CN108063432A - A kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector - Google Patents
A kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/005—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection avoiding undesired transient conditions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/042—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage comprising means to limit the absorbed power or indicate damaged over-voltage protection device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/044—Physical layout, materials not provided for elsewhere
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using spark-gap arresters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector; including three end to end multilayer gap protection circuits; the head end and tail end of every multilayer gap protection circuit are respectively the first terminal and Second terminal of this multilayer gap protection circuit, and every multilayer gap protection circuit includes：N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；1 trigger circuit of n：One end of every trigger circuit is connected with the first terminal or Second terminal of multilayer gap protection circuit, the public clearance electrode connection in the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap of multilayer gap protection circuit.The present invention sets three end to end multilayer gap protection circuits in surge protector; each multilayer gap protection circuit forms a protected mode, the present invention is allow to realize that multi-mode is protected, each protected mode is independent of one another; circuit influences each other small, the operation is stable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of electronic devices, and in particular to a kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector.
Background technology
Surge protector is for the electricity to direct lightning effects and the generation of indirect lightning effects or other transient overvoltages
Pour into the electric appliance of row protection.Surge protector is arranged on by protection system, when generating surge on the circuit in system, surge
Protector action, the transient overvoltage of restraining line road and releases surge current, various electronics in protection system and electrically sets
It is standby.
It is many by protection system, such as AC power supply system, DC power system, photovoltaic power supply system etc., all include a plurality of
Circuit.These propose surge protector higher requirement by protection system at present：1) there are more protected modes to be protected to it
Shield；2) the impulsive discharge electric current of each protected mode is big, residual voltage is low and blocking afterflow ability is strong.Meanwhile also require each guarantor
Shield pattern is tried one's best, and performance is consistent, and to prevent because causing to damage during engineering connection mistake, each protected mode of surge protector will
As far as possible independently of one another, influence each other so as to reduce circuit, avoid causing job insecurity.
Therefore, a kind of surge protector of the more protected modes of high stability of circuit structure independence is designed with very heavy
The meaning wanted.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the application provides a kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector, by surge
The multilayer gap protection circuit of three head and the tail connections is set in protector, and each multilayer gap protection circuit forms a kind of protection
Pattern, compared with prior art for, the present invention realize multi-mode protection, each protected mode is independent of one another, the mutual shadow of circuit
Ring small, the operation is stable.The invention is realized by the following technical scheme：
A kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector, including three end to end multilayer gap protection electricity
Road, the head end and tail end of every multilayer gap protection circuit be respectively this multilayer gap protection circuit first terminal and
Second terminal, the first terminal of three multilayers gap protection circuit connect respectively as three differences of the surge protector
Line terminals, every multilayer gap protection circuit further include：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of place multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N-1 trigger circuit：One end of every trigger circuit and the first terminal of place multilayer gap protection circuit or the
Two-terminal connects, the public gap electricity in the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap of place multilayer gap protection circuit
Pole connects；
Wherein, n >=2, and n is integer.
Further, at least there are two the clearance distances in gap in n gap of every multilayer gap protection circuit
It is unequal.
Further, as n >=3, there is the clearance distance phase of k adjacent segment in every multilayer gap protection circuit
Deng, and the clearance distance of the k adjacent segment is less than the clearance distance in remaining gap of its place multilayer gap protection circuit,
Wherein, k >=2.
Further, every multilayer gap protection circuit is both provided with a safe secondary protection circuit；
First terminal and the Second terminal of multilayer gap protection circuit where every safe secondary protection circuit is connected in parallel on it
Between or three safe secondary protection circuits the mutual short circuit in one end, the other end respectively with corresponding multilayer gap protection circuit first
Terminal connects.
Further, the safe secondary protection circuit is by capacitor, resistor, resistance-capacitance device, piezoresistor, inductor, warm
One or more of sensitive resistor, Transient Suppression Diode, the air gap, gas-discharge tube or fuse composition, the resistance
Container is formed by resistor is in parallel with capacitor.
Further, it is serially connected with disengaging between the first terminal of every multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal
Device.
Further, the trigger circuit is at least capacitor, resistor, resistance-capacitance device, piezoresistor, inductor, heat
One kind in sensitive resistor, Transient Suppression Diode, the air gap or gas-discharge tube, the resistance-capacitance device is by resistor and capacitance
Device is in parallel to be formed.
Further, the gap of every multilayer gap protection circuit is gas-discharge tube, graphite gaps or metal gap.
