EP2287984B1 - Surge absorbers - Google Patents
Surge absorbers Download PDFInfo
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- EP2287984B1 EP2287984B1 EP09009408A EP09009408A EP2287984B1 EP 2287984 B1 EP2287984 B1 EP 2287984B1 EP 09009408 A EP09009408 A EP 09009408A EP 09009408 A EP09009408 A EP 09009408A EP 2287984 B1 EP2287984 B1 EP 2287984B1
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- surge absorber
- spark gap
- granulate
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- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title claims 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009118 appropriate response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/16—Series resistor structurally associated with spark gap
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
- H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C8/00—Non-adjustable resistors consisting of loose powdered or granular conducting, or powdered or granular semi-conducting material
- H01C8/04—Overvoltage protection resistors; Arresters
Definitions
- the invention relates to a surge arrester having at least one spark gap and an electrical element connected in series, wherein the electrical element consists of a component with two electrodes, between which a granulate of electrically conductive material is arranged, which electrically conductively connects the electrodes, wherein the granulate holding space is surrounded by a heat-resistant Isolierstoffhülle.
- Surge arresters in particular lightning current arresters, which have a spark-current-carrying spark gap with a plurality of spark gaps connected in series, are known in the prior art. Such devices are used to prevent damage due to a lightning strike or other overvoltage case.
- the spark gaps are used for transient equipotential bonding, whereby the subsequent follow-on current should also be deleted.
- the previous solutions are based on the fact that several spark gaps are connected in series in order to improve the sequence current extinguishing capability. However, this results in an undesirable increase in the response voltage. The more spark gaps are connected in series, the greater the response voltage of the system.
- a capacitive control of the spark gaps can be used. Also in this case technical boundary conditions are given, which also increase the response voltage with an increase in the spark gap number. In addition, the circuit complexity due to the large number of spark gaps and possibly required additional circuit measures, such as capacitive controls, consuming.
- the first spark gap which is thus connected directly to the live conductor, so formed and their anode and cathode formed by the electrodes spaced such that a corresponding response voltage is achieved.
- a short-circuit current flows after ignition and at each following spark gap, a high voltage drop builds up, which adds up by the plurality of spark gaps, so that according to the number of spark gaps, the arc voltage is greater than the mains voltage, so that no Netz Steinstrom arises.
- varistors for example, in the DE 10 2006 031 229 B3 described, heats the element, in particular the varistor in case of excessive stress due to a corresponding overvoltage.
- the corresponding surge arrester for example the varistor, is then no longer functional and must be replaced.
- the present invention seeks to provide a surge arrester, which forms a system with as possible only a spark gap and thus appropriate response and has the Folgestromlösch tiles a multiple spark gap.
- the invention proposes that the granules are arranged in bulk in the space formed between the electrodes and the Isolierstoffhülle, and that the granules consist of graphite grains or balls.
- the component with the two electrodes and the intervening granules of electrically conductive material is very low impedance before the current flow in the event of an overvoltage event.
- an overvoltage event such as a lightning strike
- many small spark gaps are ignited between the granules, so that at the corresponding current load due to the reverse voltages of the numerous transitions between the granules high attenuation of the Net sequence current is reached, so that the follower current goes out.
- the corresponding temperature-resistant Isolierstoffhülle is provided.
- such a component is to be connected in series with a spark gap having a correspondingly low response level, for example between the phase conductors and the PE conductors of a protected system. Due to this design, the problem is completely solved because the single-spark gap is an element in the form of the component connected in series, which is very low impedance before the current flow and during the current flow high counter-tension or damping developed to the single-spark gap the Allow deletion of the follow-on stream.
- a loose bed is required to ensure a distance between the granules which allows the formation of small arcs between the granules.
- the bed must be sufficient within the space that is surrounded by the Isolierstoffhülle to ensure contact of the granules with the electrodes at different positions of the element.
- the electrodes have protrusions protruding into the space.
- the granules have a grain size of 0.4 to 1.6 mm.
- the Isolierstoffhülle consists of ceramic or glass.
- a lower limit is given by that, when the grain is very fine, very little air remains between the particles, so that the desired effect may not be achieved or only insufficiently achieved.
- An upper limit is given by the fact that the largest possible number of granules should be arranged in the corresponding space.
- surge arrester with a plurality of spark gaps connected in series and to complete these series-connected with an electrical element specified type.
- the electrodes consist of graphite.
