CN113629686B - Intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on graphite-metal coating material - Google Patents
Intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on graphite-metal coating material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113629686B CN113629686B CN202110829489.3A CN202110829489A CN113629686B CN 113629686 B CN113629686 B CN 113629686B CN 202110829489 A CN202110829489 A CN 202110829489A CN 113629686 B CN113629686 B CN 113629686B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/044—Physical layout, materials not provided for elsewhere
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using spark-gap arresters
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on a graphite-metal coating material, which consists of a plurality of graphite-metal combined electrodes, wherein each electrode is insulated and isolated by an insulating medium, a trigger electrode is designed at the lowest electrode gap of the multilayer gaps of the graphite-metal coating, and the trigger electrode can automatically sense and couple to receive the energy of lightning overvoltage and trigger the rapid conduction of the multilayer gaps, so that the three-end overvoltage protection gap of the multilayer gap structure has the remarkable characteristics of high direct-current breakdown voltage, high voltage protection level, rapid response time, strong power frequency or direct current follow-up resistance and the like, and can be used for the protection of direct lightning stroke and lightning induced overvoltage in the application occasions of the communication field, even the power field and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an overvoltage protection device, in particular to an intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on a graphite-metal coating material.
Background
With the application of switching devices in high-voltage power transmission lines and the improvement of technical progress of electronic and information systems, the influence and harm of overvoltage on sensitive electronic devices and communication devices with weak immunity are increasingly aggravated, and overvoltage protection is an important guarantee for safe operation of electric power and communication systems.
Since the emergence of overvoltage protection spark gaps of a horn electrode structure of a phoenix contact company in Germany and overvoltage protection products of a laminated graphite structure of an Oubachterman GmbH, various domestic research institutions and production enterprises adopt the overvoltage protection gaps with the main structure based on the advantages of no arc leakage and strong subsequent current suppression capability of the laminated overvoltage protection gaps, and invent more or less overvoltage protection gaps with specific functions in the aspects of peripheral voltage-equalizing circuits, failure indication and the like, such as: ZL 02107856.4 is a spark gap device for carrying lightning current, ZL 200710049004.9 high-efficiency laminated graphite discharge gap device and the like.
The overvoltage protection gap of the laminated graphite structure solves the technical problem that the subsequent current inhibition capability of a single gap (such as a horn gap) is poor to a certain extent, but has the following defects:
the leading-out electrode of the overvoltage protection gap with the laminated graphite structure has large contact resistance with the graphite electrode due to unreliable electrical connection between the leading-out metal electrode and the graphite electrode, and when lightning current flows through, the contact part is easy to break down due to overheating, thus seriously influencing the stable reliability and the service life of the operation of the overvoltage protection gap.
In order to improve the subsequent power frequency follow current resistance of the laminated graphite gaps, the subsequent power frequency follow current resistance is usually realized by increasing the number of the laminated graphite gaps, so that the impact breakdown voltage of the laminated graphite gaps is increased while the reliability under normal work is increased and the subsequent power frequency follow current resistance is improved, the overvoltage protection level is correspondingly reduced, and the technical problem that the subsequent power frequency resistance and the voltage protection of the gap type overvoltage protector are mutually restricted is not effectively solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on a graphite-metal coating material aiming at the defects of the existing laminated graphite gap, which remarkably improves the protection performance of the multilayer overvoltage protection gap, effectively solves the technical problem that the alternating current/direct current voltage tolerance capability, the follow current resistance capability and the voltage protection level of the overvoltage protection gap are mutually restricted, and can also solve the defect that the weldability of the graphite gap and an externally-led electrical connection metal electrode is poor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical application:
an intelligent multi-layer gap overvoltage protector based on graphite-metal coating material is formed by connecting multiple layers of discharge gaps formed by multiple graphite-metal material electrodes in series in an insulating shell, wherein an upper extraction electrode, a lower extraction electrode and a trigger electrode which are arranged in the multiple layers of discharge gaps are connected with an automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism, and the high arc ablation resistance of the graphite material and the automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism are utilized to output trigger pulses to the trigger electrode, so that trigger discharge is preferentially formed between the trigger electrode and the lower extraction electrode, and further, the discharge gaps of all the layers of the multi-layer gap overvoltage protector are rapidly conducted.