Further, the first terminal of a multilayer gap protection circuit in three multilayers gap protection circuit and
Remote signalling indicating circuit is parallel between Second terminal, the circuit structure of the remote signalling indicating circuit includes the fusing being sequentially connected in series
Device, inductor, resistor, the first diode, light emitting diode and resistance-capacitance device, anode and the resistor of first diode connect
It connects, the cathode of the first diode and the anode of light emitting diode connect, and the remote signalling indicating circuit further includes the second diode, institute
The cathode for stating the second diode is connected with the anode of the first diode, and the anode of the second diode and the cathode of light emitting diode connect
It connects.
A kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector, including three end to end multilayer gap protection electricity
Road, the head end and tail end of every multilayer gap protection circuit be respectively this multilayer gap protection circuit first terminal and
Second terminal, the first terminal of three multilayers gap protection circuit connect respectively as three differences of the surge protector
Line terminals,
Two of which multilayer gap protection circuit includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of place multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N-1 trigger circuit：One end of every trigger circuit and the first terminal of place multilayer gap protection circuit or the
Two-terminal connects, the public gap electricity in the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap of place multilayer gap protection circuit
Pole connects；
Wherein, n >=2, and n is integer；
An other multilayer gap protection circuit is by a kind of structure in gas-discharge tube, the air gap or piezoresistor
Into.
The application is by the way that three multilayer gap protection circuits are integrated in a surge protector, each multilayer gap
Circuit is protected to form a kind of protected mode, more protected modes are so realized in a surge protector.Each protection mould
Formula is as a result of multilayer gap as surge leakage path, and impulsive discharge electric current is big, residual voltage is low and blocking afterflow ability is strong.Three
Multilayer gap protection circuit joins end to end successively, shape such as triangle, and each circuit is independent, and performance is consistent, the not phase of circuit
It mutually influences, the operation is stable, while can also prevent from causing to damage due to engineering connection mistake.Remote signalling is set to indicate function, it can be with
Indicate circuit and surge protector trouble and state.
In addition, for the high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector that the application provides, each protection
The number of gaps n of pattern can be equal, can not also be equal, when specifically used, the gap of every multilayer gap protection circuit
Quantity can be reasonably selected according to actual conditions, when the number of gaps of each multilayer gap protection circuit sets equal,
Symmetrical structure is may be constructed, further improves the stability of surge protector, wiring error can be effectively prevented, work as each
When the number of gaps of multilayer gap protection circuit sets unequal, different protection circuits can be directed to and select different gaps
Quantity, so as to fulfill best match；It connects between the first terminal of every multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal disengaging
Device, can be in multilayer gap protection circuit because discharging gap resistance reduces or occur when short-circuit the situation that electric current is excessive or overheats
Under make disconnector where protection circuit depart from protected circuit in time, it is each so as to improve the security performance of surge protector
A gap is all triggered during the trigger circuit work of a protected mode, it is lower to start voltage.Trigger circuit all triggers more when working
A gap can then reduce trigger circuit quantity.Increase two stages of circuit, can further reduce surge amplitude, surge is protected
It is more preferable to protect performance.By one of protected mode using non-multilayer gap protection device, invention is made to meet different protected modes
The application demand of performance requirement difference protective value further saves space, reduces cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the internal protection circuitry structure diagram for the surge protector that embodiment 1 provides.
Fig. 2 is different from the internal protection circuitry structural representation Fig. 1 shows method for the surge protector that embodiment 1 provides
Figure.
Fig. 3 is a kind of internal protection circuitry structure diagram for being provided with safe secondary protection circuit that embodiment 1 provides.
Fig. 4 is the internal protection circuitry structure diagram that the another kind that embodiment 1 provides is provided with safe secondary protection circuit.
Fig. 5 is the internal protection circuitry structure diagram that another that embodiment 1 provides is provided with safe secondary protection circuit.
Fig. 6 is the internal protection circuitry structure diagram for being in series with disconnector that embodiment 1 provides.
Fig. 7 is a kind of internal protection circuitry structure diagram for being provided with remote signalling indicating circuit that embodiment 1 provides.
(a)-(p) is 16 kinds of different gaps in Fig. 8.
(a)-(d) is four kinds of different trigger circuits in Fig. 9.
Figure 10 is the internal protection circuitry structure diagram for the surge protector that embodiment 2 provides.
Reference numeral：G-the air gap, Z-trigger circuit, RV-piezoresistor, L- inductors, C- capacitors, R-
Resistor, V- gas-discharge tubes, F- fuses, the first diodes of VD1-, the second diodes of VD2-, VL- light emitting diodes, D- take off
From device.
