EP2246492A2 - Coating of fixing elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The compound applies coating masses having a pressure-resistant, heat-insulated and continuous matrix and/or a hollow area portion on partial surfaces of fastening elements after hardening such that the masses form a coating. The fastening elements directly connect an inside base with a component lying in an installation condition by connecting elements. The fastening elements are made of metal or metal alloys, where the coating masses are formed as two-component system and as hollow spaces forming foam. The thickness of the coating after hardening amounts to 0.1-100 mm. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a method for coating fastening elements (2) a method for preventing cold bridges.

Description

The invention relates to the use of curable organic, inorganic or inorganic-organic compounds for heat-insulating cover of fasteners in the construction sector, corresponding methods and fasteners.

There are a number of mounting systems for components known which an internal base (for example, a wall or wall or a post or carrier or the like) directly or by means of one or more fasteners with a pre-installed component, such as curtain wall facades or Cladding facade elements, facade cladding, roofs or walls of light, conservatories or the like. A problem with this is that, via the fastening elements (for example so-called brackets or the like), which may be formed in one or more parts, cold bridges can be formed by the suspended components or spaces between them and the base lying behind them. As a result, effective thermal insulation in the construction sector can be adversely affected.

To address this problem, a number of measures have been proposed.

This is how the German Utility Model Proposal beats DE 20 2007 003 903 U1 at least one of the components is made of plastic with appropriate anchoring systems for facades in the form of consoles. The disadvantage here may be that not all plastics have suitable strengths and durability.

The DE 202 80 012 U1 On the other hand, suggests the use of rubber seals and / or non-conductive, plastic connecting webs as the heat conduction reducing parts for bridging. Also, applying soft materials such as sponge rubber, chloroprene, cork or the like to other elements for insulation is discussed. Here, however, for example, the retaining bolts used remain as heat-conducting bridges, and again, the materials used (rubber, plastics) for durability and durability requirements may be insufficient.

The EP 0 791 698 provides for the interposition of butyl tape insulators with a heat radiation reflective coating. Here, therefore, the design of the attachment must be strongly adapted to the usability of the insulating.

In the DE 195 25 955 are called preformed plastic sheaths for fasteners - disadvantageous here is that they must be adapted exactly to the fasteners.

The DE 199 47 912 describes fasteners and pressure elements which comprise a thermally insulating material. Either these elements are formed entirely of a heat-insulating material (eg glass fiber reinforced), or they contain separate insulating blocks, the isolate two interlocking holding parts from each other and are loadable on train.

In the DE 40 40 432 a heat-insulating coating is described, which for the coating of directly (without fastener) in contact with each other components (such as building walls and inserted therein balcony slabs, between which the coating comes to rest).

The DE 10 2007 027 653 describes a material for making fire-resistant boards or heat-resistant coatings that can be applied to substrates, pipes, ducts or ventilation ducts. In detail, only the use as a solid material, not as a coating, is exemplified, and the description raises doubts that a fire-resistant coating is possible because of the use of non-fireproof paste.

Against this background, the object of the invention was to provide new methods and methods available to reduce or prevent the effect of fasteners in the construction sector as cold bridges (actually: heat conductors).

The invention now proposes, in a first embodiment, the use of curable organic, inorganic or inorganic-organic compounds for heat-insulating coating of fasteners in the construction sector, characterized in that after curing pressure-resistant and heat-insulating as well as a continuous matrix and a void fraction having coating compositions at least Part surfaces of such fasteners are applied so that they form a coating there, by the effect of the fasteners as cold bridges reduced (up to practically prevented) is.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a method for coating, in particular prior to installation precoating, a fastener is provided, including the use of curable organic, inorganic or inorganic-organic compositions for heat-insulating cover fasteners in the construction sector according to the preceding paragraph or claims 2 to 19.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for preventing cold spots, including the incorporation of a coated fastener obtainable according to the penultimate paragraph or a method using any one of claims 2 to 19, wherein the fastener is applied such that the coating (in total or Parts thereof) comes into contact with such other components, which could otherwise form thermal bridges together with the fastener in direct contact.

