CN108054744B - Multipole multilayer clearance type surge protector - Google Patents
Multipole multilayer clearance type surge protector Download PDFInfo
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- CN108054744B CN108054744B CN201810090431.XA CN201810090431A CN108054744B CN 108054744 B CN108054744 B CN 108054744B CN 201810090431 A CN201810090431 A CN 201810090431A CN 108054744 B CN108054744 B CN 108054744B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using spark-gap arresters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0061—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning transmission of signals
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector, which comprises i multi-layer gap protection circuits, wherein each multi-layer gap protection circuit is provided with a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is respectively used as a different wiring terminal of the multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector, the second terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is used as a common terminal to be short-circuited with the second terminals of other multi-layer gap protection circuits, and the jth multi-layer gap protection circuit also comprises a plurality of gaps and a plurality of trigger circuits. According to the invention, the plurality of multi-layer gap protection circuits are arranged in the surge protector, and each multi-layer gap protection circuit forms a protection mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electronic devices, in particular to a multipole multilayer gap type surge protector.
Background
Surge protectors are electrical appliances that are used to protect against surges generated by direct lightning effects and indirect lightning effects or other transient overvoltages. The surge protector is arranged in the protected system, and acts when a surge is generated on a line in the system, so as to limit transient overvoltage and surge current leakage on the line and protect various electronic and electric equipment in the system.
Many protected systems, such as ac power systems, dc power systems, photovoltaic power systems, etc., include multiple lines. These protected systems currently place higher demands on the surge protector: 1) To have multiple protection modes to protect it; 2) Each protection mode has consistent performance as much as possible so as to prevent damage caused by engineering wiring errors; 3) Each protection mode of the surge protector needs to reduce the mutual influence of mutual circuits, so as to avoid unstable operation; 4) The surge discharge current of each protection mode is large, the residual voltage is low and the interruption freewheel capacity is strong. Meanwhile, further reduction in the size and cost of the surge protector is required.
Therefore, the design of the multi-layer gap type surge protector with the reasonable circuit structure and the multi-protection mode has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present application provides a multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector, which is characterized in that a plurality of multi-layer gap protection circuits are provided, each multi-layer gap protection circuit forms a protection mode, compared with the prior art, the multi-mode protection is realized, the device can be reused in different protection modes, the space can be saved, and the cost can be reduced. The application is realized by the following technical scheme:
A multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector comprising i pieces of multi-layer gap protection circuits, each of which is provided with a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of each of which is respectively used as a different connection terminal of the multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector, the second terminal of each of which is respectively short-circuited as a common terminal with the second terminals of the remaining multi-layer gap protection circuits, the j-th multi-layer gap protection circuit further comprising:
A plurality of gaps: sequentially connected in series between a first terminal and a second terminal of the jth multi-layer gap protection circuit;
a plurality of trigger circuits: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with a gap electrode of a gap of the j-th multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with a first terminal or a second terminal of one multi-layer gap protection circuit in the i-layer gap protection circuits;
wherein i is greater than or equal to j, i is greater than or equal to 2, and i and j are integers.
Further, the circuit structure of the jth multi-layer gap protection circuit includes:
n gaps: sequentially connected in series between a first terminal and a second terminal of the jth multi-layer gap protection circuit;
n-1 flip-flop circuits: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with the first terminal or the second terminal of the jth multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with the common gap electrode of the corresponding two gaps in the n gaps of the jth multi-layer gap protection circuit;
wherein n is more than or equal to 2, and n is an integer.
Further, the gap distances of at least two gaps in the n gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit are not equal.
Further, when n is greater than or equal to 3, the gap distances of k adjacent gaps in each multi-layer gap protection circuit are equal, and the gap distances of k adjacent gaps are smaller than the gap distances of the rest gaps of the multi-layer gap protection circuit where the k adjacent gaps are located, wherein k is greater than or equal to 2.
Further, a second-stage protection circuit is connected in parallel between the first terminal and the second terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit.
Further, the secondary protection circuit is composed of one or more of a capacitor, a resistor, a resistive capacitor, a piezoresistor, an inductor, a thermistor, a transient suppression diode, an air gap or a gas discharge tube.
Further, a separator is connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit.
Further, the trigger circuit is at least one of a capacitor, a resistor, a resistive capacitor, a piezoresistor, an inductor, a thermistor, a transient suppression diode, an air gap or a gas discharge tube, and the resistive capacitor is formed by connecting the resistor and the capacitor in parallel.
Further, the gap of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is one of a gas discharge tube, a graphite gap or a metal gap.
