DE102018115893A1 - Flame and / or fire retardants and their preparation and use, for paints and products based thereon and their precursors and intermediates - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of expandable graphite to reduce the flammability and / or flammability, in particular use as a flame retardant and / or fire retardant of paints (paints) and of various materials or materials for paints (paints) and products based thereon and their precursors and intermediates including composites and / or composites therewith, eg with wood and wood products, textiles and textile products, paper and paper products, cardboard, fibers and fabrics, or based on or in combination with polymer-based materials, e.g. Polyolefin-based materials, and / or products and / or precursors, the preparation of the agent and methods or processes using the agent and / or the corresponding combination of its individual components to reduce the flammability and / or flammability.

Description

The invention relates to an agent, in particular a flame retardant and / or fire retardant, for reducing the flammability and / or flammability of various materials or materials for paints and products based thereon and their precursors and intermediates, including composites and / or composites with it, eg with wood and wood products, textiles and textile products, paper and paper products, cardboard, fibers and fabrics, or based on or in combination with polymer-based materials, e.g. Polyolefin-based materials, and / or products and / or precursors, the preparation of the agent and methods or processes using the agent and / or the corresponding combination of its individual components to reduce the flammability and / or flammability.

Fire and its discovery is one of the most important events in human history, with a tremendous impact on human development. However, in addition to its vital function for humans, fire also has a disadvantage, namely its property of burning objects, which causes numerous material and financial losses in our society every year.

Easily flammable materials and materials are dangerous because they are prone to catch fire and ignite fires. Therefore, it is important to find an effective way to provide such flammable materials with flame and / or fire protection which makes such materials and substances less dangerous.

The invention relates to a means for reducing the flammability and / or flammability of materials, in particular flame retardants and / or fire retardants.

Flame retardants are known mixtures of organic and / or inorganic substances, which are intended to ignite or even an ignition of wood or wood-like materials, plastics, textiles, paper, cardboard, cardboard, synthetic and natural fibers and fabrics, colors or to prevent products thereof, building materials, insulating materials, electrical and / or cable insulation, etc. or at least inhibit. In addition, they should complicate, in particular, combustion of these substances.

In the prior art, although numerous substances or groups of substances are known as such, which have a flame retardant effect. The fact that, as a rule, however, efforts were made to use material mixtures instead of individual substances or substances for these purposes already shows that the properties and effects of these substances or substances taken as such are not yet optimal for the chosen purpose have been considered. The concrete confection under adaptation to all boundary conditions of the individual case, in particular taking into account any undesirable side effects, also takes place from the point of view of environmental compatibility. Another criterion is the complexity of the respective manufacturing process.

Flame retardancy and / or fire retardancy is in the range of paints and products based thereon as well as their precursors and intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith, e.g. in particular with wood and / or cellulose and / or polymer based materials, e.g. Polyolefin-based materials, and / or products and / or precursors in the art still not in practice, at least unsatisfactory solved.

Especially for products made of fibrous wood and / or cellulose materials, eg by foaming, felting, compacting and / or pressing / pressing, or based on or in combination with polymer-based materials, eg polyolefin-based materials, and / or products and / or precursors are manufactured, the flame retardant and / or fire protection is still unsatisfactory, as unfortunately also wood and / or cellulose materials, which after treatment with inorganic flame retardant and / or fire protection in the flame retardant and / or fire test as such are not flammable and show no afterglow, after further processing with other materials such as glues or adhesives to foamed, matted, compressed or pressed / pressed products despite improved flame retardant or fire protection behavior afterglow unexpectedly, in the worst case even up towards the decomposition of said wood and / or cellulose products. This unexpected afterglow has been observed even with the use of novel optimized inorganic flame retardants and / or fire retardants, as disclosed in the German patent application DE 10 2015 119 558.5 of 12.11.2015, and the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference as part of the present patent application as fully incorporated. In addition, the fire protection and / or flame retardant of binder and / or glues-containing and polymer-based materials, such as polyolefin-based materials, and / or products and / or precursors on the one hand for the insulation and on the other hand for floor coverings and wall coverings, both indoor and outdoor, despite various proposals in the prior art in practice still not satisfactorily solved. Here is the German patent application DE 10 2017 100 313.4 from 09.01.2017 a solution using expanded graphite, for products made of fibrous wood and / or cellulose materials or based on or in combination with polymer-based materials, such as polyolefin-based materials, and / or products and / or or precursors are manufactured. For decorative or protective reasons, the products mentioned are often provided with paints (paints). There is therefore a need to improve the flame retardancy and / or fire protection even with these paints (paints).

It is against this background the object of the invention to provide an agent of the type described above, which further improves the flame retardancy and / or fire protection even in paints (paints) and / or simplified, and which neither the colors (paints) and products and their precursors and intermediates themselves ("painted") materials treated therewith and / or composite materials and / or composites therewith or the material (product) to be decorated and / or protected by the paint (paint), product and / or or pre-product does not harm and in particular does not release toxic gases. In addition, the preparation of the means for flame retardancy and / or fire protection in paints (paints) and their use, especially in the case of binders and / or glues-containing and also of polymer-based materials, e.g. Of polyolefin-based materials, and / or products and / or precursors on the one hand for the insulation and on the other hand for floor coverings and wall coverings, both indoor and outdoor, be easy and economical very low. This object is achieved with such a use and such a means with the features as stated in the claims.

The object is achieved by the expandable graphite, and optionally borax-containing paints and coatings based thereon, as well as their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith, the uses specified in the claims, specified materials, specified materials and / or products and / or precursors, and methods of preparation.

The object is also achieved by a paint containing expandable graphite and borax, and / or products based thereon, and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith, and / or materials treated therewith and / or products and / or precursors; preferably comprising, in each case based on the entire expandable graphite-containing material and / or product as 100 wt .-%, not more than 45 wt .-% expandable graphite and borax up to 15 wt .-%.

The paint (paint) of the invention containing expandable graphite and borax and / or products based thereon and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith, and / or materials and / or products treated therewith and / and or precursors; preferably comprising, based on the total expandable graphite-containing material and / or product as 100 wt .-%, an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in an amount of less than 5 wt .-%; more preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt .-%.

