CN113612211B - High-weldability controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on copper-chromium alloy - Google Patents
High-weldability controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on copper-chromium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high weldability controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on copper-chromium alloy, which consists of fixed multilayer gaps, controllable multilayer gaps and an intelligent controllable switch, wherein an engineering multilayer structure overvoltage protection gap is manufactured by utilizing high good electric conduction, heat conduction energy, high hardness, wear resistance and explosion resistance of the copper-chromium alloy as well as machinability and weldability, an automatic overvoltage coupling trigger circuit of the intelligent controllable switch can automatically couple overvoltage energy to output trigger pulses to trigger the conduction of a three-electrode discharge switch of the intelligent controllable switch, so that the controllable part of the multilayer gap is short-circuited, and the overvoltage gap of the multilayer structure has the remarkable characteristics of high alternating current and direct current withstand voltage, high lightning voltage protection level, quick response time, strong power frequency or direct current follow-up current resistance and the like, and can be used for the protection of direct lightning stroke and lightning induced overvoltage in application occasions such as the communication field, even the electric power field and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an overvoltage protection device, in particular to a high-weldability controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on copper-chromium alloy.
Background
With the application of switching devices in high-voltage power transmission lines and the improvement of technical progress of electronic and information systems, the influence and harm of overvoltage on sensitive electronic devices and communication devices with weak immunity are increasingly aggravated, and overvoltage protection is an important guarantee for safe operation of electric power and communication systems.
Since the emergence of overvoltage protection spark gaps of a horn electrode structure of a phoenix contact company in Germany and overvoltage protection products of a laminated graphite structure of an Oubachterman GmbH, various domestic research institutions and production enterprises adopt the overvoltage protection gaps with the main structure based on the advantages of no arc leakage and strong subsequent current suppression capability of the laminated overvoltage protection gaps, and invent more or less overvoltage protection gaps with specific functions in the aspects of peripheral voltage-equalizing circuits, failure indication and the like, such as: ZL 02107856.4 is a lightning current-bearing spark gap device, ZL200710049004.9 is a high-efficiency laminated graphite discharge gap device and the like.
The overvoltage protection gap of the laminated graphite structure solves the technical problem that the subsequent current inhibition capability of a single gap (such as a horn gap) is poor to a certain extent, but has the following defects:
(1) Due to the brittleness of the graphite material, the machining and installation difficulty is high, and the assembly efficiency is low;
(2) The leading-out electrode of the overvoltage protection gap with the laminated graphite structure has large contact resistance with the graphite electrode due to unreliable electrical connection between the leading-out metal electrode and the graphite electrode, and when lightning current flows through, the contact part is easy to break down due to overheating, thus seriously influencing the reliability of the operation of the overvoltage protection gap and the service life.
In order to improve the capability of the multilayer graphite gaps for inhibiting power frequency or direct current subsequent current, the number of the discharge gaps of the multilayer graphite gaps is increased, so that alternating current and direct current withstand voltages are increased, but the lightning protection voltage level is reduced, and the technical problem that the alternating current and direct current withstand and the lightning protection level are mutually restricted cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-weldability controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on copper-chromium alloy aiming at the defects of the existing laminated graphite gap, which remarkably improves the protection performance of the multilayer overvoltage protection gap, effectively solves the technical problem that the alternating current/direct current voltage tolerance capability and the follow current resistance capability of the overvoltage protection gap are mutually restricted with the lightning overvoltage protection level, and can also effectively solve the fatal defect that the traditional graphite gap and an externally-led electrical connection metal electrode have poor weldability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a high-weldability controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on copper-chromium alloy comprises a fixed multilayer gap part, a controllable multilayer gap part and an intelligent controllable switch;
the fixed multilayer gap part and the controllable multilayer gap part are formed by connecting multiple layers of discharge gaps in series, and the fixed multilayer gap part and the controllable multilayer gap part are connected in series; each layer of discharge gap consists of two trapezoid-like copper-chromium alloy electrodes and an intermediate insulating medium material which are arranged in pairs, each trapezoid-like electrode comprises a middle trapezoid structure and extending parts extending outwards from two sides of the trapezoid structure, the tops of the two trapezoid-like electrodes are symmetrically arranged in opposite directions, and the insulating medium material with an annular structure is positioned between the extending parts of the two trapezoid-like electrodes;
the input end of the intelligent controllable switch can automatically couple energy from overvoltage, the output end of the intelligent controllable switch is connected with the controllable multilayer gap part in parallel, and when the overvoltage is operated and the lightning overvoltage is detected, the intelligent controllable switch can rapidly conduct the short-circuit controllable multilayer gap part.
