EP2268711A1 - Procede de preparation de films de polyaniline et films hautement auto-orientes obtenus - Google Patents
Procede de preparation de films de polyaniline et films hautement auto-orientes obtenusInfo
- Publication number
- EP2268711A1 EP2268711A1 EP09722703A EP09722703A EP2268711A1 EP 2268711 A1 EP2268711 A1 EP 2268711A1 EP 09722703 A EP09722703 A EP 09722703A EP 09722703 A EP09722703 A EP 09722703A EP 2268711 A1 EP2268711 A1 EP 2268711A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pani
- film
- polymerization
- films
- mol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 165
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical group [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 146
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 17
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000004736 wide-angle X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920000775 emeraldine polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000399 optical microscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004630 atomic force microscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940100630 metacresol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007868 post-polymerization treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008521 reorganization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001338 self-assembly Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JJYPMNFTHPTTDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 JJYPMNFTHPTTDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFBPFSWMIHJQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylaniline Chemical compound CNC1=CC=CC=C1 AFBPFSWMIHJQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RNVCVTLRINQCPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-toluidine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1N RNVCVTLRINQCPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[6-[4-(5-chloro-6-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-5-methyl-3-(1-methylindazol-5-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound ClC=1C(=C2C=NNC2=CC=1C)C=1C(=NN(C=1C)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(C=C)=O)C1)C=1C=C2C=NN(C2=CC=1)C AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpyrrolidine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1 AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSORSZACHCNXSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[2-(2-hydroxypropylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl]imidazol-4-yl]acetonitrile Chemical compound ClC=1C=C(C=CC=1Cl)C=1N(C(=CN=1)CC#N)C1=NC(=NC=C1)NCC(C)O SSORSZACHCNXSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDVUPIFFKAHPJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylaniline Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1N HDVUPIFFKAHPJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004160 Ammonium persulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 KCI 1 CaCl 2 Substances 0.000 description 1
- AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-pyrrolidine Natural products CN1CC=CC1 AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical class C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005157 alkyl carboxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019395 ammonium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MMCPOSDMTGQNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N anilinium chloride Chemical compound Cl.NC1=CC=CC=C1 MMCPOSDMTGQNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000089 atomic force micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- MIOPJNTWMNEORI-UHFFFAOYSA-N camphorsulfonic acid Chemical compound C1CC2(CS(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)CC1C2(C)C MIOPJNTWMNEORI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005595 deprotonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010537 deprotonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VMPITZXILSNTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-anisidine Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1N VMPITZXILSNTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012985 polymerization agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004439 roughness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000427 thin-film deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002371 ultraviolet--visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/02—Polyamines
- C08G73/026—Wholly aromatic polyamines
- C08G73/0266—Polyanilines or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2379/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
- C08J2379/02—Polyamines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for preparing polyaniline having in particular good charge transport properties in films, semiconductors and / or conductors, as well as the polyaniline (PANI) thus obtained, and their uses.
- one of the major problems is to obtain materials with good unidirectional charge transport properties.
- the development of the transistors requires an alignment of the ⁇ - ⁇ interactions parallel to the surface of the semiconductor film, and the results obtained so far are not sufficient in this respect.
- Polyaniline is in the following forms:
- the first consists of the evaporation of ⁇ - ⁇ oligomers conjugates under vacuum.
- the second is based on the use of soluble derivative solutions.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- ACS camphorsulphonic acid
- the degree of crystallinity of the films obtained usually does not generally exceed 40%.
- US2007 / 0249803 describes the use of formic acid in the polymerization of PANIs
- the polymerization of aniline is carried out in the absence of chlorine and in the absence of salts intended to lower the freezing temperature with a non-chlorinated acid at concentrations where it prevents the medium from More specifically, the polymerization of aniline carried out at -25 ° C.
- ammonium persulfate in the presence of ammonium persulfate is described in the absence of salt capable of lowering the freezing temperature of the polymerization medium, in the presence of formic acid in amounts of approximately 10 and even 20 times greater than that of the aniline involved, followed by a deprotonation carried out at room temperature. using an ammonium hydroxide solution, and the washing of the polyaniline powder is carried out with water, then with 2-propanol.
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyanilines by oxidative polymerization of aniline in an aqueous acidic medium comprising at least one synthetic step carried out in the presence of (a) the monomer of formula (An) RmR 0 -C 6 H 3 -NHR 'wherein R m, R 0 and R', independently of one another represent H, or alkyl, alkoxy or linear or branched having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, (b) a acid, (c) an oxidizing agent and (d) a salt, wherein the acid used is formic acid.
