EP2246624B1 - Installation de combustion ménagère dotée d'une combustion de matière solide continue et son procédé de fonctionnement - Google Patents

Installation de combustion ménagère dotée d'une combustion de matière solide continue et son procédé de fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2246624B1
EP2246624B1 EP10161404.8A EP10161404A EP2246624B1 EP 2246624 B1 EP2246624 B1 EP 2246624B1 EP 10161404 A EP10161404 A EP 10161404A EP 2246624 B1 EP2246624 B1 EP 2246624B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
feed air
phase
fuel
dependence
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EP10161404.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2246624A2 (fr
EP2246624A3 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Kohler
Paul Butschbach
Dominik Glesing
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TLB GmbH
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TLB GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/02—Start-up techniques
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a domestic heating system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the EP 977 965 B1 discloses a burner optimized for reducing particulate matter for a heater operated with a solid fuel, for example pellets or similar isolated parts of a solid fuel.
  • a supply of supply air takes place only via an air supply device, the air supply is distributed by means of a convection fan around the fireplace around.
  • An oxygen sensor controls the air supply and sets a preferred optimal air / fuel ratio by Abgigeich the fuel supply and the air supply.
  • a method for operating a combustion system for combusting fuels in which a primary and a secondary air supply device are regulated as a function of the content of carbon monoxide, which is continuously measured by means of a carbon monoxide sensor, and dependent on the temperature.
  • the secondary supply of supply air and the fuel supply are regulated depending on the content of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas and the combustion temperature.
  • the use of a carbon monoxide sensor is expensive and requires a lot of maintenance.
  • the method does not provide a separate control in non-stationary operation of the furnace, so that especially in a start phase, no separate control takes place, which prevents emissions of pollutants, especially not completely oxidized pollutants in this start phase.
  • combustion plants for comminuted solid fuels such as pellets, wood chips and the like are available on the market, which indeed have an afterburning by means of a secondary supply device and a sensor for determining the residual oxygen content in the exhaust gas, but have no or no separate control for the starting phase.
  • a furnace for the continuous combustion of solid, crushed and pelletized fuel with a metering device for metering the fuel into a combustion chamber, a primary Zu Kunststoff Rhein for metering the supply air necessary for the combustion process, a secondary air supply device for afterburning of incompletely oxidized combustion products, a temperature sensor for Detecting the combustion temperature and an oxygen sensor for detecting the residual oxygen content present in the exhaust known.
  • the method for controlling the domestic heating system with a metering device for metering the fuel into a combustion chamber, a primary Zu Kunststoff for metering the supply air necessary for the combustion process, a secondary Zu Kunststofferie founded for afterburning of incompletely oxidized combustion products, a temperature sensor For detecting the combustion temperature and an oxygen sensor for detecting the residual oxygen present in the exhaust gas and an igniter for igniting the fuel is the continuous combustion of solid, comminuted fuels during different operating phases, namely an ignition phase during which the fuel is ignited, a start-up phase in the the combustion process is stabilized and an operating phase with a stationary combustion operation, wherein during the stationary phase of operation, the metering device depending on a fuel-controlled heat demand and the primary air supply device depending on the dosage of the solid fuel and the secondary air supply is controlled depending on the residual oxygen and during the ignition phase, the primary air supply device operated constant and the secondary air supply device depending on the combustion temperature and depending on the residual amount content is regulated.
  • the primary air supply device is regulated as a function of the metering of the fuel, for example in the form of a controllable or controllable fuel volume flow, and the secondary air supply device as a function of the residual oxygen content.
  • the control of the air supply device can additionally take place as a function of the combustion temperature, since it can be assumed with lower heat outputs that the combustion temperature can be correspondingly lower and therefore a regulation may be necessary which takes into account both the residual oxygen content and the combustion temperature.
  • the pollutant emissions can not only - as required by legislators limited - reduced in the stationary operating phase and above all in the non-stationary combustion processes for pollutant emissions particularly vulnerable ignition or start-up phase can be reduced, which together quite a duration 10-30 minutes can take.
  • Suitable fuels are all solid, comminuted fuels, for example organic fuels such as wood pellets, woodchips, generally prepared, portioned biomass and the like.
