EP2916402A1 - Surge absorber - Google Patents

Surge absorber Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2916402A1
EP2916402A1 EP15157538.8A EP15157538A EP2916402A1 EP 2916402 A1 EP2916402 A1 EP 2916402A1 EP 15157538 A EP15157538 A EP 15157538A EP 2916402 A1 EP2916402 A1 EP 2916402A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
electrodes
disc
surge arrester
granules
perforation
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EP15157538.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2916402B1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen SCHURWANZ
Wolfgang Breithaupt
Marcel Hoffmann
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Obo Bettermann GmbH and Co KG
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Obo Bettermann GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to SI201530023A priority Critical patent/SI2916402T1/en
Publication of EP2916402A1 publication Critical patent/EP2916402A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/16—Series resistor structurally associated with spark gap

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surge arrester having at least one spark gap and a series-connected electrical damping element, wherein the electrical damping element consists of a component with two insulated electrodes disposed between which a granules of electrically conductive material is arranged, which electrically conductively interconnects the electrodes combines.
  • Such a surge arrester is for example from the EP 2 287 984 B1 known.
  • Such a surge arrester also serves as a lightning current arrester and consists of a series connection of a spark gap and an electrical damping element in order to limit and switch off follower currents.
  • the two electrodes to which phase conductors or neutral conductors or a ground potential of leading conductors can be connected, respectively close the ends of a ceramic tube.
  • the ceramic tube is filled with a conductive granules, such as graphite, in bulk.
  • a conductive granules such as graphite
  • Such a component is very low impedance before the current flow in the event of an overvoltage event. If an overvoltage event occurs, such as a lightning strike, this can possibly lead to mechanical damage to the spark gap.
  • the damping element must carry a current that triggers a backup fuse and thereby disconnects the surge arrester from the mains.
  • the thereby converted energy in the surge arrester should be kept as low as possible in order to prevent exceeding the permissible level of warming in the surge arrester.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a surge arrester of the type mentioned, in which the peak current, which triggers a backup, can take a particularly short path, and thereby can implement little energy, in which Due to the reduced energy conversion only a slight warming of the system takes place.
  • the invention proposes that the two electrodes have pot-like shape and with their mouths facing each other, so that they together form a cavity by the granules of electrically conductive material is arranged, wherein the mouth areas of the two electrodes and areas the layer of granules are separated by a disc of insulating material, wherein the disc separating the two electrodes has a preferably central perforation, which is interspersed with granules.
  • a surge arrester of this kind in the event of overloading, after a short circuit or defect in the spark gap, only a small flow of supply current from the first electrode through the first spark arrestor will initially occur Hole in the disc made of insulating material.
  • the flow stream migrates from the first electrode through the granules of electrically conductive material in the direction of the central perforation of the disc, this penetrates further through the granules and finally reaches the second electrode.
  • the granules initially attenuate this current, especially during the first approximately 5 to 10 half cycles. At this time, the damping element is still functional.
  • the arc of this flow stream expands during the flow of current, the perforation of the disc in the direction of the disc edge, whereby the necessary for damping granule path is reduced and the current flowing through it increases rapidly.
  • This widening of the perforation of the disc is not uniform, but it arises at one point an asymmetry in order to achieve the shortest possible distance to the outer edge of the disc.
  • the arc of the flow stream tries to shorten, thereby slit the disk of insulating material in the direction of the outer edge of the disc. This separation can optionally take place within a sine half-wave of the flow stream.
  • the peak current that triggers the backup fuse take an extremely short path and this has the consequence that the peak current converts only a small amount of energy, so that the heating within the surge arrester takes place only slightly.
  • Such a surge arrester has only small Outside dimensions, and can in particular due to the low heating in the event of an overvoltage event find multiple use in components with only small dimensions.
  • the granulate path must have a sufficient length.
  • the electrodes can have only small height in the region of their side walls of the pot shape.
  • the two electrodes consist of graphite.
  • At least one pot-type electrode has a closable opening which is preferably arranged in the bottom.
  • the granules of electrically conductive material to fast and simple manner are filled into the cavity, and then sealed, for example by means of a plug, which consists of the same material as the two electrodes, to the outside.
  • a plug which consists of the same material as the two electrodes.
  • An alternative solution for sealing is possible, for example, by arranging a sealing disc over the opening.
  • the disc consists of high-temperature-resistant insulating material.
  • the disc of solid mica, pressed mica powder or a mica mixture consists.
  • the disc Due to the extremely high temperature of the arc of the flow stream, the disc must consist of a high-temperature-resistant insulating material.
  • the use of dignified, so degraded mica has proven to be particularly temperature-resistant and particularly suitable material.
  • the perforation of the disc has a circular shape.
  • the perforation of the disc has a shape deviating from the circular shape.
  • a deviating from the circular shape, for example, may be necessary due to the production.
  • the diameter of the cavity surrounded by the cup-shaped electrodes behaves as 3: 1 to the diameter of the perforation of the disc or the diameter of the disc is smaller than after this ratio.
  • the path traveled by the arc after it has been formed from the first electrode to the second electrode has sufficient length.
  • the path necessary for the deletion of the following stream would have to have a minimum length of approx. 17 to 18 mm, not given anymore.
  • the diameter of the perforation determines the length of the path that the arc travels from the first electrode until reaching the second electrode.
  • the distance to be traveled for the arc can be determined. In this case, a larger diameter perforation reduces the path and increases the diameter in a smaller hole the way.
  • a surge arrester 1 is shown consisting of a spark gap 2 and a series-connected electrical damping element 3.
  • the electrical damping element 3 consists of a component with two insulated electrodes arranged one another 4.5. Between the electrodes 4, 5 a granulate 6 of electrically conductive material is arranged in bulk. The granules 6 connects the electrodes 4,5, electrically conductive with each other.
  • the two electrodes 4.5 pot-like shape.
  • the cup-shaped electrodes 4, 5 are arranged with their mouths facing each other, so that together they enclose a cavity.
  • the granules 6 is arranged made of electrically conductive material.
  • FIG. 1 It can be seen that the mouth regions of the two electrodes 4, 5 and regions of the layer of granules 6 are separated from each other by a disk 7.
  • the disc 7 is made of insulating material.
  • the disc 7 has a central perforation 8, which is penetrated by granules 6.
  • the two electrodes 4, 5 are made of graphite.
  • the electrode 5 in each case has a closable opening 9 arranged in the bottom.
  • the opening 9 can also be arranged in the electrode 4 or in both electrodes 4, 5. Further, it is possible to arrange the opening 9 in a side wall of the cup-shaped electrode 4 and 5, respectively.
  • the cavity enclosed by the electrodes 4, 5 can be filled with electrically conductive granules 6 in a quick and simple manner.
  • a closure element for closing the opening 9 is preferably made of the same material as the electrodes 4, 5 or may also consist of a deviating material, such as a metal.
  • the disc 7 is made in the embodiment of solid mica, which is a particularly high temperature resistant insulating material.
  • the disc 7 also consist of another high-temperature-resistant insulating material, for example pressed mica powder or a mica mixture or another material or mineral having only an extremely low conductivity.
  • the perforation 8 of the disc 7 in the embodiment has a circular shape.
  • the perforation 8 of the disc 7 may also have a shape deviating from the circular shape.
  • surge arrester 1 behaves the diameter of the surrounded by the cup-shaped electrodes 4.5 cavity to the diameter of the hole 8 of the disc 7 as 3: 1.
  • the diameter of the perforation 8 of the disk 7 can significantly influence the length of the path which the arc covers in the event of an overvoltage event between the electrodes 4, 5.
  • the arc of this flow stream expands the hole 8 of the disc 7 towards the outer edge of the disc 7, as in Fig. 2 is clarified, so that the way decreases.
  • the outer electrode of the spark gap 2 is contacted, for example, with a phase conductor or neutral, while the lower electrode 5 is connected, for example, to ground potential.