- the one electrode of the component forms an electrode of the spark gap.
- an annular insulator is applied to the electrodes, which forms the one electrode of the spark gap, on which the second electrode of the spark gap is placed.
- the electrodes of the component and the spark gap are cylindrical and the insulating material is a tube which is connected to the electrodes of the component.
- the annular insulator between the electrodes of the spark gap is made of heat-resistant material, in particular PTFE or ceramic.
- FIG. 1 shows a corresponding surge arrester seen in the central longitudinal section.
- This surge arrester consists of a spark gap 1, which is connected via connecting conductors to, for example, a phase conductor at I and a PE conductor at II of an AC voltage network. In series with the spark gap, an electrical element is connected.
- This element consists of a component 2 with two electrodes 3,4, between which a granulate 5 of electrically conductive material is arranged, through which the electrodes 3,4 are electrically conductively connected to each other.
- the granulate 5 holding space is surrounded by a temperature-resistant Isolierstoffhülle 6.
- the granules 5 are arranged in bulk in the space formed between the electrodes 3, 4 and the insulating sleeve 6.
- the electrodes 3, 4 preferably have protrusions 7, 8 protruding into the space, in order to ensure that the electrodes 3, 4 are in contact with the constituents of the granules 5 in each use position of the element.
- the granules consist of spherical or granular particles, preferably graphite grains or graphite balls, with a grain size of the order of 0.4-1.6 mm being preferred.
- the Isolierstoffhülle 6 is made of ceramic or glass, while the electrodes 3,4 made of graphite.
- the one electrode 3 of the component 2 forms an electrode of the spark gap, whose other electrode is indicated at 9.
- the electrode 3 which forms both an electrode of the component 2, and an electrode of the spark gap 1, and the electrode 9 is a preferably annular Insulator 10, arranged for example of PTFE. Due to the distance between the electrodes 9 and 3, the ignition behavior of the spark gap 1 can be set to the desired level.
- the extinguishing behavior is determined solely by the component 2, which can be adjusted according to its determination in diameter and / or in length in a quenching behavior, so that a corresponding amount and distribution of granules 5 is achieved.
- the electrode 9 is preferably made of graphite.
- the electrodes 3 and 4 with the insulating material sheath 6 form an interconnected closed element which contains or comprises the granules 5.
- the surge arrester according to the invention has a low response voltage, wherein a high counter voltage is built up when igniting because of the granules of the granules 5 many small spark gaps are formed by flashovers. As a result, however, the response voltage of the spark gap 1 is not affected or increased.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Überspannungsableiter mit mindestens einer Funkenstrecke und einem dazu in Reihe geschalteten elektrischen Element, wobei das elektrische Element aus einem Bauteil mit zwei Elektroden besteht, zwischen denen ein Granulat aus elektrisch leitfähigem Werkstoff angeordnet ist, welches die Elektroden elektrisch leitend miteinander verbindet, wobei der das Granulat haltende Raum von einer temperaturfesten Isolierstoffhülle umgeben ist.The invention relates to a surge arrester having at least one spark gap and an electrical element connected in series, wherein the electrical element consists of a component with two electrodes, between which a granulate of electrically conductive material is arranged, which electrically conductively connects the electrodes, wherein the granulate holding space is surrounded by a heat-resistant Isolierstoffhülle.
Im Stand der Technik sind Überspannungsableiter, insbesondere Blitzstromableiter bekannt, die eine blitzstromtragfähige Funkenstrecke mit mehreren in Reihe geschalteten Funkenstrecken aufweisen. Solche Einrichtungen werden zur Vermeidung von Schäden infolge eines Blitzeinschlages oder eines sonstigen Überspannungsfalles eingesetzt. Die Funkenstrecken werden zum transienten Potentialausgleich eingesetzt, wobei auch der nachfolgende Netzfolgestrom gelöscht werden soll. Die bisherigen Lösungen beruhen darauf, dass mehrere Funkenstrecken in Reihe geschaltet werden, um das Folgestrom-Löschvermögen zu verbessern. Daraus resultiert aber eine unerwünschte Erhöhung der Ansprechspannung. Je mehr Funkenstrecken in Reihe geschaltet werden, desto größer ist die Ansprechspannung des Systems.Surge arresters, in particular lightning current arresters, which have a spark-current-carrying spark gap with a plurality of spark gaps connected in series, are known in the prior art. Such devices are used to prevent damage due to a lightning strike or other overvoltage case. The spark gaps are used for transient equipotential bonding, whereby the subsequent follow-on current should also be deleted. The previous solutions are based on the fact that several spark gaps are connected in series in order to improve the sequence current extinguishing capability. However, this results in an undesirable increase in the response voltage. The more spark gaps are connected in series, the greater the response voltage of the system.