- the method of the invention highly crystalline and self-oriented PANI films were obtained directly after the synthesis.
- the synthesis step may be followed by a separation step of the PANI obtained in the synthesis step to obtain a film by depositing the separated PANI on a support.
- the separated PANI can be washed.
- the synthesis step may be followed by a drying step of the PANI obtained in the synthesis step, on a support.
- "Directly after synthesis” means without post-treatment other than filtering, washing or drying in other words without mechanical post-treatment.
- the post-treatments usually used in the prior state include neutralization, solubilization, re-protonation and / or stretching. Stretching is usually applied to improve orientation.
- the films obtained have a strong orientation of ⁇ - ⁇ interactions parallel to the surface, they have a high homogeneity and a very good compactness.
- Roughness measurements have shown that the surface of the film in contact with the glass may be of the order of 4 angstroms (0.4 nm).
- the process of the invention makes it possible to obtain PANIs which are free from solubilization or post-treatment residues, in particular of the methylpyrrolidone or of the cresol type (cresol, metacresol, etc.), ie without any post-treatment solvent, without plasticizing acid or other processability additive.
- the particular choice of the synthetic pathway allows the formation of the polyaniline nano-crystals during the oxidative polymerization of aniline.
- Films are obtained by simply drying the suspension of the nano-crystals of polyaniline deposited on a support. By simple drying, it is meant that it is a spontaneous reorganization during the formation of the films. The destruction of aggregates and the self-assembly of the nano-crystallites of the PANI obtained during its synthesis were found, leading to particularly anisotropic PANI films. This reorganization leads to the formation of films including thick films.
- the present invention relates to PANI spontaneously film-forming.
- the PANI of the invention is substantially free of post-treatment solvent. It is also free of plasticizer.
- spontaneous film-forming is meant that the PANI is capable of forming a film without mechanical treatment applied.
- the film is in particular without performing a solubilization step.
- the film is formed without the usual steps of neutralization, solubilization, re-protonation, and is oriented without stretching, i.e. it is highly oriented without stretching being necessary.
- the deposition on support for its drying which leads according to the invention to a strong orientation of the chains without mechanical treatment applied is also not considered, according to the invention, as an applied mechanical treatment.
- the present invention relates to PANI films having not less than 50%, preferably at least about 70% and more, of the order of about 80% crystalline phase. They exhibit a strong alignment of ⁇ - ⁇ interactions parallel to the surface.
- the conductivity of these films is of the order of 100-150 S.cm-1.
- the highly oriented films of the invention can have thicknesses of the order of 30 to 300 ⁇ m. They can be obtained directly after the synthesis of polyaniline by simple drying. As a result, the films are substantially free of plasticizer. They can be prepared without stretching. They are free of solubilization residue.
- the films obtained may comprise more than 80% of PANI with its counteranion and water. This having been highlighted by the results in terms of roughness, the films obtained are very homogeneous.
- the PANI chains are oriented there, the cores being perpendicular to the surface of the film. This appears especially in view of the diffractograms obtained.
- the diffractograms also reveal the anisotropy of the films obtained.
- the PANI according to the invention is particularly anisotropic with regard to its conductive and semiconductive properties.
- the electrons are transported in the direction of the PANI chains.
- semi-conductivity can be distinguished in the direction of the injected charges and conductivity in a perpendicular direction.
- the film orientation parameter estimated according to Herman from the diffractogram (Alexander, LE In X-ray diffraction methods in polymer science, Robert E. Krieger, Huntington, NY, 1979). Chap 4, pp 210-211 or Heffelfinger, CJ Burton, R.L. Polym ScL, 1960, 289) is, for the films of the invention, of the order of 0.8 and higher, in particular of the order of 0.84. By comparison, for isotropic powder, this parameter can even be negative. It is thus possible to obtain, with the process of the invention, films and materials in which the direction of electron transport is parallel to the thickness (direction of the chains) and the direction of the injected charges is parallel to the surface (direction of the interactions ⁇ - ⁇ ).
- thin films of highly organized polyaniline i.e. crystalline and oriented films, and also transparent films can be obtained by depositing the polymer on a solid support, at the same time. polymerization of aniline under the polymerization conditions described in the present application.
- the thin films are formed during the polymerization of aniline, by adsorption of primary nano-crystals on the surface of a solid support immersed in the reaction medium. These movies are here called “thin” movies, compared to movies
- Thinick (30 to 300 ⁇ m) which are formed from the precipitated PANI in the form of macroscopic aggregates of nano-crystallites, by self-assembly or spontaneous reorganization of the nano-crystallites during the drying of the suspension of PANI obtained by precipitation during synthesis.
