CN108063432B - High-stability multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector - Google Patents
High-stability multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/005—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection avoiding undesired transient conditions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/042—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage comprising means to limit the absorbed power or indicate damaged over-voltage protection device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/044—Physical layout, materials not provided for elsewhere
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using spark-gap arresters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-stability multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector, which comprises three multi-layer gap protection circuits connected end to end, wherein the head end and the tail end of each multi-layer gap protection circuit are respectively a first terminal and a second terminal of the multi-layer gap protection circuit, and each multi-layer gap protection circuit comprises: n gaps: the first terminals and the second terminals of the multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series; n-1 flip-flop circuits: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with the first terminal or the second terminal of the multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with the common gap electrode of the corresponding two gaps in the n gaps of the multi-layer gap protection circuit. According to the invention, three multi-layer gap protection circuits connected end to end are arranged in the surge protector, and each multi-layer gap protection circuit forms a protection mode, so that the surge protector can realize multi-mode protection, each protection mode is independent from the other, the circuit has small mutual influence, and the surge protector works stably.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electronic devices, in particular to a high-stability multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector.
Background
Surge protectors are electrical appliances that are used to protect against surges generated by direct lightning effects and indirect lightning effects or other transient overvoltages. The surge protector is arranged in the protected system, and acts when a surge is generated on a line in the system, so as to limit transient overvoltage and surge current leakage on the line and protect various electronic and electric equipment in the system.
Many protected systems, such as ac power systems, dc power systems, photovoltaic power systems, etc., include multiple lines. These protected systems currently place higher demands on the surge protector: 1) To have multiple protection modes to protect it; 2) The surge discharge current of each protection mode is large, the residual voltage is low and the interruption freewheel capacity is strong. Meanwhile, each protection mode is required to be consistent as much as possible, so that damage caused by engineering wiring errors is prevented, and each protection mode of the surge protector is required to be independent as much as possible, so that the mutual influence of circuits is reduced, and unstable operation is avoided.
Therefore, it is very important to design a surge protector with independent circuit structure and high stability and multiple protection modes.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application provides a high-stability multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector, which is characterized in that three multi-layer gap protection circuits connected end to end are arranged in the surge protector, each multi-layer gap protection circuit forms a protection mode, compared with the prior art, the multi-layer gap type surge protector realizes multi-mode protection, each protection mode is independent, the mutual influence of the circuits is small, and the operation is stable. The application is realized by the following technical scheme:
The utility model provides a multipolar multi-layer clearance formula surge protector of high stability, includes three end to end's multi-layer clearance protection circuit, every multi-layer clearance protection circuit's head end and tail end are this multi-layer clearance protection circuit's first terminal and second terminal respectively, three multi-layer clearance protection circuit's first terminal is as respectively three different binding post of surge protector, every multi-layer clearance protection circuit still includes:
n gaps: the first terminals and the second terminals of the multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series;
n-1 flip-flop circuits: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with a first terminal or a second terminal of the multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with a common gap electrode of two corresponding gaps in n gaps of the multi-layer gap protection circuit;
wherein n is more than or equal to 2, and n is an integer.
Further, the gap distances of at least two gaps in the n gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit are not equal.
Further, when n is greater than or equal to 3, the gap distances of k adjacent gaps in each multi-layer gap protection circuit are equal, and the gap distances of k adjacent gaps are smaller than the gap distances of the rest gaps of the multi-layer gap protection circuit where the k adjacent gaps are located, wherein k is greater than or equal to 2.
Further, each multi-layer gap protection circuit is provided with a secondary protection circuit;
each secondary protection circuit is connected in parallel between a first terminal and a second terminal of the corresponding multi-layer gap protection circuit, or one ends of the three secondary protection circuits are mutually short-circuited, and the other ends of the three secondary protection circuits are respectively connected with the first terminals of the corresponding multi-layer gap protection circuits.
Further, the secondary protection circuit is composed of one or more of a capacitor, a resistor, a resistive capacitor, a piezoresistor, an inductor, a thermistor, a transient suppression diode, an air gap, a gas discharge tube or a fuse, and the resistive capacitor is composed of the resistor and the capacitor in parallel.
Further, a separator is connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit.
Further, the trigger circuit is at least one of a capacitor, a resistor, a resistive capacitor, a piezoresistor, an inductor, a thermistor, a transient suppression diode, an air gap or a gas discharge tube, and the resistive capacitor is formed by connecting the resistor and the capacitor in parallel.
