EP2564479B1 - Spark gap - Google Patents
Spark gap Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2564479B1 EP2564479B1 EP10718554.8A EP10718554A EP2564479B1 EP 2564479 B1 EP2564479 B1 EP 2564479B1 EP 10718554 A EP10718554 A EP 10718554A EP 2564479 B1 EP2564479 B1 EP 2564479B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- current
- spark gap
- electrodes
- cap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000600 Ba alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 potassium halide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
- H01T4/14—Arcing horns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
Definitions
- the invention relates to a spark gap for providing an overvoltage protection with an electrode arrangement, which has mutually facing electrodes.
- Spark gaps are used in the field of electrical energy transmission and distribution, for example in series compensation systems.
- series compensation systems are generally used for reactive power compensation in AC networks and fall under the concept of so-called Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS).
- FACTS Flexible AC Transmission Systems
- a capacitor bank is usually connected in series in an alternating voltage line, wherein protective Ableiterbänke are arranged parallel to the capacitor bank.
- the spark gap serves to protect both the capacitor and arrester banks. It can be ignited very quickly in comparison with a mechanical circuit breaker, so that overvoltages at the arrester and capacitor banks can be avoided.
- Known spark gaps have at least one electrode arrangement of opposing electrodes whose spacing or distances is set so that the spark gap below a certain voltage does not penetrate by itself, so that an active ignition of the spark gap is possible.
- the ignition of the spark gap causes the formation of an arc between the electrodes. After the formation of the arc, a circuit breaker arranged parallel to the spark gap is closed and the arc is thus extinguished.
- the spark gap has a short Deionisationszeit so that it quickly reaches its dielectric strength after extinction of the arc. If the said dielectric strength has stopped, the parallel circuit breaker can be opened again. The spark gap is then ready for use again.
- the arc is initially created at a location with the smallest electrode spacing. For a short deionization time, it is beneficial that the arc leaves this place of the shortest distance as quickly as possible. It is also known that an arc is drivable by forces of magnetic fields caused by the current flowing through the electrode assembly and the arc. It is also known that a moving conductor loop through which a current flows attempts to enlarge, since the magnetic field generated by the current is denser inside the loop than outside. The current determines the strength of the magnetic field and thus the amount of the magnetic force driving the arc. The direction of said magnetic force is determined by the current path.
- electrode assemblies of this type are housed in at least one spark gap housing to protect the electrodes against harmful environmental influences.
- an arrester which has two electrodes facing each other.
- the electrodes are arranged in an insulating body made of ceramic and have on their mutually facing surface in each case an axisymmetric recess which is filled with a highly active electrode activation mass.
- the electrode activation composition is, for example, a potassium halide or a barium / aluminum alloy.
- the US 4,553,063 discloses an electrode for a spark gap.
- the object of the invention is to provide a spark gap of the type mentioned, in which a formed arc leaves the place of the smallest electrode gap as quickly as possible and thereby increases.
- the invention solves this problem in that the electrodes have at least partially current path limiting means for forcing a desired current path in the electrodes. Furthermore, the electrodes have electrode arms which extend on a common spark-burning side of the electrode arrangement.
- the electrodes of the spark gap has current path limiting means for limiting or defining a desired current path in the electrodes themselves.
- the invention is based on the idea that a current path, which runs very close to the arc, unfolds a much greater force on the arc as farther away current paths, which are provided for example by the design of the leads and can not be arranged arbitrarily close to the arc creation site for reasons of voltage resistance to be maintained.
- the spark gap according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for high voltages.
- the spark gap it is also possible for the spark gap to have a plurality of electrode arrangements which are connected in series with one another. A desired current path is achieved when a current flowing over the said current path generates a magnetic field which drives the arc out of the place of its formation in order to enlarge.
- the current path limiting means limit recesses in the interior of the electrode. Due to the recesses in the interior of the electrode, the spark current is forced to flow around said recesses.
- the current path limiting means form limiting sections of the recesses in which the current path is formed. The boundary sections are designed such that the desired current path is formed in the immediate vicinity of the arc.
- the current flowing over the current path then generates a magnetic field which drives the arc out of the place of its formation, that is to say from the location of the smallest electrode spacing, whereby the arc increases in size with a short deionization time.
- the current path limiting means comprise a current path limiting pin and / or a current path limiting plate, each of which has an electrical conductivity which differs from that of the remaining material of the respective associated longitudinal electrode.
- the current path limiting pin makes it possible to limit the current path in the electrode to a specific region or to concentrate it in a region of the longitudinal electrode, said region itself being, according to a variant, the current path limiting pin itself, namely if it has a higher conductivity than the electrode material, in which this extends.
- the current path limiting pin is made of an insulating material, which conducts a current worse than the surrounding electrode material.
- the current is forced to flow around the current path limiting pin and spread in the remaining area of the electrodes.
- the current path limiting plate is expediently made of a material which has a lower conductivity than the remaining material of the electrode in which it is arranged.
- each longitudinal electrode has a metallic electrode base and an electrode cap, which is made of a cap material, the lower one has electrical conductivity as the base material of the electrode cap.
- the electrode cap is made of graphite.
- the electrode cap is mushroom cap-shaped and forms a hemispherical screen portion and a connected to the screen portion handle portion.
- Umbrella portion and stem portion define internal cavities, which may also be referred to as recesses. As already explained above, the internal cavities or recesses force the current to propagate in the stem portion or shield portion, thereby forcing a certain convenient current path.
- a current path limiting plate is arranged between the electrode cap and the electrode cap, wherein a current path limiting pin extends through the current path limiting plate in the stem portion, the current path limiting plate and the current path limiting pin are each made of a material having a different conductivity than the material of the electrode cap and / or the material of the electrode cap.
- the electrode arrangement expediently has two longitudinal electrodes facing one another in a longitudinal direction and a lateral electrode offset in the transverse direction for actively igniting the spark gap, wherein the current path limiting pin extends in the longitudinal direction and has a higher conductivity than the material of the electrode cap and the current path limiting plate.
- no side electrode is provided.
- the spark gap has two or more electrode assemblies connected in series.
- Each electrode arrangement of this series circuit has in each case two longitudinal electrodes.
- the longitudinal electrodes which are connected to one another in series connection are at a common medium voltage potential during operation of the spark gap.
- Each electrode arrangement of this series connection is usually arranged in a separate housing.
- this expediently has the said side electrode, which is arranged offset in the transverse direction with respect to the longitudinal electrodes.
- the longitudinal electrodes expediently have an electrode pin which extends in the longitudinal direction and has a higher conductivity than the material of the electrode cap and of the current path limiting plate.
- the Strompffadbegrenzungs protrudes with one end into the hemispherical screen portion and flows from there to the side of the foot of the initial arc, which forms laterally of the longitudinal direction on the longitudinal electrode because of the side electrode.
- the current path limiting plate separates the electrode cap from the electrode cap so that there is no direct contact between the electrode cap and the electrode cap to form a current path. In this way, parasitic current paths are prevented.
- the current exits the longitudinal current path limiting pin it flows laterally through the electrode cap to the base of the arc on the longitudinal electrode. Therefore, the current path spans an angle with respect to the exit point which differs greatly from 180 ° and varies, for example, between 10 ° and 90 °.