Further, the multi-layer discharge gaps arranged in the insulating housing are connected in series by insulating connecting rods penetrating through the electrodes and insulating dielectric materials, and the insulating dielectric materials are of annular structures;
the uppermost electrode of the fixed multilayer gap part and the lowermost electrode of the controllable multilayer gap part are respectively led out of an insulating shell to be used as an upper leading-out electrode and a lower leading-out electrode, the lowermost electrode of the fixed multilayer gap part and the uppermost electrode of the controllable multilayer gap part are connected with the leading-out insulating shell to be used as a trigger electrode, and the output end of the intelligent controllable switch is connected with the trigger electrode and the lower leading-out electrode.
Furthermore, the intelligent controllable switch comprises an automatic energy coupling trigger circuit and a trigger type switch, wherein the automatic energy coupling trigger circuit consists of an upper coupling capacitor C1, a lower coupling capacitor C2, an isolation gap connected between the upper coupling capacitor C1 and the lower coupling capacitor C2 and a pulse transformer T;
two input ends of the automatic energy coupling trigger circuit are respectively connected with the upper extraction electrode and the lower extraction electrode or respectively connected with the trigger electrode and the lower extraction electrode, and the output end of the trigger type switch is connected between the trigger electrode and the lower extraction electrode.
Further, the copper-chromium alloy electrode is circular, square or oval in shape.
Furthermore, the distance between the two electrodes in each discharge gap is 0.5-1.5mm, and the thickness of the insulating medium material is 1.5-2 times of the distance between the two electrodes.
Furthermore, chamfering processing is carried out on the top of the middle trapezoid structure of the trapezoid-like electrode and the joint of the middle trapezoid structure and the extension part.
Furthermore, the number of the discharge gaps of the controllable multilayer gap part accounts for 10-30% or more than 50% of the total number of the gaps of the voltage protector.
The invention relates to a high weldability controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on copper-chromium alloy, wherein a fixed multilayer gap part and a controllable multilayer gap part are formed by connecting multilayer discharge gaps arranged in an insulating shell in series, each layer of discharge gap consists of two trapezoid-like copper-chromium alloy electrodes arranged in pairs and an intermediate insulating medium material, and the lead-out electrode of the overvoltage protector and the multilayer overvoltage protector have excellent weldability by utilizing an engineered multilayer structure overvoltage protection gap which is manufactured by utilizing high and good conductivity, heat conduction energy, high hardness, wear resistance and explosion resistance of the copper-chromium alloy and machinability and weldability, thereby thoroughly solving the serious defect of lightning stroke accidents caused by unreliable performance or even failure of the conventional graphite multilayer gap overvoltage protector due to poor weldability of the lead-out electrode.
The fixed multilayer gap part and the controllable multilayer gap part are connected in series, the output end of the intelligent controllable switch is connected with the controllable multilayer gap part in parallel, the intelligent controllable switch cannot influence the working state of the controllable multilayer protective gap part under a normal working state, the whole multilayer gap bears the AC/DC working voltage, and the running safety is good; when the operation overvoltage and the lightning overvoltage are carried out, the intelligent controllable switch can rapidly conduct the short-circuit controllable multi-layer gap part, the volt-ampere characteristic of the multi-layer overvoltage protection gap is effectively improved, and the power frequency withstand voltage characteristic and the lightning voltage protection level of the multi-layer overvoltage protection gap are improved.