Um die Ansprechspannung und damit den Schutzpegel zu reduzieren kann beispielsweise eine kapazitive Steuerung der Funkenstrecken eingesetzt werden. Auch hierbei sind technische Grenzbedingungen gegeben, die bei einer Erhöhung der Funkenstreckenanzahl ebenfalls die Ansprechspannung erhöhen. Zudem ist der schaltungstechnische Aufwand durch die Vielzahl der Funkenstrecken und die gegebenenfalls erforderlichen zusätzlichen Schaltungsmaßnahmen, wie beispielsweise kapazitive Steuerungen, aufwendig.In order to reduce the response voltage and thus the protection level, for example, a capacitive control of the spark gaps can be used. Also in this case technical boundary conditions are given, which also increase the response voltage with an increase in the spark gap number. In addition, the circuit complexity due to the large number of spark gaps and possibly required additional circuit measures, such as capacitive controls, consuming.
Bei den bekannten Funkenstrecken wird ebenso, wie bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiter bei einem Blitzeinschlag zunächst durch die Überspannung zwischen PE (Erdleiter) und den spannungsführenden Leitern die Funkenstrecke gezündet, wenn die Ansprechspannung der Funkenstrecke erreicht ist.In the known spark gaps as well as in the surge arrester according to the invention in a lightning strike initially ignited by the overvoltage between PE (ground conductor) and the live conductors, the spark gap when the operating voltage of the spark gap is reached.
Bei den bekannten Systemen wird die erste Funkenstrecke, die also direkt an den spannungsführenden Leiter angeschlossen ist, so ausgebildet und deren durch die Elektroden gebildete Anode und Kathode derart beabstandet, dass eine entsprechende Ansprechspannung erreicht wird. Je geringer der Abstand der Elektroden, desto geringer ist die Ansprechspannung. Bei dem bekannten System fließt nach dem Zünden ein Kurzschlussstrom und an jeder folgenden Funkenstrecke baut sich ein hoher Spannungsabfall auf, der sich durch die Vielzahl der Funkenstrecken aufsummiert, so dass entsprechend der Anzahl der Funkenstrecken die Lichtbogenbrennspannung größer als die Netzspannung ist, so dass kein Netzfolgestrom entsteht.In the known systems, the first spark gap, which is thus connected directly to the live conductor, so formed and their anode and cathode formed by the electrodes spaced such that a corresponding response voltage is achieved. The smaller the distance between the electrodes, the lower the response voltage. In the known system, a short-circuit current flows after ignition and at each following spark gap, a high voltage drop builds up, which adds up by the plurality of spark gaps, so that according to the number of spark gaps, the arc voltage is greater than the mains voltage, so that no Netzfolgestrom arises.
Zum Stand der Technik wird beispielsweise auf die
Aus der
Bei solchen Varistoren, die beispielsweise in der
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Überspannungsableiter zu schaffen, der ein System mit möglichst nur einer Funkenstrecke und damit entsprechendem Ansprechverhalten bildet und das Folgestromlöschvermögen einer Mehrfachfunkenstrecke aufweist.Based on this prior art, the present invention seeks to provide a surge arrester, which forms a system with as possible only a spark gap and thus appropriate response and has the Folgestromlöschvermögen a multiple spark gap.
Zudem soll der Installationsaufwand und der Aufwand an elektrischen und elektronischen Bauteilen gemindert werden.In addition, the installation costs and the cost of electrical and electronic components should be reduced.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schlägt die Erfindung vor, dass das Granulat in loser Schüttung in dem zwischen den Elektroden und der Isolierstoffhülle ausgebildeten Raum angeordnet ist, und dass das Granulat aus Graphitkörnern oder -kugeln besteht.To achieve this object, the invention proposes that the granules are arranged in bulk in the space formed between the electrodes and the Isolierstoffhülle, and that the granules consist of graphite grains or balls.
