Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
  • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
  • C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
  • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
  • C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
  • C21B13/0013—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state introduction of iron oxide into a bath of molten iron containing a carbon reductant
  • C21B13/002—Reduction of iron ores by passing through a heated column of carbon
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
  • F27D17/008—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
  • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
  • C21B2100/40—Gas purification of exhaust gases to be recirculated or used in other metallurgical processes
  • C21B2100/44—Removing particles, e.g. by scrubbing, dedusting
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
  • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
  • C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
  • C21B2100/62—Energy conversion other than by heat exchange, e.g. by use of exhaust gas in energy production
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
  • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
  • C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
  • C21B2100/66—Heat exchange
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
  • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the production of liquid pig iron or liquid steel precursors from feeds formed from iron ores and aggregates, wherein the feedstocks in a reduction zone subjected to extensive reduction and then a melting zone or a melting unit, in particular a melter gasifier, for melting with addition of carbon carriers and oxygen-containing gas to form a fixed bed, to form a CO and H 2 -containing reducing gas is formed, which is introduced into the reduction zone, converted there and discharged as a top gas wherein the hot, solid-laden top gas, with at least partial deposition the solids from the top gas, at least one dry dust deposit, in particular a coarse deposit, is subjected and at least parts of the separated hot solids in the molten zone or the melting aggregate or in a reduction zone rü be returned.
• a melting zone or a melting unit in particular a melter gasifier
• JP 05-078722A describes a smelting reduction process in which the top gas is de-dusted hot and the dust is introduced together with prereduced material in the smelting unit.
• the disadvantage here is in particular that hot gas cyclones achieve only insufficient dedusting.
• the object of the invention is achieved according to the method according to the characterizing part of claim 1 and the device according to the characterizing part of claim 12.
• the process according to the invention provides for the treatment of a top gas laden with solids derived from a reduction zone, solid material being separated off by dry coarse separation and returned to the process.
• the precipitated solid is placed in a molten zone, e.g. recycled in a smelting unit or in a reduction zone.
• the top gas is further purified, whereby the solids deposited in the fine-separation stage can be recycled to the melter gasifier and / or into the molten zone or discharged from the process.
• the melting zone and the reduction zone may also be formed as parts of a blast furnace.
• the top gas is subjected to at least one additional fine-precipitation stage, with at least partial separation of the solids remaining in the top gas, the temperature being at this deposition stage deposited solid is recycled to the melter gasifier or molten zone or discharged from the process.
• the top gas can be further purified and thus largely freed from solids, on the other hand, the solid separated thereby can be treated or used independently of the solid which was separated in the first stage. This allows fractionation of the solids and thus separate use of these separated solids.
• the precipitated solid in particular in the case where it has high fractions of slag formers, is admixed with iron and / or carbon carriers, in particular iron- or carbon-containing dusts, dried sludges or fine ore prior to entry into the melter gasifier or the molten zone in such a way that the solid together with the additives has a content of> 30%, in particular> 50%, of iron and carbon.
• Solids in the top gas may contain different amounts of valuable substances, such as iron and / or carbon carriers and slag formers, such as, for example, Have oxides.
• the discharged solid is first processed to enrich the iron and carbon contents, in particular by means of a Staubsichtung, a hydrocyclone, a flotation and / or a leaching of water-soluble or readily suspendable components, and then in the melting unit or in introduced the melting zone.
• the type of enrichment can be adjusted according to the available resources but also the facilities, the type of treatment can be selected accordingly from the known technical methods.
• a possible embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the entry of the deposited solid is preferably carried out by means of agglomeration burners in the upper part of the melting unit, in particular immediately above the fixed bed.
• This allows immediate reaction of the solid in the smelting unit in the area above the fixed bed, with rapid gasification and combustion, and the hot gas coming in contact with the packed bed surface, transferring some of its heat content to the packed bed.
• the dust radiation contributes considerably to heat transfer due to the high heat.
• the heat content of the agglomerated dust in the burner jet which is deposited on the Festbettoberf kaue - introduced in addition to its material substance -in the fixed bed. Under Agglomerationsbrenner the expert understands a device in the heat by combustion of z.