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Abstract

Um einen Überspannungsableiter (1) mit mindestens einer Funkenstrecke (2) und einem dazu in Reihe geschalteten elektrischen Dämpfungselement (3), wobei das elektrische Dämpfungselement (3) aus einem Bauteil mit zwei voneinander isoliert angeordneten Elektroden (4,5) besteht, zwischen denen ein Granulat (6) aus elektrisch leitfähigem Werkstoff angeordnet ist, welches die Elektroden (4,5) elektrisch leitend miteinander verbindet zu schaffen, bei dem der Spitzenstrom, der eine Vorsicherung auslöst, einen besonders kurzen Weg nehmen kann, und dabei wenig Energie umsetzen kann, bei dem durch die reduzierte Energieumsetzung nur eine geringe Erwärmung des Systems erfolgt, wird vorgeschlagen, dass die beiden Elektroden (4,5) topfartige Form aufweisen und mit ihren Mündungen einander zugewandt sind, sodass sie gemeinsam einen Hohlraum, indem das Granulat (6) aus elektrisch leitfähigem Werkstoff angeordnet ist, umschließen, wobei die Mündungsbereiche der beiden Elektroden (4,5) und Bereiche der Schicht aus Granulat (6) durch eine Scheibe (7) aus isolierendem Material voneinander getrennt sind, wobei die die beiden Elektroden (4,5) trennende Scheibe (7) eine zentrale Lochung (8) aufweist, die von Granulat (6) durchsetzt ist.To a surge arrester (1) with at least one spark gap (2) and a series-connected electrical damping element (3), wherein the electrical damping element (3) consists of a component with two insulated from each other arranged electrodes (4,5) between which a granulate (6) made of electrically conductive material is arranged, which connects the electrodes (4, 5) to each other in an electrically conductive manner, in which the peak current, which triggers a back-up fuse, can take a particularly short path and thereby can convert little energy in which only a slight heating of the system takes place as a result of the reduced energy conversion, it is proposed that the two electrodes (4, 5) have a pot-like shape and face each other with their mouths, so that they together form a hollow space in which the granules (6) is arranged made of electrically conductive material, enclose, wherein the mouth regions of the two electrodes (4,5) and Ber oak of the layer of granules (6) are separated from each other by a disc (7) made of insulating material, the disc (7) separating the two electrodes (4, 5) having a central perforation (8) formed by granules (6) is interspersed.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Überspannungsableiter mit mindestens einer Funkenstrecke und einem dazu in Reihe geschalteten elektrischen Dämpfungselement, wobei das elektrische Dämpfungselement aus einem Bauteil mit zwei voneinander isoliert angeordneten Elektroden besteht, zwischen denen ein Granulat aus elektrisch leitfähigem Werkstoff angeordnet ist, welches die Elektroden elektrisch leitend miteinander verbindet.The invention relates to a surge arrester having at least one spark gap and a series-connected electrical damping element, wherein the electrical damping element consists of a component with two insulated electrodes disposed between which a granules of electrically conductive material is arranged, which electrically conductively interconnects the electrodes combines.