- a conductor loop is formed by the existing of the arc and the cap portion portion of the current path, which tends to diverge due to magnetic forces, with the result that the arc from the initial location, ie the location of the smallest distance of the longitudinal electrode to the side electrode, is driven out.
- the longitudinally extending electrode pin and the current path limiting plate are made of an electrically non-conductive insulating material, the current path limiting plate separating the electrode cap from the electrode cap only on a part of the surface.
- the separation region is arranged on the spark-burning side of the respective longitudinal electrode. The remaining area represents the education of the Currents available.
- no laterally offset side electrode is provided, so that the arc initially forms between the longitudinal electrodes in the longitudinal direction.
- the current is forced to flow laterally on the supply side over the hemispherical shield portion of the electrode cap to the arc root, again at an angle
- the deflection point is spanned at the arc root of the current path, which varies between 130 ° and 10 °.
- a conductor loop is formed through the portion of the current path, whereby the arc is driven from the initial electrode burn site into the electrode arms.
- the electrodes have electrode arms which extend on a common spark-burning side of the electrode arrangement.
- the electrode arms of the longitudinal electrode and optionally the electrode arm of the side electrode are advantageously arranged in a common plane. If the electrode arrangement has a side electrode, this is expediently also arranged in the plane which is spanned by the electrode arms of the longitudinal electrodes.
- the electrode arms of the longitudinal electrodes run apart under increasing their distance from each other to its free end. According to this advantageous manner, the mutual distance of the electrode arms increases towards the free end.
- One from the electrode assembly Arcing driven by magnetic forces thus migrates to the location of the greatest distance at the free end of the electrode arms with a further shortened deionization time in the wake.
- the electrical leads for longitudinal electrodes of the electrode assembly of the spark gap are both arranged together on the same side, which is referred to here as the feed side and the spark burning side opposite.
- the supply lines advantageously extend substantially transversely to an arc forming in the electrode arrangement. Due to the common arrangement of the electrical leads on the supply side of the respective electrode assembly and the simultaneous alignment in the said transverse direction, a magnetic field is generated which drives a resulting arc at the electrode assembly from the location of the smallest distance between the electrodes in the electrode arms, which at the the supply side facing away spark ignition side of the electrode assembly are arranged.
- At least one reserving electrode is provided which is at the same potential as one of the longitudinal electrodes, each reserving electrode being positioned with respect to the free ends of the electrode arms so that an arc burning between the electrode arms will jump over to the reserving electrodes.
- the electrode arrangement according to the invention for protection against environmental influences in at least one housing is arranged, which must not be arbitrarily large for reasons of space.
- the housing is, for example, a metallic housing, wherein the housing walls are at an electrical potential and for the Arc can also represent an electrode.
- An over-spreading arc could thus reach the housing and damage it due to its high heat.
- the uncontrolled formation of an arc is disadvantageous.
- at least one reservation electrode is provided, which expediently lies at a high-voltage potential, on which one of the longitudinal electrodes is also located.
- the arc is thrown from the Reservierelektrode back on the electrode arms of the electrode assembly or on another reservation electrode.
- the arc is therefore driven out of the electrode chamber into the electrode arms, from the end of which the arc then passes to the at least one reservation electrode. This thus intercepts the arc optionally with the assistance of a further reservation electrode, before it jumps over to the housing wall.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the inventive spark gap 1, which has an electrode assembly 2 with a first longitudinal electrode 3 and a second longitudinal electrode 4.
- the electrode assembly 2 is connected in series to a further electrode arrangement, which is not shown figuratively.
- each electrode assembly 2 is arranged in a separate housing.
- Two longitudinal electrodes of the series circuit are at operation of the spark gap 1 at an intermediate voltage potential.
- the longitudinal electrode 3 is at a high voltage potential and the longitudinal electrode 4 at the intermediate voltage potential.
- each longitudinal electrode 3 or 4 has an electrode base 5 and an electrode cap 6.
- the longitudinal electrodes 3 and 4 are opposite in a longitudinal direction.
- each longitudinal electrode 3, 4 further includes an electrode pin 7 extending in said longitudinal direction as a current path limiting pin made of copper.
- the electrode base 5 is made of aluminum, wherein the electrode cap 6 consists of graphite. Also is in FIG. 1 recognizable that electrical leads 8 and 9 extend transversely to the said longitudinal direction on a common supply side of the electrode assembly 2 and are connected to the electrode base 5 of the respective longitudinal electrode 3 and 4 respectively.
- each electrode arm 10, 11 is connected to the electrode base 5 of the respectively associated longitudinal electrode 3 and 4 respectively.
- the leads 8, 9 of the electrode base 5 and the electrode arms 10,11 are each made of aluminum and are all in a common plane.
- a Abbrennabêt 12 and 13 is formed, which consists of a material having a high heat resistance, so that a burning there arc causes minimal damage.
- an initial arc 14 is schematically illustrated, which arises at the point with the smallest distance between the longitudinal electrodes 3 and 4.
- a current path 15 is shown, and the direction of current flow is shown by arrows.
- FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the spark gap according to the invention 1, but each longitudinal electrode 3 or 4 current path limiting means, which are formed by the electrode pin 7, a partially arranged between the electrode cap 5 and electrode cap 6 Stromflrawbegrenzungsplatte 24 and a convenient geometric configuration of the electrode caps 6.
- the electrode caps 6 are each designed mushroom cap-shaped and have an inner elongate pin portion 16 and a screen portion 17 which is formed hemispherical.
- the pin portion 16 and the shield portion 17 define internal cavities 18, which may also be referred to as a recess.
- the electrode pin 7 here consists of an electrically non-conductive insulating material.
- the current path limiting plate 24 has a much lower electrical conductivity than the electrode cap 5 and electrode cap 6.
- the current path limiting plate 24 is disposed only on the spark burning side between the electrode cap 6 and the electrode base 5 and prevents direct contact of said components only on this page.
- the current path 15 is therefore formed due to the inferior in comparison to the graphite of the shield section 17 electrical conductivity of the electrode pin 7 and the current path limiting plate 24 on the supply side in the screen section 17 and goes from there into the arc 14 and from there back into the screen section 17 of the longitudinal electrode 4 a.
- the current path therefore spans an angle, which in the exemplary embodiment shown should be about 130 °.
- FIG. 3 shows the longitudinal electrode 4 of the spark gap 1 according to FIG. 2 in a plan view, but with the electrode cap 6 has been removed.
- the current path limiting plate 24 in the embodiment shown consists only of a circular segment, and therefore the electrode base 5 is not completely covered, but only partially and arranged on the spark burning side, in other words, the electrode arms 10,11 facing. Therefore, direct contact between the electrode base 5 and the electrode cap 6 is provided on the supply side.
- the current path limiting plate can be designed in two segments and have here on the supply side a good conductive circular segment for the formation of the current path.
- FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the spark gap 1 according to the invention, wherein the electrode assembly 2 as the embodiment according to FIG. 4 again, the longitudinal electrodes 3 and 4 and a side electrode 20 has.
- the current path limiting means of the electrode assembly 2 are realized by the current path limiting plate 24, the electrode pin 7 extending in the longitudinal direction through the current path limiting plate 24 and by the mushroom-cap-shaped configuration of the electrode cap 6.