Specific embodiment
It is below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific real in order to which those skilled in the art is made to more fully understand technical scheme
Applying example, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector, including three head
The multilayer gap protection circuit that tail is connected, the head end and tail end of every multilayer gap protection circuit are respectively that this multilayer gap is protected
The first terminal and Second terminal of protection circuit, i.e. every multilayer gap protection circuit are both provided with first terminal and Second terminal,
For the first terminal of three multilayer gap protection circuits respectively as three different wire connection terminals of the surge protector, every more
Lamellar spacing protection circuit further includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of place multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；Here need
It is noted that the gap in the present embodiment can be there are many form, such as gas-discharge tube V, graphite gaps or the air gap G
Deng gap (the referred to as gold that the air gap G can be the gap (abbreviation graphite gaps) of graphite electrode composition or metal electrode is formed
Belong to gap), in some sense, gas-discharge tube V falls within the air gap, presents and describes for convenience, and the gap in Fig. 1 is used
The air gap G represents that n gap is G1-Gn, forms the electrode abbreviation clearance electrode in gap；
N-1 trigger circuit Z1-Zn-1：One end of every trigger circuit and the first end of place multilayer gap protection circuit
Son or Second terminal connection, the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap of place multilayer gap protection circuit it is public
Clearance electrode connects；Wherein, the public clearance electrode in the other end of every trigger circuit two gaps corresponding with n gap
Connection specifically refers to：One end of pth trigger circuit Zp and the first terminal or second end of place multilayer gap protection circuit
Son connection, the other end are connected with the public clearance electrode in+1 gap in p-th of gap and pth；Here, trigger circuit is represented with Z,
N-1 trigger circuit is Z1-Zn-1, in addition, the public clearance electrode in two gaps refer to two gaps be used in conjunction with or
The clearance electrode being electrically connected to each other；
Wherein, n ＞ p, p >=1, n >=2, and n and p are integer.
In the present embodiment, the first terminal of every multilayer gap protection circuit is protected respectively as the surge of multipole multilayer clearance type
A wire connection terminal of device is protected, which can not also short circuit with short circuit.
Explanation is needed exist for, n gap series of first multilayer gap protection circuit are in first multilayer gap
Between first terminal and the Second terminal of protecting circuit, n gap series of Article 2 multilayer gap protection circuit are in Article 2
Between the first terminal and Second terminal of multilayer gap protection circuit, n gap series of Article 3 multilayer gap protection circuit
Between the first terminal of Article 3 multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal.
In three multilayer gap protection circuits of the present embodiment, the n values in each multilayer gap protection circuit can phase
Deng, it can not also be equal, i.e., between the number of gaps of each multilayer gap protection circuit and remaining multilayer gap protection circuit
Gap quantity can be equal, can not also be equal, in other words, the trigger circuit quantity of each multilayer gap protection circuit and its
The trigger circuit quantity of remaining multilayer gap protection circuit can be equal, can not also be equal, and specifically, each multilayer gap is protected
Protection circuit forms a kind of protected mode, and when specifically used, the number of gaps of every multilayer gap protection circuit can be according to reality
Border situation reasonably selects, and when the number of gaps of each multilayer gap protection circuit sets equal, may be constructed symmetrical junction
Structure, the performance for making surge protector is more stable, is also possible to prevent wiring error, when the gap of each multilayer gap protection circuit
When quantity sets unequal, different protection circuits can be directed to and select different number of gaps, using different gap numbers
Amount can realize the technical indicators such as different voltage protection levels, different blocking afterflow abilities, different through-current capabilities, thus with
Protection demand realizes best match.
In actual circuit, such as in single phase industrial frequence AC line protection pattern：Circuit L (phase line) and circuit N is (neutral
Line) between protection, the protection between circuit L (phase line) and circuit PE (ground wire) and circuit N (neutral conductor) and circuit PE (
Line) between protection, it is desirable that the follow current interrupt ability of the protection between circuit L (phase line) and circuit N (neutral conductor) is higher than other
Protected mode.
In another example：Three-phase main-frequency ac power supply system circuit, protected mode have：Circuit L1 (phase line) and circuit N is (neutral
Line) between protection, the protection between circuit L2 (phase line) and circuit N (neutral conductor), circuit L3 (phase line) and circuit N it is (neutral
Line) between protection and circuit N (neutral conductor) and circuit PE (ground wire) between protection, wherein, it is desirable that circuit N (neutral conductor)
Protection residual voltage between circuit PE (ground wire) is less than other protected modes.Again for example：DC power-supply system circuit, protected mode
Have：Protection, circuit DC+ (direct-flow positive pole line) and line between circuit DC+ (direct-flow positive pole line) and circuit DC- (direct current negative line)
The protection between protection, circuit DC- (direct current negative line) and circuit PE (ground wire) between road PE (ground wire).It is required that circuit DC+
Between protection, circuit DC- (direct current negative line) and circuit PE (ground wire) between (direct-flow positive pole line) and circuit PE (ground wire)
Protect residual voltage identical, and less than the protected mode between circuit DC+ (direct-flow positive pole line) and circuit DC- (direct current negative line).