• B. carbon carriers is generated. Dust is removed by means of a propellant, e.g. Nitrogen, transported in a propellant gas stream and introduced into the region of heat, wherein it comes to soften non-combustible portions of the dust, so that the particles of dust agglomerate and agglomerates are introduced into the melter.
• a propellant e.g. Nitrogen
• solid particles are separated from the reducing gas before it is introduced into the reduction zone and introduced into the melting aggregate together with the solid deposited from the top gas.
• Solids in process gases are usually disadvantageous, so that the gases are first freed from the solids.
• the reducing gas generated in the smelting unit is fed to the reduction zone, wherein this reducing gas is usually laden with solids on leaving the smelting unit.
• a separation device is usually provided, which ensures separation of the solid prior to its introduction into the reduction zone, so that the reduction zone is not loaded with the solids, which consist predominantly of dusts and small particles.
• the separated in this separator solids are recycled to the smelting unit. Solids that have been separated from the top gas can now be recycled together with the solids separated from the reducing gas into the smelting unit.
• the merging of the solids can be done before and after the deposition of the reducing gas.
• a further particular embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the separated solid, optionally with the addition of fine ores and / or iron and / or carbon carriers, is fed to an agglomeration and as Agglomerate, optionally together with carbon carriers and / or with iron carriers, is introduced into the melting unit.
• the agglomeration of the separated solids not only their handling is simplified, but it is also possible by the said admixture to influence the composition targeted and thus improve about the energy balance and the process efficiency of the melting process or to influence the melting process on the admixtures.
• the said iron and carbon carriers can be utilized.
• the additional fine-precipitation stage comprises one or more dry dedusting stages, in particular dust filters, cyclones or dust bags.
• the additional separation stage the solid remaining in the top gas after the coarse separation is almost completely separated, so that a top gas with a very low content of solids is achieved.
• known devices such as dust filters, cyclones or dust bags can be used to achieve the desired deposition.
• the facilities are designed according to the requirements of the purity of the top gas and set the number of facilities accordingly.
• the additional fine-precipitation stage comprises one or more wet-dedusting stages, in particular scrubbers. It has been found that in some cases it is advantageous if the cleaning is carried out by a wet dedusting, because it comes here to a cooling of the treated gas and the purified top gas is required for further use at a lower temperature.
• the number of scrubbers is determined according to the required purity and the amount of top gas that needs to be cleaned.
• the application of a wet dedusting may also be indicated due to the need to remove filterable materials.
• An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the purified top gas is supplied to the use of its pressure energy of an expansion turbine.
• the overall energy balance of the process can be increased, since the heat and the pressure energy of the top gas can be used.
• the top gas is cooled before and / or after the dry separation by means of water, steam, ordegaseindüsung, wherein the gas volume is increased with at least partial evaporation of the water.
• the cooling of the top gas is necessary on the one hand, if a very hot top gas is present, since the facilities for the deposition of a very high thermal load not permanently withstand or a particularly expensive equipment of these facilities would result.
• the evaporation generates additional pressure energy in the top gas, which can subsequently be used in a separate process step.
• the heat content of the hot, purified top gas is removed via a heat exchanger and this heat is used to heat process or inert gases, drying and / or heating of Prozeßinsatz- or circulating or steam generation. This can increase the efficiency of the melting or reduction process and reduce production costs.
• the device according to the invention for the production of liquid pig iron or liquid steel precursors comprises a reduction unit, for reducing feedstocks, formed from iron ores and aggregates and a melting unit, in particular a melter gasifier, for melting the reduced feedstocks with the addition of carbon carriers and oxygen-containing gas, wherein a fixed bed forms and a CO and H 2- containing reducing gas is formed.
• the smelting unit is connected to the reduction unit via a reducing gas line, for introducing the reduction gas formed in the smelting unit into the reduction unit and a discharge, for discharging the reducing gas reacted in the reduction unit as hot top gas laden with solids.
• the reduction unit can be designed as a reduction shaft or as a plurality of reduction reactors or else as part of a blast furnace.
• the smelting unit may also be part of a blast furnace.