A possible preferred embodiment of the invention includes or relates to the corresponding method according to the last paragraph, in which the prevention of cold bridges, the use of a single or multi-component coating composition according to the invention which is pressure-resistant and heat-insulating after curing and a continuous Matrix and has a void content, also called "chemical dowel" for fixing anchoring elements in holes, such as boreholes, in substrates, eg masonry, concrete or wood includes. In this case, the corresponding coating agent at the same time as or before the introduction of the anchoring element in the hole (eg borehole) introduced (for example by means of cartridges or Mehrkammerampullen or -folien). The corresponding use is thus an embodiment of the invention.

Finally, the invention also relates to a fastening element obtainable by coating according to the use or the method according to one of claims 1 to 19 or 20.

It has been found that the use of appropriate pressure-resistant and heat-insulating coating compositions can offer effective protection against cold bridges and at the same time has many advantages, for example the possibility for all types of fasteners without the need preformed and thus necessarily adapted in shape and size to be used insulating elements to create a suitable insulation coating.

In a preferred embodiment, the coating can even be carried out at the place of use, which further increases the flexibility. On the other hand, coated fasteners can be made according to the invention and offered and used in prefabricated form, which allows a particularly precise coating.

The more general terms used hereinbefore and hereinafter may be replaced individually, in two or more or all independently by the variants given in the following definitions, resulting in preferred embodiments of the invention.

Hardenable organic, inorganic or inorganic-organic masses for thermal insulation are to be understood as meaning those compositions which after application to the chemically and / or physically curing coating fasteners, in particular by cooling (for example, in the case after casting thermoplastic thermoplastics), drying (eg evaporation of a solvent) or in particular chemical reaction (as in the case of inorganic materials, chemical conversion, crystallization, interfacial reactions, precipitation or the like or in the case of organic materials (synthetic resins and / or dispersion resins) or some inorganic materials such as silica or salts thereof polycondensation, polymerization or polyaddition, ie formation of polymers of smaller molecules).

As a matrix material which forms the continuous matrix after curing, these compositions contain organic, inorganic or inorganic-organic compounds.

Organic compositions are, for example, meltable and thus, for example, pourable thermoplastics, by evaporation of solvent dryable, coatable plastic solutions or dispersions, such as paints, or in particular synthetic resins such as polyurethane, epoxy, vinyl ester, Vinylesterurethan-, unsaturated polyester resins, other olefin (eg methacrylate or acrylate , Styrene, vinyl toluene or the like), siloxane (such as alkoxysilane), or other reactive resins whose low molecular weight components (which should not preclude prepolymers or oligomeric constituents) with polyisocyanate or without the addition of catalysts cure (eg polycondensation, polyaddieren or polymerize otherwise (eg, radically)) or suitable mixtures of two or more thereof. Reactive dispersions are also possible, for example those as in E WO 2007/054148 which is incorporated herein by reference, particularly in this regard. As inorganic masses are, for example hydraulically (eg cement, such as Portland cement, gypsum, hydraulic lime, pozzolans, filter ash or the like - here means "hydraulic" with or under water curing, with "air binder", such as magnesia binder, whitewash, anhydrite , Soralzement or the like are possible), latent hydraulic (setting only after the action of exciters, for example, blast furnace slag) or by polycondensation (such as silica or water glass) curing (setting) substances or mixtures suitable (preferably after addition of water to dry matter or in the case of Water glass, for example by acid addition) cure. Also inorganic thermosetting materials, such as calcium hydrosilicates, such as in DE 10 2007 027 653 mentioned type, which is hereby incorporated by reference, are possible as a starting material for the formation of the continuous matrix.

Mixed inorganic-organic compounds may include both inorganic and organic curable components, for example, as we just mentioned above.

"Continuous matrix" means that the corresponding cured materials have a matrix in which all components are continuously connected and in contact by covalent, van der Waals, ionic or other bonding, similar to a solvent in which other "discontinuous" materials are dissolved or dispersed.