Further, the gap of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is a gas discharge tube, a graphite gap or a metal gap.
Further, a remote signaling indicating circuit is connected in parallel between a first terminal and a second terminal of one of the three multi-layer gap protection circuits, the circuit structure of the remote signaling indicating circuit comprises a fuse, an inductor, a resistor, a first diode, a light emitting diode and a resistor, wherein the fuse, the inductor, the resistor, the first diode and the resistor are sequentially connected in series, the positive electrode of the first diode is connected with the resistor, the negative electrode of the first diode is connected with the positive electrode of the light emitting diode, the remote signaling indicating circuit further comprises a second diode, the negative electrode of the second diode is connected with the positive electrode of the first diode, and the positive electrode of the second diode is connected with the negative electrode of the light emitting diode.
The high-stability multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector comprises three multi-layer gap protection circuits connected end to end, wherein the head end and the tail end of each multi-layer gap protection circuit are respectively a first terminal and a second terminal of the multi-layer gap protection circuit, the first terminals of the three multi-layer gap protection circuits are respectively used as three different wiring terminals of the surge protector,
Wherein two multilayer clearance protection circuits include:
n gaps: the first terminals and the second terminals of the multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series;
n-1 flip-flop circuits: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with a first terminal or a second terminal of the multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with a common gap electrode of two corresponding gaps in n gaps of the multi-layer gap protection circuit;
Wherein n is more than or equal to 2, and n is an integer;
the other multi-layer gap protection circuit is formed by one of a gas discharge tube, an air gap or a piezoresistor.
The application realizes multiple protection modes in one surge protector by integrating three multi-layer gap protection circuits in one surge protector, wherein each multi-layer gap protection circuit forms one protection mode. Each protection mode adopts a plurality of layers of gaps as surge relief channels, so that the surge relief channels have large surge discharge current, low residual voltage and strong interruption follow current capability. Three multi-layer gap protection circuits are connected end to end in sequence, the shape is like a triangle, each circuit is independent, the performance is consistent, the circuits are not mutually influenced, the work is stable, and meanwhile damage caused by engineering wiring errors can be prevented. And a remote signaling indication function is arranged to indicate faults and states of the line and the surge protector.
In addition, for the high-stability multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector provided by the application, the number n of gaps of each protection mode can be equal or unequal, and when the high-stability multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector is specifically used, the number n of gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit can be reasonably selected according to actual conditions, when the number of gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is set to be equal, a symmetrical structure can be formed, the stability of the surge protector can be further improved, wiring errors can be effectively prevented, and when the number of gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is set to be unequal, the number of gaps can be selected according to different protection circuits, so that the best matching is realized; the disconnector is connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit, so that the protection circuit where the disconnector is positioned can be timely disconnected from the protected circuit under the condition that the current is overlarge or overheated when the discharge gap resistance of the multi-layer gap protection circuit is reduced or short-circuited, the safety performance of the surge protector is improved, a gap is triggered when the trigger circuit of each protection mode works, and the starting voltage is lower. When the trigger circuit works, a plurality of gaps are triggered, so that the number of the trigger circuits can be reduced. The secondary protection circuit is added, so that the surge amplitude can be further reduced, and the surge protection performance is better. One of the protection modes uses a non-multilayer gap protection device, so that the application meets the application requirements of different protection modes with different protection performances, further saves space and reduces cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an internal protection circuit of the surge protector provided in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal protection circuit structure of the surge protector according to embodiment 1, which is different from the method shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an internal protection circuit with a secondary protection circuit according to embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another internal protection circuit structure provided with a secondary protection circuit according to embodiment 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an internal protection circuit provided with a secondary protection circuit according to embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal protection circuit provided in embodiment 1 and having a decoupler connected in series.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an internal protection circuit with a remote signaling indication circuit according to embodiment 1.
Sixteen different gaps are shown in fig. 8 (a) - (p).
Four different trigger circuits are shown in fig. 9 (a) - (d).
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the internal protection circuit structure of the surge protector provided in embodiment 2.