Further, the number of the multi-layer gap protection circuits is three, wherein,
The 1 st multilayer gap protection circuit includes:
n gaps: the first terminal and the second terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series;
n-1 flip-flop circuits: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with the first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with the common gap electrode of the two corresponding gaps in the n gaps;
The 2 nd multi-layer gap protection circuit further includes:
n gaps: the first terminal and the second terminal of the 2 nd multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series;
n-1 flip-flop circuits: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with a first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with a common gap electrode of two corresponding gaps in the n gaps;
The 3 rd multi-layer gap protection circuit further includes:
n gaps: the first terminal and the second terminal of the 3 rd multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series;
n trigger circuits: one end of each of the first trigger circuit to the n-1 trigger circuit is connected with the first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, the other end of each of the first trigger circuit to the n-1 trigger circuit is connected with the common gap electrode of the corresponding two gaps in the n gaps, one end of each of the n trigger circuits is connected with the first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each of the n trigger circuits is connected with the second terminal of the 3 rd multi-layer gap protection circuit.
The application realizes multiple protection modes in a surge protector by integrating multiple multi-layer gap protection circuits in the surge protector, wherein each multi-layer gap protection circuit forms a protection mode. Each protection mode adopts a plurality of layers of gaps as surge relief channels, so that the surge relief channels have large surge discharge current, low residual voltage and strong interruption follow current capability. The first terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is respectively used as a wiring terminal of the multi-pole multi-layer gap type surge protector, the second terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is short-circuited as a common terminal and the second terminals of other multi-layer gap protection circuits, and each gap main circuit is independent, has consistent performance and stable operation, and can prevent damage caused by engineering wiring errors. Because the devices are shared, the number of the devices is reduced, so that the volume of the surge protector is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
In addition, for a multipolar surge protector, the number n of gaps of each protection module can be equal or unequal, and when the multipolar surge protector is specifically used, the number n of gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit can be reasonably selected according to practical situations, when the number of gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is set equal, a symmetrical structure can be formed, so that the performance of the surge protector is more stable, wiring errors can be prevented, and when the number of gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is set unequal, the number of gaps can be selected according to different protection circuits, so that the optimal matching is realized; in addition, the disconnector is connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit, so that the protection circuit where the disconnector is positioned can be timely disconnected from the protected circuit under the condition that the current is overlarge or overheated when the discharge gap resistance of the multi-layer gap protection circuit is reduced or short-circuited, and the safety performance of the surge protector is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a multi-pole multi-layer gap type surge protector according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a Y-type multipole multi-layer gap type surge protector.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit configuration of a Y-type multipole multi-layer gap type surge protector different from the method shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a circuit configuration of an I-type multipole multi-layer gap type surge protector.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a circuit configuration of a Y-type multi-pole multi-gap surge protector with a secondary protection circuit in parallel.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a circuit configuration of a Y-type multipole multi-layer gap type surge protector with a decoupler in series.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of another circuit configuration of a Y-type multipole multi-layer gap type surge protector.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of still another circuit configuration of a Y-type multipole multi-layer gap type surge protector.
Sixteen different gaps are shown in fig. 9 (a) - (p).
Four different trigger circuits are shown in fig. 10 (a) - (d).
Reference numerals: g-air gap, Z-trigger circuit, RV-piezoresistor, L-inductor, C-capacitor, R-resistor, V-gas discharge tube, D-separator.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a multi-pole multi-gap type surge protector, including i multi-gap protection circuits, each of which is provided with a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of each multi-gap protection circuit is respectively used as a different connection terminal of the multi-pole multi-gap type surge protector, the second terminal of each multi-gap protection circuit is respectively used as a common terminal and is short-circuited with the second terminals of the rest multi-gap protection circuits, and the j-th multi-gap protection circuit further includes:
A plurality of gaps: sequentially connected in series between a first terminal and a second terminal of the jth multi-layer gap protection circuit; it should be noted that, in this embodiment, the gap may take various forms, such as a gas discharge tube V, an air gap G, and the like, where the air gap G may be a gap formed by a graphite electrode (abbreviated as a graphite gap) or a gap formed by a metal electrode (abbreviated as a metal gap), in a sense that the gas discharge tube V also belongs to the air gap, for convenience in presentation and description, the gap in fig. 1 is denoted by the air gap G, and n gaps are referred to as G1-Gn, and electrodes forming the gap are abbreviated as gap electrodes;
A plurality of trigger circuits Z: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with a gap electrode of a gap of the j-th multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with a first terminal or a second terminal of one multi-layer gap protection circuit in the i-layer gap protection circuits;
Wherein i is greater than or equal to j, i is greater than or equal to 2, and i and j are integers. It should be noted that, in general, each gap may be formed by keeping a certain space between two gap electrodes, and one end of each trigger circuit is connected to one gap electrode of the gap, and in this embodiment, the first terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is a different connection terminal of the multi-layer gap type surge protector, that is, a multi-layer gap type surge protector including i multi-layer gap protection circuits has i connection terminals.