Thus, for example, this matrix need not be continuous in the sense that there is a "one-molecular" matrix. Also, the contact of the components does not have to be in all directions in all directions - for example, it may be internal surfaces (for example, cavities, Particles or other discontinuous components) in which only the portion of the component which does not show the surface is in contact with other constituents of the matrix.

The proportion of the matrix (including further customary additives present therein) in% by weight of the coating composition, when applied, is preferably in the range from 10 to 99.5%, preferably from 50 to 98% by weight.

In the construction sector, these are primarily fasteners used in the construction of buildings, facades, walls, basins, dams or the like.

"Pressure-resistant" means preferably that the compressive strength of the coating compositions after curing is at least 1 MPa, preferably at least 10 MPa, in particular> 20 MPa, such as 40 or 50 MPa. The compressive strength is measured according to DIN 1048 Part 5 on cubes of edge length 15 mm.

"Heat-insulating" means primarily that the thermal conductivity is 0.3 W / moK or less, preferably 0.2 W / mK or less, more preferably 0.15 or less, e.g. 0.09 W / mK.

"Having void content" means that embedded within the matrix are voids formed by foaming (especially during the coating and initial curing process) and / or by additions in the form of voids forming materials.

Foaming, for example, by release of gases be effected. For example, the coating composition may be expelled from a pressurized container in which it is expelled in the presence of a suitable propellant, such as a gaseous hydrocarbon at room temperature, the froth gas providing foaming, or carbon dioxide may be inorganic carbonates or bicarbonates, such as calcium carbonate or alkali carbonates , in the presence of acids (for example, organic carboxylic acids whose acid effect occurs only when wetted with an aqueous solvent or after being released from a microencapsulation) or in the presence of water from isocyanates, for example, to form polyurethanes, polyureas, polythiourethanes or polythioureas of the continuous matrix be used), and thus provide foaming of the corresponding coating composition.

Cavities forming materials are, for example, expanded polystyrene particles, hollow ceramic microspheres (for example, aluminum silicate-based), hollow microspheres, hollow glass beads, expanded perlite, expanded glass, expanded mica, expanded slate, expanded clay, sintered hard coal fly ash, pumice, fibers (for example rock wool) with cavities or the like. Even with open-pore materials cavities can be preserved, in particular if the material for the continuous matrix can only poorly wet the pore-enclosing materials, for example because of low affinity or too high viscosity of the matrix material.

Corresponding materials can be found in the patent application WO 2007/0541148 , which is hereby incorporated by reference in particular with regard to the materials used. Glass, plastic or ceramic, in particular glass or ceramic, hollow microspheres are particularly preferred, for example as in the DE 10 2005 010 307 described in particular herein by reference. The size of the hollow microspheres may be, for example, from 0.002 to 5 mm, for example from 0.01 mm to 3 mm.

Preferably, the void fraction (proportion of the voids in the total volume) in the hardened mass is from 0.2 to 95% by volume, for example from 10 to 70% by volume.

The amount of voids forming material may be between 0.2 to 50, e.g. 0.5 to 30, for example 1 to 10%,% by weight.

The fact that the coating compositions are applied to at least portions of such fasteners so that they form a coating there, means that not the entire fastener must be surrounded by such coatings - it may also be sufficient that only contact areas are coated with other parts, between them a heat transfer should be reduced or prevented.

In the embodiments according to the invention, the coating composition can be bonded in a material-locking manner (eg via molecular and atomic interactions at the binding areas), positively (for example by enclosing protrusions, round parts, threads, catch elements or the like) and / or non-positively (for example by expansion into cavities or shrinkage during curing, each with the formation of stresses) to be connected to the fastener or be. It is advantageous if it is connected substantially cohesively.

"Substantially cohesive" means that the coating primarily or preferably only direct atomic and molecular interactions between the coating material and the surface of the coated fastener for the connection of the coating and the surface provide. However, in addition to the material bond, positive locking (for example when covering protrusions or threads) or, more rarely, traction (for example when coatings shrink during curing) may also play a role.

After application, the coating compositions cure by themselves, or heat treatment (annealing) may be applied to matrix materials which promote cure, for example at temperatures up to 250 ° C, e.g. from 70 to 200 ° C.