Ein derartiger Überspannungsableiter ist beispielsweise aus der EP 2 287 984 B1 bekannt. Ein solcher Überspannungsableiter dient auch als Blitzstromableiter und besteht aus einer Reihenschaltung einer Funkenstrecke und eines elektrischen Dämpfungselementes, um Netzfolgeströme zu begrenzen und abzuschalten. Bei einem solchen Überspannungsableiter ist es vorteilhaft, dass hiermit ein System geschaffen ist mit nur einer Funkenstrecke, die das Folgestromlöschvermögen einer Mehrfachfunkenstrecke aufweist, die nur einen geringen Installationsaufwand erfordert und aus nur wenigen elektronischen und elektrischen Bauteilen besteht und dabei ein gutes Ansprechverhalten hat.Such a surge arrester is for example from the EP 2 287 984 B1 known. Such a surge arrester also serves as a lightning current arrester and consists of a series connection of a spark gap and an electrical damping element in order to limit and switch off follower currents. In such a surge arrester, it is advantageous that hereby a system is provided with only one spark gap, which has the Folgestromlöschvermögen a multiple spark gap, the only one requires little installation effort and consists of only a few electronic and electrical components and has a good response.

Bei der im Stand der Technik bekannten Lösung verschließen die beiden Elektroden, an die Phasenleiter oder Nullleiter beziehungsweise ein Erdpotential führender Leiter anschließbar ist, jeweils die Enden eines Keramikrohres. Das Keramikrohr ist dabei mit einem leitfähigen Granulat, beispielsweise Graphit, in loser Schüttung gefüllt. Ein derartiges Bauteil ist vor dem Stromfluss im Falle eines Überspannungsereignisses sehr niederohmig. Sollte ein Überspannungsereignis, wie beispielsweise ein Blitzschlag, erfolgen, so kann dies gegebenenfalls zu einer mechanischen Beschädigung der Funkenstrecke führen. Nun muss das Dämpfungselement einen Strom führen, der eine Vorsicherung auslöst und den Überspannungsableiter dadurch vom Netz trennt. Die dabei umgesetzte Energie im Überspannungsableiter sollte möglichst gering gehalten werden, um eine über das zulässige Maß hinausgehende Erwärmung im Überspannungsableiter zu verhindern.In the solution known in the prior art, the two electrodes, to which phase conductors or neutral conductors or a ground potential of leading conductors can be connected, respectively close the ends of a ceramic tube. The ceramic tube is filled with a conductive granules, such as graphite, in bulk. Such a component is very low impedance before the current flow in the event of an overvoltage event. If an overvoltage event occurs, such as a lightning strike, this can possibly lead to mechanical damage to the spark gap. Now, the damping element must carry a current that triggers a backup fuse and thereby disconnects the surge arrester from the mains. The thereby converted energy in the surge arrester should be kept as low as possible in order to prevent exceeding the permissible level of warming in the surge arrester.

Bei der im Stand der Technik bekannten Lösung werden im Falle eines Überspannungsereignisses bei Erwärmung die Übergangswiderstände in der losen Granulatschüttung reduziert und dadurch die umgesetzte elektrische Leistung verringert. Durch diese Reduzierung des Widerstandes wurde der Netzstrom erhöht und die vorgeschaltete Sicherung konnte schneller vom Netz abtrennen. Bei einem derartigen System wurden zusätzlich Ringe aus Blähgraphit auf den Graphitelektroden befestigt, die bei Erwärmung das Graphitgranulat verdichten.In the solution known in the prior art, in the case of an overvoltage event when heated, the contact resistances in the loose granulate bed are reduced, thereby reducing the converted electrical power. Due to this reduction of resistance, the Mains power increased and the upstream fuse could disconnect faster from the grid. In such a system rings of expandable graphite were additionally attached to the graphite electrodes, which compress the graphite granules when heated.

Aufgrund des eingangs genannten Standes der Technik liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Überspannungsableiter der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei dem der Spitzenstrom, der eine Vorsicherung auslöst, einen besonders kurzen Weg nehmen kann, und dabei wenig Energie umsetzen kann, bei dem durch die reduzierte Energieumsetzung nur eine geringe Erwärmung des Systems erfolgt.Due to the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention seeks to provide a surge arrester of the type mentioned, in which the peak current, which triggers a backup, can take a particularly short path, and thereby can implement little energy, in which Due to the reduced energy conversion only a slight warming of the system takes place.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schlägt die Erfindung vor, dass die beiden Elektroden topfartige Form aufweisen und mit ihren Mündungen einander zugewandt sind, sodass sie gemeinsam einen Hohlraum, indem das Granulat aus elektrisch leitfähigem Werkstoff angeordnet ist, umschließen, wobei die Mündungsbereiche der beiden Elektroden und Bereiche der Schicht aus Granulat durch eine Scheibe aus isolierendem Material voneinander getrennt sind, wobei die die beiden Elektroden trennende Scheibe eine vorzugsweise zentrale Lochung aufweist, die von Granulat durchsetzt ist.To achieve this object, the invention proposes that the two electrodes have pot-like shape and with their mouths facing each other, so that they together form a cavity by the granules of electrically conductive material is arranged, wherein the mouth areas of the two electrodes and areas the layer of granules are separated by a disc of insulating material, wherein the disc separating the two electrodes has a preferably central perforation, which is interspersed with granules.