- each electrode pin 7 made of copper so compared to the aluminum of the electrode cap 5, the graphite electrode cap 6 and the material of the current path limiting plate 24 better conductive material, so that the current path 15 first in the aluminum of the electrical supply line 8, the aluminum of the electrode cap 5 and the electrode pin 7 made of copper in the longitudinal direction, then laterally to form a first deflection point in the hemispherical screen section 17 and at the exit point 19 to form a further deflection angularly into the arc 14 to flow.
- Correspondingly large angle changes in the vicinity of the arc are established at the longitudinal electrode 4. Due to these large changes in angle, approximately one conductor loop is formed in each case, as a result of which the arc is driven into the electrode arms 10, 11 particularly quickly and also at larger electrode spacings.
- FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the spark gap 1 according to the invention, wherein in addition to the electrode assembly 2, a reservation electrode 23 is provided.
- the reservation electrode 23 is arranged with respect to the electrode arms 10 and 11, respectively, such that an arc accelerated by the magnetic fields formed according to the invention is driven into the electrode arms 10, 11 and finally collected in a controlled manner by the reservation electrode 23.
- Arc curves shown at different times the indices increase with increasing burning time of the arc 14.
- the initial arc is again provided with the reference numeral 14. It arises at the location of the smallest distance between the longitudinal electrodes 3 and 4, respectively.
- the arc 14 is driven out of the electrode area and migrates as can be seen from the courses 14 2 , 14 3 , 14 4 and 14 5 to the free end 12 or 13 of the electrode arms 10 and 11.
- the arc bulges from the reference to the reference 14 5 referenced course to the course 14 6 continues and finally burns - as is illustrated with the course 14 7 - between the reservation electrode 23 and the electrode 11th the longitudinal electrode 4.
- the reservation electrode 23 is at the same potential as the longitudinal electrode 3.
- the current waveform changes, since the spark current - as in FIG. 5 indicated by arrows - now flows over the Reservierelektrode.
- Course 14 9 indicates that an interplay between reversing electrode 23 and electrode arm 10 is established.
- FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the spark gap according to the invention 1, wherein the electrode arms 10, 11 but no longer parallel to each other - as shown in Figure 5 - but their distance from one another to their free ends increase.
- two reserve electrodes 23 are provided, which are also arranged so with respect to the free ends of the electrode arms 10 and 11, that the arc 14 is collected.
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- Spark Plugs (AREA)
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Funkenstrecke zum Bereitstellen eines Überspannungsschutzes mit einer Elektrodenanordnung, die einander zugewandte Elektroden aufweist.The invention relates to a spark gap for providing an overvoltage protection with an electrode arrangement, which has mutually facing electrodes.
Funkenstrecken werden im Bereich der Elektroenergieübertragung und -verteilung beispielsweise in Serienkompensationsanlagen eingesetzt. Solche Serienkompensationsanlagen dienen in der Regel zur Blindleistungskompensation in Wechselspannungsnetzen und fallen unter den Begriff der so genannten Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). Zur Serienkompensation wird üblicherweise eine Kondensatorbank seriell in eine Wechselspannungsleitung geschaltet, wobei schützende Ableiterbänke parallel zur Kondensatorbank angeordnet sind. Die Funkenstrecke dient zum Schutz sowohl der Kondensator- als auch Ableiterbänke. Sie kann im Vergleich mit einem mechanischen Leistungsschalter sehr schnell gezündet werden, so dass Überspannungen an den Ableiter- und Kondensatorbänken vermieden werden können.Spark gaps are used in the field of electrical energy transmission and distribution, for example in series compensation systems. Such series compensation systems are generally used for reactive power compensation in AC networks and fall under the concept of so-called Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). For series compensation, a capacitor bank is usually connected in series in an alternating voltage line, wherein protective Ableiterbänke are arranged parallel to the capacitor bank. The spark gap serves to protect both the capacitor and arrester banks. It can be ignited very quickly in comparison with a mechanical circuit breaker, so that overvoltages at the arrester and capacitor banks can be avoided.
Bekannte Funkenstrecken weisen wenigstens eine Elektrodenanordnung aus einander gegenüber liegenden Elektroden auf, deren Abstand oder Abstände so eingestellt ist, dass die Funkenstrecke unterhalb einer bestimmten Spannung nicht von selbst durchschlägt, so dass ein aktives Zünden der Funkenstrecke ermöglicht ist. Das Zünden der Funkenstrecke bewirkt die Ausbildung eines Lichtbogens zwischen den Elektroden. Nach der Ausbildung des Lichtbogens wird ein parallel zur Funkenstrecke angeordneter Leistungsschalter geschlossen und der Lichtbogen somit gelöscht.Known spark gaps have at least one electrode arrangement of opposing electrodes whose spacing or distances is set so that the spark gap below a certain voltage does not penetrate by itself, so that an active ignition of the spark gap is possible. The ignition of the spark gap causes the formation of an arc between the electrodes. After the formation of the arc, a circuit breaker arranged parallel to the spark gap is closed and the arc is thus extinguished.
Es ist zweckmäßig, dass die Funkenstrecke eine kurze Deionisationszeit aufweist, so dass diese nach Verlöschen des Lichtbogens schnell wieder ihre Spannungsfestigkeit erreicht. Hat sich die besagte Spannungsfestigkeit eingestellt, kann der parallele Leistungsschalter wieder geöffnet werden. Die Funkenstrecke ist dann wieder einsatzbereit.It is expedient that the spark gap has a short Deionisationszeit so that it quickly reaches its dielectric strength after extinction of the arc. If the said dielectric strength has stopped, the parallel circuit breaker can be opened again. The spark gap is then ready for use again.
Der Lichtbogen entsteht zunächst an einer Stelle mit dem geringsten Elektrodenabstand. Für eine kurze Deionisationszeit ist es förderlich, dass der Lichtbogen diesen Ort des geringsten Abstandes möglichst schnell verlässt. Es ist ferner bekannt, dass ein Lichtbogen durch Kräfte von Magnetfeldern antreibbar ist, die durch den Strom verursacht werden, der die Elektrodenanordnung und den Lichtbogen durchfließt. Es ist ebenso bekannt, dass eine von einem Strom durchflossene, bewegliche Leiterschleife versucht, sich zu vergrößern, da das vom Strom erzeugte Magnetfeld im Schleifeninneren dichter ist, als außerhalb. Die Stromstärke bestimmt die Stärke des Magnetfeldes und somit den Betrag der den Lichtbogen treibenden magnetischen Kraft. Die Richtung der besagten magnetischen Kraft wird durch den Strompfad bestimmt.The arc is initially created at a location with the smallest electrode spacing. For a short deionization time, it is beneficial that the arc leaves this place of the shortest distance as quickly as possible. It is also known that an arc is drivable by forces of magnetic fields caused by the current flowing through the electrode assembly and the arc. It is also known that a moving conductor loop through which a current flows attempts to enlarge, since the magnetic field generated by the current is denser inside the loop than outside. The current determines the strength of the magnetic field and thus the amount of the magnetic force driving the arc. The direction of said magnetic force is determined by the current path.
In der Praxis sind Elektrodenanordnungen dieser Art in wenigstens einem Funkenstreckengehäuse untergebracht, um die Elektroden gegen schädliche Umwelteinflüsse zu schützen.In practice, electrode assemblies of this type are housed in at least one spark gap housing to protect the electrodes against harmful environmental influences.