Specifically, the jth multi-layer gap protection circuit structure in the present embodiment includes:
n gaps: sequentially connected in series between a first terminal and a second terminal of the jth multi-layer gap protection circuit;
n-1 trigger circuits Z1-Zn-1: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with the first terminal or the second terminal of the jth multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with the common gap electrode of the corresponding two gaps in the n gaps of the jth multi-layer gap protection circuit; the specific connection between the other end of each trigger circuit and the common gap electrode of the corresponding two gaps in the n gaps is as follows: one end of the p-th trigger circuit Zp is connected with the first terminal or the second terminal, and the other end of the p-th trigger circuit Zp is connected with a common gap electrode of the p-th gap and the p+1th gap; the trigger circuits are represented by Z, n-1 trigger circuits are Z1-Zn-1, and the common gap electrode of the two gaps refers to the gap electrode which is commonly used by the two gaps or is electrically connected with each other;
Wherein n is more than or equal to p and more than or equal to 1, n is more than or equal to 2, and n and p are integers.
The first terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is used as a connecting terminal of the multi-layer gap type surge protector, and the connecting terminal may or may not be short-circuited.
It should be further noted that, in the i multi-layer gap protection circuits, the n value in each multi-layer gap protection circuit may be equal or unequal, that is, the number of gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit may be equal or unequal to the number of gaps of the rest multi-layer gap protection circuits, in other words, the number of trigger circuits of each multi-layer gap protection circuit may be equal or unequal to the number of trigger circuits of the rest multi-layer gap protection circuits, specifically, each multi-layer gap protection circuit forms a protection module, each protection module is a protection mode, when in specific use, the number of gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit may be reasonably selected according to practical situations, when the number of gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is set equal, a symmetrical structure may be formed, so that the performance of the surge protector is more stable, and wiring errors may be prevented, when the number of gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is set unequal, different numbers of trigger circuits may be selected for different protection circuits, and different numbers of gaps may be adopted to realize different voltage protection levels, different current-following capability, different current-carrying capability and different current-carrying capability, and optimal protection performance and different current-interruption capability may be realized.
In an actual circuit, for example, in a single-phase power frequency ac line protection mode: protection between line L (phase line) and line N (neutral line), protection between line L (phase line) and line PE (ground line), and protection between line N (neutral line) and line PE (ground line) require that the freewheel interruption capability of protection between line L (phase line) and line N (neutral line) be higher than other protection modes.
Also for example: the three-phase power frequency alternating current power supply system circuit has the protection modes: protection between line L1 (phase line) and line N (neutral line), protection between line L2 (phase line) and line N (neutral line), protection between line L3 (phase line) and line N (neutral line), and protection between line N (neutral line) and line PE (ground line), wherein the residual voltage of protection between line N (neutral line) and line PE (ground line) is required to be lower than other protection modes. For another example: the protection mode of the direct current power supply system circuit is as follows: protection between line dc+ (direct current positive line) and line DC- (direct current negative line), protection between line dc+ (direct current positive line) and line PE (ground), protection between line DC- (direct current negative line) and line PE (ground). The residual voltage of the protection between the line dc+ (direct current positive line) and the line PE (ground line), the protection between the line DC- (direct current negative line) and the line PE (ground line) is required to be the same, but lower than the protection mode between the line dc+ (direct current positive line) and the line DC- (direct current negative line).
In the multi-layer gap protection circuit of the multi-pole surge protector, the follow current interruption capacity of the gaps and the number of the gaps are in positive correlation, and the residual voltage of the gaps and the number of the gaps are in negative correlation, so that the requirements of different protection modes of a protected circuit can be met by adjusting the number of the gaps. In addition, the number of gaps between certain protection modes is intentionally reduced, on one hand, the saved space can be used for increasing the heat dissipation space and the gap electrode size, and on the other hand, the total heating amount of the gap electrode is reduced in the impact process, so that the effect can be improved, and the lightning protection performance index of the through-flow capacity can be improved.
In this embodiment, when the number of the multi-layer gap protection circuits is three, a Y-type multi-layer gap protection circuit as shown in fig. 2 may be constituted; when the number of the multi-layer gap protection circuits is two, an I-type multi-layer gap protection circuit as shown in fig. 4 can be formed. The second terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is connected with the second terminals of the rest multi-layer gap protection circuits, and the first terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is used as a wiring terminal of the surge protector, so that the structure is clear and clear, the wiring is simple, and the operation is convenient. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the gap may take various forms, such as the gas discharge tube V, the air gap G, and the like, and the air gap G may be a graphite gap or a metal gap, and for convenience of presentation and description, the gap in fig. 2 and fig. 4 is denoted by the air gap G, and n gaps are denoted by G1-Gn.