Reference numerals: g-air gap, Z-trigger circuit, RV-piezoresistor, L-inductor, C-capacitor, R-resistor, V-gas discharge tube, F-fuse, VD 1-first diode, VD 2-second diode, VL-LED, D-separator.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a high-stability multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector, including three multi-layer gap protection circuits connected end to end, the head end and the tail end of each multi-layer gap protection circuit are respectively the first terminal and the second terminal of the multi-layer gap protection circuit, that is, each multi-layer gap protection circuit is provided with the first terminal and the second terminal, the first terminals of the three multi-layer gap protection circuits are respectively used as three different wiring terminals of the surge protector, and each multi-layer gap protection circuit further includes:
n gaps: the first terminals and the second terminals of the multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series; it should be noted that, in this embodiment, the gap may take various forms, such as a gas discharge tube V, a graphite gap, or an air gap G, where the air gap G may be a gap formed by a graphite electrode (abbreviated as a graphite gap) or a gap formed by a metal electrode (abbreviated as a metal gap), and in a sense, the gas discharge tube V also belongs to the air gap, for convenience in presentation and description, the gap in fig. 1 is denoted by the air gap G, and n gaps are referred to as G1-Gn, where the electrodes forming the gap are abbreviated as gap electrodes;
n-1 trigger circuits Z1-Zn-1: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with a first terminal or a second terminal of the multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with a common gap electrode of two corresponding gaps in n gaps of the multi-layer gap protection circuit; the specific connection between the other end of each trigger circuit and the common gap electrode of the corresponding two gaps in the n gaps is as follows: one end of the p-th trigger circuit Zp is connected with a first terminal or a second terminal of the multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of the p-th trigger circuit Zp is connected with a common gap electrode of the p-th gap and the p+1th gap; the trigger circuits are represented by Z, n-1 trigger circuits are Z1-Zn-1, and in addition, the common gap electrode of the two gaps refers to the gap electrode which is commonly used by the two gaps or is electrically connected with each other;
Wherein n is more than p, p is more than or equal to 1, n is more than or equal to 2, and n and p are integers.
In this embodiment, the first terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is used as a connection terminal of the multi-layer gap type surge protector, and the connection terminal may or may not be shorted.
Here, n gaps of the first multi-layer gap protection circuit are connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal of the first multi-layer gap protection circuit, n gaps of the second multi-layer gap protection circuit are connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal of the second multi-layer gap protection circuit, and n gaps of the third multi-layer gap protection circuit are connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal of the third multi-layer gap protection circuit.
In the three multi-layer gap protection circuits of this embodiment, the n value in each multi-layer gap protection circuit may be equal or unequal, that is, the number of gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit may be equal or unequal to the number of gaps of the remaining multi-layer gap protection circuits, in other words, the number of trigger circuits of each multi-layer gap protection circuit may be equal or unequal to the number of trigger circuits of the remaining multi-layer gap protection circuits, specifically, each multi-layer gap protection circuit forms a protection mode, and in specific use, the number of gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit may be reasonably selected according to actual conditions, when the number of gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is set equal, a symmetrical structure may be formed, so that the performance of the surge protector is more stable, and wiring errors may also be prevented, when the number of gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is set unequal, different numbers of gaps may be selected for different protection circuits, different numbers of gaps may be adopted to realize different voltage protection levels, different freewheeling capacities, different current passing capacities, and optimal protection indexes may be realized, and thus, the optimal protection indexes may be matched with the requirements.
In an actual circuit, for example, in a single-phase power frequency ac line protection mode: protection between line L (phase line) and line N (neutral line), protection between line L (phase line) and line PE (ground line), and protection between line N (neutral line) and line PE (ground line) require that the freewheel interruption capability of protection between line L (phase line) and line N (neutral line) be higher than other protection modes.
Also for example: the three-phase power frequency alternating current power supply system circuit has the protection modes: protection between line L1 (phase line) and line N (neutral line), protection between line L2 (phase line) and line N (neutral line), protection between line L3 (phase line) and line N (neutral line), and protection between line N (neutral line) and line PE (ground line), wherein the protection residual voltage between line N (neutral line) and line PE (ground line) is required to be lower than in the other protection modes. For another example: the protection mode of the direct current power supply system circuit is as follows: protection between line dc+ (direct current positive line) and line DC- (direct current negative line), protection between line dc+ (direct current positive line) and line PE (ground), protection between line DC- (direct current negative line) and line PE (ground). The protection between line dc+ (direct current positive line) and line PE (ground), the protection residual voltage between line DC- (direct current negative line) and line PE (ground) is required to be the same, but lower than the protection mode between line dc+ (direct current positive line) and line DC- (direct current negative line).