Furthermore, n pairs of discharge gaps formed by a plurality of graphite-metal electrodes are arranged in the insulating shell, two adjacent electrodes are insulated and isolated by insulating medium materials and then are connected in series through insulating connecting rods penetrating through the electrodes and the insulating medium materials, the insulating medium materials are of annular structures, and the outer outlines of the insulating medium materials are the same as the shapes of the electrodes;
the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer of the multi-layer discharge gaps are respectively led out of an insulating shell to be used as an upper lead-out electrode and a lower lead-out electrode, the lead-out electrodes are welded on a graphite-metal electrode metal layer, a trigger electrode is arranged between the nth discharge gaps and led out of the insulating shell, the trigger electrode is isolated from the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the nth discharge gap by an insulating medium, the trigger electrode is of an annular structure, and the external outline of the trigger electrode is the same as the shape of each electrode of the discharge gaps;
the automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism is connected among the upper extraction electrode, the lower extraction electrode and the trigger electrode.
Furthermore, the automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism is composed of an upper coupling capacitor, a lower coupling capacitor and an isolation gap connected between the upper coupling capacitor and the lower coupling capacitor which are connected in series, two input ends of the automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism are respectively connected with the upper extraction electrode and the lower extraction electrode, and the output end of the automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism is connected between the trigger electrode and the lower extraction electrode.
Further, the graphite-metal material electrode is a sheet electrode cut by spraying a metal material on the outer surface of the graphite rod, and the metal layer is positioned on the outer side of the sheet electrode in the horizontal direction.
Furthermore, the graphite-metal material electrode is round, square or oval, and the thickness of the metal sprayed on the outer side of the electrode is 50-300 μm.
Furthermore, a metal layer is sputtered on one side of the graphite-metal material electrode in the horizontal direction, and the metal layer is not covered on the other side of the graphite-metal material electrode.
Furthermore, the gap between two adjacent graphite-metal material electrodes is 0.5-1.5mm, the distance between two adjacent electrodes is equal or unequal, the thickness of the insulating medium material between the graphite-metal material electrodes is consistent with the gap distance between the electrodes, the ring width of the insulating medium material is 5-10mm, and a horizontal ring groove with the depth of 0.2-0.5 is arranged in the horizontal direction of the inner side of the medium.
Further, the sputtered metal coating material is aluminum, copper or aluminum-zinc alloy.
Further, the insulating medium between the trigger electrode and the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the nth discharge gap is ceramic.
Furthermore, the widths of the trigger electrodes and the insulating medium rings between the trigger electrodes and the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the nth discharge gap are 1/4 to 1/3 of the size width of the electrodes of each discharge gap.
The invention relates to an intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on a graphite-metal coating material, wherein a multilayer overvoltage protection gap consists of a plurality of electrodes, two adjacent electrodes are insulated and isolated by an insulating medium material, the isolation height of the insulating medium is matched with the gap distance of the adjacent electrodes of the multilayer gap overvoltage protector, and the graphite-metal material is adopted as the electrode material of the multilayer gap overvoltage protector, so that the leading-out electrode of the overvoltage protector and the multilayer overvoltage protector have excellent weldability, and the serious defect of lightning stroke accidents caused by unreliable performance or even failure of the leading-out electrode due to poor weldability of the conventional graphite multilayer gap overvoltage protector is thoroughly overcome.
The invention reduces the number of discharge gaps of the multilayer overvoltage protector, increases the nth gap distance Dgn, and adds the trigger electrode and the automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism between the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the nth gap, when the lightning overvoltage occurs, the trigger electrode can automatically sense and couple the energy of the lightning overvoltage to receive the energy of the lightning overvoltage and output the trigger pulse to the trigger electrode, so that the trigger discharge is preferentially formed between the trigger electrode and the lower extraction electrode, the nth discharge gap is rapidly broken down, and further other discharge gaps of the multilayer overvoltage protector are rapidly broken down. The problem that the power frequency withstand voltage, the follow current resistance, the lightning impulse voltage protection level and the response time of the multi-layer gap overvoltage protector are mutually restricted is effectively solved, and the multi-layer structure overvoltage protection gap has the remarkable characteristics of high direct current breakdown voltage, high voltage protection level, quick response time, strong power frequency or direct current follow-up resistance and the like.