For the Y-type multi-layer gap protection circuit shown in fig. 3, the second terminals of the three multi-layer gap protection circuits are shorted as a common terminal, which is denoted by a terminal M, and the first terminals of the three multi-layer gap protection circuits are provided as a terminal a, a terminal B, and a terminal C, respectively, specifically, the first terminal (terminal a) of one of the multi-layer gap protection circuits may be connected to a line N (neutral line), the first terminal (terminal B) of the other multi-layer gap protection circuit may be connected to a line PE (ground line), the first terminal (terminal C) of the remaining one of the multi-layer gap protection circuits may be connected to a line L (phase line), and a surge protection device may be provided between the terminal a and the terminal B, and between the terminal B and the terminal C, and between the terminal a and the terminal C, so that 3 protection modes are formed. If the number n of gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is set to be equal, after the arrangement, the same number of gaps exists among AB, BC and AC, and the same trigger circuit exists, each protection mode is of a symmetrical structure, and when the engineering confuses the wiring terminals and is connected in error, the surge protector is not damaged and the difference of protection effects is not brought.
In the protection mode, only the second terminals of the three multi-layer gap protection circuits are connected, and no other circuits are connected with each other, so that the gap of each multi-layer gap protection circuit and the operation of the trigger circuit are independent and do not influence each other.
The surge protection device in the protection mode described above is composed of a plurality of layers of discharge gaps, which are switching devices. Once the gap is turned on, the impedance is much lower than that of the voltage limiting type surge device, so the residual voltage is low. Thus, joule heat generated by the rush current at the electrode is relatively small, so that the rush discharge current is large. Because the gap is closed by an insulating annular gasket, no arc leaks. Since the gap chain of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is formed by connecting n gaps in series, the breaking freewheel capability is strong.
In this embodiment, the second terminal of the multi-layer gap protection circuit is denoted by symbol M, and the protection modes of terminal a and terminal B: the protection mode of the terminals a and C is constituted by the gap between the terminals a and M and the gap between the terminals B and M together: the AM is used in two protection modes, and compared with the protection modes of the terminal a and the terminal B and the protection modes of the terminal a and the terminal C, which use independent devices, the embodiment saves the number of devices, saves space, reduces cost, has good protection performance, and can meet the requirements of low cost and low volume.
In operation of this embodiment, each gap is conducted step by step, that is, the conduction of the subsequent gap is premised on the conduction of the preceding gap, for example, gap G2 is conducted and gap G1 is first conducted. In general, the ignition voltage of the subsequent gap is the sum of the voltage drop between the front gap and the voltage drop of the subsequent gap, for example, after the G1 is turned on, the voltage drop must be generated, so the voltage after the G2 is turned on includes the voltage drop of the G1 and the voltage drop of the G2 itself, and the like, the ignition voltage of the subsequent gap is raised step by step, and finally the ignition voltage of the whole surge protector is raised.
In specific implementation, this embodiment may further be configured to: the gap distances of at least two gaps in the n gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit are unequal.
Preferably, the gap distance of the n gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is gradually reduced from the 1 st gap to the n-th gap, so that when each multi-layer gap protection circuit specifically works, the voltage drop of each gap is sequentially reduced, thereby reducing the ignition voltage of the whole surge protector, and in addition, the gap distance of the 1 st gap is set to be the largest as the 1 st gap is closest to the protected circuit, so that the risk of breakdown of the 1 st gap is reduced.
As another preferable mode, n is more than or equal to 3, and the gap distances of k adjacent gaps in each multi-layer gap protection circuit are equal, wherein the gap distances of k adjacent gaps are smaller than the gap distances of the rest gaps of the multi-layer gap protection circuit where the k adjacent gaps are located, and k is more than or equal to 2.
As still another preferable mode, n is made larger than 5, and the gap distances of the 1 st gap, the 2 nd gap, the n-1 st gap and the n-th gap of each of the multi-layer gap protection circuits are made equal, and the gap distances are made smaller than the distances of the remaining gaps of the multi-layer gap protection circuits where they are located.
As shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment, a secondary protection circuit may be connected in parallel between the first terminal and the second terminal for each multi-layer gap protection circuit, where the secondary protection circuit may be formed by a piezoresistor RV alone or by an inductor L, a gas discharge tube V, and the piezoresistor RV in series. In the specific implementation, the number of the parallel protection circuits can be multiple to form a multi-stage protection circuit, the original multi-stage gap protection circuit is a first-stage protection circuit, the parallel protection circuits are a second-stage protection circuit and a third-stage protection circuit in sequence, and the like to an Nth-stage protection circuit, wherein the second-stage protection circuit can reduce the instantaneous peak generated when the first-stage multi-stage gap protection circuit discharges, and the lightning protection performance index of the surge protector is improved. The parallel protection circuit may be a capacitor C, an inductor L, a resistor R, a fuse, a transient diode, a silicon semiconductor, an avalanche breakdown diode, a zener diode, a punch-through diode, a foldback diode, a piezoresistor RV, an air gap G, a gas discharge tube V, a thyristor surge suppressor, a thermistor, and combinations thereof. As a preferred solution for space saving and low cost, the second stage protection circuit may consist of a varistor or of a fuse and a varistor or of a varistor and a gas discharge tube. It should be noted that fig. 5 is only one circuit case of parallel connection of two-stage protection circuits, and the I-type or other multi-layer gap protection circuits can also be parallel connection of two-stage or even N-stage protection circuits. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the gap may take various forms, such as the gas discharge tube V, the air gap G, and the like, and the air gap G may be a graphite gap or a metal gap, and for convenience of presentation and description, the gap is denoted by the air gap G in fig. 5, and n gaps are denoted by G1-Gn.