The fact that the effect of the fastening elements is reduced (as far as practically prevented) as cold bridges means in the first place that the thermal conductivity is reduced via the fastening element in the connection region compared to that without coating, for example at least halved, preferably by a factor of four or more.

Under fasteners all elements are understood that can connect two other components in construction, such as screws, threaded rods, brackets or their components, such as console head, web plate and web plate holder, pressure-absorbing elements, such as printing plates, pressure bars, support plates, zugaufnehmende elements, perforated plates, anchor channels . Sleeve disks or the like, cf. DE 20 2007 003 903 U1 , which is hereby incorporated by reference for the parts.

Also, anchoring elements, such as bolts, screws or plug-in anchors, so may be meant.

In general (and within the scope of the invention preferably), the fastening elements consist of a good heat-conducting material, which would thus form an undesirable cold bridge between regions of different temperatures without coating, in particular of metal, such as iron (eg cast iron) or the like, or metal alloys, such as steel, brass, aluminum alloys or the like.

In addition, in a coating composition as or for the inventive embodiments, further conventional additives (ingredients and additives) may be included, such as (preferably pressure-resistant, for example, if the compressive strength of the matrix otherwise not sufficient overall) fillers inorganic (eg mineral, such as limestone, corundum or quartz sand ) and / or organic (eg polymer-based) type (eg in a proportion of 0 to 75 wt .-%, eg 0 to 50 wt .-%), wetting agents, defoamers (in particular, if no foaming is intended by foaming), foam stabilizers ( in particular, if at least foaming is also intended for cavitation), preservatives, thixotropic agents, thickeners, plasticizers, solvents (less preferred) reactive diluents, retarders, accelerators, voidless fibers, pigments, dyes, light or UV stabilizers, modifiers, stabilizers, sealants , Fragrances, catalyst oren (eg encapsulated in one-component systems or as second independent Component in multicomponent systems, such as initiators for radical polyadditions or catalysts for polycondensations), or the like, or mixtures of two or more thereof, unless stated otherwise, for example, with weight fractions of 0 to 50 wt .-%, in particular up to 10 wt. %.

Data in% by weight always relate, unless stated otherwise, to the total weight of the finished coating composition before curing.

The data for cavities in volume percent (Vol .-%), however, refer to the finished cured coating.

Finally, the invention also relates to a fastening element obtainable by coating according to the use or the method according to one of claims 1 to 19 or 20.

In a preferred embodiment, the coating can even be carried out at the place of use, which further increases the flexibility. On the other hand, coated fasteners can be made according to the invention and offered and used in prefabricated form, which allows a particularly precise coating.

The invention also relates to the use of curable organic, inorganic or inorganic-organic compositions for heat-insulating coating of fasteners in the construction sector, characterized in that after curing pressure-resistant and heat-insulating and a continuous matrix and / or a void fraction having coating compositions at least on partial surfaces of such Fastening elements are applied such that they form there a coating by which an effect of the fasteners is reduced as cold spots, the coating in a hole, eg hole, by the introduced there coating compound, which is also used as a chemical anchor, by introducing a fastener, such as an anchor rod or a Bolzens, is made.

In a possible preferred embodiment, the coating composition can be used as a multi-component system, in particular a two-component system. Then two (or more) components, such as curable organic, inorganic or inorganic organic compound on the one hand and hardener (eg catalyst, initiator or water) on the other hand, with or without further additives, in spatially separate containers, for example in the form of a kit, eg of multi-chamber cartridges (preferably with static mixer for mixing the components by expressing directly in the application) housed and mixed for use directly before or during coating, for example by mixing or hand mixing with tools such as stirrers or the like.

Alternatively, the coating compositions according to the invention can also be used as one-component systems, for example with encapsulated catalysts or if they cure only on heating or if they are cured by contact with air (eg also with atmospheric moisture) or by electromagnetic radiation (eg light or UV radiation) or dissolving or dispersing agent-containing masses (eg water-based), which harden by evaporation of the solvent or dispersing agent. Also, two or more of these variants can be realized in a one-component system.