Aus der
Die
Aus der Patentschrift
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Funkenstrecke der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, bei der ein gebildeter Lichtbogen den Ort des geringsten Elektrodenabstandes möglichst schnell verlässt und sich dabei vergrößert.The object of the invention is to provide a spark gap of the type mentioned, in which a formed arc leaves the place of the smallest electrode gap as quickly as possible and thereby increases.
Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe dadurch, dass die Elektroden zumindest teilweise Strompfadbegrenzungsmittel zum Erzwingen eines gewünschten Strompfades in den Elektroden aufweisen. Weiterhin weisen die Elektroden Elektrodenarme auf, die sich an einer gemeinsamen Funkenbrennseite der Elektrodenanordnung erstrecken.The invention solves this problem in that the electrodes have at least partially current path limiting means for forcing a desired current path in the electrodes. Furthermore, the electrodes have electrode arms which extend on a common spark-burning side of the electrode arrangement.
Erfindungsgemäß verfügt zumindest ein Teil der Elektroden der Funkenstrecke über Strompfadbegrenzungsmittel zum Begrenzen oder Festlegen eines gewünschten Strompfades in den Elektroden selbst. Die Erfindung beruht auf der Idee, dass ein Strompfad, welcher sehr nahe am Lichtbogen zweckmäßig verläuft, eine vielfach größere Kraftwirkung auf den Lichtbogen entfaltet als weiter entfernt liegende Strompfade, die beispielsweise durch die Ausgestaltung der Zuleitungen bereitgestellt werden und aus Gründen der einzuhaltenden Spannungsfestigkeit nicht beliebig nahe am Lichtbogenentstehungsort angeordnet werden können. Je größer der Abstand der Elektroden gewählt wird, desto kleiner ist der Einfluss des Stromes in den elektrischen Zuleitungen, so dass die Strompfadbegrenzungsmittel insbesondere ab einem-bestimmten mit zunehmendem Elektrodenabstand umso förderlicher sind, um den Lichtbogen in die gewünschte Richtung zu treiben und dabei zu vergrößern. Diese Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Funkenstrecke eignet sich daher insbesondere für Hochspannungen. Hierbei ist es auch möglich, dass die Funkenstrecke mehrere Elektrodenanordnungen aufweist, die in Reihe zueinander geschaltet sind. Ein gewünschter Strompfad ist dann erreicht, wenn ein über den besagten Strompfad fließender Strom ein Magnetfeld erzeugt, das den Lichtbogen aus dem Ort seiner Entstehung treibt, um sich zu vergrößern. Ein solcher Strompfad, der über den Lichtbogen selbst führt, bildet beispielsweise einen Leiterschleifenabschnitt aus.According to the invention, at least a part of the electrodes of the spark gap has current path limiting means for limiting or defining a desired current path in the electrodes themselves. The invention is based on the idea that a current path, which runs very close to the arc, unfolds a much greater force on the arc as farther away current paths, which are provided for example by the design of the leads and can not be arranged arbitrarily close to the arc creation site for reasons of voltage resistance to be maintained. The greater the distance of the electrodes is selected, the smaller the influence of the current in the electrical leads, so that the current path limiting means, in particular from a certain with increasing electrode spacing are all the more conducive to drive the arc in the desired direction and thereby increase , This embodiment of the spark gap according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for high voltages. In this case, it is also possible for the spark gap to have a plurality of electrode arrangements which are connected in series with one another. A desired current path is achieved when a current flowing over the said current path generates a magnetic field which drives the arc out of the place of its formation in order to enlarge. Such a current path, which leads over the arc itself, forms, for example, a conductor loop section.
Gemäß einer zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung begrenzen die Strompfadbegrenzungsmittel Ausnehmungen im Inneren der Elektrode. Aufgrund der Ausnehmungen im Inneren der Elektrode ist der Funkenstrom gezwungen, um die besagten Ausnehmungen herum zu fließen. Die Strompfadbegrenzungsmittel bilden Begrenzungsabschnitte der Ausnehmungen aus, in denen der Strompfad ausgebildet ist. Die Begrenzungsabschnitte sind so ausgestaltet, dass sich der gewünschte Strompfad in unmittelbarer Umgebung des Lichtbogens ausbildet. Der über den Strompfad fließende Strom erzeugt dann ein Magnetfeld, das den Lichtbogen aus dem Ort seiner Entstehung, also aus dem Ort des geringsten Elektrodenabstandes, heraustreibt, wobei sich der Lichtbogen vergrößert mit einer kurzen Deionisationszeit im Gefolge.According to an expedient embodiment of the invention, the current path limiting means limit recesses in the interior of the electrode. Due to the recesses in the interior of the electrode, the spark current is forced to flow around said recesses. The current path limiting means form limiting sections of the recesses in which the current path is formed. The boundary sections are designed such that the desired current path is formed in the immediate vicinity of the arc. The current flowing over the current path then generates a magnetic field which drives the arc out of the place of its formation, that is to say from the location of the smallest electrode spacing, whereby the arc increases in size with a short deionization time.
Zweckmäßigerweise weisen die Strompfadbegrenzungsmittel einen Strompfadbegrenzungsstift und/oder eine Strompfadbegrenzungsplatte auf, die jeweils über eine elektrische Leitfähigkeit verfügen, die von derjenigen des restlichen Materials der jeweils zugeordneten Längselektrode abweicht. Durch den Strompfadbegrenzungsstift ist es möglich, den Strompfad in der Elektrode auf einen bestimmten Bereich zu begrenzen oder in einem Bereich der Längselektrode zu bündeln, wobei der besagte Bereich gemäß einer Variante der Strompfadbegrenzungsstift selbst ist, nämlich wenn dieser eine höhere Leitfähigkeit aufweist als das Elektrodenmaterial, in dem sich dieser erstreckt. Abweichend hiervon ist der Strompfadbegrenzungsstift aus einem Isoliermaterial gefertigt, das einen Strom schlechter leitet als das ihn umgebende Elektrodenmaterial. Gemäß dieser Ausgestaltung ist der Strom gezwungen, um den Strompfadbegrenzungsstift herum zu fließen und sich in dem verbleibenden Bereich der Elektroden auszubreiten. Die Strompfadbegrenzungsplatte besteht zweckmäßigerweise aus einem Material, das eine geringere Leitfähigkeit aufweist als das restliche Material der Elektrode, in der diese angeordnet ist.Expediently, the current path limiting means comprise a current path limiting pin and / or a current path limiting plate, each of which has an electrical conductivity which differs from that of the remaining material of the respective associated longitudinal electrode. The current path limiting pin makes it possible to limit the current path in the electrode to a specific region or to concentrate it in a region of the longitudinal electrode, said region itself being, according to a variant, the current path limiting pin itself, namely if it has a higher conductivity than the electrode material, in which this extends. Deviating from this, the current path limiting pin is made of an insulating material, which conducts a current worse than the surrounding electrode material. According to this embodiment, the current is forced to flow around the current path limiting pin and spread in the remaining area of the electrodes. The current path limiting plate is expediently made of a material which has a lower conductivity than the remaining material of the electrode in which it is arranged.