In the multilayer gap protection circuit of multi-pole surge protective device, the follow current interrupt ability in gap and the quantity in gap
Being proportionate property, and the residual voltage in gap with the negatively correlated property of the quantity in gap, then realized by adjusting the quantity in gap
The protecting effect of different residual voltages, the present embodiment can meet requirement of the different protected circuits to different protected modes.In addition,
The number of gaps between certain protected mode is intentionally reduced, the space on the one hand saved can be used for increasing heat-dissipating space and gap
On the other hand electrode size reduces in impact process clearance electrode fever total amount, effect can improve discharge capacity lightning protection
It can index.
As shown in Fig. 2, in the present embodiment, first terminal that three multilayer gap protection circuits can be set be respectively terminal A,
The first terminal (terminal A) of wherein one multilayer gap protection circuit specifically, can be connected to circuit by terminal B and terminal C
The first terminal (terminal B) of another multilayer gap protection circuit is connected to circuit PE (ground wire) by N (neutral conductor), will be remaining
A multilayer gap protection circuit first terminal (terminal C) be connected to circuit L (phase line), terminal A and terminal B, terminal B and
There is the device of protection surge between terminal C, terminal A and terminal C, therefore form 3 protected modes.It if will be between every multilayer
The number of gaps n of gap protection circuit sets equal, after so setting, there is identical number of gaps, phase between AB, BC, AC
With trigger circuit, then each protected mode is all symmetrical structure, when engineering by discharge gap obscure and during wrong, because of each guarantor
Shield pattern is identical, so surge protector will not be damaged, will not take the difference of protecting effect to.
Among above-mentioned protected mode, only connected at the head and the tail of three multilayer gap protection circuits, it is not other
The circuit being connected to each other, then the work of discharge gap and trigger circuit is independent, so work will not influence each other.
Surge protection device in above-mentioned protected mode is put gap by multilayer and is formed, and discharge gap is switching-type device.Electric discharge
Gap is more much lower than the impedance after votage limit type surge break-over of device after conducting, so residual voltage is low.So dash current is in electrode
The Joule heat of upper formation is relatively small, so impulsive discharge electric current is big.Because being that discharge gap is that the annular shim for having insulation is closed,
So it leaks without electric arc.Because discharge gap is formed by n gap series, blocking afterflow ability is strong.
In the embodiment, the protected mode of terminal A and terminal B：It is made of the discharge gap between terminal A and B, and terminal A
With the protected mode of terminal C：It is made of the discharge gap between terminal A and C, the protected mode of terminal B and terminal C：By terminal B and
Discharge gap between C is formed, and compared with different protected modes all uses independent device, the present embodiment has saved the number of device
Amount, and while saving space, reducing cost, good barrier propterty is also equipped with, it can meet inexpensive, low volume
It is required that.
During the present embodiment specific works, each gap turns on step by step, i.e., the conducting in follow-up gap is on condition that between prime
Gap needs to turn on, such as clearance G 2 will be turned on and turned on firstly the need of clearance G 1, and under normal circumstances, the ignition voltage in follow-up gap is
After the sum of the pressure drop of prime discharge gap and itself pressure drop, such as G1 conductings, pressure drop is inherently generated, so the voltage meeting after G2 conductings
The pressure drop of pressure drop and G2 itself including G1, and so on, follow-up gap conducting voltage can be raised step by step, be eventually exhibited as entire
Surge protector ignition voltage raises.
In the specific implementation, the present embodiment may be arranged as：N clearance G 1-Gn of every multilayer gap protection circuit
In at least there are two gap clearance distance it is unequal.
As a preferred embodiment, make the clearance distance in n gap of every multilayer gap protection circuit from the 1st gap to
N gap is gradually reduced, so as to which in every multilayer gap protection circuit specific works, the pressure drop in each gap is subtracting successively
It is small, so that the ignition voltage of entire surge protector reduces, further, since the 1st gap be closest to protected circuit, by the
The clearance distance in 1 gap sets maximum, reduces the 1st breakdown risk in gap.
As another preferred embodiment, making n >=3, and make the clearance gap for having k adjacent segment in every multilayer gap protection circuit
From equal, the clearance distance in remaining gap of multilayer gap protection circuit where the clearance distance of k adjacent segment is less than it,
In, k >=2.
As another preferably, make n >=3, and make the clearance distance in the 1st gap of every multilayer gap protection circuit big
Clearance distance in remaining n-1 gap；Wherein, the clearance distance in remaining described n-1 gap can be all equal, can also
The clearance distance of only portion gap is equal, and the clearance distance that can also make remaining described n-1 gap is unequal.