In particular, such products and / or their precursors and / or intermediates are based on including composite materials and / or composite materials therewith, and / or materials and / or products and / or precursors treated therewith, for example on a paint (paint) containing expandable graphite and borax, in each case based on the entire expandable graphite-containing material and / or Product as 100% by weight, not more than 45% by weight expandable graphite and borax up to 15% by weight; or, for example, on a paint containing graphite and borax, comprising, based on the total expandable graphite-containing material and / or product as 100 wt .-%, 0.1 to 45 wt .-% expandable graphite and borax 0.1 up to 15% by weight; For example, on a paint (paint) containing expandable graphite and borax, comprising, based on the total expandable graphite-containing material and / or product as 100 wt .-%, 0.1 to 25 wt .-% expandable graphite and borax 1 to 10 wt .-%. In one embodiment, preferably, based on the total expandable graphite-containing material and / or product as 100 wt .-%, and an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in an amount of less than 5 wt .-%; more preferably in an amount of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, in addition to expanded graphite and borax.

Thus, the invention relates in particular to a paint containing bar graphite and optionally borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, and / or products based thereon and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composite materials and / or or composites therewith, and / or materials and / or products and / or precursors treated therewith.

Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, to reduce the flammability and / or flammability, in particular use as a flame retardant and / or fire retardant, for paints (paints) and products based thereon and their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites thereof, in particular with materials and / or products and / or precursors consisting of wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers and / or wood powders and / or cellulose powders and / or wood granules and / or cellulose granules and / or polymer-based materials, eg Polyolefin-based materials, or comprise, in particular for binders and / or glues and / or polymer-based substances, e.g. Polyolefin-based materials containing materials and / or products and / or precursors, preferably for insulation (wall, floor, ceiling) and / or for floor coverings and wall coverings, and wherein the amount of expandable graphite in the expandable graphite-containing, and optionally borax up to 60% by weight, based on the material used for paint (paints) and products based thereon, as well as their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites thereof; their precursors and / or intermediates, but preferably not more than 45 wt .-% based on the total expandable graphite-containing material as 100 wt .-%, is.

Accordingly, the invention broadly relates to the use of expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, to reduce flammability and / or flammability, in particular the use as flame retardants and / or fire retardants, in paints (paints) and based thereon products and their precursors and intermediates, treated therewith ("painted") materials including composites and / or composites therewith, in particular eg for materials and / or products and / or precursors composed of wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers and / or of wood powders and / or cellulose powders and / or wood granules and / or cellulose granules and / or polymer-based materials, e.g. Polyolefin-based materials, or comprise, in particular for binders and / or glues and / or polymer-based substances, e.g. Polyolefin-based materials, materials and / or products and / or precursors, preferably for insulation (wall, floor, ceiling) and / or for floor coverings and wall coverings. Such materials and / or products and / or precursors for the insulation can be provided according to the invention equally for indoor and outdoor. Such materials and / or products and / or precursors floor coverings and wall coverings can also be provided according to the invention for indoor and outdoor use. Accordingly, the flame retardant and / or fire retardant and / or protective paints and coatings based thereon as well as their precursors and intermediates are also equally treated with "painted" materials including composites and / or composites intended for indoor and outdoor use. Such materials and / or products and / or precursors floor coverings and wall coverings can also be provided according to the invention for indoor and outdoor use.

As used herein, the term "paint" is synonymous with the term paint. Paints in the context of the present invention are

Paints, also called paints, coating materials or paints, consist of liquid to paste-like and more rarely powdery substances or mixtures that give a physically or chemically drying paint applied to surfaces. According to DIN 55945, a paint is defined as "liquid to paste-like coating material, which is applied primarily by brushing or rolling." All components or the meaning of the terms for components of paints are familiar to those skilled in the art.

In particular, the invention also encompasses "mineral paints" which contain mainly mineral constituents, for example marble flour or chalk. In the technical sense, only paints with mineral binders are considered as mineral paints. The invention further encompasses paints which are commercially referred to as natural, as soon as they consist predominantly of "natural" (i.e., natural) materials.

Paints are optionally distinguished according to their function and use, for example as wall paint or primer coat, which are equally relevant in the context of the present invention. Thus, "wall paints" are intended for painting on large areas, which are usually Disperse colors, but also lime paints, silicate paint or glue colors represent. These wall paints are classified according to their weather resistance again in exterior color and interior color.

The term "primer coat" is intended to divide the workflow in the area of the wall colors, i. they serve as one or more primers that are applied to a material before one or more paints are made with a wall paint. The prime coats include, for example, top coats or even coating or liquid plaster.

The inks or paints according to the invention also include so-called "primers". The primer (often called a primer) serves to protect an object by a first layer and at the same time to improve the adhesion conditions for one or more protective and decorative layers still to be applied. Materials on which paints hold poorly, are pretreated with primer. Applications can be found in a variety of areas of craft or industrial material and paint application. Usually, wood products receive at least one primer coat. Also in metal construction, the primer is common. Most metalworking processes therefore include a primer before final paint application. After all, the primer also plays a not insignificant role in buildings. For example, the primer for painting and wallpapering on walls and ceilings of the underground (also Tiefengrund), usually based on alkyd or acrylic resin. In wallpapering, wastepaper traditionally refers to a wallpaper made from recycled paper and paste, which should reduce the absorbency of the substrate and compensate for unevenness in the wall. When plastering as a substrate for plaster base, primers are used. In the plasterer area, the primer strengthens strongly absorbent plaster and prevents water spots. The technical term for this is (Tiefgrund).

A paint is basically composed of: binder, colorant (pigment or soluble dye), filler, solvent, and any additives such as thickeners, dispersants and preservatives. Paints containing pigments are referred to as paint or paint. All of the abovementioned components or the meaning of the terms for these components are familiar to the person skilled in the art.

Paints are classified according to their film-forming binders. These in turn can be subdivided primarily into organic and inorganic binders and yield the product classes: lacquer, glaze and oil paints; Emulsion paints; whitewash; Silicate paints; Brush or liquid plasters. The organic binders include, for example: (1) Curing oils (inaccurately also "drying" oils) and resins crosslink oxidatively and are used e.g. used in industrial colorants and paints; (2) Acrylic, polyester and epoxy resins provide the typical basis for varnishes or varnishes; (3) Plastic dispersions of acrylate polymers or vinyl acetate copolymers are part of the commercial emulsion paints; (4) Casein is a special binder for Kalkkaseinfarbe; (5) cellulose and other glues (pastes). Inorganic binders include, for example, quick lime, cement, anhydrite, ettringite and potassium silicate glass which are e.g. used in construction. All of the abovementioned components or the meaning of the terms for these components are familiar to the person skilled in the art.