Bei einer Variante weist jede Längselektrode einen metallischen Elektrodensockel sowie eine Elektrodenkappe auf, die aus einem Kappenmaterial gefertigt ist, das eine geringere elektrische Leitfähigkeit aufweist als das Sockelmaterial des Elektrodensockels.In one variant, each longitudinal electrode has a metallic electrode base and an electrode cap, which is made of a cap material, the lower one has electrical conductivity as the base material of the electrode cap.
Zweckmäßigerweise besteht die Elektrodenkappe aus Grafit.Conveniently, the electrode cap is made of graphite.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Elektrodenkappe pilzkappenförmig ausgestattet und bildet einen halbkugelförmigen Schirmabschnitt sowie einen mit dem Schirmabschnitt verbundenen Stielabschnitt auf. Dabei begrenzen Schirmabschnitt und Stielabschnitt innere Hohlräume, die auch als Ausnehmungen bezeichnet werden können. Wie bereits weiter oben erläutert wurde, zwingen die inneren Hohlräume oder Ausnehmungen den Strom dazu, sich in dem Stielabschnitt oder Schirmabschnitt auszubreiten, so dass ein bestimmter zweckmäßiger Strompfad erzwungen wird.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrode cap is mushroom cap-shaped and forms a hemispherical screen portion and a connected to the screen portion handle portion. Umbrella portion and stem portion define internal cavities, which may also be referred to as recesses. As already explained above, the internal cavities or recesses force the current to propagate in the stem portion or shield portion, thereby forcing a certain convenient current path.
Gemäß einer diesbezüglich zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist zwischen dem Elektrodensockel und der Elektrodenkappe eine Strompfadbegrenzungsplatte angeordnet, wobei sich ein Strompfadbegrenzungsstift durch die Strompfadbegrenzungsplatte hindurch in dem Stielabschnitt erstreckt, wobei die Strompfadbegrenzungsplatte und der Strompfadbegrenzungsstift jeweils aus einem Material gefertigt sind, das eine andere Leitfähigkeit aufweist als das Material der Elektrodenkappe und/oder das Material des Elektrodensockels. Mit Hilfe des Strompfadbegrenzungsstifts, der Strompfadbegrenzungsplatte und den inneren Hohlräumen ist es ganz gezielt möglich, den Strom aus dem Elektrodensockel entweder durch den Stielabschnitt mittig in den Schirmabschnitt der Elektrodenkappe oder aber auf ganzer Länge durch den halbkugelförmigen Schirmabschnitt der Elektrodenkappe fließen zu lassen. Dem Strom kann daher eine solche Richtung aufgeprägt werden, dass ein Lichtbogen schnell aus dem initialen Elektrodenraum heraus getrieben wird, um sich zu vergrößern, wobei sich beispielsweise eine kürzere Deionisationszeit für die Funkenstrecke einstellt.According to an expedient embodiment of the invention, a current path limiting plate is arranged between the electrode cap and the electrode cap, wherein a current path limiting pin extends through the current path limiting plate in the stem portion, the current path limiting plate and the current path limiting pin are each made of a material having a different conductivity than the material of the electrode cap and / or the material of the electrode cap. With the help of the current path limiting pin, the Strompffadbegrenzungsplatte and the inner cavities, it is specifically possible to flow the current from the electrode socket either through the stem portion in the middle of the screen portion of the electrode cap or over its entire length by the hemispherical shield portion of the electrode cap. The current can therefore be impressed such that an arc is rapidly driven out of the initial electrode space to increase, for example sets a shorter deionization time for the spark gap.
Zweckmäßigerweise weist die Elektrodenanordnung zwei einander in einer Längsrichtung zugewandte Längselektroden und eine diesbezüglich in Querrichtung versetzte Seitenelektrode zum aktiven Zünden der Funkenstrecke auf, wobei der Strompfadbegrenzungsstift sich in Längsrichtung erstreckt und eine höhere Leitfähigkeit aufweist als das Material der Elektrodenkappe und der Strompfadbegrenzungsplatte. Bei einer hiervon abweichenden Variante ist keine Seitenelektrode vorgesehen. Die Funkenstrecke weist vielmehr zwei oder mehr in Reihe geschaltete Elektrodenanordnungen auf. Jede Elektrodenanordnung dieser Reihenschaltung verfügt jeweils über zwei Längselektroden. Die in der Reihenschaltung miteinander verbunden Längelektroden liegen bei Betrieb der Funkenstrecke auf einem gemeinsamen Mittelspannungspotenzial. Jede Elektrodenanordnung dieser Reihenschaltung ist üblicherweise in einem separaten Gehäuse angeordnet.The electrode arrangement expediently has two longitudinal electrodes facing one another in a longitudinal direction and a lateral electrode offset in the transverse direction for actively igniting the spark gap, wherein the current path limiting pin extends in the longitudinal direction and has a higher conductivity than the material of the electrode cap and the current path limiting plate. In a variant deviating from this, no side electrode is provided. Rather, the spark gap has two or more electrode assemblies connected in series. Each electrode arrangement of this series circuit has in each case two longitudinal electrodes. The longitudinal electrodes which are connected to one another in series connection are at a common medium voltage potential during operation of the spark gap. Each electrode arrangement of this series connection is usually arranged in a separate housing.