Bei einem derartigen Überspannungsableiter wird im Überlastungsfall nach Kurzschluss oder Defekt der Funkenstrecke zunächst nur ein geringer Vorlaufstrom von der ersten Elektrode durch das Loch in der Scheibe aus isolierendem Material getrieben. Der Vorlaufstrom wandert dabei von der ersten Elektrode durch das Granulat aus elektrisch leitfähigem Werkstoff in Richtung der zentralen Lochung der Scheibe, durchdringt diese weiter durch das Granulat und erreicht schließlich die zweite Elektrode. Dabei dämpft das Granulat zunächst, insbesondere während der ersten ungefähr 5 bis 10 Halbwellen, diesen Strom noch stark ab. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt ist das Dämpfungselement noch funktionsfähig. Der Lichtbogen dieses Vorlaufstromes weitet jedoch während des Stromflusses die Lochung der Scheibe in Richtung des Scheibenrandes auf, wodurch die zur Dämpfung notwendige Granulatstrecke reduziert wird und der durchfließende Strom schnell ansteigt. Diese Aufweitung der Lochung der Scheibe erfolgt dabei nicht gleichmäßig, sondern es entsteht an einer Stelle eine Unsymmetrie, um eine möglichst kurze Strecke zum Außenrand der Scheibe zu erzielen. Während dieses Vorgangs versucht sich der Lichtbogen des Vorlaufstromes zu verkürzen und trennt dabei die Scheibe aus isolierendem Material schlitzartig in Richtung des Außenrandes der Scheibe auf. Diese Auftrennung kann gegebenenfalls innerhalb einer Sinushalbwelle des Vorlaufstromes erfolgen. Somit kann der Spitzenstrom, der die Vorsicherung auslöst, einen äußerst kurzen Weg nehmen und dies hat zur Folge, dass der Spitzenstrom dabei nur eine geringe Menge Energie umsetzt, so dass die Erwärmung innerhalb des Überspannungsableiters nur geringfügig erfolgt. Ein derartiger Überspannungsableiter weist nur geringe Außenabmessungen auf, und kann dabei insbesondere aufgrund der nur geringen Erwärmung im Falle eines Überspannungsereignisses vielfache Verwendung in Bauteilen mit nur geringer Abmessung finden.In a surge arrester of this kind, in the event of overloading, after a short circuit or defect in the spark gap, only a small flow of supply current from the first electrode through the first spark arrestor will initially occur Hole in the disc made of insulating material. The flow stream migrates from the first electrode through the granules of electrically conductive material in the direction of the central perforation of the disc, this penetrates further through the granules and finally reaches the second electrode. The granules initially attenuate this current, especially during the first approximately 5 to 10 half cycles. At this time, the damping element is still functional. However, the arc of this flow stream expands during the flow of current, the perforation of the disc in the direction of the disc edge, whereby the necessary for damping granule path is reduced and the current flowing through it increases rapidly. This widening of the perforation of the disc is not uniform, but it arises at one point an asymmetry in order to achieve the shortest possible distance to the outer edge of the disc. During this process, the arc of the flow stream tries to shorten, thereby slit the disk of insulating material in the direction of the outer edge of the disc. This separation can optionally take place within a sine half-wave of the flow stream. Thus, the peak current that triggers the backup fuse, take an extremely short path and this has the consequence that the peak current converts only a small amount of energy, so that the heating within the surge arrester takes place only slightly. Such a surge arrester has only small Outside dimensions, and can in particular due to the low heating in the event of an overvoltage event find multiple use in components with only small dimensions.

Zur ausreichenden Dämpfung des Folgestroms im Überspannungsfall muss die Granulatstrecke eine ausreichende Länge aufweisen. Dadurch, dass der Lichtbogen von der ersten Elektrode durch die zentral in der Scheibe angeordnete Lochung hin zur zweiten Elektrode geführt wird, können die Elektroden im Bereich ihrer Seitenwände der Topfform nur geringe Bauhöhe aufweisen. Somit kann ein erfindungsgemäßer Überspannungsableiter trotz seiner nur geringen Länge die notwendige Granulatstrecke für den Lichtbogen zur Verfügung stellen.For sufficient damping of the secondary current in the event of overvoltage, the granulate path must have a sufficient length. The fact that the arc is guided from the first electrode through the hole arranged centrally in the disk to the second electrode, the electrodes can have only small height in the region of their side walls of the pot shape. Thus, a surge arrester according to the invention, despite its only short length, can provide the necessary granulate path for the arc.

Insbesondere kann bevorzugt vorgesehen sein, dass die beiden Elektroden aus Graphit bestehen.In particular, it can preferably be provided that the two electrodes consist of graphite.

Die Herstellung der Elektroden aus Graphit ist an sich bekannt und hat sich als langlebige und dabei kostengünstige Lösung bewährt.The production of graphite electrodes is known per se and has proven itself as a long-lasting and cost-effective solution.