The invention adds the trigger electrode and the intelligent controllable switch in the multilayer gap structure, and controls the controllable part of the multilayer gap overvoltage protector by adopting the intelligent controllable switch, so that the controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector not only has the weldability for externally and electrically connecting the electrodes, but also has the obvious characteristics of high AC/DC withstand voltage, high lightning voltage protection level, quick response time, strong power frequency or DC follow-up current resistance and the like in the overvoltage gap of the multilayer structure, well solves the technical problem that the power frequency, DC withstand and lightning voltage protection level difference of the multilayer gap overvoltage protector are mutually restricted, and can be used for the protection of direct lightning stroke and lightning induced overvoltage in the application occasions such as the communication field, even the power field and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Cu-Cr alloy electrode material of the multi-layer gap overvoltage protector of the present invention
FIG. 1b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a rectangular Cu-Cr alloy material
FIG. 1c is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bar-shaped Cu-Cr alloy material
FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Cu-Cr alloy electrode of the multi-layer gap overvoltage protector of the present invention
FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Cu-Cr alloy electrode of the multi-layer gap overvoltage protector of the present invention
FIG. 2c is a schematic diagram of the structure of the discharge gap of the Cu-Cr alloy electrode of the multi-layer gap overvoltage protector of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on high solderability in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intelligent controllable switch of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-upper extraction electrode; 2-lower extraction electrode; 3-a trigger electrode; 4-an insulating housing; 5-insulating connecting rod.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
Referring to fig. 1 a-1 c, the electrode material of the present invention based on a high solderability multilayer gap overvoltage protection gap employs a copper-chromium alloy. The base material of the copper-chromium alloy can be a round bar or a rectangular or square bar, and the rectangular section and the round section of the base material of the copper-chromium alloy are respectively shown in fig. 1b and fig. 1 c.
Referring to fig. 2a and 2b, a copper-chromium alloy material is machined into a plurality of pairs of electrodes of a structure required by the multilayer gap overvoltage protector, each pair of copper-chromium alloy electrodes is composed of two trapezoid-like electrodes, each trapezoid-like electrode comprises a middle trapezoid structure and extending parts extending outwards from two sides of the trapezoid structure, and the tops of the two trapezoid-like electrodes are oppositely and symmetrically arranged to form one pair of electrodes. Particularly, a round hole with the diameter of 3-5mm or a square hole or a long-strip hole with the side length of 3-5mm can be designed at the center of the copper-chromium electrode, as shown in fig. 2b, and the function of the copper-chromium electrode is to form an initial trigger carrier to move between gaps formed by different electrodes, so that the protection characteristic of a multilayer overvoltage gap is improved; . The copper-chromium alloy material is processed into the electrode pair shown in fig. 2a and fig. 2b, the top of the middle trapezoid structure of the trapezoid-like electrode and the chamfer structure with a certain angle at the joint of the middle trapezoid structure and the extension part are formed, so that the distortion of electric field distribution caused by point discharge is avoided, and the breakdown characteristic of the overvoltage protector is changed. The copper-chromium electrodes shown in fig. 2a and 2b are separated by an insulating medium to form a pair of discharge electrodes of the multi-layer gap overvoltage protector, as shown in fig. 2 c.
As shown in FIG. 3, the uppermost pair of discharge electrodes (the upper and lower electrodes E of the 1 st gap) of the multi-gap overvoltage protector 1u ，E 1d ) The discharge gap G1 is formed, the discharge gap distance is Dg1, and the magnitude thereof can be controlled between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm; the discharge electrodes of the multi-layer gaps are isolated by insulating medium I1, 8230, 8230and In, wherein the insulating isolation I1, 8230, the height or thickness of In is Hg1, 8230, hgn. The insulating medium isolates I1, \8230 \ 8230;, the height or thickness Hg1, \8230;, hgn is larger than the discharge gap distance Dg1, \8230;, dgn, the larger multiple of which can be controlled between 1.5 and 2 times, and the discharge of the multilayer overvoltage protector can be ensured to pass through the discharge gap of the overvoltage protector instead of using the insulating medium to generate the creeping discharge to influence the breakdown characteristic and the service life of the multilayer overvoltage protector.The shape of the insulating medium isolation between the copper-chromium electrodes is a circular, square or oval structure with a mesopore, which is matched with the circular, square or oval structure of the electrodes.