In the multi-layer gap protection circuit of the multi-pole surge protection device, the follow current interruption capacity of the gap is positively correlated with the number of the gaps, and the residual voltage of the gap is negatively correlated with the number of the gaps, so that the protection effect of different residual voltages is realized by adjusting the number of the gaps, and the embodiment can meet the requirements of different protected circuits on different protection modes. In addition, the number of gaps between certain protection modes is intentionally reduced, on one hand, the saved space can be used for increasing the heat dissipation space and the gap electrode size, and on the other hand, the total heating amount of the gap electrode is reduced in the impact process, so that the effect can be improved, and the lightning protection performance index of the through-flow capacity can be improved.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, three first terminals of the multi-layer gap protection circuit may be provided as the terminal a, the terminal B, and the terminal C, respectively, specifically, the first terminal (terminal a) of one of the multi-layer gap protection circuits may be connected to the line N (neutral line), the first terminal (terminal B) of the other multi-layer gap protection circuit may be connected to the line PE (ground line), the first terminal (terminal C) of the remaining one multi-layer gap protection circuit may be connected to the line L (phase line), and devices for protecting surge may be provided between the terminals a and B, and between the terminals B and C, and between the terminals a and C, so that 3 protection modes may be formed. If the number n of gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is set to be equal, after the arrangement, the same number of gaps exists among AB, BC and AC, and the same trigger circuit exists, each protection mode is of a symmetrical structure, and when the engineering confuses the discharge gaps and the discharge gaps are connected in error, the surge protector is not damaged and the difference of protection effects is not brought.
In the protection mode, only the head and tail parts of the three multi-layer gap protection circuits are connected, and no other circuit is connected with each other, so that the operation of the discharge gap and the trigger circuit is independent, and the operation cannot be influenced mutually.
The surge protection device in the protection mode described above is composed of a plurality of layers of discharge gaps, which are switching devices. Once the discharge gap is turned on, the impedance is much lower than that of the voltage limiting type surge device after being turned on, so the residual voltage is low. Thus, joule heat generated by the rush current at the electrode is relatively small, so that the rush discharge current is large. Because the discharge gap is closed by an insulating annular gasket, no arc leaks. Since the discharge gap is formed by connecting n gaps in series, the interrupting freewheel ability is strong.
In this embodiment, protection modes of terminal a and terminal B: a discharge gap between terminals a and B, and a protection mode of terminals a and C: protection mode of terminals B and C, consisting of a discharge gap between terminals a and C: the discharge gap between the terminals B and C is formed, compared with the independent devices used in different protection modes, the embodiment saves the number of the devices, saves space, reduces cost, has good protection performance, and can meet the requirements of low cost and low volume.
In specific operation of this embodiment, each gap is conducted step by step, that is, the conducting premise of the subsequent gap is that the preceding gap needs to be conducted, for example, the gap G2 needs to be conducted first, and in general, the ignition voltage of the subsequent gap is the sum of the voltage drop of the preceding gap and the self voltage drop, for example, after the gap G1 is conducted, the voltage drop must be generated, so the voltage after the gap G2 is conducted will include the voltage drop of the gap G1 and the voltage drop of the gap G2 itself, and so on, the conducting voltage of the subsequent gap will rise step by step, and finally the ignition voltage of the whole surge protector will rise.
In specific implementation, this embodiment may further be configured to: the gap distances of at least two gaps among the n gaps G1-Gn of each multi-layer gap protection circuit are not equal.
Preferably, the gap distance of the n gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is gradually reduced from the 1 st gap to the n-th gap, so that when each multi-layer gap protection circuit specifically works, the voltage drop of each gap is sequentially reduced, thereby reducing the ignition voltage of the whole surge protector, and in addition, the gap distance of the 1 st gap is set to be the largest as the 1 st gap is closest to the protected circuit, so that the risk of breakdown of the 1 st gap is reduced.
As another preferable mode, n is more than or equal to 3, and the gap distances of k adjacent gaps in each multi-layer gap protection circuit are equal, wherein the gap distances of k adjacent gaps are smaller than the gap distances of the rest gaps of the multi-layer gap protection circuit where the k adjacent gaps are located, and k is more than or equal to 2.