  • the metering device of the domestic heating system can be formed from a screw conveyor, a conveyor belt or the like.
  • the primary and secondary Zu Kunststoff can be formed, for example, each of a fan whose speed is set by a corresponding control and in this way the amount of metered supply air is specified.
  • the separate metering of the primary and / or secondary supply air flow via a suction draft fan and separately controllable Zu Kunststoffschieber or the like.
  • the primary supply air preferably takes place from below a rust for the ignited fuel.
  • the secondary supply air is preferably introduced into the afterburning zone, for example by means of one or more nozzles, so that there is optimum mixing with the exhaust gas stream and can be preheated in order to reduce the reduction of the combustion temperature.
  • a separation between the combustion chamber and a post-combustion chamber to avoid harmful convection may be provided.
  • the temperature sensor may be formed by a thermocouple, a thermometer, a pyroelement or the like and preferably detects the combustion temperature at a characteristic point in the combustion chamber in the combustion chamber, preferably in the vicinity of the maximum temperature.
  • an average combustion temperature By means of appropriate empirical considerations, it is possible to infer an average combustion temperature and thus the formation or setting of an equilibrium of incompletely oxidized pollutants such as, for example, carbon monoxide, (polycyclic) hydrocarbons and / or fine dust in the exhaust gas.
  • an oxygen sensor an optical or electrochemical sensor can be used. This sensor is preferably provided at the outlet of the exhaust gas, for example, prior to introduction into a chimney.
  • the ignition device may be a hot air blower which ignites the fuel on the grate by gas temperatures above the flash point.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the domestic heating system provides to operate the primary air supply device for igniting the fuel when the secondary air supply device is switched off with a constant supply air. In this way, the fuel can be ignited quickly and safely without cooling the hot air of the fan heater with a correspondingly limited supply.
  • the secondary air supply device After ignition of the fuel, the secondary air supply device advantageously remains shut down until the residual oxygen falls below a predetermined value, for example 18% by volume. In this case, the secondary air supply device remain shut down until in addition the combustion temperature exceeds a predetermined value, for example 400 ° C to 450 ° C. If the predetermined value of the combustion temperature is exceeded for the first time, a regulation of the secondary supply air flow takes place when the value falls below the predetermined value for the residual oxygen content, depending on the combustion temperature and the content of residual oxygen. In this case, different combustion control functions, for example, with different control character can be specified for combustion temperatures above the predetermined value and firing temperatures equal to or below the predetermined value.
  • controllers such as a P, PI, PID controller can be used or the control parameters are weighted differently among each other.
  • the predetermined Values for switching the control based on the combustion temperature and the content of residual oxygen can be varied.
  • Such a scheme seeks to minimize the combustion temperature reduction by supply air through the secondary supply means to avoid the formation of said pollutants due to low temperature, even when already started combustion as far as possible. In this way, the ignition process is started quickly and immediately switched to an effective afterburning by supplying air through the secondary feeder, as soon as pollutant formation due to the formation conditions, for example the formation of carbon monoxide according to the Boudouard equilibrium is no longer negligible.
  • the ignition phase When the ignition phase is completed, it switches to the start-up phase.
  • the secondary supply air is restricted to a minimum value, at least at the beginning of the start-up phase, according to an advantageous embodiment of the domestic heating system.
  • the primary supply air after stable ignition of the fuel is controlled depending on a dosage of the fuel, which can be made to start the combustion process with increasing rate of fuel, with a minimum supply of secondary supply air, to a base load of supply air for afterburning be kept available from any resulting pollutants. Since the conditions of the combustion and the reaction products vary greatly in the start-up phase, in particular after restarting with already combusted fuel, the regulation of the secondary supply air must always be based on the combustion temperature and on the residual oxygen content in the exhaust gas.
  • the duration of the ignition phase and the start-up phase can be limited in time.
  • empirically obtained information of a combustion process can be used as switching times from the ignition phase into the starting phase or from the starting phase into the operating phase with stationary combustion operation.
  • the switching points between the individual phases can be determined from a currently present combustion situation, for example based on the obtained sensor data for residual oxygen and / or the combustion temperature and operating data of the supply devices and / or the metering devices.