Referring to fig. 3, the controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on high weldability copper-chromium alloy of the invention mainly comprises multilayer gaps and an intelligent controllable switch, wherein the multilayer gaps comprise a fixed multilayer gap part and a controllable multilayer gap part, the fixed multilayer gap part and the controllable multilayer gap part are connected in series, and the intelligent controllable switch is connected with the controllable multilayer gap part in parallel.
The fixed and controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on high weldability G1, 8230, 8230Gn multiple gap and intelligent controllable switch are installed in the insulating casing. The two copper-chromium alloy electrodes shown in FIG. 2a form a discharge gap G1, 8230, gn, with gap distances of Dg1, 8230, and Dgn; i1, 8230, in is isolated between two copper-chromium alloy electrodes through an insulating medium, electrical insulation is realized by the In, and the heights of the insulating isolation are Hg1, 8230, hgn and Hgn respectively.
Referring to fig. 3, the controllable multi-layer gap overvoltage protector based on high solderability divides all multi-layer gaps G1, \8230;, gn multi-gaps into two parts, a fixed multi-layer gap and a controllable multi-layer gap, wherein in the fixed and controllable multi-layer gap parts, the number of discharge gaps of the controllable multi-layer gap can be controlled to be 10-30% (or 50% or the like higher ratio) of the total gap number. The fixed multilayer gap part and the controllable multilayer gap part of the multilayer gap overvoltage protector are connected in series, and an upper electrode of the fixed multilayer gap, a lower electrode of the controllable part and a trigger electrode (the lower electrode of the fixed multilayer gap and the upper electrode of the controllable multilayer gap are electrically connected to form the trigger electrode of the multilayer gap) form three electrical connection ends of the multilayer gap.
Referring to fig. 4, an electrical schematic of the intelligent controllable switch of the present invention includes a trigger type switch and an automatic energy coupling trigger circuit. The intelligent controllable switch is a two-port circuit network, and its input terminal can be electrically connected to both ends of the controllable multi-layer gap as shown in fig. 3, or can be electrically connected to both ends of the whole multi-layer gap as shown in fig. 3. The working principle of the multilayer gap controllable overvoltage protector is as follows: the automatic lightning overvoltage coupling circuit of the intelligent controllable switch consists of an upper coupling capacitor C1, a lower coupling capacitor C2, an isolation gap and a pulse transformer T, under the action of lightning overvoltage or operation overvoltage, the voltage on the lower coupling capacitor C2 enables the isolation gap to be conducted, pulse voltage is induced at two ends of the primary side of the pulse transformer T due to the passing of pulse current, the primary side of the pulse transformer T is amplified by the pulse transformer T (a boosting transformer) and then outputs trigger overvoltage, sufficient trigger voltage and general charged particles are provided for the trigger switch, the conduction speed of the intelligent controllable switch is accelerated, the intelligent controllable switch has better overvoltage protection performance than a passive (non-contact electrode) multilayer gap, and the ratio of the pulse breakdown voltage to the direct current breakdown voltage of the intelligent controllable switch can be regulated to be close to 1 or even far smaller than 1.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the overvoltage protection principle of the controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on high weldability is as follows: under normal conditions, the fixed part and the controllable part of the multilayer gap bear power frequency or direct current operating voltage together, and the controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector has extremely high working stability due to the fact that the number of discharge gaps of the multilayer gap is large; under the action of lightning overvoltage or operation overvoltage, the automatic lightning overvoltage coupling circuit automatically couples the energy of the lightning overvoltage to output trigger pulse, so that the trigger type discharge switch is quickly switched on, and a controllable part of the multilayer gap is short-circuited, therefore, the impact residual voltage of the controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector is the impact residual voltage of the fixed part of the multilayer gap and the arc voltage of the trigger type discharge switch of the intelligent controllable switch, under the condition of neglecting the arc voltage of the trigger type discharge switch of the intelligent controllable switch, the impact residual voltage of the controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector is approximate to the impact residual voltage of the fixed part of the multilayer gap, under the condition that the controllable part of the multilayer gap accounts for 10-30% or more, the lightning breakdown voltage of the controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector is reduced by 10-30% or the like, and the voltage protection level of the multilayer gap overvoltage protector is greatly improved.