As another preferably, make n >=6, and make the 1st gap of every multilayer gap protection circuit, the 2nd gap,
The clearance distance in the n-th -2 gaps, (n-1)th gap and n-th of gap is equal, and the clearance distance is less than between its place multilayer
The distance in remaining gap of gap protection circuit.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the first terminal of every multilayer gap protection circuit in the present embodiment and Second terminal it
Between can be with safe secondary protection circuit in parallel.Wherein, safe secondary protection circuit can be separately formed by piezoresistor RV, can also be by
Inductor L, gas-discharge tube V and piezoresistor RV are in series, in more detail, can be by capacitor C, resistor R, capacitance-resistance
Device, piezoresistor RV, inductor L, thermal resistor, Transient Suppression Diode, the air gap G, gas-discharge tube V or fusing
One or more of device F composition.In the specific implementation, protection circuit item number in parallel can be a plurality of to form multi-stage protection
Circuit, former multilayer gap protection circuit protect circuit for the first order, and protection circuit in parallel is followed successively by second level protection circuit, the
Three-level protective circuit, and so on to N grades of protection circuits, wherein, second level protection circuit can be reduced between first order multilayer
Gap protects the momentary spike generated during circuit discharging, improves the lightning protection properties index of surge protector.Specifically, Fig. 3 two levels are protected
Protection circuit benefit is because there is gas-discharge tube isolation, and piezoresistor RV can be made not continue leakage current, increase pressure-sensitive electricity
Hinder the service life of device RV.Fig. 4 safe secondary protection circuit benefits be because there is fuse F, piezoresistor RV can be made in cracking and
When deenergization circuit, increase the safety of piezoresistor RV.
It should be noted that secondary circuit in parallel is except being connected in parallel between first terminal and Second terminal, it can also be simultaneously
It is associated between the clearance electrode public two-by-two of first order protection circuit (multilayer gap protection circuit).
As shown in figure 5, safe secondary protection circuit provided in this embodiment can also so be set：Every multilayer gap protection electricity
Road is both provided with a safe secondary protection circuit, the mutual short circuit in one end of every safe secondary protection circuit, the other end respectively with it is corresponding
The first terminal connection of multilayer gap protection circuit.Specifically, the safe secondary protection circuit of two of which multilayer gap protection circuit
It can include the fuse F being serially connected and piezoresistor RV, in addition the second class protection electricity of a multilayer gap protection circuit
Road can be made of gas-discharge tube V, wherein, one end of the safe secondary protection circuit of three multilayer gap protection circuits is mutually short
It connects, the other end connects respectively with the first terminal of corresponding multilayer gap protection circuit, so sets the good of safe secondary protection circuit
Place is reduction of surge voltage, has saved number of devices.
As shown in fig. 6, in the present embodiment, may be used also between the first terminal and Second terminal of every multilayer gap protection circuit
With the disconnector D that connects, wherein, any position that the position of disconnector D can be between first terminal and Second terminal, disconnector
D can be made of fuse F.For some to the extra high occasion of security requirement, as surge surpasses due to some are extreme
The surge protector capacity configured, power-supply system exception, extreme weather conditions etc. are crossed, cause surge protector failure, entirely
Low-resistance, even short-circuit condition is externally presented in surge protector, then the electric energy of protected circuit can be continuously applied to surge protection
Device both ends, surge protector persistently consume electric energy, can cause fever or burning, so that security reduces, can finally influence
The normal operation of protected circuit, can be in multilayer gap protection circuit because discharging gap resistance reduces after series connection disconnector D
Occur that electric current is excessive during short circuit or overheat in the case of the protection circuit where disconnector D is made to depart from by protective loop in time,
So as to improve the security performance of surge protector.Most simply, disconnector can be made of fuse or fuse, except this it
Outside, disconnector or a mechanism.The mechanism includes the be connected with first terminal first connection conductor and first gap
Clearance electrode connection second connection conductor and connection it is described first connection conductor and second connection conductor solder joint, work as stream
It is excessive or when the heat accumulated on disconnector is excessively high to cross the electric current of disconnector, the solder joint fusingization of disconnector, after solder joint fusing
The first connection conductor and second is made to connect conductor one space spacing of formation, i.e., the first connection conductor and the second connection conductor from electricity
Connection becomes to disconnect, the reliability for departing from and by protective loop, improving surge protector so that surge protector comes off.It is above-mentioned de-
It is a kind of simple mechanism form from device, can disconnector weldering be accelerated with added force element, such as spring on the basis of the mechanism
The movement of point.Insulating trip is added, isolation can be formed between the first connection conductor and the second connection conductor after solder joint fusing,
Dielectric strength is provided, prevents arc reignition.Disconnector can also be said mechanism and fuse or fuse combinations, be also not necessarily limited to
It is one.
