the tubes and the at least one collecting tube is conductive, at least one inlet opening to Introducing the fluid and at least one outlet opening for discharging the fluid, wherein the thickness of the passages is smaller than the thickness of the wall, in particular in the region of the openings, of the collecting tube.
  • the tube or the opening is in cross section, for example, circular, rectangular or square.
  • the thickness of the passages decreases from the beginning of the passages on the wall of the collecting tube to one end of the passages, preferably continuously.
  • the end of the passage can either end in the flow space of the manifold, d. H. in the same way as the end of the tube, which is arranged in the collecting tube or ends outside the collecting tube, ie. H. the end of the passage ends in the opposite direction than that end of the tube which is arranged in the collecting pipe.
  • the thickness of the passages from a start at the bottom to a tip of the passages is at least
  • the thickness of the passages from a beginning at the bottom to 0.8 times the total length of the passage in front of a tip is less than 0.9 times the thickness of the wall, in particular in the region of the openings, of the collecting tube ,
  • the maximum length of the passages is greater than half, in particular greater than 1, 1 to 3 times the half, of the minimum diameter of the openings.
  • the wall of the collecting tube in the portion of the later opening is formed or bent to the passage and further the passage is stretched.
  • the maximum length of the passage is greater than half the minimum diameter of the opening.
  • the minimum diameter of the opening corresponds to the width of the opening.
  • the length of the passage is greater than half the width of the opening, because the wall of the manifold is stretched during the production of the passage.
  • a circular cross-section tube or opening half of the minimum diameter thus corresponds to the radius of the opening.
  • the tubes are cohesively, preferably by means of soldering, fluid-tight with the passages, in particular liquid-tight, connected.
  • the tubes and / or the at least one collecting tube consist at least partially of aluminum and / or aluminum alloys and / or of plastic.
  • the manifold can also be designed in several parts.
  • the collecting pipe may consist of a base of metal, in particular aluminum, and of a box of plastic.
  • the box is formed in cross section, for example, U-shaped and secured in grooves of the soil.
  • the fluid-tight connection between the box and the floor is made by means of a seal in the gutter.
  • a flow space is formed between the bottom and the box.
  • the collecting tube may for example consist of a cross-sectionally approximately U-shaped bottom and a lid. Both the bottom and the lid are made of metal, especially aluminum. On the lid, a groove is formed, by means of which the lid is fluid-tightly connected to the ground.
  • the seal between the gutter of the lid and the floor is generally done without a separate seal.
  • a method for producing a heat exchanger with the steps of creating pipes, at least partially creating at least one collecting tube with a wall, piercing a portion of the wall of the at least one collecting tube to openings with passages, introducing the tubes into the openings and fluid-tight connection of the tubes with the passages, the wall of the at least one collecting tube is stretched before the piercing in the sub-areas to characteristics, so that the thickness of the passages is less than the thickness of the wall of the collecting tube in the sub-regions before stretching.
  • the passages are stretched such that the thickness of the passages from a start at the bottom to a peak of the passages is at least 10% of the thickness of the wall, in particular in the region of the openings of the collector tube, the length of the tip the passages is at least 10% of the thickness of the wall, in particular in the region of the openings, of the collecting tube.
  • the stretching of the wall of the at least one collecting tube in the partial regions is carried out in a separate operation before piercing. The stretching of the wall of the at least one collecting tube is thus carried out in time before the piercing.
  • the stretching can be carried out both in a partial region of the wall of the at least one collecting tube, in which the later opening arises, as well as beyond this region. If the stretching of the wall is carried out beyond this partial area, the thickness of the wall of the collecting tube is considered to be that part which is not stretched. In the partial area, this results in an expression when the wall is stretched.
  • the stretching of the wall of the at least one collecting tube in the partial regions is carried out with a tool other than the piercing.
  • the portion of the collecting tube, where the openings are embossed and pierced, may have different shapes.
  • the manifold may be flat or curved in this area.