- the thin films according to the invention have been obtained on support by immersion of supports, the deposition surface being preferably hydrophilic, in the polymerization reaction medium.
- the support (s) preferably comprise at least one plane or substantially flat surface. Any solid support, such as glass, silicon, mica, polymer, may be suitable. It may be plates. Thus, by support is meant any continuous or dispersed material substantially flat at the molecular level.
- the supports described in the examples are plates, but we also include in the definition of the supports particulate solids such as powders.
- the supports immersed in the polymerization reaction medium are removed, the presence of a thin PANI wire is observed. After being washed in an acid solution, they are dried.
- the thin films strongly adhere to the supports and remain intact after immersion in an aqueous medium of various pH and in organic solvent medium.
- Long immersion means immersion up to three months or more.
- the highly oriented thin films of the invention may have thicknesses, for example of the order of 20 to 100 nm.
- the thickness depends on the polymerization time. In about 1 hour, 80 nm films were obtained. It has been found that depending on the polymerization or immersion time in the polymerization medium, it is possible to obtain thin films with a thickness of between 10 and 250 nm.
- Thin films can be obtained directly during the synthesis of polyaniline. They can be produced in the same reactor and at the same time as the formation of the precipitated PANI which can form "thick" films.
- the present invention also relates to the application of the PANIs obtained in all the usual uses and, more particularly, in the form of films, as a semiconductor. It also relates to the application of the PANIs obtained in all the usual uses and, more particularly, in the form of films, as a driver. Finally, it concerns the application of the PANIs obtained in all the usual uses and, more particularly, in the form of films, as a semiconductor and, at the same time, as a driver.
- PANI according to the present invention is also found to be easier to solubilize in the usual solvents of polyaniline than the PANI obtained in the usual way, especially in N-methylpyrrolidine or sulfonic acids.
- Figure 1 shows schematically an embodiment of the synthesis method of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is an image taken under optical microscopy of the suspension of a PANI obtained by the method according to the invention.
- Figure 3 reflects the four images 3-1 to 3-4 obtained by optical microscopy for a suspension of the PANI obtained by the process of the invention, when drying at room temperature on a glass support.
- the image of Figure 3-1 was taken at a time to, the image of Figure 3-2 at a time of 3 min, the image of Figure 3-3 at a time of 8 min and the Figure 3-4 image at a time of 2 h 30 min.
- FIG. 4 is a photograph of a PANI film obtained according to the invention by drying at 80 ° C. on glass.
- FIG. 5 mainly reflects the TEM (transmission electron microscopy) image of an aggregate of the suspension of polyaniline obtained by the method of the invention, zooming of the image which appears in the top right.
- FIG. 6 reflects the 2x2 ⁇ m AFM image of the surface of a film of FIG. 4 obtained by the process of the invention formed in contact with glass.
- FIG. 7 represents WAXS diffractograms for a PANI film prepared according to the process of the invention (HCOOH-chlorides), in reflection and transmission mode and, for comparison, in reflection for the conventionally prepared PANI (HCl).
- FIG. 8 represents WAXS diffractograms of the surface of the film formed in contact with the glass and for PANI films prepared according to the process of the invention of different thicknesses: 45-50 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 9 represents a WAXS diffractogram of the surface formed in contact with the air for PANI films of different thicknesses: 45-50 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 10 represents two-dimensional WAXS diffractograms in angle-grazing mode of the surface formed in contact with the air and of the face in contact with the glass of two PANI films of different thickness obtained by the method of the invention.
- FIG. 11 represents the diffractograms of the polyaniline synthesized according to the invention in the presence of NaCl (4.2 mol / l) at a temperature: a) 25 ° C., b) 0 ° C., c) -27 ° C., and the diffractogram of the usual PANI.
- Figure 12 shows the water loss (% weight loss) for the
- FIGS 13 to 16 illustrate the embodiment of the invention concerning thin films. It is more particularly described in Examples 13 and following.
- Figure 13 schematically shows an embodiment of the method of the invention.
- FIG. 14 represents a two-dimensional X-ray diffractogram in transverse mode of a 80 nm thick PANI thin film obtained by the method of the invention.
- FIGS. 15-A and 15-B show the UV-VIS transmission spectra of a thin film of PANI obtained according to the invention, of thickness 80 nm deposited on a glass substrate respectively A: after the polymerization and B: after drying.