Weiter kann besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen sein, dass mindestens eine topfartige Elektrode eine vorzugsweise im Boden angeordnete, verschließbare Öffnung aufweist.Furthermore, it can be provided with particular preference that at least one pot-type electrode has a closable opening which is preferably arranged in the bottom.

Durch die vorzugsweise im Boden angeordnete verschließbare Öffnung kann das Granulat aus elektrisch leitfähigem Werkstoff auf schnelle und einfache Art und Weise, beispielsweise mittels loser Schüttung, in den Hohlraum eingefüllt werden, und anschließend beispielsweise mittels eines Stopfens, welcher aus dem gleichen Material wie die beiden Elektroden besteht, nach außen abgedichtet werden. Eine alternative Lösung zur Abdichtung ist beispielsweise durch das Anordnen einer Dichtscheibe über der Öffnung möglich.By preferably arranged in the bottom closable opening, the granules of electrically conductive material to fast and simple manner, for example by means of loose bed, are filled into the cavity, and then sealed, for example by means of a plug, which consists of the same material as the two electrodes, to the outside. An alternative solution for sealing is possible, for example, by arranging a sealing disc over the opening.

Zudem kann besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen sein, dass die Scheibe aus hochtemperaturbeständigem Isolierstoff besteht.In addition, it may be particularly preferred that the disc consists of high-temperature-resistant insulating material.

Dabei kann besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen sein, dass die Scheibe aus gediegenem Glimmer, gepresstem Glimmerpulver oder aus einer Glimmermischung besteht.It may be particularly preferred that the disc of solid mica, pressed mica powder or a mica mixture consists.

Aufgrund der äußerst hohen Temperatur des Lichtbogens des Vorlaufstromes muss die Scheibe aus einem hochtemperaturbestädigem Isolierstoff bestehen. Dabei hat sich die Verwendung von gediegenem, also abgebautem Glimmer als besonders temperaturbeständiges und besonders geeignetes Material herausgestellt. Alternativ kann als kostengünstigeres Material auch gepresstes Glimmerpulver, welches bis ungefähr 1.200 °C temperaturbeständig ist, oder eine Glimmermischung Verwendung finden.Due to the extremely high temperature of the arc of the flow stream, the disc must consist of a high-temperature-resistant insulating material. Here, the use of dignified, so degraded mica has proven to be particularly temperature-resistant and particularly suitable material. Alternatively, as a cheaper material and pressed mica powder, which is temperature resistant up to about 1200 ° C, or find a mica mixture use.

Zudem kann besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen sein, dass die Lochung der Scheibe kreisrunde Form aufweist.In addition, it may be particularly preferred that the perforation of the disc has a circular shape.

Die Ausbildung einer kreisrunden Lochung etwa zentral innerhalb der Scheibe ermöglicht eine gleichmäßige Entfernung der Lochrandkante zur Außenrandkante der Scheibe, so dass der einzuschneidende Weg durch den Lichtbogen an jeder Stelle der Lochung beziehungsweise der Randkante der Lochung gleiche Länge und somit gleiche Entfernung zur Außenkante der Scheibe beziehungsweise der dort benachbarten Elektrode aufweist.The formation of a circular perforation approximately centrally within the disc allows a uniform removal of the edge of the hole edge to the outer edge of the disc, so that the path to be cut by the arc at each point of the perforation or the peripheral edge of the hole of the same length and thus the same distance to the outer edge of the disc or having the adjacent electrode there.

Alternativ kann besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen sein, dass die Lochung der Scheibe eine von der kreisrunden Form abweichende Form aufweist.Alternatively it can be particularly preferably provided that the perforation of the disc has a shape deviating from the circular shape.

Eine von der kreisrunden abweichende Form kann beispielsweise herstellungsbedingt erforderlich sein.A deviating from the circular shape, for example, may be necessary due to the production.

Auch kann besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen sein, dass der Durchmesser des von den topfartigen Elektroden umgebenen Hohlraumes sich zum Durchmesser der Lochung der Scheibe wie 3:1 verhält oder der Durchmesser der Scheibe kleiner als nach diesem Verhältnis ist.It can also be particularly preferably provided that the diameter of the cavity surrounded by the cup-shaped electrodes behaves as 3: 1 to the diameter of the perforation of the disc or the diameter of the disc is smaller than after this ratio.

Durch ein derartiges Verhältnis ist es sichergestellt, dass der Weg, den der Lichtbogen nach seiner Entstehung von der ersten Elektrode bis hin zur zweiten Elektrode zurücklegt, ausreichende Länge aufweist. Bei einer größeren Lochung wäre der für die Löschung des Folgestromes notwendige Weg, welcher eine Mindestlänge von ca. 17 bis 18mm aufweisen muss, nicht mehr gegeben. Somit bestimmt unter anderem der Durchmesser der Lochung die Länge des Weges, den der Lichtbogen von der ersten Elektrode bis zum Erreichen der zweiten Elektrode zurücklegt. Also kann abhängig vom Außendurchmesser der Scheibe und durch den Durchmesser der Lochung der für den Lichtbogen zurückzulegende Weg bestimmt werden. Dabei verkleinert eine im Durchmesser größere Lochung den Weg und vergrößert eine im Durchmesser geringere Lochung den Weg.Such a relationship ensures that the path traveled by the arc after it has been formed from the first electrode to the second electrode has sufficient length. In the case of a larger perforation, the path necessary for the deletion of the following stream would have to have a minimum length of approx. 17 to 18 mm, not given anymore. Thus, inter alia, the diameter of the perforation determines the length of the path that the arc travels from the first electrode until reaching the second electrode. Thus, depending on the outer diameter of the disc and the diameter of the hole, the distance to be traveled for the arc can be determined. In this case, a larger diameter perforation reduces the path and increases the diameter in a smaller hole the way.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Figuren dargestellt und im Folgenden näher beschrieben.An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the figures and described in more detail below.

Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
einen erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiter vor einem Überspannungsereignis;
Fig. 2
desgleichen nach einem Überspannungsereignis.
It shows:
Fig. 1
a surge arrester according to the invention before an overvoltage event;
Fig. 2
likewise after an overvoltage event.

In den Figuren ist ein Überspannungsableiter 1 bestehend aus einer Funkenstrecke 2 und einem dazu in Reihe geschalteten elektrischen Dämpfungselement 3 gezeigt. Das elektrische Dämpfungselement 3 besteht aus einem Bauteil mit zwei voneinander isoliert angeordneten Elektroden 4,5. Zwischen den Elektroden 4,5 ist in loser Schüttung ein Granulat 6 aus elektrisch leitfähigem Werkstoff angeordnet. Das Granulat 6 verbindet dabei die Elektroden 4,5, elektrisch leitend miteinander.In the figures, a surge arrester 1 is shown consisting of a spark gap 2 and a series-connected electrical damping element 3. The electrical damping element 3 consists of a component with two insulated electrodes arranged one another 4.5. Between the electrodes 4, 5 a granulate 6 of electrically conductive material is arranged in bulk. The granules 6 connects the electrodes 4,5, electrically conductive with each other.

Erfindungsgemäß weisen die beiden Elektroden 4,5 topfartige Form auf. Die topfartig ausgebildeten Elektroden 4,5 sind mit ihren Mündungen einander zugewandt angeordnet, so dass sie gemeinsam einen Hohlraum umschließen. In dem Hohlraum ist das Granulat 6 aus elektrisch leitfähigem Werkstoff angeordnet. Wie insbesondere aus Figur 1 ersichtlich sind die Mündungsbereiche der beiden Elektroden 4,5 und Bereiche der Schicht aus Granulat 6 durch eine Scheibe 7 voneinander getrennt. Die Scheibe 7 besteht aus isolierendem Material. Die Scheibe 7 weist eine zentrale Lochung 8 auf, die von Granulat 6 durchsetzt ist.According to the invention, the two electrodes 4.5 pot-like shape. The cup-shaped electrodes 4, 5 are arranged with their mouths facing each other, so that together they enclose a cavity. In the cavity, the granules 6 is arranged made of electrically conductive material. As in particular from FIG. 1 It can be seen that the mouth regions of the two electrodes 4, 5 and regions of the layer of granules 6 are separated from each other by a disk 7. The disc 7 is made of insulating material. The disc 7 has a central perforation 8, which is penetrated by granules 6.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel bestehen die beiden Elektroden 4,5 aus Graphit.In the exemplary embodiment, the two electrodes 4, 5 are made of graphite.

Bei dem in den Figuren 1 und 2 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel weist jeweils die Elektrode 5 eine im Boden angeordnete, verschließbare Öffnung 9 auf. Alternativ und in den Figuren nicht gezeigt, kann die Öffnung 9 auch in der Elektrode 4 oder in beiden Elektroden 4,5 angeordnet sein. Weiter ist es möglich, die Öffnung 9 auch in einer Seitenwand der topfartigen Elektrode 4 beziehungsweise 5 anzuordnen. Mittels einer derartigen Öffnung 9 kann auf schnelle und einfache Art und Weise der von den Elektroden 4,5 umschlossene Hohlraum mit elektrisch leitfähigem Granulat 6 befüllt werden. Anschließend wird die Öffnung 9 beispielsweise mittels eines Stopfens oder einer Scheibe verschlossen und somit gegenüber der Umgebung abgedichtet. Ein derartiges Verschlusselement zum Verschließen der Öffnung 9 besteht vorzugsweise aus dem gleichen Material wie die Elektroden 4,5 oder kann auch aus einem abweichenden Material wie beispielsweise aus einem Metall bestehen.In the in the Figures 1 and 2 In the embodiment shown, the electrode 5 in each case has a closable opening 9 arranged in the bottom. Alternatively and not shown in the figures, the opening 9 can also be arranged in the electrode 4 or in both electrodes 4, 5. Further, it is possible to arrange the opening 9 in a side wall of the cup-shaped electrode 4 and 5, respectively. By means of such an opening 9, the cavity enclosed by the electrodes 4, 5 can be filled with electrically conductive granules 6 in a quick and simple manner. Subsequently, the opening 9, for example by means of a plug or a disc closed and thus sealed from the environment. Such a closure element for closing the opening 9 is preferably made of the same material as the electrodes 4, 5 or may also consist of a deviating material, such as a metal.