  • a heat exchanger in particular heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, comprising a plurality of tubes, at least one collecting tube with openings at which the tubes are partially disposed in the region of one end of the tubes and fluid-tightly connected to the openings, wherein the collecting tube of a bottom and a Box is formed and the openings are formed in the bottom and one end of the box is received by a formed in the bottom groove for connection the box with the bottom, at least one inlet opening for introducing a fluid and at least one outlet opening for discharging the fluid, wherein between an outer side of the channel and the outside of the tubes, in particular between the seal and a tube axis of the tube, a material-locking connection.
  • the cohesive connection preferably consists indirectly between the two outer sides by means of a material, for. As soldering material, for the production of the cohesive connection.
  • the cohesive connection is a soldering and / or a joint connection.
  • a solder joint between the outside of the channel and the outside of the tube, in particular a narrow side of the tube, with a rectangular cross-section tube, there is a small distance in the range for example between 0 and 2 mm between the outside of the channel and the outside of the tube , As a result, when soldering, the soldering material can ascend capillary or be inserted in the region between the outside of the channel and the outside of the tube.
  • the outside of the channel in the region of the cohesive connection is formed substantially parallel to the outside of the at least one tube.
  • passages are formed wherein the tubes are arranged in the region of one end of the tubes to the passages and a fluid-tight connection between the passages and the tubes.
  • An automotive air conditioning system or a motor vehicle comprises the heat exchanger described in this application.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section A-A of a collecting tube with a tube of the heat exchanger according to FIG. 1 in a first embodiment
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section A-A of the manifold with the tube of the
  • FIG. 4 shows a partial longitudinal section of a bottom of the collecting tube according to FIG. 2 before the introduction of openings for the tubes, FIG.
  • Fig. 5 shows the partial longitudinal section of the bottom of FIG. 4 after the introduction of the openings
  • Fig. 6 is a view of the openings in the direction of an axis of the openings.
  • Fig. 1 is a view of a heat exchanger 1 is shown. Between two headers 3, a plurality of tubes 2 are arranged. The two manifolds 3 are connected to each other at the top and bottom with a connecting flange 26. Between the tubes 2 corrugated fins 4 are formed, which connect the tubes 2 both mechanically and thermally. The corrugated fins 4 serve to enlarge the surface of the heat exchanger 1 and thereby increase the heat transfer.
  • An inlet opening 5 and an outlet opening 6 are formed on the collection tube 3 shown on the right in FIG.
  • the heat exchanger 1 serves to emit in a motor vehicle, the heat of the cooling liquid to the environment. Cooling liquid thus flows into the heat exchanger 1 through the inlet opening 5 and flows through the outlet opening 6 and is cooled down.
  • the two manifolds 3 each consist of a bottom 9 made of aluminum and a box 10 made of plastic, in which the Inlet opening 5 and the outlet opening 6 are formed.
  • the rectangular cross-section tubes 2 open into the bottom 9 of the manifold 3. This results in a hydraulic connection between the two manifolds 3 and the tubes 2.
  • One end of the tube 2 terminates in the flow space 25th
  • the bottom 9 and the box 10 include a flow space 25 for the cooling liquid ( Figures 2 and 3).
  • the box 10 is substantially U-shaped in cross-section.
  • the bottom 9 is provided in cross-section at the ends in each case with a groove 21.
  • a seal 12 is arranged in the groove 21, a seal 12 is arranged.
  • the seal 12, an elastic part, serves to connect the bottom 9 in a liquid-tight manner to the box 10.
  • openings 13 are formed, in which the tubes 2 are arranged with tube axes 31.
  • An opening wall 14 of the collecting tube 3 or the bottom 9 has been transformed into a passage 7.
  • the end of the passage 7 terminates in the flow space 25 of the collecting tube 3.
  • the passage 7 thus represents the former opening wall 14 of the bottom 9 (FIG. 5), which has been transformed into the passage 7.
  • an expression 27 is applied by means of a punch.
  • the portion 20 corresponds to a portion of the wall 8, which is formed into the passage 7.
  • the portion 20 is in Fig. 4 that portion of the wall 8, which is formed within the dotted line.
  • the characteristics 27 are also shown by dashed lines in Fig. 4. Due to this embodiment of the forms 27, the wall 8 is stretched in the portion 20 corresponding to the later passage 7, so that the thickness 16 of the passage 7 is less than the thickness 17 of the wall 8 of the bottom 7 in the undeformed area , ie outside of the sub-area 20 or the thickness 17 of the opening walls 14.
  • the opening 13 After the imprint is made by means of a piercing tool, the opening 13.
  • the wall 8 of the bottom 9 is bent within the portion 20, so that the shape shown in Fig. 2 and 5 of the passage 7 results.
  • the thickness 17 of the wall 8 of the bottom 9 is thus greater than the thickness 16 of the passage 9.
  • the tip 15 is formed in cross-section substantially triangular.
  • the thickness of the passage 7 in front of the tip 15 is for example 20 to 30% of the thickness 17 of the wall 8 of the bottom 9 before deformation.
  • a solder joint 23 cohesive connection 22 (Fig. 2).