The thickness of the insulating medium material between each graphite-metal material electrode is consistent with the gap distance between the electrodes, and a ring groove with the depth of 0.2-0.5mm is arranged in the horizontal direction of the inner side of the medium, so that the pollution of metal steam to the inner side of the insulating medium when the overvoltage protection gap passes through large current can be prevented particularly under the condition that the gap distance between two adjacent electrodes is large.
The widths of the trigger electrode and the insulating medium ring between the trigger electrode and the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the nth discharge gap are 1/4 to 1/3 of the size width of each discharge gap electrode, and the gap distance between the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the discharge gap is obviously increased at the position of the trigger electrode and can be different from other gap distances.
Through the structural design of the graphite-metal electrode and the automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism, the intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector with high current passing capability and weldability can be used for protecting direct lightning stroke and lightning induced overvoltage in the application occasions such as the communication field, even the electric power field and the like.
The metal layer is formed by sputtering aluminum, copper or aluminum-zinc alloy material on one side or two sides of the graphite electrode, so that the electrode has excellent weldability compared with the existing full graphite electrode, and the defect of reduced protective performance caused by unreliable electric contact is effectively overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a first structural schematic diagram of the graphite-metal plating material of the present invention;
FIG. 1b is a schematic structural diagram of the graphite-metal plating material of the present invention;
FIG. 1c is a schematic cross-sectional view of a rectangular graphite-metal coating material;
FIG. 1d is a schematic cross-sectional view of a round bar graphite-metal plating material;
FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of the electrode structure of the multilayer gap overvoltage protector of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a second schematic diagram of the electrode structure of the multi-layer gap overvoltage protector of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of one of the discharge gaps of the multilayer gap overvoltage protector of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a high solderability, multi-layer gap overvoltage protector of graphite-metal plated material;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the high solderability intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on graphite-metal plating material of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the high solderability intelligent multi-layer gap overvoltage protector based on a graphite-metal plating material in accordance with the present invention;
in the figure: 1-upper extraction electrode; 2-lower extraction electrode; 3-a trigger electrode; 4-an insulating housing; 5-insulating connecting rod.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
Referring to fig. 1 a-1 d, the intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on graphite-metal plating material of the present invention, wherein the graphite-metal electrode material is formed by sputtering metal material on the outer surface of a graphite rod, which may be double-sided or single-sided as shown in fig. 1a and 1b, the graphite rod may be a round rod, a rectangular rod or a square rod, and the rectangular section and the circular section of the graphite-metal material are respectively shown in fig. 1c and 1 d; the sputtered metal material can be aluminum, copper or other materials, the thickness D of the metal sputtering layer can be controlled to be 50-300 μm, and the metal sputtering process can be realized by an electric arc spraying device.
The preparation process of the graphite-metal coating material comprises the following steps: (1) mounting a round rod or a rectangular graphite rod on a rotatable mechanism; (2) roughening the outer surface of the round rod or the rectangular graphite rod; (3) spraying a metal material on the surface of the roughened graphite rod by using electric arc spraying equipment, and forming a metal spraying layer with a certain thickness on the surface of the graphite rod by the rotation of the graphite rod and the automatic control and reciprocating movement of the electric arc spraying equipment.
Referring to fig. 2a and 2b, the graphite-metal plated electrode material is machined into a multi-layered electrode having a desired structure of a multi-layered graphite gap overvoltage protector based on a graphite-metal plated material formed by an arc spraying process, and each of the graphite-metal electrodes may be an electrode in which a metal or alloy layer is sprayed on both sides as shown in fig. 2a or an electrode in which a metal or alloy layer is sprayed on one side as shown in fig. 2b, which is circular, square or other shapes.
Referring to fig. 3, the electrodes may form a plurality of discharge gaps of the multi-gap overvoltage protector, and a circular hole with a diameter of 3-5mm may be formed in the center of each electrode, so as to facilitate the movement of the conduction carriers between different gaps and improve the protection performance of the overvoltage protection gap. The gap distances between every two adjacent electrodes of the multilayer gap overvoltage protector are Dg1, dg2, … … and Dgn respectively, and the magnitude of the gap distances can be controlled to be 0.2-0.5 mm; the adjacent two electrodes are respectively isolated by insulation medium isolation I1, I2, … … and In insulation, wherein the heights of the insulation isolation I1, I2 and … … and In are Hg1, hg2, … … and Hgn, and are matched with the gap distance between the adjacent two electrodes. The shape of the insulating medium isolation is a circular, square or oval structure with a mesopore, which is matched with the circular, square or oval structure of the electrode.