As shown in fig. 7, in surge protector provided in this embodiment, wherein the first end of a multilayer gap protection circuit
Between son and Second terminal can a remote signalling indicating circuit in parallel, specifically, the circuit structure of remote signalling indicating circuit include according to
The fuse F of secondary series connection, inductor L, resistor R, the first diode VD1, light emitting diode VL and resistance-capacitance device, the first diode
The anode of VD1 is connected with resistor R, and the cathode of the first diode VD1 is connected with the anode of light emitting diode VL, remote signalling instruction electricity
Road further includes the second diode VD2, and the cathode of the second diode VD2 is connected with the anode of the first diode VD1, the second diode
The anode of VD2 is connected with the cathode of light emitting diode VL, the resistance-capacitance device by resistor R and capacitor C it is in parallel it is enough into.This remote signalling
In indicating circuit, F is independent alarm fuse, and L is current-limiting inductance, and the resistor R being connected with current-limiting inductance limits for indicating circuit
Flow resistor, the resistor R in resistance-capacitance device are drain resistor, and the capacitor C in resistance-capacitance device is decompression capacitor, and VD1, VD2 are
Protection diode, VL are light emitting diode.If clearance surge protects circuit malfunctions, F will fuse, and light emitting diode is put out
It goes out, instruction Surge Protector is faulty.After F fusing, subsidiary switch motion, electrical connection between switch contact 11 and 14 is from disconnected
Open state variation is closure state, outputs signal：Represent normal during switch off state, when closure state represents failure or mistake
Effect.Switching logic can also select to go off from closure or signal combination output.If you do not need to remote signaling function, fusing
The fuse without output contact can be used in device.
Independent alarm fuse in the trigger circuit of this implementation can also be set, realize that fault-signal is defeated in trigger circuit
Go out.
The function of independent alarm fuse can also be realized using thermal resistor, disconnector, mechanical switch.
It should be noted that indicating circuit can also add surge protection device again, such as transient diode, silicon are partly led
Body, avalanche breakdown diode, Zener diode, break-over diode, diode of turning back, piezoresistor, the air gap, gas are put
Fulgurite, thyristor surgesuppressor, thermal resistor and combinations thereof.Surge protection device is added, makes indicating circuit safer.
In the present embodiment, trigger circuit be at least capacitor C, resistor R, resistance-capacitance device, piezoresistor RV, inductor L,
One kind in thermal resistor, Transient Suppression Diode, the air gap or gas-discharge tube, the resistance-capacitance device is by resistor and electricity
Container is in parallel to be formed.
In the present embodiment, the circuit connected in series order of remote signalling indicating circuit can be adjusted.
In the present embodiment, the gap of every multilayer gap protection circuit is between gas-discharge tube V, graphite gaps or metal
Gap.When it is implemented, number of gaps is more, not only starting voltage can increase, and the probability for gap blind spot occur can also increase, as
It is preferred that the number of gaps of multilayer gap protection circuit can be 3-18.
Specifically, gap can be any one in 16 kinds of gaps as shown in Figure 8, and wherein Fig. 8 (a) is empty for two electrodes
Gas clearance G, Fig. 8 (b) connect for two electrode the air gap G with resistor R, and Fig. 8 (c) is two electrode the air gap G and pressure-sensitive electricity
Hinder device RV series connection, Fig. 8 (d) connect for two electrode the air gap G with gas-discharge tube V, Fig. 8 (e) be two electrode the air gap G and
Two electrode the air gap G connect, and Fig. 8 (f) is in parallel with capacitor C for two electrode the air gap G, and Fig. 8 (g) is between two electrode air
Gap G is in parallel with resistor R, and Fig. 8 (h) is in parallel with piezoresistor RV for two electrode the air gap G, and Fig. 8 (i) is two electrode air
Clearance G is in parallel with two-electrode gas discharge tube V, and Fig. 8 (j) is that two-electrode gas discharge tube V, Fig. 8 (k) discharge for two-electrode gas
Pipe V connects with resistor R, and Fig. 8 (l) two-electrode gas discharge tube V connect with piezoresistor RV, and Fig. 8 (m) two-electrode gas is put
Fulgurite V and two-electrode gas discharge tube V, Fig. 8 (n) is in parallel with capacitor C for two-electrode gas discharge tube V, and Fig. 8 (o) is two electricity
Pole gas-discharge tube V is in parallel with resistor R, and Fig. 8 (p) is two-electrode gas discharge tube V in parallel with piezoresistor RV.