The term "paint" is understood to mean a liquid or powdery coating material which is applied thinly to objects and is built up by chemical or physical processes (for example, evaporation of the solvent) to form a continuous, solid film. Paints generally consist of binders, fillers, pigments, solvents, resins and / or acrylates and additives, such as biocides (pot preservatives). The effect of paints is in particular: protection (protective effect, eg protective coating, protective lacquers); Decoration (optical effect, eg a certain color effect); and function (special surface properties, eg altered electrical conductivity).

In the context of the invention, the paints (paints) are preferably conventional emulsion paints, mineral paints such as e.g. Lime paint or preferably silicate paint, or glue paints, coating or liquid plasters. In the context of the invention, emulsion paints, mineral paints, e.g. Lime paint or preferably silicate paint, or coating or liquid plasters particularly preferred.

"Paints" are understood to be paints that use glue as a binder and water as a solvent. As white pigment and filler limestone flour, lithopone or chalk are used, further colored pigments can be added. Glue paint is therefore sometimes referred to as Leimvergütete lime paint or is called in German-speaking Switzerland, "Blancfixe". Since the glue remains water-soluble even after drying, the paint is sensitive to moisture. For the outdoor area so unsuitable, glue paint in rooms such as kitchen, bathroom or basement, however, is recommended, as the chalk and saturate the glue with water vapor and release it again in due course. Due to their reversibility, the glue paint can only be painted over again with glue paint, but not with other dyes (eg dispersion paint and silicate paint). In the construction and home improvement sector, glue paints are now considered obsolete and emulsion paints, silicone resin paints (also "living room paints") or (organo) silicate paints (mineral paints, water glass paints) are preferred. Glue paints are usually made without synthetic resins and are therefore considered to be particularly environmentally and health friendly and they are usually quite inexpensive. However, made-on-sale, ready-to-use glue paints can contain smaller amounts of synthetic resins, usually polymer resins (dispersion binders) for easier application. These have an effect on the reversibility and also on the flame and / or fire protection properties.

"Dispersion paints" are viscous paints. They consist of a dispersion (usually an emulsion) of fillers, binders and solvents, pigments and additives. In this general sense, most of the liquid paints (paints, paints) are dispersions. In addition, there are similarly structured products, which use mainly vegetable oils instead of synthetic and mineral oil-containing ingredients and are referred to as natural dispersion paints.

The technical term "mineral paints" refers to paints with mineral binders. Whether the coloring substance is a mineral pigment or another colorant, does not matter for the classification as a mineral color. By way of derogation, paints are often referred to as "mineral paints" (for example, commercially) if they consist predominantly of mineral constituents; The binder may also be acrylic resin or another non-mineral binder. In the following, mineral colors are not explained in this sense, but in the sense of the technical term.

In the field of colors, a distinction is made between two relevant mineral binders: lime and silicate. While lime binders carbonate under the action of carbon dioxide and water (formation of carbonate), silicate binders (usually potassium silicate or potassium silicate glass) break down under the action of CO ₂ and form calcium silicate hydrates in contact with mineral reactants. Pure silicate paints are very durable and weather resistant.

Lime: Calcium carbonate (technical language), calcium carbonate or in German Trivialbezeichnung carbonate of lime, is a chemical compound of the elements calcium, carbon and oxygen with the chemical formula CaCO ₃ . As a calcium salt of carbonic acid, it belongs to the group of carbonates. It is a colorless, crystalline solid whose crystal structure consists of the ions Ca ²⁺ and CO ₃ ^2- in the ratio 1: 1.

Silicates (also silicates) are the salts and esters of ortho-silicic acid (Si (OH) 4) and their condensates. The esters are described under silicic acid esters, for the condensates see silicic acids. All salts are compounds formed by SiO4 tetrahedra, but their tetrahedra can be linked together in various ways. Unconnected sites of the tetrahedra contribute to the charge balance metal cations or may be present as hydroxide ions (OH-). With the exception of alkali metal silicates, silicates are insoluble in water or other solvents. Classification of silicates is based on the degree of polymerization of the SiO ₄ tetrahedra: isolated silicates (nesosilicates), group silicates (sorosilicates), cyclic silicates (cyclosilicates), chain and tape silicates (inosilicates), phyllosilicates (phyllosilicates), framework silicates (tectosilicates), amorphous silicates. Technical silicates: Many silicates are industrially manufactured. Here are the most prominent place to mention the glasses and glass ceramics, but also zirconium silicates as color pigments. These are usually made of quartz sand (SiO2) and metal oxides in a glass melting furnace. Water-soluble glasses, so-called water glasses, are made of quartz sand and metal carbonates (with soda Na2CO3) in a glass melting furnace. They are used as adhesives, fillers in the paper industry, for the sealing of damp masonry, addition in vapor-permeable plaster mixtures. From water glass gels (silica gel), silicic acid, silicates and zeolites are industrially produced by reaction with acids. Talk is versatile. It is used in the paint and glass industry and as a lubricant. As a ground raw material (then called talcum) it is contained in many cosmetics.

In addition to inorganic colorants, mineral paints contain a potassium-containing alkali silicate (water glass), the potassium silicate, also called liquid potassium silicate. A coating of mineral paints does not form a layer like other paints, but connects inextricably with the substrate (silicification). The result is a very consistent bond between paint and paint carrier. In addition, the binding agent water glass is highly resistant to UV influences. While organic binders such as acrylate or silicone resin dispersions become brittle under the influence of UV over the years and lead to chalking phenomena, cracks and, as a consequence, paint damage, the inorganic binder remains Water glass stable. The chemical bond with the substrate and the UV stability of the binder are the main reasons for the extraordinarily long life of silicate paints. For setting, silicate paints require a siliceous base. Therefore, they are suitable for mineral substrates such as mineral plasters and concrete. On wood and metal they are not or only limited usable. The water vapor permeability (diffusion openness) of silicate paints corresponds to that of the ground. Silicate paints practically do not hinder the diffusion of water vapor. Moisture contained in the structure or plaster can freely diffuse outwards again. This keeps the walls dry and avoids building damage. In addition, condensate moisture on the building material surface is thus avoided. Silicate paints are enormously color stable. After they are only tinted with mineral pigments and these do not change in color due to UV light, the silicate coatings also remain constant in color for decades. Silicate paints are based on mineral raw materials and are very environmentally friendly in terms of production and effect. Their long life saves resources and the pollution-free composition protects the environment and health, so that they are mainly used in the field of sustainable construction.