• at least one device for dry dust separation, in particular a coarse separation, of the solids of the top gas is provided which has a gas discharge for the removal of the coarsely purified top gas and a supply line which connects the device for dust separation with the melting unit, so that the still hot separated solid can be introduced directly into the melting unit. Due to the dry separation, the usual amounts of sludges which are customary with wet separation are eliminated, which in any case have to be treated and therefore have to be treated in a complex manner. Dry dedusting allows the temperature of the top gas to be largely maintained, so that this heat content can be supplied for later use.
• the device for dry coarse separation is a first gas discharge or a second gas discharge connected to at least one device for fine separation of solids, this having a further supply line, which connects the means for fine separation with the melting unit.
• the device for coarse separation of the solids is a cyclone, a dust bag or a hot gas filter, in particular a ceramic filter, or a group of units connected in parallel or in series of these devices.
• These devices have the advantage that a cooling of the top gas is largely avoided, that a water / sludge economy for gas purification is eliminated or can be made smaller in terms of a downstream Duststustungscut.
• the devices can be connected in series or in parallel. This is done taking into account the required degree of dust separation, the given gas flow rate and the desired fractionation of the dust.
• an agglomeration burner for introducing the separated solids into the smelting unit on the smelting unit, the supply line being connected to the agglomeration burner.
• the agglomeration burner burns the carbon contained in the dust with oxygen.
• the reaction gas ifies the carbon. In this case, at least part of the heat of the reaction gas and the remaining dust is transferred to the fixed bed.
• the reducing gas line before its confluence with the reduction unit a Separating device for separating solids from the reducing gas and means for returning these solids in the melting unit, wherein the feed line upstream of the separator opens into the reducing gas line or in the means for recycling.
• the separating device By means of the separating device, the reducing gas can be purified before it is introduced into the reduction unit and the solids separated off can be returned to the melting unit. This recirculation takes place together with the solid deposited from the top gas, the solid from the top gas being introduced via the feed line of the separating device into the reducing gas line or into the device for recycling into the melting aggregate.
• the separated solids can be recycled via a common means in the smelting unit.
• the device for coarse separation of the solids is connected via a supply line with an agglomeration device for the agglomeration of the solids.
• an agglomeration device for the agglomeration of the solids This allows a treatment of the separated solids, the solids are transported easier and returned to the smelting unit.
• the agglomerates can also be stored temporarily and fed to later use in another or in the same process.
• the melting unit has a feeding device for introducing carbon carriers, which is also suitable for introducing agglomerates.
• a feeding device for introducing carbon carriers which is also suitable for introducing agglomerates.
• solids of different particle shape and size can be used, so that a higher flexibility in the use of the entry device is given. It thus next to the entry device for the carbon carrier no further entry required.
• deposited solids are introduced as particles or dusts together with the carbon carriers.
• the gas discharge of the device for dry coarse separation can be indirectly connected by means of a second gas discharge directly or a first gas discharge with at least one device for fine separation of solids.
• the device for fine separation comprises a further gas discharge for removing the finely purified top gas and a discharge for discharging separated solids.
• the device for fine separation is a cyclone or a group of cyclones connected in parallel or in series, in particular from 2 to 5 cyclones.
• Cyclones have the advantage that they can be operated even at high gas temperatures.
• By adjusting the gas velocity in the cyclone it is possible to selectively separate solids, since the differences in density and size of the particles to be separated can be used.
• a classification of the separated solids can be achieved.
• By the parallel connection and adaptation to the amount of gas to be treated is possible. Due to the property that different solids have different density and particle size or shape, it is thus possible to selectively remove fractions of the solids, e.g. Separate unwanted slag formers to a high proportion by the fractionation and eject it from the process or to send it to a separate recycling.
• the device for fine separation is a filter or a group of filters connected in series, in particular a fabric filter, a ceramic filter or an electrostatic precipitator.
• filters have the advantage that they do without water or other auxiliaries and therefore operate cost-effectively in operation.
• the top gas is cooled only slightly during the treatment.
• An alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention provides that a further device for fine separation is provided, which is arranged connected in parallel to the device for fine separation.