Das Bauteil mit den beiden Elektroden und dem dazwischen befindlichen Granulat aus elektrisch leitfähigem Werkstoff ist vor dem Stromfluss im Falle eines Überspannungsereignisses sehr niederohmig. Im Falle eines Überspannungsereignisses, beispielsweise eines Blitzeinschlages, werden zwischen den Granulatkörnern viele kleine Funkenstrecken gezündet, so dass bei der entsprechenden Strombelastung, bedingt durch die Gegenspannungen der zahlreichen Übergänge zwischen den Granulatkörpern eine hohe Dämpfung des Netzfolgestroms erreicht wird, so dass der Netzfolgestrom erlischt.The component with the two electrodes and the intervening granules of electrically conductive material is very low impedance before the current flow in the event of an overvoltage event. In the case of an overvoltage event, such as a lightning strike, many small spark gaps are ignited between the granules, so that at the corresponding current load due to the reverse voltages of the numerous transitions between the granules high attenuation of the Net sequence current is reached, so that the follower current goes out.
Um den Zusammenhalt des Bauteiles, gebildet aus den Elektroden und dem leitfähigen Granulat, zu gewährleisten, ist die entsprechend temperaturfeste Isolierstoffhülle vorgesehen. In der einfachsten Form ist ein solches Bauteil in Reihe zu einer Funkenstrecke mit entsprechend niedrigem Ansprechpegel, beispielsweise zwischen den Phasenleiter und den PE-Leiter eines geschützten Systems, anzuschließen. Durch diese Ausbildung wird die Aufgabe vollständig gelöst, da der Einfach-Funkenstrecke ein Element in Form des Bauteiles in Reihe geschaltet ist, das vor dem Stromfluss sehr niederohmig ist und während des Stromflusses eine hohe Gegenspannung bzw. Dämpfung entwickelt, um der Einfach-Funkenstrecke das Löschen des Folgestroms zu ermöglichen.In order to ensure the cohesion of the component, formed from the electrodes and the conductive granules, the corresponding temperature-resistant Isolierstoffhülle is provided. In the simplest form, such a component is to be connected in series with a spark gap having a correspondingly low response level, for example between the phase conductors and the PE conductors of a protected system. Due to this design, the problem is completely solved because the single-spark gap is an element in the form of the component connected in series, which is very low impedance before the current flow and during the current flow high counter-tension or damping developed to the single-spark gap the Allow deletion of the follow-on stream.
Eine lose Schüttung ist erforderlich, um einen Abstand zwischen den Granulatkörpern sicherzustellen, der die Ausbildung von kleinen Lichtbögen zwischen den Granulatkörnern ermöglicht. Die Schüttung muss aber innerhalb des Raumes, der von der Isolierstoffhülle umgeben ist, ausreichend sein, um bei unterschiedlichen Lagen des Elementes eine Kontaktierung des Granulates mit den Elektroden sicherzustellen.A loose bed is required to ensure a distance between the granules which allows the formation of small arcs between the granules. However, the bed must be sufficient within the space that is surrounded by the Isolierstoffhülle to ensure contact of the granules with the electrodes at different positions of the element.
Infolge des Einsatzes von Granulat in Form von Grafitkörner oder -kugeln wird erreicht, dass keine Verschmelzungen durch hohe Ströme und/oder Erwärmung auftreten kann.As a result of the use of granules in the form of graphite grains or spheres is achieved that no mergers can occur due to high currents and / or heating.
Hierzu ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, dass die Elektroden in den Raum hineinragende Vorsprünge aufweisen.For this purpose, it is preferably provided that the electrodes have protrusions protruding into the space.
Zudem ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass das Granulat eine Körnung von 0,4 - 1,6 mm aufweist.In addition, it is preferably provided that the granules have a grain size of 0.4 to 1.6 mm.
Des Weiteren ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die Isolierstoffhülle aus Keramik oder Glas besteht.Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the Isolierstoffhülle consists of ceramic or glass.
Bezüglich der Bemessung der Körnung ist wesentlich, dass eine untere Grenze dadurch gegeben ist, dass dann, wenn die Körnung sehr fein ist, sehr wenig Luft zwischen den Partikeln verbleibt, so dass der gewünschte Effekt möglicherweise nicht oder nur in unzureichendem Maße erreicht wird. Eine obere Grenze ist dadurch gegeben, dass eine möglichst große Anzahl von Granulatkörnern in dem entsprechenden Raum angeordnet sein soll.With regard to the design of the grain, it is essential that a lower limit is given by that, when the grain is very fine, very little air remains between the particles, so that the desired effect may not be achieved or only insufficiently achieved. An upper limit is given by the fact that the largest possible number of granules should be arranged in the corresponding space.