Basically, today three types of silicate paints are distinguished: (1) The pure silicate paint consists of two components, a dry or colorless powder mixed in water and the liquid binder water glass. (DIN 18363 Painting and varnishing - Coatings 2.4.1). (2) By adding up to 5% by mass of organic additives (eg acrylate dispersion, water repellents, thickeners or the like) to the one-component silicate paint, the paint can be offered ready for use in the bucket. This is referred to as "dispersion silicate paints" (DIN 18363 painting and varnishing - coatings 2.4.1). The scope of application of this type of silicate paint (2) is significantly greater than that of the pure silicate paint (1), because even substrates with lower strengths and / or organic proportions can be coated. In addition, the processing is easier than with the pure silicate paint. For about 15 years, there is a third category of silicate paint, (3) the so-called sol-silicate paint. It contains as a binder a combination of silica sol and water glass. The organic content is limited to 5% by mass, as in the case of the dispersion silicate paint, in order to obtain a chemical setting and the silicate-typical starches. The sol-silicate paint also allows use on non-mineral plasters. Here the bond takes place chemically and physically. These colors are easy and safe to use on almost all common surfaces.

As a "plaster" or "plaster" refers to a coating on exterior and interior walls and ceilings in construction. A building with external plaster is also referred to as plaster construction. Plaster as a building material for plaster systems can consist of different materials. A fundamental distinction in building materials for interior plaster is the alternative between wet plaster and dry plaster: The traditional wet plaster (binder, aggregate and water) is processed in the wet state and increases the moisture for a long time. Dry plaster, which has become increasingly important in recent decades, consists of structural panels that are mounted on stud structures or directly on walls and ceilings to disguise them.

Mineral wet plaster usually contains hydraulic binders, which harden by forming crystals together with water molecules (hydration). These binders are called plaster and brick binder. Under plaster mortar is usually understood as building materials containing such binders (while other applied in thinner layers building materials are called coating materials). Due to its crystalline structure, this mortar is resistant to moisture after solidification, but can absorb depending on the composition and structure by its capillarity a certain amount of water or water vapor. It is mold-resistant due to its alkaline properties (due to the calcium hydroxide contained).

Other plaster and coating materials have organic binders which harden by polymerization. If they contain aggregate as aggregate, they are counted to the plaster mortars. A fast-curing and impermeable building material for plaster is synthetic resin mortar. Silicate plaster hardened by silicification. For example, wet plaster can contain organic additives, in addition to mineral ones. Additives such as sealants, solidification accelerators, colorants, water repellents or air entrainers influence the properties of these building materials. Even decorative coating materials with organic binders containing fibers rather than aggregates (such as cotton plaster) are often referred to as plaster.

Depending on the application, the plaster fulfills as a component different purposes, from the production of a smooth surface for coating, tile, painting or wallpapering to large-scale structural design. Beyond the appearance tasks are the regulation of room humidity in interior plasters, thermal insulation and water repellency in exterior plasters, fire protection and sound insulation. Plasters consist of several coordinated layers, which together form a "plaster system". As building materials plaster and other coating materials are used, often supplemented by reinforcements, building boards and finished elements. "Dry plaster" is when the linings are made in drywall.

Types of plaster: plaster can be used according to the materials used, i. d. R. after the binder (lime plaster, lime cement plaster, cement plaster, gypsum plaster, clay plaster, silicate plaster and organic synthetic resin plaster), according to the place of mortar production (dry mortar, construction site mortar), after the type of mixing (hand plaster, machine plaster), after the surface treatment ( Scratching plaster, rubbing plaster, troweling plaster, trowel coating), according to the function (thermal insulation rendering, acoustic plaster, restoration render, magnetic plaster) or according to the application thickness.

The term "organic" in this context means that the properties of the material in question are predominantly determined by the synthetic resins contained. By contrast, a "mineral plaster" contains only a few and a "purely mineral" plaster does not contain any synthetic resin.

Flush-mounted (basic plaster): On normal absorbent surfaces, the flush-mounted plaster in thicknesses of 1 to 3 cm (in special cases up to 10 cm) can be applied directly to the substrate. The flush is to compensate for bumps. If the layer thickness required for compensation varies by more than 5-10 mm, however, it is usually necessary to fill in the lower areas beforehand, as otherwise the plaster surface can no longer be uniformly removed. As far as they do not appear bundled, however, individual pipes and cables usually can often be embedded in the flush. The flush serves as a carrier for top plasters (plasters). Traditional sub-plasters usually contain various limestones (often with a share of cement) or gypsum as binders. They are used indoors as a substrate for wallpaper or paintings.

Top plaster: Top plaster describes the last plaster layer of a plaster system in exterior and interior areas. It can be designed as a thin-layer plaster (organic bonded plaster, layer thickness = maximum grain thickness) or thick-layer plaster (mainly mineral-bound plaster, layer thickness> largest grain size).

Traditionally, thick-layer plasters are used which are applied in an application thickness of at least twice the diameter of the largest grain of the aggregate. Mostly a largest grain of 2 to 8 mm was used. The typical application thickness is 10 - 15 mm for interior and 15 - 20 mm for exterior plaster. Some coarse surface plasters are processed at a lower thickness to produce a special surface structure if necessary.

Modern thin-film plasters usually contain synthetic resins and other additives which, by delaying dehydration, increasing the binding force and improving the processing properties, enable application thicknesses from about 3 mm. Fillers can be in some cases extended _"to zero". The trade called thin-film plasters also plasters to express that specially selected Gesteinskömungen used and the properties of the plaster are modified by additives. Thin-film plasters are often used to rework existing plaster surfaces and as a decorative topcoat for thermal insulation systems. Often a reinforcement in the form of a glass fiber fabric is incorporated to avoid cracks.