Die Scheibe 7 besteht im Ausführungsbeispiel aus gediegenem Glimmer, welches einen besonders hochtemperaturbeständigen Isolierstoff darstellt. Alternativ kann die Scheibe 7 auch aus einem anderen hochtemperaturbeständigen Isolierstoff, beispielsweise aus gepresstem Glimmerpulver oder einer Glimmermischung oder einem anderen, nur eine äußerst geringe Leitfähigkeit aufweisenden Material beziehungsweise Mineralien bestehen. Zudem weist die Lochung 8 der Scheibe 7 im Ausführungsbeispiel kreisrunde Form auf. Alternativ kann die Lochung 8 der Scheibe 7 auch eine von der kreisrunden Form abweichende Form aufweisen.The disc 7 is made in the embodiment of solid mica, which is a particularly high temperature resistant insulating material. Alternatively, the disc 7 also consist of another high-temperature-resistant insulating material, for example pressed mica powder or a mica mixture or another material or mineral having only an extremely low conductivity. In addition, the perforation 8 of the disc 7 in the embodiment has a circular shape. Alternatively, the perforation 8 of the disc 7 may also have a shape deviating from the circular shape.

Bei dem in den Figuren 1 und 2 gezeigten Überspannungsableiter 1 verhält sich der Durchmesser des von den topfartigen Elektroden 4,5 umgebenen Hohlraumes zum Durchmesser der Lochung 8 der Scheibe 7 wie 3:1. Durch den Durchmesser der Lochung 8 der Scheibe 7 kann maßgeblich Einfluss genommen werden auf die Länge des Weges, den der Lichtbogen im Falle eines Überspannungsereignisses zwischen den Elektroden 4,5 zurücklegt. Je geringer der Durchmesser der Lochung 8 der Scheibe 7 ausgebildet ist, desto länger ist der Weg, den der Lichtbogen während eines Überspannungsereignisses von der ersten Elektrode 4 bis zum Erreichen der zweiten Elektrode 5 zurücklegt, wie dies durch Pfeile in Fig. 1 angedeutet ist. Der Lichtbogen dieses Vorlaufstromes weitet jedoch die Lochung 8 der Scheibe 7 zum äußeren Rand der Scheibe 7 hin auf, wie in Fig. 2 verdeutlicht ist, so dass der Weg abnimmt. Mit kürzer werdendem Weg nimmt die Dämpfung durch die Granulatstrecke ab und der Strom steigt schnell an. Die Vergrößerung der Lochung 8 der Scheibe 7 zum äußeren Rand der Scheibe 7 hin erfolgt dabei nicht gleichmäßig. Die Scheibe 7 wird durch den Lichtbogen des Vorlaufstromes in Richtung der Elektroden 4,5 quasi aufgetrennt. Diese Auftrennung kann gegebenenfalls innerhalb einer Sinushalbwelle erfolgen. Dadurch kann der Spitzenstrom, der nachfolgend eine Vorsicherung auslöst, einen kurzen Weg nehmen, wie in Fig. 2 mit einem Pfeil rechts gezeigt ist, und setzt weniger Energie um. Hierdurch erfolgt nur eine geringfüge Erwärmung des Überspannungsableiters 1, so dass dieser auch in Umgebungen eingesetzt werden kann, bei denen nur eine geringe Temperaturerhöhung eines Überspannungsableiters 1 im Falle eines Überspannungsereignisses möglich ist. Somit ist der Einsatzbereich eines derartigen Überspannungsableiters 1 erweitert. Zudem kann bei dieser Ausgestaltung auf das im Stand der Technik notwendige Keramikrohr zwischen den Elektroden 4,5 verzichtet werden.In the in the Figures 1 and 2 shown surge arrester 1 behaves the diameter of the surrounded by the cup-shaped electrodes 4.5 cavity to the diameter of the hole 8 of the disc 7 as 3: 1. The diameter of the perforation 8 of the disk 7 can significantly influence the length of the path which the arc covers in the event of an overvoltage event between the electrodes 4, 5. The smaller the diameter of the perforation 8 of the disc 7 is formed, the more longer is the path that the arc travels during an overvoltage event from the first electrode 4 until reaching the second electrode 5, as indicated by arrows in FIG Fig. 1 is indicated. However, the arc of this flow stream expands the hole 8 of the disc 7 towards the outer edge of the disc 7, as in Fig. 2 is clarified, so that the way decreases. As the path becomes shorter, the attenuation decreases due to the granules and the current increases rapidly. The enlargement of the perforation 8 of the disc 7 towards the outer edge of the disc 7 is not uniform. The disk 7 is quasi separated by the arc of the flow stream in the direction of the electrodes 4.5. This separation can optionally take place within a sine half-wave. As a result, the peak current that subsequently triggers a back-up fuse can take a short path, as in FIG Fig. 2 with an arrow on the right, and converts less energy. As a result, only a slight heat of the surge arrester 1, so that it can be used in environments where only a slight increase in temperature of a surge arrester 1 in the event of an overvoltage event is possible. Thus, the application of such a surge arrester 1 is extended. In addition, the ceramic tube between the electrodes 4, 5 required in the prior art can be dispensed with in this embodiment.

Im Einsatzfall ist die äußere Elektrode der Funkenstrecke 2 zum Beispiel mit einem Phasenleiter oder Nullleiter kontaktiert, während die untere Elektrode 5 zum Beispiel an Erdpotential angeschlossen ist.In the application, the outer electrode of the spark gap 2 is contacted, for example, with a phase conductor or neutral, while the lower electrode 5 is connected, for example, to ground potential.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt, sondern im Rahmen der Offenbarung vielfach variabel.The invention is not limited to the embodiments, but in the context of the disclosure often variable.