Weitere Parameter zur Einstellung der Löschwirkung sind der Durchmesser bzw. der Querschnitt der Isolierstoffhülle, die Länge der Isolierstoffhülle samt Granulatfüllung. Je nach Größe, also Dicke und/oder Länge der Isolierstoffhülle samt Granulat, wird durch dieses Bauteil eine kleinere oder größere Gegenspannung aufgebaut.Other parameters for setting the extinguishing effect are the diameter or cross section of the insulating material, the length of the insulating material, including granulate filling. Depending on the size, ie thickness and / or length of Isolierstoffhülle together with granules is through This component constructed a smaller or larger counter tension.
Es ist auch denkbar, den Überspannungsableiter mit mehreren in Reihe geschalteten Funkenstrecken auszubilden und diese mit einem elektrischen Element angegebener Bauart in Reihenschaltung zu komplettieren.It is also conceivable to form the surge arrester with a plurality of spark gaps connected in series and to complete these series-connected with an electrical element specified type.
Vorzugsweise ist zudem vorgesehen, dass die Elektroden aus Graphit bestehen.Preferably, it is also provided that the electrodes consist of graphite.
Um eine besonders kompakte Bauform der gesamten Funktionseinheit zu realisieren, kann vorgesehen sein, dass die eine Elektrode des Bauteiles eine Elektrode der Funkenstrecke bildet.In order to realize a particularly compact design of the entire functional unit, it can be provided that the one electrode of the component forms an electrode of the spark gap.
Hierbei ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass auf die Elektroden, die die eine Elektrode der Funkenstrecke bildet, ein ringförmiger Isolator aufgebracht ist, auf den die zweite Elektrode der Funkenstrecke aufgesetzt ist.Here, it is preferably provided that an annular insulator is applied to the electrodes, which forms the one electrode of the spark gap, on which the second electrode of the spark gap is placed.
Zudem ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die Elektroden des Bauteiles und der Funkenstrecke zylindrisch sind und die Isolierstoffhülle ein Rohr ist, welches an die Elektroden des Bauteils angeschlossen ist.In addition, it is preferably provided that the electrodes of the component and the spark gap are cylindrical and the insulating material is a tube which is connected to the electrodes of the component.
Der ringförmige Isolator zwischen den Elektroden der Funkenstrecke besteht aus wärmebeständigem Material, insbesondere PTFE oder auch Keramik.The annular insulator between the electrodes of the spark gap is made of heat-resistant material, in particular PTFE or ceramic.
Die besonders einfache Bauform des erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiters ist in der Zeichnung verdeutlicht.The particularly simple design of the surge arrester according to the invention is illustrated in the drawing.
Die
Dieser Überspannungsableiter besteht aus einer Funkenstrecke 1, die über Anschlussleiter an beispielsweise einen Phasenleiter bei I und einen PE-Leiter bei II eines Wechselspannungsnetzes angeschlossen ist. In Reihe zu der Funkenstrecke ist ein elektrisches Element geschaltet. Dieses Element besteht aus einem Bauteil 2 mit zwei Elektroden 3,4, zwischen denen ein Granulat 5 aus elektrisch leitfähigem Werkstoff angeordnet ist, durch welches die Elektroden 3,4 elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden sind. Der das Granulat 5 haltende Raum ist von einer temperaturfesten Isolierstoffhülle 6 umgeben.This surge arrester consists of a spark gap 1, which is connected via connecting conductors to, for example, a phase conductor at I and a PE conductor at II of an AC voltage network. In series with the spark gap, an electrical element is connected. This element consists of a component 2 with two