Smoothing, welding and slurrying plasters are applied in a thickness of a few millimeters to standardize the surface of the ground plaster, to smooth or to close pores. If the underlying plaster surface is not yet set or thoroughly wetted, even such thin plaster layers can be made as pure lime plasters without the addition of organic binders.

Materials: Plasters can consist of many materials. Traditionally, they consist of binders, aggregates and water. Quartz sand, gravel, minerals and brick chippings are mineral aggregates. Supplements such as straw, animal hair, fiberglass and flour u. a. are often added to the reinforcement, texture or coloring and lightweight aggregates such as vermiculite, foam glass granules, cork, expanded clay, EPS u. a., To reduce the thermal conductivity. So-called remuneration and additives such. B. Plastics regulate the technical properties.

The distinction between plasters after the material is usually a distinction according to the binder, as this has a decisive influence on the properties and intended use of the plaster. The binders are distinguished as follows: mineral-bound plasters and organically bound plasters. Mineral plasters have inorganic binders, most often lime, cement, gypsum, clay or silicate (waterglass), especially in traditional and / or ecological construction. Often lime and cement are mixed to improve the processing properties. Organically bound plasters have organic binders such as synthetic resins (dispersion), if necessary with proportions of silicone resin, acrylates and others

Synthetic resin plaster: Resin plaster is standardized in DIN 18 558 Part 1 (as P Org 1 and P Org 2). They belong to the most used plasters and are also part of plaster systems (such as ETICS). The abbreviation "Org" for "organic" refers to the added binders. Synthetic plasters are easy to apply as finishing plaster. As a binder, a polymer dispersion is used, as it is also used in paints. The supplements can be mineral or organic. In most cases, the flush is still purely mineral, as it ensures better adhesion with the plaster base (masonry).

Thermal insulation plaster: The thermal insulation plaster is a plaster with a thermal conductivity equal to / less than 0.2 W / (m · K) as calculation value. This value is achieved by blending expanded polystyrene (EPS), vermiculite and perlite in industrial production as aggregates. At the same time, this building material must at least meet the building material class BI (flame retardant). Should the addition of perlites be carried out alone, the thermal insulation rendering meets the highest building material class A 1 (non-combustible) according to DIN 4102. Thermal insulation plasters are used as flush-mounted facades, and form the reason for the plasters (finishing plaster), if the thermal insulation properties of the entire wall structure, alone not achieved by the wall building material (stone material) used (eg fulfillment of the EnEV) or even improved (eg in the low energy house). Due to its low inherent density and strength, thermal insulation rendering has excellent values of vapor permeability (diffusion) and is one of the so-called light renders (density between 0.6 kg / dm ³ and 1.3 kg / dm ³ ) of the mortar group PI or P II However, the top of the plaster must be water-repellent and shock-resistant, this material is unsuitable as a topcoat. This low bulk density can be achieved by mixing instead of the usual sands as an aggregate, mineral and / or organic with open porous Eigengefüge. The properties of the light plasters greatly reduce the later or processing-related cracking, as this material has a very high elasticity and elasticity at static and thermal stresses and is regularly adjusted to the masonry ground specifically. Due to its consistency and adhesiveness, the material can be applied in one operation to a thickness of more than 5 cm, which is done regularly by means of plastering machine and spray nozzle.

Other building materials: Depending on their function, the layers of a render system can consist of different, coordinated building materials, which are not all plaster mortars in the narrower sense. In addition, plaster supports, reinforcements such as wire mesh for Rabitz or glass fiber mats for alkaline plasters, as well as insulation or finished parts made of gypsum, styrofoam etc. for structural plaster and stucco elements to the used building materials.

Synthetic resins: Synthetic resins (also called synthetic resins) are synthetic resins according to ISO 4618: 2014 Paints and varnishes - Terms used in polymerisation, polyaddition or polycondensation reactions. According to the IUPAC conventions, they are soft solids or highly viscous substances which usually contain prepolymers with reactive functional groups. Synthetic resins usually consist of two main components during processing. The mixing of both parts (resin and hardener) gives a reactive resin composition. When curing, the viscosity increases and after completion of curing to obtain an infusible plastic (thermoset). According to the IUPAC, the thermosets are not to be called resins. Synthetic resins may be modified by natural substances, for example vegetable or animal oils or natural resins, such. B. in alkyd resins. However, synthetic resins are also referred to as natural resins which have been modified by esterification or saponification. In the broadest sense and contrary to the recommendations of the IUPAC in the industry (especially in the English-speaking world) all polymers that are the basis for plastics, organic coatings or coatings u. Ä., Are referred to as resins. For example, polyethylene is referred to as polyethylene resin or, in English, as polyethylene resin. ISO 472: 2013 Plastics - terms creates a highly inhomogeneous, barely useful conceptual field. The word resin is there directly or indirectly equated with the word plastic as well as the molding compound used in a production process or generally with polymer.

Properties and Processing of Synthetic Resins: Synthetic resins are typically liquid or solid amorphous products with no sharp boiling or melting point. For industrial application, the resins are often available in the form of an emulsion or suspension or are prepared in this form. Many of these resins can in principle also be used as true solutions, but since the most necessary solvents are volatile organic compounds, this proportion is becoming ever smaller. With conventional resins, such as phenolic resins, the curing is carried out by a polycondensation; they will therefore Called condensation resins and must be processed under high pressures. Important for industry are resins that cure without elimination of volatile components to thermosets. These resins are called reaction resins. An example of this is photoinitiated curing acrylates, wherein a radical polymerization by UV or visible light takes place. On the other hand, epoxides cure by polyaddition, also without cleavage.

1. (i) nicht mehr als 45 Gew.-% Blähgraphit; und
2. (ii) als das weitere Mittel bis zu 15 Gew.-% eine Kombination und/oder ein Gemisch Bs/Bx/S, jeweils bezogen auf die Kombination und/oder das Gemisch als 100 Gew.-%. enthaltend oder bestehend aus:
   1. a) 30 bis 70 Gew.-% Borsäure;
   2. b) 30 bis 70 Gew.-% Borax;
   3. c) ein Alkalichlorid, vorzugsweise Natriumchlorid, in einer Menge von weniger als 5 Gew.-%; und
   4. d) gewünschtenfalls Harnstoff bis zu 5 Gew.-%.