Alle in der Beschreibung und/oder Zeichnung offenbarten Einzel- und Kombinationsmerkmale werden als erfindungswesentlich angesehen.All disclosed in the description and / or drawing single and combination features are considered essential to the invention.

Bezugszeichenliste:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
ÜberspannungsableiterSurge arresters
22
Funkenstreckeradio link
33
Dämpfungselementdamping element
44
Elektrodenelectrodes
55
Elektrodenelectrodes
66
Granulatgranules
77
Scheibedisc
88th
Lochung an 7Punching at 7
99
Öffnung an 4 bzw. 5Opening at 4 or 5

Claims (8)

Überspannungsableiter (1) mit mindestens einer Funkenstrecke (2) und einem dazu in Reihe geschalteten elektrischen Dämpfungselement (3), wobei das elektrische Dämpfungselement (3) aus einem Bauteil mit zwei voneinander isoliert angeordneten Elektroden (4,5) besteht, zwischen denen ein Granulat (6) aus elektrisch leitfähigem Werkstoff angeordnet ist, welches die Elektroden (4,5) elektrisch leitend miteinander verbindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Elektroden (4,5) topfartige Form aufweisen und mit ihren Mündungen einander zugewandt sind, sodass sie gemeinsam einen Hohlraum, indem das Granulat (6) aus elektrisch leitfähigem Werkstoff angeordnet ist, umschließen, wobei die Mündungsbereiche der beiden Elektroden (4,5) und Bereiche der Schicht aus Granulat (6) durch eine Scheibe (7) aus isolierendem Material voneinander getrennt sind, wobei die die beiden Elektroden (4,5) trennende Scheibe (7) eine vorzugsweise zentrale Lochung (8) aufweist, die von Granulat (6) durchsetzt ist.Surge arrester (1) having at least one spark gap (2) and an electrical damping element (3) connected in series, the electrical damping element (3) consisting of a component with two insulated electrodes (4, 5) between which a granulate (6) is arranged made of electrically conductive material, which electrically conductively connects the electrodes (4, 5), characterized in that the two electrodes (4, 5) have a pot-like shape and face each other with their mouths so that they together form one Cavity, in which the granules (6) are arranged made of electrically conductive material, wherein the mouth regions of the two electrodes (4, 5) and regions of the layer of granules (6) are separated from each other by a disk (7) of insulating material, wherein the two electrodes (4,5) separating disc (7) has a preferably central perforation (8), the set of granules (6) is currently. Überspannungsableiter (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Elektroden (4,5) aus Graphit bestehen.Surge arrester (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the two electrodes (4,5) consist of graphite. Überspannungsableiter (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine topfartige Elektrode (4,5) eine vorzugsweise im Boden angeordnete, verschließbare Öffnung (9) aufweist.Surge arrester (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one cup-shaped electrode (4,5) a Preferably, arranged in the bottom, closable opening (9). Überspannungsableiter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Scheibe (7) aus hochtemperaturbeständigem Isolierstoff besteht.Surge arrester (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the disc (7) consists of high-temperature-resistant insulating material. Überspannungsableiter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Scheibe (7) aus gediegenem Glimmer, gepresstem Glimmerpulver oder aus einer Glimmermischung besteht.Surge arrester (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the disc (7) consists of solid mica, pressed mica powder or a mica mixture. Überspannungsableiter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lochung (8) der Scheibe (7) kreisrunde Form aufweist.Surge arrester (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the perforation (8) of the disc (7) has a circular shape. Überspannungsableiter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lochung (8) der Scheibe (7) eine von der kreisrunden Form abweichende Form aufweist.Surge arrester (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the perforation (8) of the disc (7) has a shape deviating from the circular shape. Überspannungsableiter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Durchmesser des von den topfartigen Elektroden (4,5) umgebenen Hohlraumes sich zum Durchmesser der Lochung (8) der Scheibe (7) wie 3:1 verhält oder der Durchmesser der Lochung (8) kleiner als nach diesem Verhältnis ist.Surge arrester (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the diameter of the cavity surrounded by the cup-shaped electrodes (4, 5) is 3: 1 or the diameter of the perforation (8) of the disc (7) Diameter of the hole (8) is smaller than this ratio.
EP15157538.8A 2014-03-06 2015-03-04 Surge absorber Active EP2916402B1 (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2388426A1 (en) * 1977-04-23 1978-11-17 Dehn & Soehne SURGE PROTECTION DEVICE
EP2287984A1 (en) * 2009-07-20 2011-02-23 OBO Bettermann GmbH & Co. KG Surge absorbers

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US2393584A (en) * 1943-05-31 1946-01-29 Gen Electric Protective device
DE102008038486A1 (en) * 2008-08-20 2010-02-25 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Overvoltage protective device for use in low-voltage mains power supply, has arc combustion chamber formed between one electrode and another electrode, and insulation section connected in series with arc combustion chamber
DE102010021155B4 (en) * 2010-05-21 2016-01-28 Obo Bettermann Gmbh & Co. Kg Surge arresters

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2388426A1 (en) * 1977-04-23 1978-11-17 Dehn & Soehne SURGE PROTECTION DEVICE
EP2287984A1 (en) * 2009-07-20 2011-02-23 OBO Bettermann GmbH & Co. KG Surge absorbers
EP2287984B1 (en) 2009-07-20 2011-09-21 OBO Bettermann GmbH & Co. KG Surge absorbers

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