Ist im Rahmen der Erfindung nur eine Elektrodenanordnung vorgesehen, weist diese jedoch zweckmäßigerweise die besagte Seitenelektrode auf, die bezüglich der Längselektroden in Querrichtung versetzt angeordnet ist. Bei einer solchen Elektrodenanordnung verfügen die Längselektroden zweckmäßigerweise über einen Elektrodenstift, der sich in Längsrichtung erstreckt und eine höhere Leitfähigkeit aufweist als das Material der Elektrodenkappe und der Strompfadbegrenzungsplatte. Bei dem Einsatz einer Seitenelektrode entsteht der initiale Lichtbogen nicht zwischen den Längselektroden, sondern brennt jeweils zwischen den Längselektroden und der Seitenelektrode. Die Seitenelektrode ist auf der Funkenbrennseite und somit seitlich der Längselektroden angeordnet. Aufgrund der höheren Leitfähigkeit fließt der Funkenstrom über den Strompfadbegrenzungsstift, der sich in Längsrichtung und somit in Richtung auf die gegenüber liegende Längselektrode erstreckt. Dabei ragt der Strompfadbegrenzungsstift mit einem Ende in den halbkugelförmigen Schirmabschnitt hinein und fließt von da aus seitlich zum Fuß des initialen Lichtbogens, der sich wegen der Seitenelektrode seitlich der Längsrichtung auf der Längselektrode ausbildet. Die Strompfadbegrenzungsplatte trennt den Elektrodensockel von der Elektrodenkappe, so dass kein direkter Kontakt zwischen Elektrodensockel und Elektrodenkappe zur Ausbildung eines Strompfades besteht. Auf diese Weise werden parasitäre Strompfade verhindert. Beim Austritt des Stromes aus dem längsgerichteten Strompfadbegrenzungsstift fließt dieser seitlich durch die Elektrodenkappe zum Fuß des Lichtbogens auf der Längselektrode. Daher spannt der Strompfad bezüglich des Austrittpunktes einen Winkel auf, der sich stark von 180° unterscheidet und beispielsweise zwischen 10° und 90° variiert. Dadurch wird von dem aus dem Lichtbogen und dem Kappenabschnitt bestehenden Teilstück des Strompfades eine Leiterschleife gebildet, die aufgrund magnetischer Kräfte die Tendenz hat auseinanderzustreben, mit der Folge, dass der Lichtbogen aus dem initialen Ort, also dem Ort des geringsten Abstands der Längselektrode zur Seitenelektrode, heraus getrieben wird.If only one electrode arrangement is provided in the context of the invention, however, this expediently has the said side electrode, which is arranged offset in the transverse direction with respect to the longitudinal electrodes. In such an electrode arrangement, the longitudinal electrodes expediently have an electrode pin which extends in the longitudinal direction and has a higher conductivity than the material of the electrode cap and of the current path limiting plate. When using a side electrode of the initial arc does not arise between the longitudinal electrodes, but burns each between the longitudinal electrodes and the side electrode. The side electrode is arranged on the spark burning side and thus laterally of the longitudinal electrodes. Due to the higher conductivity of the spark current flows over the Strompfadbegrenzungsstift extending in the longitudinal direction and thus in the direction of the opposite longitudinal electrode. In this case, the Strompffadbegrenzungsstift protrudes with one end into the hemispherical screen portion and flows from there to the side of the foot of the initial arc, which forms laterally of the longitudinal direction on the longitudinal electrode because of the side electrode. The current path limiting plate separates the electrode cap from the electrode cap so that there is no direct contact between the electrode cap and the electrode cap to form a current path. In this way, parasitic current paths are prevented. When the current exits the longitudinal current path limiting pin, it flows laterally through the electrode cap to the base of the arc on the longitudinal electrode. Therefore, the current path spans an angle with respect to the exit point which differs greatly from 180 ° and varies, for example, between 10 ° and 90 °. As a result, a conductor loop is formed by the existing of the arc and the cap portion portion of the current path, which tends to diverge due to magnetic forces, with the result that the arc from the initial location, ie the location of the smallest distance of the longitudinal electrode to the side electrode, is driven out.
Wird im Rahmen der Erfindung eine Reihenschaltung von Elektrodenanordnungen vorgesehen, so kommt eine diesbezüglich abweichende Ausgestaltung zur Anwendung. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung bestehen der sich in Längsrichtung erstreckende Elektrodenstift und die Strompfadbegrenzungsplatte aus einem elektrisch nichtleitenden Isoliermaterial, wobei die Strompfadbegrenzungsplatte den Elektrodensockel nur auf einem Teil der Fläche von der Elektrodenkappe trennt. Der Trennbereich ist an der Funkenbrennseite der jeweiligen Längselektrode angeordnet. Die restliche Fläche steht für die Ausbildung des Strompfades zur Verfügung. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist keine seitlich versetzte Seitenelektrode vorgesehen, so dass sich der Lichtbogen initial zwischen den Längselektroden in Längsrichtung ausbildet.If, in the context of the invention, a series arrangement of electrode arrangements is provided, then a configuration deviating in this respect is used. In this configuration, the longitudinally extending electrode pin and the current path limiting plate are made of an electrically non-conductive insulating material, the current path limiting plate separating the electrode cap from the electrode cap only on a part of the surface. The separation region is arranged on the spark-burning side of the respective longitudinal electrode. The remaining area represents the education of the Currents available. In this embodiment of the invention, no laterally offset side electrode is provided, so that the arc initially forms between the longitudinal electrodes in the longitudinal direction.
Durch den isolierenden Strompfadbegrenzungsstift und die isolierende Strompfadbegrenzungsplatte, die nur an der Funkenbrennseite jeder Längselektrode einen direkten Kontakt zwischen Elektrodensockel und Elektrodenkappe verhindert, wird der Strom gezwungen, seitlich an der Zuleitungsseite über den halbkugelförmigen Schirmabschnitt der Elektrodenkappe zum Lichtbogenfuß zu fließen, wobei wieder ein Winkel bezüglich des Umlenkpunktes am Lichtbogenfuß des Strompfades aufgespannt wird, der zwischen 130° und 10° variiert. Wiederum wird hier, wie bereits oben ausgeführt wurde, durch das Teilstück des Strompfades eine Leiterschleife gebildet, wodurch der Lichtbogen von dem initialen Elektrodenbrennort in die Elektrodenarme getrieben wird.Due to the insulating current path limiting pin and the insulating current path limiting plate which prevents direct contact between the electrode cap and the electrode cap only at the spark burning side of each longitudinal electrode, the current is forced to flow laterally on the supply side over the hemispherical shield portion of the electrode cap to the arc root, again at an angle The deflection point is spanned at the arc root of the current path, which varies between 130 ° and 10 °. Again, as already stated above, a conductor loop is formed through the portion of the current path, whereby the arc is driven from the initial electrode burn site into the electrode arms.
Zweckmäßigerweise weisen die Elektroden Elektrodenarme auf, die sich an einer gemeinsamen Funkenbrennseite der Elektrodenanordnung erstrecken. Die Elektrodenarme der Längselektrode und gegebenenfalls der Elektrodenarm der Seitenelektrode sind vorteilhafterweise in einer gemeinsamen Ebene angeordnet. Verfügt die Elektrodenanordnung über eine Seitenelektrode ist diese zweckmäßigerweise ebenfalls in der Ebene angeordnet, die durch die Elektrodenarme der Längselektroden aufgespannt ist.Expediently, the electrodes have electrode arms which extend on a common spark-burning side of the electrode arrangement. The electrode arms of the longitudinal electrode and optionally the electrode arm of the side electrode are advantageously arranged in a common plane. If the electrode arrangement has a side electrode, this is expediently also arranged in the plane which is spanned by the electrode arms of the longitudinal electrodes.
Zweckmäßigerweise laufen die Elektrodenarme der Längselektroden unter Vergrößerung ihres Abstandes zueinander zu ihrem freien Ende hin auseinander. Gemäß dieser vorteilhaften Weise vergrößert sich der gegenseitige Abstand der Elektrodenarme zu deren freien Ende hin. Ein aus der Elektrodenanordnung durch magnetische Kräfte heraus getriebener Lichtbogen wandert somit zu dem Ort des größten Abstandes am freien Ende der Elektrodenarme mit einer noch weiter verkürzten Deionisationszeit im Gefolge.Appropriately, the electrode arms of the longitudinal electrodes run apart under increasing their distance from each other to its free end. According to this advantageous manner, the mutual distance of the electrode arms increases towards the free end. One from the electrode assembly Arcing driven by magnetic forces thus migrates to the location of the greatest distance at the free end of the electrode arms with a further shortened deionization time in the wake.