  • the plane of the drawing is parallel to a plane of a broad side wall of the pipe 2 and perpendicular to a plane of a narrow side wall 28 of the pipe 2.
  • the length 18 of the passage 7 is greater than half of the minimum diameter 29 of the opening 13 because the wall 8 of the bottom 9 has been stretched in the portion 20 in the formation of the passage 7.
  • the opening 13 is also rectangular according to the rectangular cross-section of the tube 2.
  • the length 18 of the passage 7 is greater than half the width of the opening 13.
  • a diameter 19 of the opening 13 is slightly smaller than a corresponding outer diameter (not shown) of the tube 2.
  • the distance between the passage 7 and the tube 2 is for example in the range between 0.2 and 1 mm, so that the soldering material can penetrate capillary into this gap , If the tubes 2 and the bottom 9 are plated with a solder and the solder joint is made in a brazing furnace, no clearance is required.
  • the thickness of the passage 7 decreases steadily from the beginning of the passage 7 on the wall 8 of the bottom 9 and the collecting tube 3 to the end of the passage 7 at the top 15 of the passage 7. This results from the production of the passage 7.
  • the central region is stretched more than the edge region of the portion 20 in the vicinity of the undeformed or stretched wall 8 of the bottom 9. Further If the draft 7 is also stretched when piercing, this stretch is also stronger here in the area of the end of the draft 7 than at the beginning of the pass 7.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial longitudinal section of the bottom 9 after piercing the portion 20 is shown.
  • the passages 7 are formed parallel to an axis 24 of the opening 13.
  • FIG. 6 shows a view of the openings 13 in the direction of an axis of the openings.
  • the openings 13 are rectangular and have a minimum diameter 29 and a maximum diameter 30.
  • a second embodiment of the manifold 3 of the heat exchanger 1 is shown.
  • the bottom 9 is designed in such a way that there is a small distance in the range between 0 and 2 mm between an outer side of the channel 21 and the tube 2.
  • this gap with a thickness between 0 and 2 mm there is formed as a solder joint 23 cohesive connection 22.
  • the thickness of this gap between the outside of the channel 21 and the outside of the tube 2 is preferably 0.2 to 0.8 mm, so that the soldering material for the solder joint 23 can expand capillary in the gap and rise.
  • the tube 2 is thus advantageously additionally connected to the bottom 9 and thereby the strength of the mechanical connection between the tube 2 and the bottom 9 and the manifold 3 increases.
  • Mechanical stress resulting in particular from thermal deformation of the heat exchanger 1 can be better absorbed. Damage to the heat exchanger 1, resulting from damage to the connection between the pipe 2 and the manifold 3, can thereby be reduced.
  • the passage 7 is stretched so that the length 18 of the passage 7 is stretched in the direction of the axis 24 of the opening 13. This increases the formed as a solder joint 23 contact surface between the tube 2 and the passage 7.
  • the mechanical stresses on the connection between the tube 2 and the passage 7, which in particular result from thermal deformation of the heat exchanger 1, can be easily absorbed. Resultant damage to the heat exchanger 1, for example, leaks at the connection between the pipe 2 and the passage 7, can thereby be substantially reduced.
  • the larger contact surface thus leads to a larger contact surface and supporting surface of the tube 2 on the passage 7. This allows the reliability of a heat exchanger 1 according to the invention and a motor vehicle air conditioning system according to the invention can be significantly increased.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un échangeur thermique, en particulier un échangeur thermique pour un véhicule automobile, comprenant une pluralité de tubes (2), au moins un tube collecteur (3) possédant une paroi (8) et des ouvertures (13) ménagées dans la paroi (8), ainsi que des traversées (7) appliquées sur les ouvertures (13) et faisant saillie par rapport à la paroi (8) dans la direction axiale des ouvertures (13). Les tubes (2), au niveau d'une extrémité (11) des tubes (2), sont pour partie montés dans les traversées (7) afin de former une liaison étanche aux fluides entre les traversées (7) et les tubes (2), si bien qu'un fluide peut être conduit dans les tubes (2) et dans ledit au moins un tube collecteur (3). L'échangeur thermique comprend en outre au moins une ouverture d'entrée (5) pour l'introduction du fluide et au moins une ouverture d'évacuation (6) pour l'évacuation du fluide. L'objectif de l'invention est d'améliorer la résistance mécanique entre les tubes (2) et ledit au moins un tube collecteur (3). Cet objectif est atteint du fait que l'épaisseur (16) des traversées (7) est inférieure à l'épaisseur (17) de la paroi (8), en particulier au niveau des ouvertures (13) du tube collecteur (3).
EP09761401.0A 2008-06-10 2009-05-29 Échangeur de chaleur Active EP2294350B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008027551 2008-06-10
DE102008052590 2008-10-21
PCT/EP2009/003847 WO2009149838A1 (fr) 2008-06-10 2009-05-29 Échangeur thermique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2294350A1 true EP2294350A1 (fr) 2011-03-16
EP2294350B1 EP2294350B1 (fr) 2021-03-31