As shown in fig. 6, in this embodiment, a separator D may be further connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal of each of the multi-layer gap protection circuits, where the position of the separator D may be any position between the first terminal and the second terminal. For some occasions with particularly high safety requirements, due to the fact that the surge protector fails due to extreme reasons such as the fact that the surge exceeds the capacity of the configured surge protector, the power supply system is abnormal, extreme climatic conditions and the like, the whole surge protector is in a low-resistance and even short-circuit state to the outside, then electric energy of a protected circuit can be continuously applied to two ends of the surge protector, the surge protector continuously consumes the electric energy, heating or burning can be caused, so that the safety is reduced, the normal operation of the protected circuit can be influenced finally, after the separator D is connected in series, a protection circuit where the separator is located can be timely separated from the protected circuit under the condition that the current is overlarge or overheated when the discharge gap resistance of the multi-layer gap protection circuit is reduced or the short circuit occurs, and the safety performance of the surge protector is improved. In the simplest case, the release may consist of a fuse or a fuse, but the release may also be a mechanism. The mechanism comprises a first connecting conductor connected with a first terminal, a second connecting conductor connected with a gap electrode of a first gap and welding spots for connecting the first connecting conductor and the second connecting conductor, when the current flowing through the separator is overlarge or the heat accumulated on the separator is overlarge, the welding spots of the separator are melted, the first connecting conductor and the second connecting conductor form a space distance after the welding spots are melted, namely the first connecting conductor and the second connecting conductor are changed from electric connection to disconnection, so that the surge protector is separated from a protected loop, and the reliability of the surge protector is improved. The release is in the form of a simple mechanism on the basis of which a force element, such as a spring, can be added to accelerate the movement of the release weld. The insulating sheet is added, so that isolation can be formed between the first connecting conductor and the second connecting conductor after the welding spots are melted, the insulating strength is provided, and arc reignition is prevented. The detacher may be a combination of the above mechanism with a fuse or a fuse, and is not limited to one. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the gap may take various forms, such as the gas discharge tube V, the air gap G, and the like, and the air gap G may be a graphite gap or a metal gap, and for convenience of presentation and description, the gap in fig. 6 is denoted by the air gap G, and n are denoted by G1-Gn.
In this embodiment, the gap of each multi-layer gap protection circuit may be a graphite gap or a metal gap, and an insulating pad may be disposed in the gap of each gap, and the insulating pad may be made of polytetrafluoroethylene, rubber, nylon, mica or dupont paper.
In the implementation, when the number of gaps is larger, not only the starting voltage is increased, but also the probability of occurrence of gap blind spots is increased, and the number of gaps of the multi-layer gap protection circuit can be 3-18 as a priority.
In specific operation of this embodiment, taking the first multi-layer gap protection circuit as an example, when a surge occurs in a line connected to the first multi-layer gap protection circuit, the first trigger circuit Z1 triggers the first gap to conduct, then the second trigger circuit Z2 triggers the second gap to conduct, until the n-1 th trigger circuit Zn-1 triggers the n-1 th gap to conduct, in this way, surge voltage is applied to two ends of the n-th gap, and finally the n-th gap is conducted to form an overvoltage relief circuit, so that the protected line is protected.