Zweckmäßigerweise sind die elektrischen Zuleitungen für Längselektroden der Elektrodenanordnung der Funkenstrecke beide gemeinsam auf der gleichen Seite angeordnet, die hier als Zuleitungsseite bezeichnet ist und der Funkenbrennseite gegenüberliegt. Dabei erstrecken sich die Zuleitungen vorteilhafterweise im Wesentlichen quer zu einem sich in der Elektrodenanordnung ausbildenden Lichtbogen. Aufgrund der gemeinsamen Anordnung der elektrischen Zuleitungen auf der Zuleitungsseite der jeweiligen Elektrodenanordnung sowie der gleichzeitigen Ausrichtung in der besagten Querrichtung wird ein Magnetfeld erzeugt, das einen an der Elektrodenanordnung entstehenden Lichtbogen vom Ort des geringsten Abstandes zwischen den Elektroden in die Elektrodenarme treibt, die an der von der Zuleitungsseite abgewandten Funkenbrennseite der Elektrodenanordnung angeordnet sind.Conveniently, the electrical leads for longitudinal electrodes of the electrode assembly of the spark gap are both arranged together on the same side, which is referred to here as the feed side and the spark burning side opposite. In this case, the supply lines advantageously extend substantially transversely to an arc forming in the electrode arrangement. Due to the common arrangement of the electrical leads on the supply side of the respective electrode assembly and the simultaneous alignment in the said transverse direction, a magnetic field is generated which drives a resulting arc at the electrode assembly from the location of the smallest distance between the electrodes in the electrode arms, which at the the supply side facing away spark ignition side of the electrode assembly are arranged.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist wenigstens eine Reservierelektrode vorgesehen, die auf dem gleichen Potenzial liegt, wie eine der Längselektroden, wobei jede Reservierelektrode so bezüglich der freien Enden der Elektrodenarme angeordnet ist, dass ein zwischen den Elektrodenarmen brennender Lichtbogen auf die Reservierelektroden überspringt.Conveniently, at least one reserving electrode is provided which is at the same potential as one of the longitudinal electrodes, each reserving electrode being positioned with respect to the free ends of the electrode arms so that an arc burning between the electrode arms will jump over to the reserving electrodes.
Wie bereits weiter oben beschrieben wurde, ist die Elektrodenanordnung gemäß der Erfindung zum Schutz vor Umwelteinflüssen in wenigstens einem Gehäuse angeordnet, das aus Platzgründen nicht beliebig groß sein darf. Das Gehäuse ist beispielsweise ein metallisches Gehäuse, wobei die Gehäusewandungen auf einem elektrischen Potenzial liegen und für den Lichtbogen ebenfalls eine Elektrode darstellen können. Ein sich zu weit ausbreitender Lichtbogen könnte somit das Gehäuse erreichen und dieses aufgrund seiner großen Hitze beschädigen. Darüber hinaus würde ein Stromfluss über das Gehäuse erfolgen. Dies ist ebenfalls unerwünscht. Auch die unkontrollierte Ausbildung eines Lichtbogens ist nachteilig. Aus diesem Grunde ist wenigstens eine Reservierelektrode vorgesehen, die zweckmäßigerweise auf einem Hochspannungspotenzial liegt, auf dem sich auch eine der Längselektroden befindet. Aufgrund der geometrischen Anordnung der Reservierelektrode und der damit verbundenen veränderten Stromzuführung wird der Lichtbogen von der Reservierelektrode wieder zurück auf die Elektrodenarme der Elektrodenanordnung oder auf eine weitere Reservierelektrode geworfen. Im Rahmen dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird der Lichtbogen daher aus dem Elektrodenraum hinaus in die Elektrodenarme getrieben, von deren Ende der Lichtbogen anschließend auf die wenigstens eine Reservierelektrode übergeht. Diese fängt somit den Lichtbogen gegebenenfalls mit Unterstützung einer weiteren Reservierelektrode ab, bevor er auf die Gehäusewandung überspringt.As already described above, the electrode arrangement according to the invention for protection against environmental influences in at least one housing is arranged, which must not be arbitrarily large for reasons of space. The housing is, for example, a metallic housing, wherein the housing walls are at an electrical potential and for the Arc can also represent an electrode. An over-spreading arc could thus reach the housing and damage it due to its high heat. In addition, there would be a flow of current through the housing. This is also undesirable. The uncontrolled formation of an arc is disadvantageous. For this reason, at least one reservation electrode is provided, which expediently lies at a high-voltage potential, on which one of the longitudinal electrodes is also located. Due to the geometric arrangement of the Reservierelektrode and the associated changed power supply, the arc is thrown from the Reservierelektrode back on the electrode arms of the electrode assembly or on another reservation electrode. In the context of this embodiment of the invention, the arc is therefore driven out of the electrode chamber into the electrode arms, from the end of which the arc then passes to the at least one reservation electrode. This thus intercepts the arc optionally with the assistance of a further reservation electrode, before it jumps over to the housing wall.
Weitere zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Vorteile der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung unter Bezug auf die Figuren der Zeichnung, wobei gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleich wirkende Bauteile verweisen und wobei
Figur 1- ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Elektrodenanordnung einer erfindungsgemäßen Funkenstrecke,
Figur 2- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Elektrodenanordnung einer erfindungsgemäßen Funkenstrecke,
Figur 3- eine Längselektrode der Funkenstrecke gemäß
Figur 2 in einer Draufsicht, wobei die Elektrodenkappe entfernt wurde, Figur 4- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Elektrodenanordnung einer erfindungsgemäßen Funkenstrecke mit einer Seitenelektrode,
Figur 5- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Elektrodenanordnung einer erfindungsgemäßen Funkenstrecke und
Figur 6- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Elektrodenanordnung einer erfindungsgemäßen Funkenstrecke zeigen.
- FIG. 1
- an embodiment of an electrode arrangement of a spark gap according to the invention,
- FIG. 2
- a further embodiment of an electrode arrangement of a spark gap according to the invention,
- FIG. 3
- a longitudinal electrode of the spark gap according to
FIG. 2 in a plan view, with the electrode cap removed, - FIG. 4
- a further embodiment of an electrode arrangement of a spark gap according to the invention with a side electrode,
- FIG. 5
- a further embodiment of an electrode arrangement of a spark gap according to the invention and
- FIG. 6
- show a further embodiment of an electrode arrangement of a spark gap according to the invention.