As still another preferable mode, n is not less than 3, and the gap distance of the 1 st gap of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is larger than the gap distance of the remaining n-1 gaps; the gap distances of the remaining n-1 gaps may be all equal, or only a part of the gap distances may be equal, or the gap distances of the remaining n-1 gaps may be all unequal.
As still another preferable mode, n is not less than 6, and the gap distances of the 1 st gap, the 2 nd gap, the n-1 st gap and the n-th gap of each multi-layer gap protection circuit are equal, and the gap distance is smaller than the distance of the rest gaps of the multi-layer gap protection circuit where the multi-layer gap protection circuit is located.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a secondary protection circuit may be further connected in parallel between the first terminal and the second terminal of each of the multi-layer gap protection circuits in the present embodiment. The secondary protection circuit may be constituted by the varistor RV alone, or may be constituted by the inductor L, the gas discharge tube V, and the varistor RV in series, and more specifically, may be constituted by one or more of the capacitor C, the resistor R, the resistor container, the varistor RV, the inductor L, the thermistor, the transient suppression diode, the air gap G, the gas discharge tube V, and the fuse F. In the specific implementation, the number of the parallel protection circuits can be multiple to form a multi-stage protection circuit, the original multi-stage gap protection circuit is a first-stage protection circuit, the parallel protection circuits are a second-stage protection circuit and a third-stage protection circuit in sequence, and the like to an Nth-stage protection circuit, wherein the second-stage protection circuit can reduce the instantaneous peak generated when the first-stage multi-stage gap protection circuit discharges, and the lightning protection performance index of the surge protector is improved. Specifically, the secondary protection circuit of fig. 3 has the advantage that the gas discharge tube is isolated, so that the piezoresistor RV has no continuous leakage current, and the service life of the piezoresistor RV is prolonged. The secondary protection circuit of fig. 4 has the advantages that the fuse F can lead the piezoresistor RV to disconnect the power supply line in time when cracking, thereby increasing the safety of the piezoresistor RV.
The parallel two-stage circuit may be connected in parallel between the two common gap electrodes of the first-stage protection circuit (multi-layer gap protection circuit) in addition to being connected in parallel between the first terminal and the second terminal.
As shown in fig. 5, the secondary protection circuit provided in this embodiment may be further configured as follows: each multi-layer gap protection circuit is provided with a secondary protection circuit, one end of each secondary protection circuit is in short circuit with each other, and the other end of each secondary protection circuit is connected with a first terminal of the corresponding multi-layer gap protection circuit respectively. Specifically, the two-stage protection circuits of the two multi-layer gap protection circuits can comprise a fuse F and a piezoresistor RV which are mutually connected in series, the two-stage protection circuit of the other multi-layer gap protection circuit can be composed of a gas discharge tube V, one ends of the two-stage protection circuits of the three multi-layer gap protection circuits are mutually short-circuited, and the other ends of the two-stage protection circuits of the three multi-layer gap protection circuits are respectively connected with the first terminals of the corresponding multi-layer gap protection circuits.
As shown in fig. 6, in this embodiment, a separator D may be further connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit, where the position of the separator D may be any position between the first terminal and the second terminal, and the separator D may be formed by a fuse F. For some occasions with particularly high safety requirements, due to the fact that the surge protector fails due to extreme reasons such as the fact that the surge exceeds the capacity of the configured surge protector, the power supply system is abnormal, extreme climatic conditions and the like, the whole surge protector is in a low-resistance and even short-circuit state to the outside, then electric energy of a protected circuit can be continuously applied to two ends of the surge protector, the surge protector continuously consumes the electric energy, heating or burning can be caused, so that the safety is reduced, the normal operation of the protected circuit can be finally affected, after the disconnector D is connected in series, the protection circuit where the disconnector D is located can be timely disconnected from the protected circuit under the condition that the current is overlarge or overheated when the discharge gap resistance of the multi-layer gap protection circuit is reduced or the surge protector is short-circuited, and the safety performance of the protected circuit is improved. In the simplest case, the release may consist of a fuse or a fuse, but the release may also be a mechanism. The mechanism comprises a first connecting conductor connected with a first terminal, a second connecting conductor connected with a gap electrode of a first gap and welding spots for connecting the first connecting conductor and the second connecting conductor, when the current flowing through the separator is overlarge or the heat accumulated on the separator is overlarge, the welding spots of the separator are fused, the first connecting conductor and the second connecting conductor form a space interval after the welding spots are fused, namely the first connecting conductor and the second connecting conductor are changed from electric connection to disconnection, so that the surge protector falls off and is separated from a protected loop, and the reliability of the surge protector is improved. The release is in the form of a simple mechanism on the basis of which a force element, such as a spring, can be added to accelerate the movement of the release weld. The insulating sheet is added, so that isolation can be formed between the first connecting conductor and the second connecting conductor after the welding spots are melted, the insulating strength is provided, and arc reignition is prevented. The detacher may be a combination of the above mechanism with a fuse or a fuse, and is not limited to one.