- FIG. 16 schematically represents the reversible discoloration of the film of
- aniline monomer used hereinafter, is meant any monomer of the aniline type of formula (I) R m R 0 -C 6 H 3 -NHR 'in which R m , R 0 and R', independently of each other, represent H, or alkyl, alkoxy or alkylcarboxyl or alkyl sulfonic, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R m , R 0 and R' independently of each other, represent H, or alkyl, alkoxy or alkylcarboxyl or alkyl sulfonic, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- monomers such as N-methylaniline, o-toluidine, m-toluidine, o-butylaniline, o-methoxyaniline and the like.
- R 0 and R m are in the ortho or meta position of the ring, and leave the para position free on the nucleus.
- R 0 or R m represents CH 3 and the other and R 'represent H.
- R 0 , R m and R ' represent H and the formula
- (I) represents the actual aniline CeHs-NH 2 which is the archetype of the formula (I) and on which the examples, the process of the invention, that is to say, its conditions of implementation, may however be adapted by the specialist to the other monomers described.
- FIG. 1 To carry out the process, it is possible to operate as shown in FIG. 1: in a preferably stirred reactor (1), distilled water, formic acid, salt (d) and the aniline monomer to prepare the saline solution.
- the oxidant (c) for example ammonium persulfate, preferably previously solubilized in water, is added to the aniline salt solution.
- the polymerization takes place.
- the concentration of formic acid in the polymerization medium is according to the invention between 0.5 and 15 mol / l, preferably 1 to 7 mol / l, and more preferably 4.5 to 5.5 mol / l. . Even more preferably, it is about 5mol / l.
- the pH of the polymerization medium is 2 or less, preferably less than 1.5.
- salt according to the invention is meant the salts MX x where M represents Li, Ca, Na, K and X represents F, Cl or Br, x representing 1 or 2 according to the valence of M.
- M represents Li, Ca or Na and more preferably Li.
- X is Cl or Br.
- the salts may be used in mixtures.
- the chloride More preferably, it is the chloride that is used.
- the particular choice of polymerization conditions in the presence of formic acid in combination with chloride (s) is particularly interesting.
- Preferred are NaCl, LiCl, KCl, and CaCl 2 and mixtures thereof, and among them, the preferred salt according to the invention is LiCl.
- the salt concentration depends on its solubility. It can vary between 2.3 mol / l for KCl, the least soluble, and 6.4 mol / l for LiCl, the most soluble.
- the salt concentration, according to the invention, in the polymerization medium may be between 2 and 7 mol / l, preferably at least 3.5 mol / l and may go to saturation of the medium to salt. It depends on the salt used. For NaCl, it is preferably between 3 and 4.5. For LiCI, the concentration in the polymerization medium is preferably between 4 and 6 mol / l.
- any suitable oxidant preferably strong, soluble in aqueous medium and whose reduction products are soluble in aqueous medium, more precisely in the polymerization medium, permanganate type, chromate or peroxide.
- an oxidant chosen from ammonium persulphate (NhU) 2 S 2 Os, Kr 2 Cr 2 O 7 , KI 0 3 , KMnO 4 or the like and mixtures thereof is used.
- ammonium persulfate (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O ⁇ is used.
- the polymerization can be carried out at an aniline concentration ranging from 0.001 to 0.2 mol / l, preferably 0.007 to 0.15 mol / l.
- the concentration of aniline in the polymerization medium is substantially between about 0.009 and about 0.05 mol / l, especially between about 0.01 and 0.04 mol / l.
- the oxidant / aniline ratio can range, according to the invention, from 0.5 to 5, preferably from 0.9 to 1.5. Preferably, it is substantially stoichiometric.
- the aniline is present at a rate of approximately 0.01 mol / l, with a stoichiometric oxidant / aniline ratio.
- the polymerization time may vary in particular according to the temperature and the concentrations of reagents used in the polymerization medium. For example at 0 0 C, it varies between 0.5 and 6h, including 2 and 6h or between 0.5 and 1.5h, variable depending in particular on the concentration of aniline.
- the conversion of aniline to polyaniline is about 80%. The lowering of the polymerization temperature leads to an increase in the crystallinity level of the polyaniline films.
- the temperature of the polymerization medium varies depending on the constituents (a) to (d) chosen, their concentration and their ratios. It is typically between -35 0 C and 10 0 C and may be between -35 ° C and -5 ° C, but the polymerization can also be carried out at a temperature of the order of 4 to 6 ° C. As will appear in the examples, it varies especially with the chosen salts. The use of salts, especially the most soluble chlorides (Li + and Ca +2 ) makes it possible to lower the temperature to about -35 ° C.