  • the duration of the ignition phase and / or the start-up phase may depend on a downtime of the domestic heating system be predeterminable. In this way, for example, a residual heat in the combustion chamber or the temperature of the combustible material can be met. For example, a longer duration of the ignition and / or start-up phase can be provided when restarting the domestic combustion system with exclusively unburned fuel.
  • the primary air supply device is regulated as a function of the set fuel volume flow via the metering device.
  • substantially constant temperature can be dispensed with a temperature influence of the control of the secondary supply means and only one of the residual oxygen dependent control can be made, which indirectly also takes into account different fuel qualities (e.g., porosity).
  • the externally required heat demand of the domestic heating system such as full load or part load operation can be performed by the uniform guidance of fuel supply and supply of air via the primary supply means.
  • the secondary supply means may be corrected depending on the change of the combustion temperature.
  • the control process or the supply of secondary or primary supply air can be stopped by the metering device is turned off and the falling below a predetermined value of the combustion temperature is detected.
  • the regulation of the proposed domestic heating system can be configured at the factory or by the customer.
  • at least one of parameters for representing a dependency of the primary and / or secondary air supply device on the combustion temperature, the residual oxygen and / or the fuel supply depending on a downtime of the domestic heating system can be specified.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé de régulation d'une installation de combustion ménagère avec un dispositif de dosage pour le dosage du combustible dans une chambre de combustion, avec un dispositif d'admission d'air primaire pour le dosage de l'air d'admission nécessaire pour le processus de combustion, un dispositif d'admission d'air secondaire pour la postcombustion de produits de combustion incomplètement oxydés, un capteur de température pour la détection de la température de combustion et un détecteur d'oxygène pour détecter la teneur en oxygène résiduel présente dans les gaz d'échappement ainsi qu'un dispositif d'allumage pour l'allumage du combustible pour la combustion continue de combustibles solides, broyés ou agglomérés pendant différentes phases de fonctionnement, notamment une phase d'allumage, pendant laquelle un combustible est allumé, une phase initiale pendant laquelle le processus de combustion est stabilisé et une phase de fonctionnement avec un fonctionnement de combustion stationnaire, dans lequel, pendant la phase de fonctionnement avec un fonctionnement de combustion stationnaire, le dispositif de dosage est régulé en fonction de la demande de chaleur et le dispositif d'admission d'air primaire est régulé en fonction du courant volumique de combustible et le dispositif d'admission d'air secondaire est régulé en fonction de la teneur en oxygène résiduel et éventuellement de la température de combustion, dans lequel, pendant la phase d'allumage, le dispositif d'admission d'air primaire est en fonctionnement constant, caractérisé en ce que, pendant la phase d'allumage, le dispositif d'admission d'air secondaire est conduit en fonction de la température de combustion et en fonction de la teneur en oxygène résiduel et, pendant la phase initiale, le dispositif d'admission d'air primaire est régulé en fonction du dosage de combustible et le dispositif d'admission d'air secondaire est régulé en fonction de la teneur en oxygène résiduel.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'admission d'air primaire est en outre régulé pendant la phase initiale en fonction de la température de combustion.
  3. Procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'admission d'air secondaire reste à l'arrêt jusqu'à ce que la teneur en oxygène résiduel dans les gaz d'échappement descende sous une valeur prédéterminée ou que la température de combustion dépasse pour la première fois une valeur prédéterminée.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que, lors du premier dépassement de la température de combustion au-delà de la valeur prédéterminée, le dispositif d'admission d'air secondaire est régulé selon une fonction, dans lequel le courant d'air d'admission secondaire est dépendant de la température de combustion et de la teneur en oxygène résiduel.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que, pendant la phase initiale, l'air d'admission secondaire est limité au moins à une valeur minimale.
  6. Procédé selon une revendication 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, dans la phase de fonctionnement stationnaire, le courant d'air d'admission secondaire est régulé en fonction de la teneur en oxygène résiduel dans les gaz d'échappement et de la température de combustion.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la phase de fonctionnement se termine par la descente de la température de combustion en dessous d'une valeur prédéterminée.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'on prédétermine au moins un des paramètres destinés à représenter la dépendance du dispositif d'admission d'air primaire et/ou secondaire par rapport à la température de combustion, à la teneur en oxygène résiduel et/ou au courant volumique de combustible en fonction d'un temps d'arrêt de l'installation de combustion ménagère.