As shown in fig. 7, in the surge protector provided in this embodiment, a remote signaling indication circuit may be connected in parallel between a first terminal and a second terminal of a multi-layer gap protection circuit, and specifically, a circuit structure of the remote signaling indication circuit includes a fuse F, an inductor L, a resistor R, a first diode VD1, a light emitting diode VL and a resistor, where an anode of the first diode VD1 is connected with the resistor R, a cathode of the first diode VD1 is connected with an anode of the light emitting diode VL, the remote signaling indication circuit further includes a second diode VD2, a cathode of the second diode VD2 is connected with an anode of the first diode VD1, an anode of the second diode VD2 is connected with a cathode of the light emitting diode VL, and the resistor is formed by connecting the resistor R and the capacitor C in parallel. In the remote signaling indicating circuit, F is an independent alarm fuse, L is a current limiting inductor, a resistor R connected with the current limiting inductor is an indicating circuit current limiting resistor, a resistor R in a resistor container is a bleeder resistor, a capacitor C in the resistor container is a step-down capacitor, VD1 and VD2 are protection diodes, and VL is a light emitting diode. If the gap surge protection circuit fails, F will blow out, the LED extinguishes, and the surge protector is indicated to fail. F, after the melting off, the incidental switching operation changes the electrical connection between the switch contacts 11 and 14 from the open state to the closed state, and a signal is outputted: the switch is normal in the open state and fault or failure in the closed state. The switching logic may also select from closed to open, or signal combining outputs. If a remote signaling function is not required, the fuse may be used without an output contact.
An independent alarm fuse can be arranged in the trigger circuit of the implementation, and fault signal output is realized in the trigger circuit.
The function of the independent alarm fuse can also be realized by using a thermistor, a disconnector and a mechanical switch.
The indication circuit may further include a surge protection device, such as a transient diode, a silicon semiconductor, an avalanche breakdown diode, a zener diode, a punch-through diode, a foldback diode, a varistor, an air gap, a gas discharge tube, a thyristor surge suppressor, a thermistor, and combinations thereof. And a surge protection device is added, so that the indicating circuit is safer.
In this embodiment, the trigger circuit is at least one of a capacitor C, a resistor R, a resistive container, a piezoresistor RV, an inductor L, a thermistor, a transient suppression diode, an air gap, or a gas discharge tube, and the resistive container is formed by connecting a resistor in parallel with the capacitor.
In this embodiment, the serial circuit order of the remote signaling indication circuit can be adjusted.
In this embodiment, the gap of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is a gas discharge tube V, a graphite gap, or a metal gap. In the implementation, the more the number of gaps, the higher the starting voltage, the higher the probability of occurrence of gap blind spots, and the number of gaps of the multi-layer gap protection circuit can be 3-18.
Specifically, the gap may be any one of sixteen gaps as shown in fig. 8, in which fig. 8 (a) is a two-electrode air gap G, fig. 8 (b) is a two-electrode air gap G in series with a resistor R, fig. 8 (C) is a two-electrode air gap G in series with a piezoresistor RV, fig. 8 (d) is a two-electrode air gap G in series with a gas discharge tube V, fig. 8 (e) is a two-electrode air gap G in series with a two-electrode air gap G, fig. 8 (f) is a two-electrode air gap G in parallel with a capacitor C, fig. 8 (G) is a two-electrode air gap G in parallel with a resistor R, fig. 8 (h) is a two-electrode air gap G in parallel with a piezoresistor RV, fig. 8 (i) is a two-electrode air gap G in parallel with a two-electrode gas discharge tube V, fig. 8 (j) is a two-electrode gas discharge tube V in series with a two-electrode gas discharge tube R, fig. 8 (l) is a two-electrode gas discharge tube V in series with a piezoresistor RV, fig. 8 (m) is a two-electrode gas discharge tube V in parallel with a two-electrode gas discharge tube V, fig. 8 (n) is a two-electrode discharge tube V in parallel with a two-electrode gas discharge tube V.