- the polyaniline powder may be separated from the reaction medium by any suitable means, for example by simply filtering the polyaniline suspension resulting from the polymerization. Any filtration device may be used, for example a filter (2) arranged in a funnel (3).
- the powder is washed with a solution of acid, preferably at a pH of less than 2.
- the washing acid is preferably formic acid, at a suitable concentration, but other usual acids, for example hydrochloric acids. , can be used for washing.
- formic, acetic, sulfuric or phosphoric acids are used for washing. It has thus been found that rinsing with hydrochloric acid does not make it possible to obtain such films.
- a solution of formic acid at 5 mol / l may be used.
- the washing can take place directly on the filter.
- the wet powder may contain about 10% by weight of polyaniline. The presence of aggregates of nanocrystals was found.
- the powder deposited on a support (4) is transformed into a glossy film which peels off the support at the end of its drying.
- Drying is understood to mean the evaporation, under vacuum or at atmospheric pressure, of the polymerization medium.
- the drying can be carried out at any pressure and temperature appropriate to the PANI.
- it is possible to carry out the drying in particular between 5 and 140 ° C., preferably between room temperature and 85 ° C., preferably between 75 ° C. and 85 ° C., preferably at about 80 ° C., for example in an oven.
- the drying may be carried out for example at temperatures of the order of about 5 ° to 30 ° C., preferably between about 15 and 25 ° C.
- the drying can be carried out partially during the filtering of the medium of polymerization, for example with a vacuum pump connected to the filter.
- the drying may be carried out wholly or partly on the support to obtain a film.
- the roughness of the surface of such a film is of the order of 0.3-0.7 nm at the micron scale. It can be of the order of 7 nm on a macroscopic scale. It has thus been possible to measure a roughness of the order of 0.4 nm at the 5 micron scale.
- the thickness of the films obtained varies according to the amount of polyaniline deposited on the surface unit of the support. It has been found that a quantity of powder of about 0.01 g / cm 2 makes it possible to obtain a dry film with a thickness of the order of one micron. With 0.6 g / cm 2 of PANI, a film approximately 45 ⁇ m thick was obtained. The thickness can vary between 40 and 300 microns.
- Polyaniline films having such characteristics having such characteristics (high orientation, crystallinity level up to 80% and more, conductivity of dry films of the order 100-150 S.cm '1 , even 120-150 S. cm “1 ) can
- the surface of the support may consist, for example, of glass, silica, and various polymers such as poly (styrene), poly (tetrafluoroethylene), poly (ethylene), and the like.
- the drying time varies according to the temperature, the thickness of the film, the preliminary filtering and the pressure applied, and can be of the order of 1 h to 6 h.
- the process of the invention makes it possible to obtain polyaniline (PANI) by oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of formic acid (approximately 5 M, pH about 1.45) and of chloride Lithium LiCI.
- the concentration of aniline introduced is about 0.04 mol / l.
- the oxidant used is ammonium persulfate, it is introduced at a concentration similar to that of aniline (about 0.04 mol / l).
- the concentration of LiCl salts is about 6.4 M.
- the temperature of the synthesis is of the order of -35 ° C.
- the medium remains liquid, the PANI alone precipitates.
- the powder is separated by filtration then washed with a solution of formic acid at about 5 M.
- the suspension is deposited on a glass support and dried at 80 ° C. The film comes off the support at the end of drying.
- the present invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of a supported polyaniline film by oxidative polymerization of aniline-type monomers in an aqueous acidic medium, characterized in that the oxidative polymerization of the monomer is carried out in a polymerization medium comprising (a) monomer of formula (An) RmR 0 CeH 3 -NHR 'wherein R m> R 0 , and R', independently of each other, represent H, or alkyl, alkoxy or linear or branched having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, (b) an acid, (c) an oxidizing agent and (d) a salt, the acid being formic acid and at least one solid support is placed in the polymerization medium having at least one surface preferably hydrophilic and recovering the support or carriers carrying the film.
- a polymerization medium comprising (a) monomer of formula (An) RmR 0 CeH 3 -NHR 'wherein R m> R 0 , and
- Thin films were obtained by immersing solid support (s) in a polymerization reactor where distilled water, formic acid, salt and aniline were introduced and, where the solution thus obtained is added the oxidizing agent such as ammonium persulfate previously solubilized in water. After mixing, one immerses (or) support (s) solid (s) in the reaction medium. During the polymerization of the aniline, the primary nanocrystals of polyaniline are formed followed by their adsorption and growth on the immersed solid support. The supports covered by the polyaniline layers are removed from the reaction medium, then rinsed with the acidic solution and dried. The drying time varies depending on the temperature, the thickness of the film, and the applied pressure. It can be of the order of 1 to 6 hours.