Das Granulat 5 ist in loser Schüttung in dem zwischen den Elektroden 3,4 und der Isolierstoffhülle 6 ausgebildeten Raum angeordnet. Vorzugsweise weisen die Elektroden 3,4 in den Raum hineinragende Vorsprünge 7,8 auf, um in jeder Gebrauchslage des Elementes eine Kontaktierung der Elektroden 3,4 mit den Bestandteilen des Granulates 5 sicherzustellen. Das Granulat besteht aus kugeligen oder körnigen Teilchen, vorzugsweise Graphitkörnern oder Graphitkugeln, wobei eine Körnung in der Größenordnung von 0,4 - 1,6 mm bevorzugt ist. Die Isolierstoffhülle 6 besteht aus Keramik oder Glas, während die Elektroden 3,4 aus Graphit bestehen. Im Ausführungsbeispiel bildet die eine Elektrode 3 des Bauteiles 2 eine Elektrode der Funkenstrecke, deren anderer Elektrode bei 9 angegeben ist. Zwischen der Elektrode 3, die sowohl eine Elektrode des Bauteiles 2 bildet, als auch eine Elektrode der Funkenstrecke 1, und der Elektrode 9 ist ein vorzugsweise ringförmiger Isolator 10, beispielsweise aus PTFE angeordnet. Durch den Abstand zwischen den Elektroden 9 und 3 kann das Zündverhalten der Funkenstrecke 1 auf das gewünschte Maß eingestellt werden. Das Löschverhalten wird allein durch das Bauteil 2 bestimmt, welches entsprechend seiner Bestimmung im Durchmesser und/oder in der Länge bei einem Löschverhalten angepasst werden kann, so dass eine entsprechende Menge und Verteilung von Granulat 5 erreicht wird.The
Auch die Elektrode 9 besteht vorzugsweise aus Graphit.The
Im Ausführungsbeispiel bilden die Elektroden 3 und 4 mit der Isolierstoffhülle 6 ein miteinander verbundenes geschlossenes Element, welches das Granulat 5 beinhaltet bzw. umfasst.In the exemplary embodiment, the
Der erfindungsgemäße Überspannungsableiter hat eine geringe Ansprechspannung, wobei beim Durchzünden eine hohe Gegenspannung aufgebaut wird, weil an den Granulatkörnern des Granulates 5 viele kleine Funkenstrecken durch Funkenüberschläge gebildet werden. Hierdurch wird aber die Ansprechspannung der Funkenstrecke 1 nicht beeinträchtigt oder angehoben.The surge arrester according to the invention has a low response voltage, wherein a high counter voltage is built up when igniting because of the granules of the
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt, sondern im Rahmen der Offenbarung vielfach variabel.The invention is not limited to the embodiment, but in the context of the disclosure often variable.
Alle neuen, in der Beschreibung und/oder Zeichnung offenbarten Einzel- und Kombinationsmerkmale werden als erfindungswesentlich angesehen.All new, disclosed in the description and / or drawing single and combination features are considered essential to the invention.
Claims (10)
- A surge absorber with at least one spark gap (1) and one electrical element connected to it in series, wherein the electrical element comprises a component (2) with two electrodes (3, 4) between which a granulate (5) of electrically conductive material is arranged which connects the electrodes (3, 4) to each other in an electrically conducting manner, wherein the space holding the granulate (5) is surrounded by a temperature-resistant sleeve (6) of insulating material, characterized in that the granulate (5) is arranged in loose bulk in the space formed between the electrodes (3, 4) and the sleeve (6) of insulating material, and the granulate (5) consists of graphite grains or spheres.
- A surge absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes (3, 4) have projections (7, 8) extending into the space.
- A surge absorber according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the granulate (5) consists of spherical particles.
- A surge absorber according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the granulate (5) consists of granular particles.
- A surge absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the granulate (5) has a grain size of from 0.4 to 1.6 mm.
- A surge absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the sleeve (6) of insulating material consists of ceramic material or glass.
- A surge absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the electrodes (3, 4) consist of graphite.
- A surge absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that one electrode (3) of the component (2) forms an electrode of the spark gap (1).
- A surge absorber according to claim 8, characterized in that an annular insulator (10), onto which the second electrode (9) of the spark gap (1) is set, is applied to the [electrode] (3) which forms an electrode of the spark gap (1).
- A surge absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the electrodes (3, 4, 9) of the component (2) and of the spark gap (1) are cylindrical and the sleeve (6) of insulating material is a tube which is attached to the electrodes (3, 4) of the component.