Family

ID=41059312

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09761401.0A Active EP2294350B1 (fr) 2008-06-10 2009-05-29 Échangeur de chaleur

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20110139424A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2294350B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2011523998A (fr)
CN (1) CN102057245A (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0915002A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009022983A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2010153607A (fr)
WO (1) WO2009149838A1 (fr)

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DE102010003631A1 (de) * 2010-04-01 2011-10-06 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metallteils
DE102011075071A1 (de) * 2011-05-02 2012-11-08 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmetauscher, insbesondere Ladeluftkühler
DE102011076225A1 (de) 2011-05-20 2012-11-22 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmetauscher
JP6197338B2 (ja) * 2012-04-04 2017-09-20 株式会社デンソー 熱交換器
DE102012217870A1 (de) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-17 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmeübertrager
CN104019691B (zh) * 2012-09-28 2017-04-26 马勒国际公司 热交换器
CN103033072B (zh) * 2012-12-26 2014-06-11 陕西宝成航空仪表有限责任公司 翅管式换热器
SE1551304A1 (sv) 2013-03-12 2015-10-09 Lockheed Corp Process of friction stir welding on tube end joints and a product produced thereby
DE102013208424A1 (de) * 2013-05-07 2014-11-13 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Boden für einen Wärmetauscher, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Bodens
DE102013208425A1 (de) * 2013-05-07 2014-11-13 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmetauscher, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug
US10371464B2 (en) 2015-07-07 2019-08-06 Mahle International Gmbh Tube header for heat exchanger
JP6547576B2 (ja) * 2015-10-15 2019-07-24 株式会社デンソー 熱交換器
CN108959822B (zh) * 2018-08-01 2023-06-06 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 一种减小热结构内部热应力作用的设计方法

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DD211225A3 (de) 1982-05-17 1984-07-04 Umform & Plastverarb Fz Boden fuer den tank eines rohrwaermetauschers und werkzeug zu dessen herstellung
DE4129573C2 (de) * 1991-09-06 1997-10-23 Behr Gmbh & Co Wärmetauscher
FR2739680B1 (fr) 1995-10-06 1997-12-05 Valeo Thermique Moteur Sa Echangeur de chaleur, en particulier radiateur d'air de suralimentation pour vehicule automobile
FR2752930B1 (fr) * 1996-08-29 1998-11-13 Valeo Thermique Moteur Sa Collecteur a collets, a base d'aluminium, pour echangeur de chaleur, notamment de vehicule automobile
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102057245A (zh) 2011-05-11
JP2011523998A (ja) 2011-08-25
EP2294350B1 (fr) 2021-03-31
US20110139424A1 (en) 2011-06-16
RU2010153607A (ru) 2012-07-20
BRPI0915002A2 (pt) 2015-10-27
WO2009149838A1 (fr) 2009-12-17
DE102009022983A1 (de) 2009-12-17

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