- the rinsing step is carried out with an acidic solution, preferably of formic acid, at a suitable concentration, preferably between 5 and 10 mol / l, but other acids having a strong hydration, for example acetic acids, Sulfuric, sulfonic or phosphoric acid or mixtures thereof are suitable for rinsing.
- an acidic solution preferably of formic acid
- a suitable concentration preferably between 5 and 10 mol / l
- other acids having a strong hydration for example acetic acids, Sulfuric, sulfonic or phosphoric acid or mixtures thereof are suitable for rinsing.
- a 5 mol / l formic acid solution is preferably used.
- the polyaniline films may be obtained on any suitable conventional support having at least one planar surface.
- the supports or their surface exposed to the polymerization medium are hydrophilic.
- the hydrophilic surface has a contact angle with water of less than 80 °.
- the present invention relates more particularly to applications in optical sensors in optoelectronics and in the photovoltaic and electrochromic field.
- a polyaniline film may be discolored upon simple contact with a steel rod as soon as it is immersed in a solution at pH ⁇ 3. This discoloration spreads in seconds by forming a circle around the stem. The diameter of this circle is much larger than the diameter of the stem. When the stem is removed, a return to the initial color is observed.
- the unstained polyaniline can be obtained by a chemical (or electrochemical) reduction of the semi-oxidized polyaniline (green) or oxidized (violet). Nevertheless, the propagation of such a process has never been observed or detected for polyaniline films, obtained by the deposition of the polymer on a support during a conventional polymerization. On the other hand, it is observed for the thin films according to the invention.
- the process of the invention makes it possible to obtain thin films of polyaniline (PANI) by oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of formic acid (approximately 5 M pH about 1.45) and lithium chloride LiCl.
- concentration of aniline introduced is about 0.04 mol / l.
- the oxidant used is ammonium persulfate, it is introduced at a concentration similar to that of aniline (about 0.04 mol / l).
- the concentration of LiCl salts is about 6.4 M.
- the temperature of the synthesis is of the order of -35 ° C.
- a glass plate inclined relative to the vertical is introduced. The medium remains liquid, the PANI alone precipitates, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, is adsorbed as a thin film on the immersed glass plate.
- the film is rinsed with a formic acid solution at about 5 M.
- the end of the synthesis corresponds to the moment of obtaining the polyaniline film of the desired thickness.
- the latter can be appreciated by the absorbance of the films (for non-dried films it is evaluated at a wavelength of 800 nm where it is maximum) measured by the UV-VIS spectrophotometry in "transmission" mode for the supports transparencies and in "reflection” mode for non-transparent media.
- the absorbance of the films of the thickness of 30 nm is approximately 0.07 and that of the films of the thickness of 80 nm is 0.5. It has been found that the dependence of the absorbance of the films as a function of their thickness is linear.
- the aniline concentration introduced was 0.04 mol / l and the oxidant employed ammonium persulfate, introduced at the same concentration (0.04 mol / l in the polymerization medium), and the LiCl concentration of the polymerization medium of 6.4 M.
- the synthesis was conducted at a temperature of -35 ° C.
- the first step of the synthesis is to have in two different pilluliers, the aqueous solution where the aniline is on the one hand and the oxidant on the other.
- the two pillboxes are added and the mixture is homogenized.
- the powder was separated by filtration and washed with a 5 M formic acid solution.
- a film was obtained by depositing the PANI suspension (approximately 0.6 g of PANI per cm 2 ) on a glass surface.
- the concentration of the PANI suspension is about 10% wt.
- the thickness of the film obtained is 45-50 ⁇ m.
- the Herman factor is of the order of 0.8 ⁇ 0.05.
- Figure 4 is a photograph.
- Example 2 In a 30 ml flask 17.3 ml of water, 4.7 ml of formic acid, 6 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) and 0.1 ml of aniline were introduced. . 0.2 g of ammonium persulfate was solubilized in 3 ml of water. The flask and flask were allowed to cool in an ice bath for 10 minutes. The ammonium persulfate solution was then poured into the flask with stirring. The polymerization took place for 0.5 h at the temperature of 4-6 ° C. The conversion of aniline to polyaniline has been about 80%.