An der von der Zuleitungsseite abgewandten Funkenbrennseite der Elektrodenanordnung 2 erstrecken sich Elektrodenarme 10, 11 ebenfalls in einer Querrichtung, wobei jeder Elektrodenarm 10, 11 mit dem Elektrodensockel 5 der jeweils zugeordneten Längselektrode 3 beziehungsweise 4 verbunden ist. Die Zuleitungen 8, 9 der Elektrodensockel 5 und die Elektrodenarme 10,11 bestehen jeweils aus Aluminium und liegen alle in einer gemeinsamen Ebene. Am freien Ende jedes Elektrodenarmes 10 beziehungsweise 11 ist jeweils ein Abbrennabschnitt 12 beziehungsweise 13 ausgebildet, welcher aus einem Material besteht, das eine hohe Hitzebeständigkeit aufweist, so dass ein dort brennender Lichtbogen eine minimale Beschädigung hervorruft. In
Es ist erkennbar, dass sich ein nach dem Zünden der Funkenstrecke 1 fließender Strom zunächst im Aluminium des Elektrodensockels 5 und dann in dem aus Kupfer bestehenden Elektrodenstift 7 in Längsrichtung fließt, von dort aus ebenfalls in Längsrichtung fließend in den Lichtbogen 14 eintritt und dann über den Elektrodenstift 7 der Längselektrode 4 wieder abfließt. Aufgrund der Anordnung der elektrischen Zuleitungen 8 und 9 auf der gleichen Seite der Elektrodenanordnung 2, nämlich der Zuleitungsseite, und der parallelen Ausrichtung der Zuleitungen 8,9, werden Magnetfelder erzeugt, die den Lichtbogen 14 vom Ort seiner initialen Zündung zu dem freien Ende 12 beziehungsweise 13 der Elektrodenarme 10 beziehungsweise 11 treiben. Aus diesem Grunde wird dabei der Funkenstrecke 1 ein Lichtbogen schnell von seinem Entstehungsort schnell in die Elektrodenarme getrieben.It can be seen that a current flowing after the ignition of the
Claims (13)
- Spark gap (1) for providing overvoltage protection having an electrode arrangement (2) which has electrodes (3, 4, 20) that face one another, wherein at least some of the electrodes (3, 4, 20) have current-path bounding means (7, 16, 17) for forcing a desired current path in the electrodes (3, 4, 20),
characterized in that
the electrodes (3, 4, 20) have electrode arms (10, 11, 22) which extend on a common side of the electrode arrangement (2) on which the spark burns. - Spark gap (1) according to Claim 1,
characterized in that
the current-path bounding means (16, 17) border recesses (18) inside the associated electrode (3, 4, 20) in each case. - Spark gap (1) according to Claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the current-path bounding means have a current-path bounding pin (7) and/or a current-path bounding plate (24), which in each case have an electrical conductivity which differs from that of the remaining material of the associated electrode (3, 4, 20) in each case. - Spark gap (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
each electrode (3, 4, 20) has a metallic electrode base (5) and an electrode cap (6), which is made from a cap material which has a lower electrical conductivity than the base material of the electrode base (5). - Spark gap (1) according to Claim 4,
characterized in that
the electrode cap (6) is made of graphite. - Spark gap (1) according to Claim 4 or 5,
characterized in that
the electrode cap (6) is in the form of a mushroom cap and has a hemispherical shield section (17) and an elongated stem section (16) which each border internal cavities (18). - Spark gap (1) according to Claim 6,
characterized in that
a current-path bounding plate (24) is arranged between the electrode base (5) and the electrode cap (6), and a current-path bounding pin (7) extends through the current-path bounding plate (24) in the stem section (16), wherein the current-path bounding plate (24) and the electrode pin (7) are each made of a material which has a different conductivity from the material of the electrode cap (6) and/or the material of the electrode base (5). - Spark gap (1) according to Claim 7,
characterized in that
the electrode arrangement (2) has two longitudinal electrodes (3, 4) which oppose one another in a longitudinal direction and a lateral electrode (20) which is offset with respect thereto in the transverse direction for actively triggering the spark gap (1), wherein the current-path bounding pin (7) extends in the longitudinal direction and has a higher conductivity than the material of the electrode cap (6) and the current-path bounding plate (24). - Spark gap (1) according to Claim 8,
characterized in that
the current-path bounding pin (7), which extends in the longitudinal direction, and the current-path bounding plate (24) are made of an electrically non-conducting insulating material, wherein the current-path bounding plate (24) only extends partially between the electrode base (5) and the electrode cap (6). - Spark gap (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the electrode arms (10, 11) diverge towards their free end (12, 13) while the spacing between them increases. - Spark gap (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the electrode arrangement (2) has two longitudinal electrodes (3, 4) which oppose one another in a longitudinal direction and a lateral electrode (20) which is arranged offset with respect to the longitudinal electrodes (3, 4) in the transverse direction towards the side on which the spark burns, and has an electrode arm (22) which extends in the transverse direction on the side on which the spark burns. - Spark gap (1) according to Claim 11,
characterized in that
all electrode arms (10, 11, 22) extend in a common plane. - Spark gap (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
at least one reversing electrode (23) which lies at the same potential as one of the longitudinal electrodes (3, 4), wherein, with regard to the free ends of the longitudinal electrodes (3, 4), each reversing electrode (23) is arranged so that an arc burning between the electrode arms (10, 11) jumps over to the reversing electrodes (23).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2010/055724 WO2011134508A1 (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2010-04-28 | Spark gap |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2564479A1 EP2564479A1 (en) | 2013-03-06 |
EP2564479B1 true EP2564479B1 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
Family
ID=43306546
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10718554.8A Active EP2564479B1 (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2010-04-28 | Spark gap |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9118168B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2564479B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101427021B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN102934303B (en) |
RU (1) | RU2548035C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011134508A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2548035C2 (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2015-04-10 | Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт | Spark gap |
ES2938873T3 (en) | 2013-02-20 | 2023-04-17 | Techhold Llc | Surge Protection for Power Systems |
CN113396517B (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2024-08-20 | 科技持有有限责任公司 | Power grid protection by transformer neutral point blocking system and triggering phase loss |
RU191784U1 (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-08-21 | Алексей Васильевич Петров | Spark gap for the contact line support circuit |
IL298453A (en) | 2020-05-22 | 2023-01-01 | Techhold Llc | Overvoltage protection assembly |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4672259A (en) * | 1985-10-23 | 1987-06-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Power spark gap assembly for high current conduction with improved sparkover level control |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3207663A1 (en) * | 1982-03-03 | 1983-09-08 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | SURGE PROTECTOR WITH A GAS-FILLED HOUSING |
DE3233584A1 (en) * | 1982-09-10 | 1984-03-15 | G. Rau GmbH & Co, 7530 Pforzheim | ELECTRODE FOR AN ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE LINE AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR |
DE3835921C2 (en) * | 1988-10-18 | 1996-10-02 | Siemens Ag | Surge arrester with air gap |
DE19741658A1 (en) | 1997-09-16 | 1999-03-18 | Siemens Ag | Gas-filled discharge gap e.g. spark gap or surge diverter |
EP1260823B1 (en) * | 2001-05-20 | 2006-04-05 | Ernst Slamecka | Synthetic making/breaking capacity test circuit for high-voltage alternating-current circuit-breakers |
JP2008176950A (en) | 2007-01-16 | 2008-07-31 | Toshiba Corp | Lightning arrester for power transmission |
RU2548035C2 (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2015-04-10 | Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт | Spark gap |
-
2010
- 2010-04-28 RU RU2012150810/07A patent/RU2548035C2/en active
- 2010-04-28 KR KR1020127028034A patent/KR101427021B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2010-04-28 EP EP10718554.8A patent/EP2564479B1/en active Active
- 2010-04-28 CN CN201080066487.3A patent/CN102934303B/en active Active
- 2010-04-28 WO PCT/EP2010/055724 patent/WO2011134508A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-04-28 US US13/643,882 patent/US9118168B2/en active Active
- 2010-07-05 CN CN2010202519496U patent/CN201887330U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4672259A (en) * | 1985-10-23 | 1987-06-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Power spark gap assembly for high current conduction with improved sparkover level control |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2548035C2 (en) | 2015-04-10 |
US20130038977A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
WO2011134508A1 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
CN102934303B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
KR20130001732A (en) | 2013-01-04 |
CN102934303A (en) | 2013-02-13 |
RU2012150810A (en) | 2014-06-10 |
KR101427021B1 (en) | 2014-08-05 |
CN201887330U (en) | 2011-06-29 |
US9118168B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 |
EP2564479A1 (en) | 2013-03-06 |
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