Claims (7)
1. A high weldability controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on copper-chromium alloy is characterized in that: comprises a fixed multilayer gap part, a controllable multilayer gap part and an intelligent controllable switch;
the fixed multilayer gap part and the controllable multilayer gap part are formed by connecting multiple layers of discharge gaps arranged in the insulating shell (4) in series, and the fixed multilayer gap part and the controllable multilayer gap part are connected in series; each layer of discharge gap consists of two trapezoid-like copper-chromium alloy electrodes and an intermediate insulating medium material which are arranged in pairs, each trapezoid-like electrode comprises a middle trapezoid structure and extending parts extending outwards from two sides of the trapezoid structure, the tops of the two trapezoid-like electrodes are symmetrically arranged in opposite directions, and the insulating medium material with an annular structure is positioned between the extending parts of the two trapezoid-like electrodes;
the input end of the intelligent controllable switch can automatically couple energy from overvoltage, the output end of the intelligent controllable switch is connected with the controllable multilayer gap part in parallel, and the intelligent controllable switch can rapidly conduct and short the controllable multilayer gap part when the overvoltage is applied to operation and lightning.
2. A high solderability controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on a copper chromium alloy as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the multi-layer discharge gaps arranged in the insulating shell (4) are connected in series through insulating connecting rods (5) penetrating through the electrodes and insulating dielectric materials, and the insulating dielectric materials are of annular structures;
the uppermost electrode of the fixed multilayer gap part and the lowermost electrode of the controllable multilayer gap part are respectively led out of an insulating shell (4) to be used as an upper leading-out electrode (1) and a lower leading-out electrode (2), the lowermost electrode of the fixed multilayer gap part and the uppermost electrode of the controllable multilayer gap part are connected with the leading-out insulating shell (4) to be used as a trigger electrode (3), and the output end of the intelligent controllable switch is connected with the trigger electrode (3) and the lower leading-out electrode (2).
3. A copper-chromium alloy based high weldability controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector according to claim 2, characterized in that: the intelligent controllable switch comprises an automatic energy coupling trigger circuit and a trigger type switch, wherein the automatic energy coupling trigger circuit consists of an upper coupling capacitor C1, a lower coupling capacitor C2, an isolation gap connected between the upper coupling capacitor C1 and the lower coupling capacitor C2 and a pulse transformer T;
two input ends of the automatic energy coupling trigger circuit are respectively connected with the upper extraction electrode (1) and the lower extraction electrode (2) or respectively connected with the trigger electrode (3) and the lower extraction electrode (2), and the output end of the trigger type switch is connected between the trigger electrode (3) and the lower extraction electrode (2).
4. A high weldability controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on cu-cr alloy according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the copper-chromium alloy electrode is round, square or oval in shape.
5. The high solderability controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector based on copper chromium alloy as claimed in claim 4 wherein: the distance between two electrodes in each discharge gap is 0.5-1.5mm, and the thickness of the insulating medium material is 1.5-2 times of the distance between two electrodes, so as to define the discharge path of the multilayer overvoltage protection gap.
6. The copper-chromium alloy based high weldability controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector according to claim 4, wherein: and chamfering treatment is carried out on the top of the middle trapezoidal structure of the trapezoid-like electrode and the joint of the middle trapezoidal structure and the extension part.
7. The copper-chromium alloy based high weldability controllable multilayer gap overvoltage protector according to claim 4, wherein: the number of the discharge gaps of the controllable multilayer gap part accounts for 10-30% or more than 50% of the total number of the gaps of the voltage protector.
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