- the suspension was filtered on a filter paper and the polyaniline powder was washed with a formic acid solution to remove the salts.
- the supension containing about 10% by weight of polyaniline was spread on a glass and allowed to dry at 80 ° C.
- the polyaniline film with a thickness of 70 microns having a degree of crystallinity of 70% was obtained after 2 hours of drying, for an amount of 0.1 g / cm 2 of deposited polyaniline.
- T f r Freezing temperature
- C f1 - concentration
- Example 2 The process of Example 2 was repeated under the following conditions: Aniline polymerization conditions leading to the production of highly crystalline and self-oriented polyaniline films.
- the images taken in Optical Microscopy were made in white light and with a zoom of x20.
- the same suspension was observed during its drying at room temperature on a glass support, and the observation was focused on an area of the sample where an aggregate is visible.
- the formation of the film was observed by optical microscopy over time, in accordance with the images 3-1 to 3-4 of FIG. 3 taken at time to, 3 min and 1 s, 8 min and 15 s and 2 h 31 min. and 57 s respectively.
- the volume decrease of the aggregates was observed during drying.
- the size of the aggregate is reduced by half (from 150 to 75 ⁇ m). This spontaneous disintegration is followed by a compactness of the material to form the PANI film.
- Image 1 reveals particles about 20 nm in size.
- the low contrast in height means a high homogeneity and compactness of the film.
- a measurement of the roughness of the surface of the film in contact with the glass has been made and gives an average roughness of 4 A. This value is valid because the z-measurement of I 1 AFM is very accurate.
- the conventional PANI has an apparent crystallinity of about 30%.
- the transmission mode and reflection mode diffractograms of the "classical" PANI are identical.
- the film probed in transmission mode gives different information.
- the peak at 25.3 ° (3.5 ⁇ ) has an extremely intense reflection while retaining the other three reflections but of lower intensity.
- the crystallinity of the film is about 70%.
- Polyaniline was synthesized according to the method of Example 4, at different temperatures in the presence of NaCl (4.2 mol / l), the polymerization was carried out at an aniline concentration of 0.01 mol. and at a temperature: a) 25 ° C, b) 0 ° C, c) -27 ° C, in powder form (a) and films (b and c).
- Figure 11 shows the diffractograms of the synthesized polyaniline.
- An amorphous PANI powder (1), a conventional semicrystalline powder (2), and a powder (3) resulting from the process of the invention were prepared in a comparative manner.
- FIG. 12 represents the values of the weight loss measured at temperatures of the order of 25 to 200 ° C. for samples of PANI synthesized according to various the following procedures: amorphous powder
- the concentration of aniline introduced was 0.04 mol / l and the oxidant employed ammonium persulfate, introduced at the same concentration (0.04 mol / l in the polymerization medium), and the LiCl concentration of the 6.4 M polymerization medium.
- the medium is homogenized
- the synthesis was conducted in a container 12, at a temperature of -35 °. A 10 cm / 5 cm glass plate was placed therein.
- Example 13a PANI-coated plate 10 is extracted from the polymerization medium.
- the conversion of aniline to polyaniline was about 80% (at the end of the polymerization, PANI precipitated in the bottom of the reaction medium, and the suspension can be filtered on a filter paper and the suspension treated as in Example 1 to obtain thick films).
- the PANI-coated support is removed after a residence time of 10 minutes, the thin film 15 carried by the plate 10 is rinsed (R) with a formic acid solution at 5 mol / l, and then dried (S) (30). nm at 80 ° C.)
- a PANI film with a thickness of 40 nm was obtained.
- the thickness of the film was determined by atomic force microscope (AFM) in intermittent contact (tapping) mode.
- AFM atomic force microscope
- the films obtained are highly organized and transparent. From the results of two-dimensional X-ray diffraction detected in the film thickness (the beam is parallel to the film surface) the direction of the ⁇ - ⁇ interactions is parallel to the film surface ( Figure 14). The crystallinity level of the films is greater than 80%.
- Example 15 Measuring Transparency
- Example 15 shows the optical absorption spectra of PANI film obtained in Example 13b with a thickness of 80 nm, a non-dried portion (A), secondly after drying (B) at 80 0 C for 10 nm.
- the minimum transparency of this film at wavelengths around 800 nm is of the order of 40%.
- Example 16 For a 40 nm thick film, as obtained in Example 13a, this value was 85%.