Embodiment 3: Paint (paint) containing expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, and / or products based thereon and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith , and / or materials and / or products and / or precursors treated therewith, according to claim 1; or use of expandable graphite according to claim 2 in combination with a further agent for reducing the flammability and / or flammability of materials and / or products, in particular as flame retardants and / or fire retardants, in each case based on the entire expandable graphite-containing material and / or Product as 100% by weight,

1. (i) not more than 45% by weight of expandable graphite; and
2. (ii) as the further agent up to 15% by weight of a combination and / or a mixture Bs / Bx / S, in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100% by weight. containing or consisting of:
   1. a) 30 to 70 wt .-% boric acid;
   2. b) from 30 to 70% by weight of borax;
   3. c) an alkali chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in an amount of less than 5% by weight; and
   4. d) if desired, urea up to 5 wt .-%.

• (i) Blähgraphit in einer Menge nicht mehr als 45 Gew.-%, mit einem
• (i) als weiteres Mittel bis zu bis zu 15 Gew.-% eines anorganischen Flammschutzmittels und/oder Brandschutzmittels, enthaltend oder bestehend aus einer Kombination und/oder einem Gemisch Bs/Bx/S, jeweils bezogen auf die Kombination und/oder das Gemisch als 100 Gew.-%.
  1. a) 30 bis 70 Gew.-% Borsäure;
  2. b) 30 bis 70 Gew.-% Borax;
  3. c) ein Alkalichlorid, vorzugsweise Natriumchlorid, in einer Menge von weniger als 5 Gew.-%; und
  4. d) gewünschtenfalls Harnstoff bis zu 5 Gew.-%.

Embodiment 4: Paint (paint) containing expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, and / or products based thereon and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith , and / or materials and / or products and / or precursors treated therewith, according to claim 1; or use according to claim 2, wherein the means for reducing the flammability and / or combustibility, in particular flame retardants and / or fire retardants, comprising or consisting of a combination of

• (i) expanded graphite in an amount of not more than 45 wt .-%, with a
• (I) as a further agent up to 15 wt .-% of an inorganic flame retardant and / or fire retardant, containing or consisting of a combination and / or a mixture Bs / Bx / S, each based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100% by weight.
  1. a) 30 to 70 wt .-% boric acid;
  2. b) from 30 to 70% by weight of borax;
  3. c) an alkali chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in an amount of less than 5% by weight; and
  4. d) if desired, urea up to 5 wt .-%.

Embodiment 5. Paint (paint) containing expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, and / or products based thereon and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith and / or materials and / or products and / or precursors thereof treated according to claim 4 or use according to claim 4, wherein the composition according to claim 4, further characterized in that it is in solid form, preferably as a powder, pellet or granules, is present.

Embodiment 6. Paint (paint) containing expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali chloride, preferably sodium chloride, and / or products based thereon and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith , and / or materials and / or products and / or precursors thereof treated according to claim 4 or use according to claim 4, wherein the agent according to claim 4, characterized in that the alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in an amount of less than 4, 5 wt .-%, preferably in an amount of less than 4 wt .-%, more preferably in an amount of up to 3.5 wt .-%, in particular in an amount of up to 3 wt .-%, is present; in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100 wt .-%.

Embodiment 7. Color (paint) containing expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, and / or products based thereon and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith and / or materials and / or products and / or precursors thereof treated according to claim 4 or use according to claim 4, wherein the composition according to claim 4, further characterized in that the alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in an amount of up to 2 , 5 wt .-%, in particular in an amount of up to 2 wt .-%, and preferably in an amount of up to 1.5 wt .-%, in particular in an amount of up to 1 wt .-%; in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100 wt .-%.

Embodiment 8. Paint (paint) containing expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, and / or products based thereon and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith and / or materials and / or products and / or precursors treated therewith, according to claim 4 or use according to claim 4, wherein the agent according to one of the preceding claims 4 to 7, further characterized in that the minimum content of alkali chloride, preferably sodium chloride, at 0.1% by weight, preferably at 0.2 or 0.3 or 0.4% by weight, more preferably at 0.5% by weight; in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100 wt .-%.

1. A) in diese Materialien und/oder (Vor-)Produkte zur Verminderung der Entflammbarkeit und/oder Brennbarkeit, insbesondere als Flammschutzmittel und/oder Brandschutzmittel, Blähgraphit in den Blähgraphit-enthaltenden, und gegebenenfalls Borax enthaltenden, und gegebenenfalls zusätzlich enthaltend ein Alkalichlorid, vorzugsweise Natriumchlorid, Materialien und/oder Produkten bis zu 60 Gew.-% bezogen auf das eingesetzte Material und/oder (Vor-)Produkt und/oder Vorprodukt, vorzugsweise aber nicht mehr als 45 Gew.-% bezogen auf das gesamte Blähgraphit-enthaltende Material und/oder (Vor-)Produkt als 100 Gew.-%, eingearbeitet ist;
2. B) Blähgraphit in Kombination mit einem weiteren Mittel zur Verminderung der Entflammbarkeit und/oder Brennbarkeit von Materialien und/oder Produkten, insbesondere als Flammschutzmittel und/oder Brandschutzmittel, umfassend, jeweils bezogen auf das gesamte Blähgraphit-enthaltende Material und/oder Produkt als 100 Gew.-%, wobei
   1. (i) nicht mehr als 45 Gew.-% Blähgraphit; und
   2. (ii) als das weitere Mittel bis zu 15 Gew.-% einer Kombination und/oder eines Gemisches Bs/Bx/S, jeweils bezogen auf die Kombination und/oder das Gemisch als 100 Gew.-%. enthaltend oder bestehend aus:
      1. a) 30 bis 70 Gew.-% Borsäure;
      2. b) 30 bis 70 Gew.-% Borax;
      3. c) ein Alkalichlorid, vorzugsweise Natriumchlorid, in einer Menge von weniger als 5 Gew.-%; und
      4. d) gewünschtenfalls Harnstoff bis zu 5 Gew.-%;
   eingearbeitet ist.