Specifically, trigger circuit can be any one in four kinds of trigger circuits shown in Fig. 9, and Fig. 9 (a) is capacitor C
In parallel with resistor R, Fig. 9 (b) is capacitor C, and Fig. 9 (c) is resistor R, and Fig. 9 (d) is piezoresistor RV.Trigger circuit can
To be the combination of more than device, can also connect with the air gap or gas-discharge tube.Trigger circuit can be more than device
Combination, can also be with the combination of the air gap or discharge tube.The parameter of each device of trigger circuit can it is identical can not also phase
Together.
When it is implemented, discharging gap G include the first clearance electrode and the second clearance electrode, and the first clearance electrode and
Insulating annular gasket is placed between second clearance electrode, the first clearance electrode and the second clearance electrode maintain defined gap
Distance, and the first clearance electrode and the second clearance electrode are conductive materials, the conductive material can be graphite either metal or
It is alloy.Metal includes：Silver, copper, gold, aluminium, zinc, tungsten, nickel, iron, platinum, tin, titanium, manganese, steel.The preferential tungsten-copper alloy of alloy.Between
Gap can be Open architecture or enclosed construction, electrode slice composition, cross section for circle, diamond shape, rectangle, square,
Triangle, ellipse, waist type or polygon, thickness are 1mm~8mm.Preferably, clearance cross section is circular and waist type, thickness
For 1mm~3mm.The shape of annular shim is corresponding with above-mentioned clearance cross section, you can for annulus, diamond shape ring, rectangle ring, just
Q-RING, triangular loop, vesica piscis, waist type ring or polygon ring, can be by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), rubber, nylon, mica, ceramics
Or any one material is made in Du Pont's paper, the thickness of insulating annular gasket can be 0.1mm~0.7mm, preferably 0.2mm~
0.5mm。
Gas-discharge tube V can be patch encapsulation or plug-in unit encapsulates.Gas-discharge tube V is close using ceramics
Encapsulation is closed, it is internal by two or the metal electrode of several band gaps, it is filled with inert gas (argon gas or neon) composition.When being added to two
The voltage of electrode tip reaches when making the gas breakdown in gas-discharge tube V, and gas-discharge tube just starts to discharge, and is become by high resistant
Low-resistance makes the voltage at electrode both ends be no more than breakdown voltage.
When it is implemented, the capacitance of the capacitor C in resistance-capacitance device is 100PF~100nF, preferably 500PF~3nF, it is resistance to
It is 100V~10kV by voltage, the resistor values of resistor R are 10k Ω~200M Ω, and preferably 500k Ω~20M Ω, power is
1/8W~10W, and in order to ensure that the charge being charged in trigger circuit is fully released within the interval time of lightning impulse, use
During resistance-capacitance device, it is preferable that when 3 times of the time constant of its RC or 4 times or 5 times or 6 times of intervals that should be less than between being struck by lightning twice
Between.
The capacitance of the capacitor C be 100PF~100nF, preferably 500PF~3nF, withstanding voltage for 100V~
10kV。
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 10, the present embodiment provides a kind of triangular multi-layer gap-type surge protector, internal protection circuitries
Including three end to end multilayer gap protection circuits, the head end and tail end of every multilayer gap protection circuit are respectively this
The first terminal and Second terminal of multilayer gap protection circuit, i.e. every multilayer gap protection circuit be both provided with first terminal and
Second terminal, the first terminals of three multilayer gap protection circuits is respectively as three different terminals of the surge protector
Son, two of which multilayer gap protection circuit further include：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of place multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；Here need
It is noted that gap in the present embodiment can there are many form, such as gas-discharge tube V, the air gap G, the air gap G
Can be graphite gaps or metal gap, in some sense, gas-discharge tube V and graphite gaps fall within the air gap, in order to
Facilitate presentation and description, the gap in Figure 10 represents that n gap is G1-Gn with the air gap G；
N-1 trigger circuit Z1-Zn-1：One end of every trigger circuit and the first end of place multilayer gap protection circuit
Son or Second terminal connection, the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap of place multilayer gap protection circuit it is public
Clearance electrode connects；Wherein, the public clearance electrode in the other end of every trigger circuit two gaps corresponding with n gap
Connection specifically refers to：One end of pth trigger circuit Zp and the first terminal or second end of place multilayer gap protection circuit
Son connection, the other end are connected with the public clearance electrode in+1 gap in p-th of gap and pth；Here, trigger circuit is represented with Z,
N-1 trigger circuit is Z1-Zn-1, in addition, the public clearance electrode in two gaps refer to two gaps be used in conjunction with or
The clearance electrode being electrically connected to each other；
Wherein, n ＞ p, p >=1, n >=2, and n and p are integer；
It is left a multilayer gap protection circuit to be made of a gas-discharge tube V.By a wherein multilayer gap protection
Circuit is arranged to gas-discharge tube V, can improve comprehensive performance, such as high follow current interrupt is not required in N-PE protected modes
N-PE protected modes in order to reduce surge protector volume, can be used gas-discharge tube by ability.Additionally need explanation
It is that gas-discharge tube V may be replaced by such as capacitor C, inductor L, resistor R, fuse F, transient diode, silicon half
Conductor, avalanche breakdown diode, Zener diode, break-over diode, diode of turning back, piezoresistor RV, thyristor surge
Suppressor, thermal resistor, the air gap G, gas-discharge tube V and combinations thereof.