As shown in fig. 7, the present embodiment also provides a multi-pole multi-gap type surge protector including 3 multi-gap protection circuits, each of the 3 multi-gap protection circuits being provided with a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminals of the 3 multi-gap protection circuits being respectively different connection terminals of the multi-pole multi-gap type surge protector, i.e., the multi-pole multi-gap type surge protector including 3 multi-gap protection circuits having three connection terminals, the second terminals of the 3 multi-gap protection circuits being connected to each other, wherein,
The 1 st multilayer gap protection circuit includes:
n gaps: the first terminal and the second terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series;
n-1 trigger circuits Z1-Zn-1: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with the first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with the common gap electrode of the two corresponding gaps in the n gaps; specifically, one end of each trigger circuit is connected with the first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end is connected with the common end of the corresponding two gaps in the n gaps, which means that: one end of the p-th trigger circuit Zp is connected with the first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of the p-th trigger circuit Zp is connected with the common end of the p-th gap Gp and the p+1st gap Gp+1;
The 2 nd multi-layer gap protection circuit further includes:
n gaps: the first terminal and the second terminal of the 2 nd multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series;
n-1 trigger circuits Z1-Zn-1: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with a first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with a common gap electrode of two corresponding gaps in the n gaps; specifically, one end of each trigger circuit is connected with the first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end is connected with the common end of the corresponding two gaps in the n gaps, which means that: one end of the p-th trigger circuit Zp is connected with a first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of the p-th trigger circuit Zp is connected with a common end of the p-th gap and the p+1st gap;
The 3 rd multi-layer gap protection circuit further includes:
n gaps: the first terminal and the second terminal of the 3 rd multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series;
n trigger circuits Z1-Zn: one end of each of the first triggering circuits Z1 to n-1 triggering circuits Zn-1 is connected with a first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, the other end of each of the first to n-1 triggering circuits Zn is connected with a common gap electrode of two corresponding gaps in the n gaps, one end of each of the n-1 st triggering circuits Zn is connected with the first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each of the n-1 st triggering circuits Zn is connected with a second terminal of the 3 rd multi-layer gap protection circuit; specifically, when p < n, one end of the p-th trigger circuit Zp is connected with the first terminal, the other end is connected with the common end of the p-th gap and the p+1th gap, and when p=n, one end of the n-th trigger circuit Zn is connected with the first terminal of the 1-th multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end is connected on a line of the n-th gap connected with the second terminal of the 3-th multi-layer gap protection circuit;
Wherein n is greater than or equal to p, n is greater than or equal to 2, p is greater than or equal to 1, and n and p are integers. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the gap may take various forms, such as the gas discharge tube V, the air gap G, and the like, and the air gap G may be a graphite gap or a metal gap, and for convenience of presentation and description, the gap is denoted by the air gap G in fig. 7, and n gaps are denoted by G1-Gn.
In some cases, the starting voltage and residual voltage requirements for some of the plurality of protection modes are relatively low. For example: the single-phase power frequency alternating current line protection mode comprises the following steps: protection between line L (phase line) and line N (neutral line), protection between line L (phase line) and line PE (ground line), and protection between line N (neutral line) and line PE (ground line). When protecting a single-phase line frequency ac line, it is sometimes necessary to make the protection between line L (phase line) and line N (neutral line) better than the rest of the modes. In the solution provided by the present embodiment, the first terminal of the first multi-layer gap protection circuit is connected to the line N (neutral line), the first terminal of the second multi-layer gap protection circuit is connected to the line PE (ground line), the first terminal of the third multi-layer gap protection circuit is connected to the line L (phase line), and for the protection between the line L (phase line) and the line N (neutral line), the order of gap breakdown is the first gap of the multi-layer gap protection circuit connected to the line L, the second gap of the multi-layer gap protection circuit connected to the line L, the first gap of the multi-layer gap protection circuit connected to the line N, the second gap of the multi-layer gap protection circuit connected to the line N.
The trigger circuit element of this embodiment uses a resistive capacitor, denoted by the letter Z for ease of description.
As shown in fig. 8, the present embodiment also provides a multi-pole multi-gap type surge protector including 3 multi-gap protection circuits, each of the 3 multi-gap protection circuits being provided with a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminals of the 3 multi-gap protection circuits being respectively different connection terminals of the surge protector, i.e., the multi-pole multi-gap type surge protector including 3 multi-gap protection circuits having three connection terminals, the second terminals of the 3 multi-gap protection circuits being connected to each other, wherein,
The 1 st multilayer gap protection circuit further includes:
n gaps: the first terminal and the second terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series;
n-1 trigger circuits Z1-Zn-1: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with the first terminal, the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with the common gap electrode of the corresponding two gaps in the n gaps, specifically, one end of the p-th trigger circuit Zp is connected with the first terminal, and the other end of the p-th trigger circuit Zp is connected with the common gap electrode of the p-th gap and the p+1th gap;
The 3 rd multi-layer gap protection circuit further includes:
n gaps: the first terminal and the second terminal of the 3 rd multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series;
n trigger circuits Z1-Zn: one end of each of the first triggering circuits Z1 to n-1 triggering circuits Zn-1 is connected with the first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, the other end of each of the first to n-1 triggering circuits Zn is connected with the common gap electrode of the corresponding two gaps in the n gaps, one end of each of the n-th triggering circuits Zn is connected with the first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each of the n-th triggering circuits Zn is connected with the second terminal of the 3 rd multi-layer gap protection circuit. Specifically, when p < n, one end of the p-th trigger circuit Zp is connected with the first terminal, the other end is connected with the common end of the p-th gap and the p+1th gap, and when p=n, one end of the n-th trigger circuit Zn is connected with the first terminal of the 1-th multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end is connected on a line of the n-th gap connected with the second terminal of the 3-th multi-layer gap protection circuit; it should be noted that, in this embodiment, the gap may have various forms, such as a gas discharge tube V, an air gap G, and the like, where the air gap G may be a graphite gap or a metal gap, and for convenience of presentation and description, the gaps of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit and the 2 nd multi-layer gap protection circuit in fig. 8 are denoted by the air gap G, and n gaps are denoted by G1-Gn; wherein, the 1 st and 3 rd multi-layer gap protection circuits use a resistor, and for convenience of description, the resistor is denoted by a letter Z;
The 2 nd multi-layer gap protection circuit further includes:
n gaps: the first terminal and the second terminal of the 2 nd multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series, wherein gaps are gas discharge tubes, and n gaps are represented by V1-Vn;
n-1 flip-flop circuits: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with a first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with a common end of two corresponding gaps in n gaps, specifically, one end of a p-th trigger circuit Cp is connected with the first terminal, the other end of the p-th trigger circuit Cp is connected with a common gap electrode of the p-th gap Vp and the p+1th gap Vp+1, the trigger circuits are formed by capacitors, and n-1 trigger circuits are represented by C1-Cn-1;
wherein n is greater than or equal to p, n is greater than or equal to 2, p is greater than or equal to 1, and n and p are integers.