Referring to fig. 4, the multi-layer gap overvoltage protector with high weldability based on graphite-metal plating material of the invention, a plurality of electrodes of discharge gaps G1, … …, gn, insulating medium isolation I1, … …, in and the like are installed In an insulating shell 4, and after insulating isolation is carried out between two adjacent electrodes by using insulating medium material, the two adjacent electrodes are connected In series through insulating connecting rods 5 penetrating through the electrodes and the insulating medium material. The discharge gaps G1, … …, gn are composed of a plurality of adjacent electrodes, and the discharge gap G1 (the 1 st gap) is formed between two adjacent graphite-metal coating material electrodesUpper and lower electrodes E 1u ，E 1d ) … …, gn (the upper and lower electrodes E of the nth gap) nu ，E nd ) The gap distances are Dg1, … … and Dgn respectively, the adjacent two electrodes are isolated from each other by insulating media I1, … … and In to realize electrical insulation, and the heights of the insulation isolation are Hg1, … … and Hgn respectively. For the sake of simplicity, the lower electrode of the adjacent two discharge gaps and the upper electrode of the lower gap may be shared.
Referring to fig. 5, in order to solve the problem of mutual restriction between the power frequency withstand voltage and the lightning voltage protection level under the normal operation condition of the multilayer graphite gap, the present invention reduces the number of discharge gaps (for example, the number of discharge gaps can be reduced from 10 to 6) of the passive multilayer overvoltage protector, adds a trigger electrode 3 between the upper and lower electrodes of the nth gap, and designs an intelligent control switch mechanism, i.e., an automatic overvoltage coupling trigger mechanism, on the basis of the passive multilayer overvoltage protector shown in fig. 4.
The intelligent control switch mechanism is a two-port network, two input ends of the intelligent control switch mechanism are electrically connected with an upper extraction electrode 1 and a lower extraction electrode 2 of the overvoltage protection gap, and two output ends of the intelligent control switch mechanism are electrically connected between a trigger electrode and the lower extraction electrode 2. The trigger electrode can be made of metal or alloy (such as copper, aluminum or aluminum-zinc alloy), and is connected with the upper electrode E of the nth gap nu And a lower electrode E nd The electrodes are isolated by insulating medium, the insulating medium material can be the same as that of the insulating medium isolating material between other electrodes, and high-dielectric coefficient medium material with strong releasing capacity, such as ceramic, can also be selected.
The structure and main working characteristics of the trigger electrode include the following aspects:
the nth gap distance Dgn may be 2-4 times or more the other gap distances, with the addition of a trigger electrode in the gap, the trigger electrode being in contact with the upper electrode E of the nth gap nu And a lower electrode E nd The insulating medium is adopted to separate the two parts. Wherein, the trigger electrode and the nth gap lower electrode E nd The distance between the first and the second insulating medium or the height of the insulating medium can be controlled within 1-2mm and the nth gapUpper electrode E nu The distance between the two electrodes or the height of the insulating medium is larger than that of the lower electrode E nd The distance between the two can be controlled to be 1-2mm or more;
trigger electrode and its n-th gap upper electrode E nu And a lower electrode E nd The shape of the insulating medium isolation structure is the same as that of the main electrode, and the ring width of the trigger electrode and the insulating medium isolation structure can be controlled in the range of 1/4 to 1/3 of the size of the main electrode.
Referring to fig. 6, one of the simplest embodiments of the automatic overvoltage coupling trigger mechanism is shown. The automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism can be composed of an upper coupling capacitor C1, a lower coupling capacitor C2 and an isolation gap G. The automatic overvoltage coupling trigger mechanism is connected in parallel with the graphite-metal coating multilayer overvoltage protection gap, specifically: two input ends of the automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism are respectively connected with an upper extraction electrode 1 and a lower extraction electrode 2 of the multilayer gap overvoltage protector, and an output end S of the automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism is electrically connected between the trigger electrode and the lower extraction electrode 2. When the thunder overvoltage occurs, the automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism automatically couples the overvoltage signal and generates a trigger high-voltage pulse on the lower capacitor of the automatic overvoltage mechanism, and the isolation gap of the automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism is quickly broken down and conducted, so that the trigger electrode of the multilayer overvoltage protector and the lower electrode E of the nth gap are connected nd Flashover discharge breakdown is generated between the first electrode and the second electrode, an initial trigger carrier is generated, the nth electrode of the multilayer gap overvoltage protector is quickly conducted, and therefore the 1 st to n-1 st gaps are conducted due to overvoltage breakdown, and the lightning overvoltage protection process is completed.