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL09009408T PL2287984T3 (en) | 2009-07-20 | 2009-07-20 | Surge absorbers |
| SI200930082T SI2287984T1 (en) | 2009-07-20 | 2009-07-20 | Surge absorbers |
| PT09009408T PT2287984E (en) | 2009-07-20 | 2009-07-20 | Surge absorbers |
| ES09009408T ES2369329T3 (en) | 2009-07-20 | 2009-07-20 | OVERVOLTAGE DOWNLOADER. |
| AT09009408T ATE525775T1 (en) | 2009-07-20 | 2009-07-20 | SURGE ARRESTERS |
| EP09009408A EP2287984B1 (en) | 2009-07-20 | 2009-07-20 | Surge absorbers |
| CN201010233889.XA CN101958540B (en) | 2009-07-20 | 2010-06-11 | Surge arrester |
| HK11104388.9A HK1151136A1 (en) | 2009-07-20 | 2011-05-03 | A surge arrester |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09009408A EP2287984B1 (en) | 2009-07-20 | 2009-07-20 | Surge absorbers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2287984A1 EP2287984A1 (en) | 2011-02-23 |
| EP2287984B1 true EP2287984B1 (en) | 2011-09-21 |
Family
ID=41302857
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09009408A Active EP2287984B1 (en) | 2009-07-20 | 2009-07-20 | Surge absorbers |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2287984B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101958540B (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE525775T1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2369329T3 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1151136A1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL2287984T3 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT2287984E (en) |
| SI (1) | SI2287984T1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012005944A1 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-09-26 | Obo Bettermann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Surge arresters |
| DE102012006809A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-02 | Obo Bettermann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Spark gap for surge arresters |
| EP2916402A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 | 2015-09-09 | OBO Bettermann GmbH & Co. KG | Surge absorber |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SI2498352T1 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2014-02-28 | Obo Bettermann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Surge absorber |
| EP2812962B1 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2016-04-06 | OBO Bettermann GmbH & Co. KG | Surge arrester |
| DE202012012472U1 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2013-01-25 | Obo Bettermann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Surge arresters |
| CN110400667B (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2021-07-13 | 成都铁达电子股份有限公司 | Low-inherent-capacitance piezoresistor |
| CN113629686B (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2022-10-28 | 西安交通大学 | Intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on graphite-metal coating material |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1159205A (en) | 1914-05-15 | 1915-11-02 | Gen Electric | Protective device. |
| US2329085A (en) | 1940-06-13 | 1943-09-07 | Norton Co | Lightning arrester |
| IL113502A0 (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1995-07-31 | Raychem Corp | Composition for use in a telecommunications gas tube |
| DE19742302A1 (en) | 1997-09-25 | 1999-04-08 | Bettermann Obo Gmbh & Co Kg | Spark gap capable of carrying lightning current |
| CN100446363C (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2008-12-24 | 埃普科斯股份有限公司 | Overvoltage discharge protection device and application thereof |
| JP2009508320A (en) * | 2005-09-14 | 2009-02-26 | リッテルフューズ，インコーポレイティド | Surge arrester with gas, activation compound, ignition stripe and method thereof |
| DE102006031229B3 (en) | 2006-07-06 | 2007-12-06 | Obo Bettermann Gmbh & Co Kg | Electrical system overvoltage protecting device, has enclosure lower part with insertion opening for printed circuit board, where enclosure side walls and/or part has locking pins to secure position of board |
-
2009
- 2009-07-20 PL PL09009408T patent/PL2287984T3/en unknown
- 2009-07-20 ES ES09009408T patent/ES2369329T3/en active Active
- 2009-07-20 PT PT09009408T patent/PT2287984E/en unknown
- 2009-07-20 AT AT09009408T patent/ATE525775T1/en active
- 2009-07-20 EP EP09009408A patent/EP2287984B1/en active Active
- 2009-07-20 SI SI200930082T patent/SI2287984T1/en unknown
-
2010
- 2010-06-11 CN CN201010233889.XA patent/CN101958540B/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-05-03 HK HK11104388.9A patent/HK1151136A1/en unknown
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012005944A1 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-09-26 | Obo Bettermann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Surge arresters |
| DE102012006809A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-02 | Obo Bettermann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Spark gap for surge arresters |
| EP2916402A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 | 2015-09-09 | OBO Bettermann GmbH & Co. KG | Surge absorber |
| DE102014102969A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 | 2015-09-10 | Obo Bettermann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Surge arresters |
| DE102014102969B4 (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2016-05-04 | Obo Bettermann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Surge arresters |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HK1151136A1 (en) | 2012-01-20 |
| PL2287984T3 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
| PT2287984E (en) | 2011-10-04 |
| SI2287984T1 (en) | 2011-12-30 |
| CN101958540B (en) | 2014-10-22 |
| EP2287984A1 (en) | 2011-02-23 |
| ATE525775T1 (en) | 2011-10-15 |
| CN101958540A (en) | 2011-01-26 |
| ES2369329T3 (en) | 2011-11-29 |
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