Embodiment 9. Materials and / or products and / or precursors consisting of wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers and / or wood powders and / or cellulose powders and / or wood granules and / or cellulose granules, and / or polymer-based materials, eg polyolefin-based Materials, consist or include, in particular binders and / or glues and / or polymer-based materials, such as polyolefin-based materials containing materials and / or products and / or precursors, preferably for insulation (wall, floor, ceiling) and / or for floor coverings and wall coverings, these materials and / or products and / or precursors including composites and / or composites therewith containing a paint (paint) containing expandable graphite, and optionally containing borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali chloride, preferably sodium chloride , and / or a product based thereon and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, container other materials and / or products and / or precursors are; wherein preferably the paint (paints) containing expandable graphite and / or a product based thereon and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, as defined in any one of claims 3 to 7; and further preferred wherein said materials and / or products and / or precursors are characterized as follows:

1. A) in these materials and / or (pre) products to reduce the flammability and / or flammability, especially as flame retardants and / or fire retardants, expandable graphite in the expandable graphite-containing, and optionally containing borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali metal chloride, preferably Sodium chloride, materials and / or products up to 60 wt .-% based on the material used and / or (pre-) product and / or precursor, but preferably not more than 45 wt .-% based on the total expandable graphite-containing material and / or (pre) product as 100 wt .-%, incorporated;
2. B) expanded graphite in combination with a further agent for reducing the flammability and / or flammability of materials and / or products, in particular as flame retardants and / or fire retardants, comprising, based on the total expandable graphite-containing material and / or product as 100 wt .-%, in which
   1. (i) not more than 45% by weight of expandable graphite; and
   2. (ii) as the further agent up to 15% by weight of a combination and / or of a mixture Bs / Bx / S, in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100% by weight. containing or consisting of:
      1. a) 30 to 70 wt .-% boric acid;
      2. b) from 30 to 70% by weight of borax;
      3. c) an alkali chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in an amount of less than 5% by weight; and
      4. d) if desired, urea up to 5% by weight;
   is incorporated.

A paint (paint) according to the invention containing expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, and / or based thereon Products and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith, and / or materials and / or products and / or precursors treated therewith, may be prepared in a manner known per se for their production by using expanded graphite, and optionally borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, mixed or incorporated in a known mixing process.

A paint (paint) according to the invention containing expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, and / or products based thereon and / or their precursors and / or intermediates can be treated in a manner known per se, So be applied "surfaces". Suitable are all materials and surfaces on which the underlying paint (paints) without expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, and / or based thereon products and / or their precursors and / or intermediates without Expanded graphite is usually used. Optionally, these materials and surfaces may already contain expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, or they may also be present without expandable graphite, and optionally without borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride. The paints (paints) according to the invention comprising expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and optionally additionally containing an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, and / or products based thereon and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith, and / or materials and / or products and / or precursors treated therewith are, according to the invention, also particularly suitable for or for the treatment of materials, eg Building materials, for a flame and / or fire protection is of particular importance. The following describes some special materials that already contain expanded graphite.

Polymer-based material, e.g. By definition, polyolefin-based materials, materials and / or products and / or precursors are those which comprise or consist of (heteroatom-free) aliphatic and / or (heteroatom-free) aromatic polymers or polyolefins. The polymers or polyolefins mentioned can be used here as powder, granules and / or polymer solution, or the melting, foaming and / or pressing can be provided for processing or application technology. Preferred aliphatic polyolefins here are in particular polyethylene and / or polypropylene. In this case, the preferred aromatic polymer is in particular polystyrene. Polystyrene may be a polystyrene-based thermoplastic foam, preferably polystyrene-based expanded or extruded thermoplastic foam. Optionally, the invention is characterized in that the foamed polystyrene is a thermoplastic foam based on polystyrene as expanded (EPS) and / or extruded polystyrene (XPS).

Insofar as the invention is described below using the example of wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers and materials made thereof or comprising them, the person skilled in the art will recognize that this disclosure equally applies to wood powder and / or cellulose powder and / or wood granules and / or cellulose granules and materials made therefrom or comprising them and / or (pre) products.

Binders and glues are the substances usually used in wood processing and known to the person skilled in the art. Binders and glues will be discussed in more detail below.

The term "fiber" is understood according to the invention as follows: A fiber is a thin and flexible structure which is made of a fibrous material in relation to its length. To speak of a fiber in the technical field, the ratio of length to diameter should be at least between 3: 1 and 10: 1; for many, e.g. textile, applications it is over 1000: 1. Fibers can absorb in the longitudinal direction no pressure, but only tensile forces, as they buckle under pressure.

The term "powder" is understood according to the invention air-dry clumps of solid particles. The individual particles differ in size, shape, mass and surface. Cohesion is ensured by cohesion forces. The term "powder" is synonymously or more generally referred to as "powder", which is a very fine bulk material, and refers to a very finely ground, dry solid.

According to the invention, the term "granules" is understood here as follows: Granules are aggregates of powder particles which have uneven surfaces and internal structures and are stored together. By merging, the specific surface area decreases. This leads to a reduction of the adhesion forces, which is more than compensated for by mutual entanglement and entanglement of the granule component during pressing. Granular matter, also called a granular medium or granules, consists of many small, solid particles such as grains or spheres. Examples of this condition are granular materials. The terms bulk material for mechanical and bulk material for logistical aspects are also used.

The invention also relates to an expandable graphite-containing agent for reducing the flammability and / or flammability of materials and / or products and / or precursors, especially flame retardants and / or fire retardants, for wood and / or cellulose (pre-) products and / or polymer-based, eg Polyolefin-based (pre-) products are particularly suitable, such as preferably for materials and / or products and / or precursors of wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers and / or wood powders and / or cellulose powders and / or wood granules and / or cellulose granules and / or polymer-based materials, eg Polyolefin-based materials, or comprise, in particular for binders and / or glues and / or polymer-based substances, e.g. Polyolefin-based materials, materials and / or products and / or precursors for insulation (wall, floor, ceiling) and / or for floor coverings and wall coverings.

Preference is given to products and / or precursors of wood and / or cellulose fibers, the binders and / or glues and / or polymer-based substances, e.g. Polyolefin-based substances of the type described above. These are in particular (insulating) building material products and / or floor coverings and wall coverings, for example in the form of foam, press, felt, nonwoven and / or composite (pre) products, consisting of or comprising wood - And / or cellulose fibers and binders and / or glues and / or polymer-based substances, eg Polyolefin-based fabrics of the type described above. Such products may include fiber press panels or fiber felts or nonwovens, e.g. in the form of mats or wool, powder and / or granulate press plates or powder and / or granular foams and / or nonwovens, and these products may preferably be for (insulating) construction purposes, for example for indoor and / or outdoor use, in particular for Dämmzwecke (Wall, floor, ceiling), as well as for wallcoverings and / or floor coverings, suitable and / or be set up for this purpose,

In one embodiment of the invention, the materials and / or (pre) products according to the invention are therefore insulation (wall, floor, ceiling), both for the interior and / or exterior. In a further embodiment of the invention, the materials and / or (pre-) products according to the invention are preferably wallcoverings and / or floor coverings both for the interior and / or exterior area, particularly preferably for the interior area.