As already mentioned, it is advantageous for the coating composition to be in the form of foam forming the cavities. This allows e.g. a filling in within forms.

More preferred is a use in which the coating composition includes the cavities forming open and / or closed pore structure materials, especially hollow spheres, e.g. then the volume and the thickness of the coating material are particularly well defined.

Particularly preferred is the use according to the invention, in which the cavities after curing of the coating composition with a gas such as carbon dioxide or a propellant gas, or a gas mixture, such as air, are filled, in particular with air or carbon dioxide.

According to the invention, preference is given to applying the coating by brushing (for example by means of brushes, rollers, spatulas, doctor blades or the like), by spraying or spraying (for example by means of airless sprayers, spray guns, eg via nozzles or hoses) or by casting (for example in molds that at the locations of the fastener to be coated, have cavities, so that can be applied to a fastener in the mold) of the fasteners happens.

A preferred variant according to the invention relates to a preceding or subsequent use according to the invention, wherein the fastening elements are pressure and / or tension and / or bending tension-dissipating elements. A particular variant of the use according to the invention relates to the fact that anchor elements for boreholes are coated, in particular precoated, with the coating composition.

Particular preference is given to uses according to the invention, methods and fastening elements whose coating has a void content after curing of the coating composition at 0.2 to 95% by volume, for example at 10 to 70% by volume, in particular from 10 to less than 30 or more than 30 to 50% by volume, for example from 20 to 28 or from 32 to 45% by volume.

The thickness of the coating after curing is particularly preferably 0.1 to 100 mm, in particular 0.5 to 3 mm, 3 to 5 mm or 5 to 10 mm.

Particular preference is given to a use according to the invention, characterized in that the fastening elements which are at least partially coated or coated according to the invention are fastening elements for curtain walling, facade cladding, rooflights, winter gardens, soundproof walls, trade fair buildings, carports or the like, in particular for facades or facade cladding wherein the fasteners in the installed state directly or via one or more other fasteners with a supporting part, such as a wall or a post or post profile, and a held component, such as a console part (preferably also at least in contact with other (before all heat-conductive) parts and / or the base passing surfaces is coated according to the invention or is), a facade part or a holding profile are connected.

The method according to the invention for coating, in particular prior to installation, precoating of a fastening element preferably includes the use of curable organic, inorganic or inorganic-organic compounds for heat-insulating cover of fastening elements in the construction sector as mentioned above and below.

A preferred subject of the invention is also a method for preventing cold spots, including the incorporation of a coated fastener obtainable in the above and below described uses and methods, wherein the fastener is applied such that the coating comes into contact with such other components as would otherwise occur direct contact cold bridges could form, for example, interior walls and facade elements or the like.

Finally, the invention also relates to a fastening element, in particular made of metal or a metal alloy, obtainable by coating its material according to the use or the method as described above and below, wherein the fastening element is in particular a pressure and / or tension ( including flexure) dissipative element.

A particularly preferred variant of the invention also relates to a fastening element, as mentioned above and below, which is an anchoring element to be driven into a borehole. This may, insofar as it has a thread or undercut elements for fastening in the borehole, in particular in the areas which are introduced into the borehole, be coated according to the invention. Alternatively, the thermal insulation in the threaded or undercut area, for example, alone or additionally by insulating "chemical dowel masses" introduced into the boreholes or by plastic dowels. In a further alternative or complementary to the above two embodiments, the coating according to the invention can be provided only in areas which lie outside a hole, for example a borehole, in which a fastening element is fastened, so that at least otherwise heat-conducting contact areas are coated to adjacent elements ( Contact with next part without heat conduction).

Particular embodiments of the invention are also to be found in the independent and dependent claims, which are incorporated herein by reference.

The following example serves to illustrate the invention without limiting its scope.