• This variant makes it possible to connect the further device for fine separation as needed or to operate instead of the device for fine separation.
• this group can be shut down if necessary, in addition to the fine separation device or are used exclusively for cleaning the prepurified top gas withdrawn from the device for coarse separation.
• Another possible embodiment of the device according to the invention provides that the further device for fine separation with the first gas discharge or with the second gas discharge and via a return, optionally via an additional refrigerant gas compressor, is connected in line with a derivative.
• a return optionally via an additional refrigerant gas compressor
• an alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention provides that the device for fine separation is a scrubber or a group of scrubbers connected in series.
• the fine separation may take place by means of a scrubber. This has the advantage that the solid is separated to a very high proportion. Furthermore, there is a cooling of the top gas, which may be advantageous for certain other uses.
• a special embodiment of the device according to the invention provides that the second gas discharge connected to the device for fine separation and / or the further device for fine separation and with an expansion turbine for the use of the pressure energy of the top gas for the discharge of the purified top gas, thereby allowing a direct use of the pressure energy done the top gas.
• a special embodiment of the device according to the invention provides that a means for injecting water, steam or cooling gas is provided in the discharge or in the gas discharge, so that the top gas is cooled, wherein the gas volume is increased with at least partial evaporation of the water.
• the cooling of the top gas makes it possible to set a largely constant operating temperature for the devices for separation even with operational fluctuations in the top gas temperature. Thus, high thermal stress for these devices can be avoided. Due to the evaporation, an additional gas volume flow is generated in the top gas, which can subsequently be used in a separate process step.
• By cooling the top gas are also the possible facilities required for an application for deposition Of a solid in question come extended, since often the temperature of the gas to be treated is the limit for the use of a specific separation devices.
• a heat exchanger and / or in the further gas discharge for removing the finely purified top gas is or is in the first gas discharge for removing the coarsely purified top gas, a heat exchanger, to use the heat content of the top gas for the heating of process or inert gases, drying and / or heating of Prozeßinsatz- or Kreislaufstoffen or for steam generation arranged.
• the heat content of the top gas after coarse cleaning - or depending on the type of coarse dedusting downstream fine dedusting - can also be used after a fine dedusting to heat process gases accordingly.
• a temperature-sensitive device for fine dusting their components are exposed to the fact that the top gas previously passes through a heat exchanger, a lower thermal load. As a result, a variety of possible devices for fine separation can be used without the risk of thermal overload threatens.
• An advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention provides that the heat exchanger with the device for fine separation and / or the further device for fine separation and with an expansion turbine, to use the pressure energy of the top gas, is connected by line.
• the now cooled in the heat exchanger top gas can on the one hand another device for fine separation or fed directly to a expansion turbine.
• the need for a fine separation results from the solids remaining in the top gas after the coarse separation.
• the purified top gas is added directly to an expansion turbine. However, it is also conceivable that this takes place only after the fine separation.
• the further device for fine separation has a further supply line, which optionally connects the device for fine separation via a treatment with the melting unit.
• the separated solid can be utilized in the smelting unit.
• the solid of a treatment such as a classification, Sorting, crushing, mixing, draining ngs- and drying stage are fed.
• Fig. 1 shows a possible embodiment of the device according to the invention
• a pre-reduced or reduced material in a reduction unit 1 is fed to a smelting unit 2, such as a melter gasifier, and melted into pig iron in a fixed bed.
• the process gas formed thereby is withdrawn as a reducing gas via the reducing gas line 3.
• a separating device 9 the reducing gas laden with solids is cleaned, wherein the solid is separated by means of the separating device 9.
• the purified reducing gas is supplied to the reduction shaft 1 via the reducing gas line 3A.
• the starting materials are reduced by means of the CO and H 2 -containing reducing gas and the reacted reducing gas is withdrawn as top gas via the discharge line 4 and fed to a device for coarse separation 5.
• the hot laden with solids top gas is largely purified in the device for coarse separation by the solids are separated.
• a line 3B may be provided which connects the reducing gas line 3A to a wet dedusting line 20.