Specifically, the trigger circuit may be any one of the four trigger circuits shown in fig. 9, where fig. 9 (a) is a capacitor C connected in parallel with a resistor R, fig. 9 (b) is a capacitor C, fig. 9 (C) is a resistor R, and fig. 9 (d) is a piezoresistor RV. The trigger circuit may be a combination of the above devices, or may be in series with an air gap or a gas discharge tube. The trigger circuit may be a combination of the above devices, or may be combined with an air gap or a discharge tube. The parameters of the various devices of the trigger circuit may be the same or different.
In specific implementation, the discharge gap G includes a first gap electrode and a second gap electrode, an insulating annular gasket is disposed between the first gap electrode and the second gap electrode, the first gap electrode and the second gap electrode keep a specified gap distance, and the first gap electrode and the second gap electrode are conductive materials, and the conductive materials can be graphite, metal or alloy. The metal comprises: silver, copper, gold, aluminum, zinc, tungsten, nickel, iron, platinum, tin, titanium, manganese, steel. The alloy is preferably tungsten copper alloy. The gap can be an open structure or a closed structure, the electrode plate is formed, the cross section of the electrode plate is round, diamond-shaped, rectangular, square, triangular, elliptic, waist-shaped or polygonal, and the thickness of the electrode plate is 1-8 mm. Preferably, the cross section of the gap is circular and waist-shaped, and the thickness is 1 mm-3 mm. The shape of the annular gasket corresponds to the cross section of the gap, namely, the annular gasket can be a circular ring, a diamond ring, a rectangular ring, a square ring, a triangular ring, an oval ring, a waist-shaped ring or a polygonal ring, and can be made of any one of polytetrafluoroethylene, rubber, nylon, mica, ceramic or DuPont paper, and the thickness of the insulating annular gasket can be 0.1-0.7 mm, preferably 0.2-0.5 mm.
The gas discharge tube V may be patch-packaged or package-packaged. The gas discharge tube V is sealed with ceramic, and is internally provided with two or more metal electrodes with gaps and filled with inert gas (argon or neon). When the voltage applied to the two electrode terminals reaches the breakdown voltage of the gas in the gas discharge tube V, the gas discharge tube starts to discharge and changes from high resistance to low resistance, so that the voltage at the two electrode terminals does not exceed the breakdown voltage.
In practice, the capacitance of the capacitor C in the resistor is 100 PF-100 nF, preferably 500 PF-3 nF, the withstand voltage is 100V-10 kV, the resistor value of the resistor R is 10kΩ -200 MΩ, preferably 500kΩ -20 MΩ, the power is 1/8W-10W, and in order to ensure that the charge charged in the trigger circuit is sufficiently discharged during the interval of lightning strike, the time constant of the RC is preferably 3 times or 4 times or 5 times or 6 times less than the interval between two lightning strikes when using the resistor.