For some applications: the requirement for reduced surge protector volume and lower blind spot requirements for certain protection modes allows for the use of gas discharge tube V for gaps in certain protection modes and the use of capacitors for trigger devices in accordance with this embodiment.
In specific embodiments 1, 2 and 3, the gap may be any one of sixteen gaps as shown in fig. 9, in which fig. 9 (a) is a two-electrode air gap G, fig. 9 (b) is a two-electrode air gap G connected in series with a resistor R, fig. 9 (C) is a two-electrode air gap G connected in series with a varistor RV, fig. 9 (d) is a two-electrode air gap G connected in series with a gas discharge tube V, fig. 9 (e) is a two-electrode air gap G connected in series with a two-electrode air gap G, fig. 9 (f) is a two-electrode air gap G connected in parallel with a capacitor C, fig. 9 (G) is a two-electrode air gap G connected in parallel with a resistor R, fig. 9 (h) is a two-electrode air gap G connected in parallel with a varistor RV, fig. 9 (j) is a two-electrode gas discharge tube V connected in series with a resistor R, fig. 9 (l) is a two-electrode gas discharge tube V connected in series with a two-electrode varistor V, fig. 9 (l) is a two-electrode gas discharge tube V connected in parallel with a two-electrode discharge tube V connected in parallel with a varistor V.
The trigger circuit may be any one of the four trigger circuits shown in fig. 10, in which fig. 10 (a) is a capacitor C connected in parallel with a resistor R, fig. 10 (b) is a capacitor C, fig. 10 (C) is a resistor R, and fig. 10 (d) is a varistor RV. The trigger circuit may be a combination of the above devices, but also with an air gap or a discharge vessel. The parameters of the various devices of the trigger circuit may be the same or different.
In specific implementation, the discharge gap G includes a first gap electrode and a second gap electrode, an insulating annular gasket is disposed between the first gap electrode and the second gap electrode, the first gap electrode and the second gap electrode keep a specified gap distance, and the first gap electrode and the second gap electrode are conductive materials, and the conductive materials can be graphite, metal or alloy. The metal may be: silver, copper, gold, aluminum, zinc, tungsten, nickel, iron, platinum, tin, titanium, manganese, steel. The alloy is preferably tungsten copper alloy. The gap can be an open structure or a closed structure, the electrode plate is formed, the cross section of the electrode plate is round, diamond-shaped, rectangular, square, triangular, elliptic, waist-shaped or polygonal, and the thickness of the electrode plate is 1-8 mm. Preferably, the cross section of the gap is circular and waist-shaped, and the thickness is 1 mm-3 mm. The shape of the annular gasket corresponds to the cross section of the gap, namely, the annular gasket can be a circular ring, a diamond ring, a rectangular ring, a square ring, a triangular ring, an oval ring, a waist-shaped ring or a polygonal ring, and can be made of any one of polytetrafluoroethylene, rubber, nylon, mica, ceramic or DuPont paper, and the thickness of the insulating annular gasket can be 0.1-0.7 mm, preferably 0.2-0.5 mm.
The gas discharge tube V may be patch-packaged or package-packaged. The gas discharge tube V is sealed with ceramic, and is internally provided with two or more metal electrodes with gaps and filled with inert gas (argon or neon). When the voltage applied to the two electrode terminals reaches the breakdown voltage of the gas in the gas discharge tube V, the gas discharge tube starts to discharge and changes from high resistance to low resistance, so that the voltage at the two electrode terminals does not exceed the breakdown voltage.
In practice, the capacitance of the capacitor C in the resistor is 100 PF-100 nF, preferably 500 PF-3 nF, the withstand voltage is 100V-10 kV, the resistor value of the resistor R is 10kΩ -200 MΩ, preferably 500kΩ -20MΩ, the power is 1/8W-10W, and in order to ensure that the charge charged in the trigger circuit is sufficiently discharged during the interval of lightning strike, the time constant of the RC is preferably 3 times or 4 times or 5 times or 6 times less than the interval between two lightning strikes when using the resistor.