Example: Coated console anchor

A console anchor for mounting an external facade is coated on the bearing surfaces to the inner base with a composition according to the invention in a thickness of 3-5 mm. Details can be found in the following table: component Manufacturer m [g] m [%] d [g / ml] V [ml] V [%] Beckopox EP 116 Cytec Surface Specialties ¹ 10 69.9 1.16 8.62 37.65 Beckopox EH 663 Cytec Surface Specialties ¹ 2.8 19.6 1.00 2.80 12.23 Scotchlite Glass Bubbles K1 3M ² 1.43 10.0 0.13 11.44 49.97 HDK H18 Wacker Chemie ³ 0,075 0.5 2.20 0.03 0.15 14.305 100.0 22.89 100 Cube strength 40 MPa Curing at 80 ° C, 30 min, cube (15 mm x 15mmx15mm), according to printing surface (225 mm ² ), following DIN 1048 Part 5 flow behavior 18 mm based on ISO 7390: 2002 (Boeing flow test) m = mass
d = density
V = volume
) ¹ Cytech Industries Inc., West Paterson, New Jersey, USA
) ² 3M, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
) ³ Wacker Chemie AG, Munich, Germany

The coating serves as thermal insulation. The console anchor shows a significantly reduced thermal conductivity (reduced effect as cold bridge) between console anchor and inner base.

Claims (25)

Use of curable organic, inorganic or inorganic-organic compounds for heat-insulating coating of fasteners in the construction sector, characterized in that after curing pressure-resistant and heat-insulating as well as a continuous matrix and / or a void fraction having coating compositions are applied at least on partial surfaces of such fasteners such that they form a coating there by which an effect of the fasteners is reduced as cold bridges. Use according to claim 1, wherein the fastening elements are those which connect an internal base directly or by means of or via one or more connecting elements to a component located in front of it in the installed state. Use according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the fastening elements consist of metal or metal alloys. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the compressive strength of the coating compositions after curing is 1 MPa or higher. Use according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thermal conductivity of the coating compositions in the cured state is 0.3 W / mK or less. Use according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the coating composition as single or multiple, in particular Two-component system is used. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the coating composition is formed as a foam forming the cavities. Use according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the coating composition as the voids forming materials includes those with open and / or closed pore structure, in particular hollow spheres. Use according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the cavities are filled after curing of the coating composition with a gas or gas mixture, in particular with air or carbon dioxide. Use according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the application is done by brushing, spraying, spraying or casting of the fasteners. Use according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the fastening elements are pressure and / or tension and / or bending tension-dissipating elements. Use according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein anchor elements for boreholes are coated, in particular precoated, with the coating composition. Use according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the void fraction after curing of the coating composition is 0.2-95 percent by volume. Use according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the material used is acrylate-based matrix materials which additionally contain ceramic materials and / or siliceous materials as inorganic constituent, or combinations thereof. Use according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that aqueous dispersions are used as the matrix material, which additionally contain inorganic materials as ceramic materials and / or silicate materials, or combinations thereof. Use according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the thickness of the coating after curing at 0.1 to 100 mm. Use according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that in addition a heat radiation-reflecting coating is applied to the coating composition. Use according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the coating is made in a hole through the introduced there coating compound, which is also used as a chemical dowel, by or under the introduction of a fastener in the hole. Use according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the fastening elements are fastening elements for curtain walling, facade cladding, rooflights, winter gardens, Sound protection walls, exhibition buildings or carports is, the fasteners are connected in the installed state directly or via one or more other connecting elements with a supporting part and a held component. Process for coating, in particular pre-coating before installation, a fastening element, including the use of curable organic, inorganic or inorganic-organic compositions for heat-insulating cover of fasteners in the construction sector according to one of claims 1 to 19. A method of preventing cold spots, including the incorporation of a coated fastener obtainable according to any one of claims 1 to 19 or 20, wherein the fastener is applied such that the coating contacts such other components which would otherwise be in direct contact with the fastener cold bridges could form. Fastening element obtainable by coating according to the use or the method according to one of claims 1 to 19 or 20. Fastening element according to claim 22, which consists of metal or a metal alloy. Fastening element according to one of claims 22 or 23, in which it is a train and / or pressure and / or Biegezugs dissipating element. Fastening element according to one of claims 22 to 24, which is to be driven into a wellbore Anchor element acts.