The capacitance of the capacitor C is 100 PF-100 nF, preferably 500 PF-3 nF, and the withstand voltage is 100V-10 kV.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 10, this embodiment provides a triangular multi-layer gap type surge protector, the internal protection circuit includes three multi-layer gap protection circuits connected end to end, the head end and the tail end of each multi-layer gap protection circuit are respectively a first terminal and a second terminal of the multi-layer gap protection circuit, i.e. each multi-layer gap protection circuit is provided with a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminals of the three multi-layer gap protection circuits are respectively used as three different connection terminals of the surge protector, wherein the two multi-layer gap protection circuits further include:
n gaps: the first terminals and the second terminals of the multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series; it should be noted that, in this embodiment, the gap may have various forms, such as a gas discharge tube V, an air gap G, and the like, and the air gap G may be a graphite gap or a metal gap, in a sense that the gas discharge tube V and the graphite gap also belong to the air gap, and for convenience in presentation and description, the gap in fig. 10 is denoted by the air gap G, and n are denoted by G1-Gn;
n-1 trigger circuits Z1-Zn-1: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with a first terminal or a second terminal of the multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with a common gap electrode of two corresponding gaps in n gaps of the multi-layer gap protection circuit; the specific connection between the other end of each trigger circuit and the common gap electrode of the corresponding two gaps in the n gaps is as follows: one end of the p-th trigger circuit Zp is connected with a first terminal or a second terminal of the multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of the p-th trigger circuit Zp is connected with a common gap electrode of the p-th gap and the p+1th gap; the trigger circuits are represented by Z, n-1 trigger circuits are Z1-Zn-1, and in addition, the common gap electrode of the two gaps refers to the gap electrode which is commonly used by the two gaps or is electrically connected with each other;
wherein n is more than p, p is more than or equal to 1, n is more than or equal to 2, and n and p are integers;
Leaving a multi-layer gap protection circuit formed by a gas discharge tube V. The combination of the gas discharge tube V with one of the multi-layer gap protection circuits can be improved, for example, a high follow current blocking capability is not required in the N-PE protection mode, which can be used for reducing the size of the surge protector. The gas discharge tube V may be replaced with, for example, a capacitor C, an inductor L, a resistor R, a fuse F, a transient diode, a silicon semiconductor, an avalanche breakdown diode, a zener diode, a punch-through diode, a foldback diode, a varistor RV, a thyristor surge suppressor, a thermistor, an air gap G, a gas discharge tube V, and combinations thereof.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the invention, and the scope of the invention should be defined by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a multipolar multi-layer clearance type surge protector of high stability, its characterized in that includes three end to end's multi-layer clearance protection circuit, every multi-layer clearance protection circuit's head end and tail end are this multi-layer clearance protection circuit's first terminal and second terminal respectively, three multi-layer clearance protection circuit's first terminal is as respectively three different binding post of surge protector, every multi-layer clearance protection circuit still includes:
n gaps: the first terminals and the second terminals of the multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series;
n-1 flip-flop circuits: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with a first terminal or a second terminal of the multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with a common gap electrode of two corresponding gaps in n gaps of the multi-layer gap protection circuit; wherein n is more than or equal to 2, and n is an integer; the gap distances of at least two gaps in the n gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit are unequal, and the gap distance of the first gap is set to be the largest;
when n is more than or equal to 3, the gap distances of k adjacent gaps in each multi-layer gap protection circuit are equal, and the gap distances of k adjacent gaps are smaller than the gap distances of the rest gaps of the multi-layer gap protection circuit where the k adjacent gaps are located, wherein k is more than or equal to 2.
2. The high-stability multipole multi-layer gap type surge protector according to claim 1, wherein each multi-layer gap protection circuit is provided with a secondary protection circuit;
each secondary protection circuit is connected in parallel between a first terminal and a second terminal of the corresponding multi-layer gap protection circuit, or one ends of the three secondary protection circuits are mutually short-circuited, and the other ends of the three secondary protection circuits are respectively connected with the first terminals of the corresponding multi-layer gap protection circuits.
3. The high stability multipole multi-layer gap surge protector of claim 2, wherein the secondary protection circuit is comprised of one or more of a capacitor, a resistor, a resistive capacitor, a piezoresistor, an inductor, a thermistor, a transient suppression diode, an air gap, a gas discharge tube, or a fuse, the resistive capacitor being comprised of a resistor in parallel with a capacitor.
4. The high stability multipole multi-layer gap type surge protector of claim 1, wherein a decoupler is connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit.
5. The high stability multipole multi-layer gap surge protector of claim 1, wherein the trigger circuit is at least one of a capacitor, a resistor, a resistive capacitor, a piezoresistor, an inductor, a thermistor, a transient suppression diode, an air gap, or a gas discharge tube, the resistive capacitor being formed by a resistor in parallel with a capacitor.
6. The high stability multipole multi-layer gap type surge protector of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the gap of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is a gas discharge tube, a graphite gap or a metal gap.
7. The high-stability multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector according to claim 1, wherein a remote signaling indicating circuit is connected in parallel between a first terminal and a second terminal of one of the three multi-layer gap protection circuits, the circuit structure of the remote signaling indicating circuit comprises a fuse, an inductor, a resistor, a first diode, a light emitting diode and a resistor container which are sequentially connected in series, the positive electrode of the first diode is connected with the resistor, the negative electrode of the first diode is connected with the positive electrode of the light emitting diode, the remote signaling indicating circuit further comprises a second diode, the negative electrode of the second diode is connected with the positive electrode of the first diode, and the positive electrode of the second diode is connected with the negative electrode of the light emitting diode.
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