The capacitance of the capacitor C is 100 PF-100 nF, preferably 500 PF-3 nF, and the withstand voltage is 100V-10 kV.
In addition, in the multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector provided in the above embodiment, an indication circuit and an alarm circuit can be added in each multi-layer gap protection circuit or among a plurality of multi-layer gap protection circuits, so that a worker or a user can know the working condition of the multipolar multi-layer gap type surge protector conveniently.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the invention, and the scope of the invention should be defined by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The multi-pole multi-layer gap type surge protector is characterized by comprising i multi-layer gap protection circuits, wherein each multi-layer gap protection circuit is provided with a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is respectively used as a different wiring terminal of the multi-pole multi-layer gap type surge protector, and the second terminal of each multi-layer gap protection circuit is used as a common end and is in short circuit with the second terminals of other multi-layer gap protection circuits; wherein the jth multi-layer gap protection circuit further comprises:
A plurality of gaps: sequentially connected in series between a first terminal and a second terminal of the jth multi-layer gap protection circuit;
a plurality of trigger circuits: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with a gap electrode of a gap of the j-th multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with a first terminal or a second terminal of one multi-layer gap protection circuit in the i-layer gap protection circuits;
wherein i is greater than or equal to j, i is greater than or equal to 2, and i and j are integers;
the circuit structure of the jth multi-layer gap protection circuit comprises:
n gaps: sequentially connected in series between a first terminal and a second terminal of the jth multi-layer gap protection circuit;
n-1 flip-flop circuits: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with the first terminal or the second terminal of the jth multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with the common gap electrode of the corresponding two gaps in the n gaps of the jth multi-layer gap protection circuit;
Wherein n is more than or equal to 2, and n is an integer;
the gap distances of at least two gaps in the n gaps of each multi-layer gap protection circuit are unequal; and the gap distance of the first gap is set to be maximum;
When n is more than or equal to 3, the gap distances of k adjacent gaps in each multi-layer gap protection circuit are equal, and the gap distances of k adjacent gaps are smaller than the gap distances of the rest gaps of the multi-layer gap protection circuit where the k adjacent gaps are located, wherein k is more than or equal to 2.
2. The multi-pole, multi-layer gap surge protector of claim 1 wherein a secondary protection circuit is connected in parallel between the first terminal and the second terminal of each of the multi-layer gap protection circuits.
3. The multi-pole, multi-layer gap surge protector of claim 2 wherein the secondary protection circuit is comprised of one or more of a capacitor, a resistor, a resistive capacitor, a piezoresistor, an inductor, a thermistor, a transient suppression diode, an air gap, or a gas discharge tube.
4. The multi-pole, multi-layer gap surge protector of claim 1 wherein a decoupler is connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal of each of the multi-layer gap protection circuits.
5. The multi-pole, multi-layer gap surge protector of claim 1 wherein the trigger circuit is at least one of a capacitor, a resistor, a resistive capacitor, a piezoresistor, an inductor, a thermistor, a transient suppression diode, an air gap, or a gas discharge tube, the resistive capacitor being formed by a resistor in parallel with a capacitor.
6. The multi-pole, multi-layer gap type surge protector of any one of claims 1-5 wherein the gap of each of the multi-layer gap protection circuits is one of a gas discharge tube, a graphite gap, or a metal gap.
7. The multi-pole, multi-layer gap type surge protector of claim 1 wherein the multi-layer gap protection circuit is three, wherein,
The 1 st multilayer gap protection circuit includes:
n gaps: the first terminal and the second terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series;
n-1 flip-flop circuits: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with the first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with the common gap electrode of the two corresponding gaps in the n gaps;
The 2 nd multi-layer gap protection circuit further includes:
n gaps: the first terminal and the second terminal of the 2 nd multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series;
n-1 flip-flop circuits: one end of each trigger circuit is connected with a first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each trigger circuit is connected with a common gap electrode of two corresponding gaps in the n gaps;
The 3 rd multi-layer gap protection circuit further includes:
n gaps: the first terminal and the second terminal of the 3 rd multi-layer gap protection circuit are sequentially connected in series;
n trigger circuits: one end of each of the first trigger circuit to the n-1 trigger circuit is connected with the first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, the other end of each of the first trigger circuit to the n-1 trigger circuit is connected with the common gap electrode of the corresponding two gaps in the n gaps, one end of each of the n trigger circuits is connected with the first terminal of the 1 st multi-layer gap protection circuit, and the other end of each of the n trigger circuits is connected with the second terminal of the 3 rd multi-layer gap protection circuit.
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| CN108054744A (en) | 2018-05-18 |
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