• the wet dedusting can be connected via a line 21 with a cooling gas compressor 28, wherein the discharge line 23 of the refrigerant gas compressor is connected to the reducing gas line 3.
• the separated solids are fed either via the feed line 7 and an agglomeration burner 8 above the fixed bed or directly into the fixed bed the melting unit 2.
• the agglomeration burner 8 can be connected to an oxygen supply 29 for the introduction of oxygen-containing gases or gas mixtures, which also supplies the melting aggregate with these gases or gas mixtures.
• the separated solids may also be introduced by means of the supply lines 7A into the reducing gas line 3 upstream of the separator 9 or by means of the supply line 7B into the device 10 for recycling 10 downstream of the separator 9.
• the means for recycling 10 can be connected by means of an agglomeration burner 8, which opens above the fixed bed in the melting unit 2.
• the supply line 7 may be connected to an agglomeration device 1 1 via a line 7C, so that solids from the device for coarse separation 5 of the agglomeration device 11 can be supplied. Furthermore, the agglomerates formed in the agglomeration device 11 can be introduced into the smelting unit 2.
• the agglomeration device 11 can be configured as coal briquetting, oxide briquetting or sponge iron compacting or briquetting.
• the agglomerates formed can be pretreated as coal briquettes via a line 33 and a charging device 12 directly into the smelting unit 2, as oxide briquettes via a line 30 directly into the reduction shaft 1 or as sponge iron briquettes first in a preheating and reduction stage 27 and then via line 34 in the melting unit 2 are introduced.
• the material prereduced or reduced in a plurality of reduction reactors can be fed via line 35 to the agglomeration device 11 for hot briquetting or hot compacting.
• the reduction rectifiers take over the function of the reduction unit in an analogous manner. These agglomerates are then introduced into the smelting unit 2.
• the first gas discharge 6A and the second gas discharge 6B of the coarse separation device 5 may be directly or indirectly connected to a fine separation device 13A and / or a further fine separation device 13B.
• a heat exchanger 17 may be installed in the communication line between the devices 5 and 13. This allows a temperature adjustment of the top gas.
• the discharge line 4 or the gas discharges 6A, 6B can be introduced by a means 22 for injecting water, steam or cooling gas, wherein the water is at least partially evaporated and the top gas can be cooled.
• the coarse separation device 5 is connected to the fine separation device 13.
• a heat exchanger 17 may be installed, which is used for the cooling of the top gas using the heat energy, for example for the heating of process gases can be.
• Parallel to the device for dry fine separation 13A, one or more parallel dedusting wet dust 13B can be provided. These may be operated together with the fine separation device 13A or alone. It is also conceivable to provide this wet dedusting 13B as a standby devices that can be switched on only when needed.
• the fine separation device 13 has another supply line 15A, 15B, 15C for recycling the solids separated at these fine separation devices.
• a discharge 16 may be provided to discharge separated solids that can not be returned directly to the melter.
• a treatment 24 of the solids deposited in the wet dedusting 13B may also be provided between the supply lines 15A, 15B, which may comprise a classifying, sorting, comminuting, mixing, dewatering and drying step.
• the treatment 24 may also be connected to the dry dedusting 5 via a feed line 25, so that solids separated off at the dry dedusting 5 can be supplied to the treatment 24.
• the treatment 24 can be connected via a line 31 to the agglomeration device 11. Via an entry 32 further dusts or additives can be introduced.
• the pre-cleaned or purified top gas can be fed to an expansion turbine 19 for utilizing the pressure energy of the top gas.
• the top gas, before it is introduced into the expansion turbine 19, are cooled in a heat exchanger 18.
• the heat exchanger 18 is placed in the further gas discharge 14, instead of a heat exchanger 17 downstream of the dry fine deposit 13A, when the dust loading of the gas upstream of the dry fine deposit 13A is too high for a permanent operation of a heat exchanger.
• the relaxed after the expansion turbine 19 top gas can be supplied to other uses.
• a return 26 may be provided so that the top gas purified at the wet dedusting 13B may optionally be returned to the drain 23 via an additional refrigerant gas compressor 28A.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
• Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)

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