  9. Installation de combustion ménagère avec une chambre de combustion et un dispositif de dosage pour le dosage du combustible dans la chambre de combustion, un dispositif d'admission d'air primaire pour le dosage de l'air d'admission nécessaire pour le processus de combustion, un dispositif d'admission d'air secondaire pour la postcombustion de produits de combustion incomplètement oxydés, un capteur de température pour la détection de la température de combustion et un détecteur d'oxygène pour la détection de la teneur en oxygène résiduel dans les gaz d'échappement ainsi qu'un dispositif d'allumage pour l'allumage du combustible et un régulateur, qui est conçu pour l'exécution du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8.
EP10161404.8A 2009-04-29 2010-04-29 Installation de combustion ménagère dotée d'une combustion de matière solide continue et son procédé de fonctionnement Active EP2246624B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009019118A DE102009019118A1 (de) 2009-04-29 2009-04-29 Hausfeuerungsanlage mit kontinuierlicher Feststoffverbrennung und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2246624A2 EP2246624A2 (fr) 2010-11-03
EP2246624A3 EP2246624A3 (fr) 2012-04-25
EP2246624B1 true EP2246624B1 (fr) 2016-04-20

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10161404.8A Active EP2246624B1 (fr) 2009-04-29 2010-04-29 Installation de combustion ménagère dotée d'une combustion de matière solide continue et son procédé de fonctionnement

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EP (1) EP2246624B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009019118A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT511145B1 (de) * 2011-03-14 2014-03-15 Riener Karl Stefan Verfahren zur regelung einer heizeinrichtung
DE102013207720B4 (de) * 2013-04-26 2019-10-17 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Überwachung von Verbrennungsanlagen
DE102016103609A1 (de) * 2016-03-01 2017-09-07 Hochschule Karlsruhe-Technik Und Wirtschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von festen organischen Brennstoffen
CN109084324B (zh) * 2018-07-19 2019-09-27 北京德普新源科技发展有限公司 生物质锅炉的燃烧风量控制系统及控制方法
DE102018126467A1 (de) * 2018-10-24 2020-04-30 Hochschule Karlsruhe-Technik Und Wirtschaft Verfahren und Messsystem zur Erfassung eines Teergehalts in Gasen

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE460737B (sv) * 1986-05-12 1989-11-13 Konstantin Mavroudis Panna foer fasta braenslen, foersedd med anordningar foer tillfoersel av sekundaerluft
CH673699A5 (en) * 1986-09-12 1990-03-30 Tiba Kochherd & App Ag Combustion air regulation system for solid fuel boiler - with separate regulation of total quantity of air and primary secondary air ratio
EP0409790A1 (fr) * 1989-07-19 1991-01-23 Willi Hager Installation de combustion
DE4316182A1 (de) * 1993-05-14 1994-11-17 Haiko Kuenzel Verfahren zum Steuern und/oder Regeln einer mit einem Feststoffkessel ausgerüsteten Heizungsanlage sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
EP0997965A1 (fr) 1998-10-30 2000-05-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Circuit diviseur de puissance Wilkinson et sa méthode de conception
AT412903B (de) 2000-10-02 2005-08-25 Herz Feuerungstechnik Ges M B Verfahren zur steuerung bzw. regelung von feuerungsanlagen sowie danach regelbare feuerungsanlage
DE102006046599B4 (de) * 2006-09-30 2012-02-09 Hochschule Karlsruhe-Technik Und Wirtschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur diskontinuierlichen Verbrennung von Brennstoffen
DE202007003359U1 (de) * 2007-03-05 2007-08-09 Gerco Apparatebau Gmbh & Co Kg Heizeinrichtung mit Abbrandsteuerung

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Publication number Publication date
EP2246624A2 (fr) 2010-11-03
DE102009019118A1 (de) 2010-11-04
EP2246624A3 (fr) 2012-04-25

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