- Example- 17 Reversible reduction As shown in FIG. 16, the PANI film 15 obtained on a plate 10, as in example 13a, can be reversibly decolored by simple contact with a steel rod 18 as soon as it is immersed in a solution in an aqueous medium 17, at a pH below 3. This discoloration propagates in a few seconds, forming a discolored disc 19 around the point of impact of the rod 18 on the deposit 15.
- Comparative Example 18 The "conventional" PANI was obtained by "conventional polymerization", i.e. the process of Example 13a is repeated, the formic acid being replaced by hydrochloric acid.
- the layer deposited on support at the end of such a polymerization does not allow to note the propagation of the color in contact with a steel bar in an acid medium, that is to say does not exhibit the same phenomenon Reversible reduction in contact with a steel bar in acidic medium. She is not oriented.
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| FR0801390A FR2928646B1 (fr) | 2008-03-13 | 2008-03-13 | Procede de preparation de polyaniline et films hautement auto-orientes obtenus. |
| PCT/FR2009/000269 WO2009115714A1 (fr) | 2008-03-13 | 2009-03-13 | Procede de preparation de films de polyaniline et films hautement auto-orientes obtenus |
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| US9481764B1 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2016-11-01 | The Boeing Company | Flow reactor synthesis of polymers |
| KR101805085B1 (ko) * | 2016-01-04 | 2018-01-10 | 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 | 극친수성 표면체, 이의 제조 방법, 및 유수 분리용 필터 |
| CN109216564B (zh) * | 2018-07-25 | 2022-08-02 | 安徽理工大学 | 一种聚苯胺光敏芯片及其制备方法 |
| EP3778711A1 (fr) | 2019-08-13 | 2021-02-17 | Technische Universität Dresden | Procédé de synthèse d'un film polymère bidimensionnel ou quasi-bidimensionnel, film polymère bidimensionnel ou quasi-bidimensionnel et son utilisation |
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| US6967236B1 (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 2005-11-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Methods of processing and synthesizing electrically conductive polymers and precursors thereof to form electrically conductive polymers having high electrical conductivity |
| US5008041A (en) * | 1990-01-30 | 1991-04-16 | Lockheed Corporation | Preparation of conductive polyaniline having controlled molecular weight |
| US5095076A (en) * | 1990-11-05 | 1992-03-10 | Lockheed Corporation | Preparation of highly soluble conductive polymer materials |
| US5276112A (en) * | 1991-11-07 | 1994-01-04 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | High molecular weight polyanilines and synthetic methods therefor |
| US5403913A (en) * | 1993-08-12 | 1995-04-04 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Methods for preparing conductive polyanilines |
| NZ279887A (en) * | 1994-03-04 | 1996-12-20 | Bicc Plc | Linear polyanilines;absence of chain branching indicated by < characterised by an nmr spectrum in its leuco form; method of making polyanilines and conductive, oriented film of such polymer |
| GB2298210A (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1996-08-28 | Bicc Plc | Manufacture of polyanilines |
| FR2767138B1 (fr) * | 1997-08-07 | 1999-09-03 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de fabrication de polyaniline de masse moleculaire elevee sous forme d'emeraldine et polyaniline obtenue par ce procede |
| EP1272546B1 (fr) * | 2000-04-04 | 2006-08-02 | Panipol OY | Procede et appareil de preparation de polyaniline |
| FI113053B (fi) * | 2000-04-04 | 2004-02-27 | Panipol Oy | Menetelmä polyaniliinin valmistamiseksi |
| FR2830535B1 (fr) * | 2001-10-10 | 2003-12-19 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Utilisation d'acides sulfoniques, phosphoniques comme dopants de la polyaniline et de materiaux composites conducteurs a base de polyaniline |
| US20070249803A1 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2007-10-25 | Santa Fe Science And Technology, Inc. | Synthesis Of Polyaniline |
-
2008
- 2008-03-13 FR FR0801390A patent/FR2928646B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-03-13 WO PCT/FR2009/000269 patent/WO2009115714A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2009-03-13 US US12/736,110 patent/US8986790B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-03-13 CN CN200980115016.4A patent/CN101977967B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-03-13 EP EP09722703A patent/EP2268711A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-03-13 CA CA2717375A patent/CA2717375C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2009115714A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101977967A (zh) | 2011-02-16 |
| US8986790B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 |
| FR2928646B1 (fr) | 2012-04-27 |
| CA2717375A1 (fr) | 2009-09-24 |
| US20110281098A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
| WO2009115714A1 (fr) | 2009-09-24 |
| CN101977967B (zh) | 2015-01-14 |
| CA2717375C (fr) | 2017-05-23 |
| FR2928646A1 (fr) | 2009-09-18 |
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