It the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that above-mentioned preferred embodiment is not construed as pair
The limitation of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention should be subject to claim limited range.For the art
For those of ordinary skill, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these change
Protection scope of the present invention is also should be regarded as into retouching.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector, which is characterized in that including three end to end multilayers
Gap protection circuit, the head end and tail end of every multilayer gap protection circuit are respectively this multilayer gap protection circuit
First terminal and Second terminal, the first terminal of three multilayers gap protection circuit is respectively as the surge protector
Three different wire connection terminals, every multilayer gap protection circuit further include：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of place multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N-1 trigger circuit：One end of every trigger circuit and the first terminal or second end of place multilayer gap protection circuit
Son connection, the public clearance electrode in the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap of place multilayer gap protection circuit connect
It connects；
Wherein, n >=2, and n is integer.
2. a kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Clearance distance in n gap of every multilayer gap protection circuit at least there are two gap is unequal.
3. a kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector according to claim 2, which is characterized in that work as n
When >=3, there is that the clearance distance of k adjacent segment is equal in every multilayer gap protection circuit, and the k adjacent segment
Clearance distance be less than its where multilayer gap protection circuit remaining gap clearance distance, wherein, k >=2.
4. a kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Every multilayer gap protection circuit is both provided with a safe secondary protection circuit；
Every safe secondary protection circuit be connected in parallel on where multilayer gap protection circuit first terminal and Second terminal between or
The mutual short circuit in one end of three safe secondary protection circuits, the other end connect respectively with the first terminal of corresponding multilayer gap protection circuit
It connects.
5. a kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described
Safe secondary protection circuit inhibits two poles by capacitor, resistor, resistance-capacitance device, piezoresistor, inductor, thermal resistor, transient state
One or more of pipe, the air gap, gas-discharge tube or fuse composition, the resistance-capacitance device by resistor and capacitor simultaneously
Connection is formed.
6. a kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Disconnector is serially connected between the first terminal and Second terminal of every multilayer gap protection circuit.
7. a kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Trigger circuit is at least capacitor, resistor, resistance-capacitance device, piezoresistor, inductor, thermal resistor, transient state and inhibits two poles
One kind in pipe, the air gap or gas-discharge tube, the resistance-capacitance device are formed by resistor is in parallel with capacitor.
8. a kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector according to claim 1-7 any one, special
Sign is that the gap of every multilayer gap protection circuit is gas-discharge tube, graphite gaps or metal gap.
9. a kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
It is parallel between the first terminal and Second terminal of a multilayer gap protection circuit in three multilayer gap protection circuits distant
Believe indicating circuit, the circuit structure of the remote signalling indicating circuit includes the fuse being sequentially connected in series, inductor, resistor, first
Diode, light emitting diode and resistance-capacitance device, the anode of first diode are connected with resistor, the cathode of the first diode with
The anode connection of light emitting diode, the remote signalling indicating circuit further include the second diode, the cathode of second diode with
The anode connection of first diode, the anode of the second diode and the cathode of light emitting diode connect.
10. a kind of high stability multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector, which is characterized in that including three end to end multilayers
Gap protection circuit, the head end and tail end of every multilayer gap protection circuit are respectively this multilayer gap protection circuit
First terminal and Second terminal, the first terminal of three multilayers gap protection circuit is respectively as the surge protector
Three different wire connection terminals,
Two of which multilayer gap protection circuit includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of place multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N-1 trigger circuit：One end of every trigger circuit and the first terminal or second end of place multilayer gap protection circuit
Son connection, the public clearance electrode in the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap of place multilayer gap protection circuit connect
It connects；
Wherein, n >=2, and n is integer；
An other multilayer gap protection circuit is made of a kind of in gas-discharge tube, the air gap or piezoresistor.
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| CN201810090433.9A CN108063432B (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2018-01-30 | High-stability multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN108711836A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-10-26 | 李红斌 | A kind of switching mode SPD of built-in disconnector |
| CN110739673A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-01-31 | 硕天科技股份有限公司 | Surge protection device |
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Also Published As
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