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on graphite-metal coating materials is characterized in that: the device is characterized in that a plurality of layers of discharge gaps formed by a plurality of graphite-metal material electrodes arranged in an insulating shell (4) are connected in series, an automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism is connected among an upper extraction electrode (1), a lower extraction electrode (2) and a trigger electrode (3) arranged in the plurality of layers of discharge gaps, and trigger discharge is preferentially formed between the trigger electrode (3) and the lower extraction electrode (2) by utilizing the high arc ablation resistance of a graphite material and the automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism to output trigger pulses to the trigger electrode (3), so that the discharge gaps of each layer of the multilayer gap overvoltage protector are rapidly conducted.
2. The intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on graphite-metal coating material as claimed in claim 1 wherein: n pairs of discharge gaps formed by a plurality of graphite-metal electrodes are arranged in an insulating shell (4), two adjacent electrodes are insulated and isolated by insulating medium materials and then are connected in series through insulating connecting rods (5) penetrating through the electrodes and the insulating medium materials, the insulating medium materials are in annular structures, and the outer outlines of the insulating medium materials are the same as the shapes of the electrodes;
the uppermost layer electrode and the lowermost layer electrode of the multi-layer discharge gaps are respectively led out of an insulating shell (4) to be used as an upper leading-out electrode (1) and a lower leading-out electrode (2), the leading-out electrodes are welded on a graphite-metal electrode metal layer, a trigger electrode (3) is arranged between the nth discharge gaps and led out of the insulating shell (4), the trigger electrode (3) is isolated from the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the nth discharge gap by insulating media, the trigger electrode (3) is of an annular structure, and the external outline of the trigger electrode is the same as the shape of each electrode of the discharge gaps;
the automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism is connected among the upper extraction electrode (1), the lower extraction electrode (2) and the trigger electrode (3).
3. The intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on graphite-metal coating material as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism consists of an upper coupling capacitor, a lower coupling capacitor and an isolation gap, wherein the upper coupling capacitor and the lower coupling capacitor are connected in series, the isolation gap is connected between the upper coupling capacitor and the lower coupling capacitor, two input ends of the automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism are respectively connected with an upper extraction electrode (1) and a lower extraction electrode (2), and an output end of the automatic overvoltage energy coupling trigger mechanism is connected between a trigger electrode (3) and the lower extraction electrode (2).
4. An intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on graphite-metal plated material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the graphite-metal material electrode is a sheet electrode cut by spraying a metal material on the outer surface of a graphite bar, and the metal layer is positioned on the outer side of the sheet electrode in the horizontal direction.
5. The intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on graphite-metal coating material as claimed in claim 4 wherein: the graphite-metal material electrode is round, square or oval, and the thickness of the metal sprayed on the outer side of the electrode is 50-300 mu m.
6. The intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on graphite-metal coating material as claimed in claim 4 wherein: and a metal layer is sputtered on one side of the graphite-metal material electrode in the horizontal direction, and the metal layer is not covered on the other side of the graphite-metal material electrode.
7. The intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on graphite-metal coating material as claimed in claim 4 wherein: the gap between two adjacent graphite-metal material electrodes is 0.5-1.5mm, the distance between two adjacent electrodes is equal or unequal, the thickness of the insulating medium material between the graphite-metal material electrodes is consistent with the gap distance between the electrodes, the ring width of the insulating medium material is 5-10mm, and a ring groove with the depth of 0.2-0.5mm is arranged in the horizontal direction of the inner side of the medium.
8. The intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on graphite-metal coating material as claimed in claim 4 wherein: the sputtered metal coating material is aluminum, copper or aluminum-zinc alloy.
9. The intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on graphite-metal coating material as claimed in claim 4 wherein: the insulating medium between the trigger electrode (3) and the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the nth discharge gap is ceramic.
10. The intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on graphite-metal coated material as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the widths of the trigger electrodes (3) and the insulating medium rings between the trigger electrodes (3) and the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the nth discharge gap are 1/4 to 1/3 of the width of the electrode size of each discharge gap.
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