The invention also relates to materials and / or (pre-) products which consist of or comprise wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers containing in particular binders and / or glues and / or wood powders and / or cellulose powders and / or wood granules and / or cellulose granules; and / or consisting of or comprising polymer-based substances, eg Polyolefin-based substances of the type described above, incorporating expanded graphite into these materials and / or (pre-) products for reducing flammability and / or flammability, in particular as flame retardants and / or flame retardants.

The invention also relates to a process for the production of materials and / or products and / or precursors of the type described above, from wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers and / or from wood powders and / or cellulose powders and / or wood granules and / or cellulose granules and / or Polymer-based materials, eg Polyolefin-based materials, or comprise, and / or consisting of or comprising polymer-based materials, e.g. Polyolefin-based materials, of the type described above, preferably foam, press, felt, nonwoven and / or composite products, wherein during the preparation of these materials and / or (pre-) products, in particular as binders and / or glues and / or polymer-based substances, eg Polyolefin-based materials, materials and / or products and / or precursors, preferably for insulation (wall, floor, ceiling) and / or for floor coverings and wall coverings, to reduce the flammability and / or flammability, especially as a flame retardant and / or A fire retardant, expandable graphite, as defined in claim 9 A), or expandable graphite in combination with a further agent for reducing the flammability and / or flammability of materials and / or products, as defined in claim 9 B) is incorporated.

• a) in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt Holzfasern und/oder Cellulosefasern und/oder Holzpulver und/oder Cellulosepulver und/oder Holzgranulat und/oder Cellulosegranulat mit dem oben definierten Mittel zur Verminderung der Entflammbarkeit und/oder Brennbarkeit von Materialien, insbesondere Flammschutzmittel und/oder Brandschutzmittel, enthaltend oder bestehend aus einer Kombination und/oder einem Gemisch Bs/Bx/S (siehe das in Anspruch 9 B) definierte Mittel) behandelt und sodann ggf. getrocknet wird; und
• b) in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt die im Verfahrensschritt a) mit der Kombination und/oder dem Gemisch Bs/Bx/S behandelten Holzfasern und/oder Cellulosefasern und/oder Holzpulver und/oder Cellulosepulver und/oder Holzgranulat und/oder Cellulosegranulat mit Blähgraphit wie oben beschrieben (siehe wie in Anspruch 9 A) definiert) gemischt und/oder beaufschlagt werden; und
• c1) gewünschtenfalls als Bulkware konfektioniert werden; und/oder
• c2) gewünschtenfalls zu Schaum-, Press-, Filz-, Vlies- und/oder Komposit-Produkten weiterverarbeitet werden.

In a particular process according to the invention for producing materials and / or products of the above type according to the invention, these processes are carried out as follows:

• a) in a first process step, wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers and / or wood powder and / or cellulose powder and / or wood granules and / or cellulose granules with the above-defined composition for reducing the flammability and / or flammability of materials, in particular flame retardants and / or fire retardants, containing or consisting of a combination and / or a mixture Bs / Bx / S (see the defined in claim 9 B) means) and then optionally dried; and
• b) in a second process step, in step a) with the combination and / or the mixture Bs / Bx / S treated wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers and / or wood powder and / or cellulose powder and / or wood granules and / or cellulose granules with expandable graphite as above described (see as defined in claim 9 A) defined) mixed and / or charged; and
• c1) if desired, be formulated as bulk goods; and or
• c2) be further processed, if desired, into foam, press, felt, nonwoven and / or composite products.

The above process according to the invention can also be modified, in particular for the embodiments of the invention relating to materials and / or (pre-) products consisting of in particular binder and / or glues containing wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers and / or wood powders and / or cellulose powders and or consist of or comprise wood granules and / or cellulose granules, and / or consisting of or comprising polymer-based substances, eg Polyolefin-based substances, of the type described above, being incorporated directly into these materials and / or (pre) products to reduce the flammability and / or flammability, in particular as a flame retardant and / or fire retardant, expandable graphite. For example, an optionally containing a combination and / or a mixture Bs / Bx / S containing expandable graphite composition on a treated or untreated foam, press, felt, nonwoven and / or composite (Vor -) product (or carrier formed therefrom) scattered as a powder and / or granules and / or, if present as a solution or emulsion or suspension present, also sprayed, the coating thus obtained melted, possibly even under surface pressure or surface pressing , and / or dried, for example. At temperatures above about 200 ° C. For application, extrusion processes for application and / or further processing can also be used. Melting and drying is possible by the methods familiar to one skilled in the art (e.g., hot air, oven, microwave, IR), as well as other common means such as e.g. Finishing and / or calendering.

The application of one or more further wear layers and / or decorative layers in conjunction with or in addition to the above method is also possible.

The invention expressly also relates to the bulk goods obtained in c1) and the foam, press, felt, nonwoven and / or composite products obtained in c2. Thus, the invention, e.g. as bulk goods, also generally wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers and / or wood powder and / or cellulose powder and / or wood granules and / or cellulose granules and / or consisting of or comprising polymer-based substances, e.g. Polyolefin-based materials of the type described above, containing the above-defined composition for reducing the flammability and / or flammability of insulating materials, wall coverings or floor coverings, in particular flame retardants and / or fire retardants, containing or consisting of a combination and / or a mixture Bs / Bx / S are treated and dried and mixed with expandable graphite and / or compounded. Likewise, the invention relates to products made therefrom or comprising them, which are further processed into foamed, pressed, felted and / or composite products.

The flame retardant and / or fire retardant according to the invention can be used in particular outstandingly for the protection of any wood, cellulose and / or lignin-containing, fibrous materials and / or these (pre) products comprising them or consisting thereof, and / or (Vor -) Products consisting of or comprising polymer-based substances, such as polyolefin-based substances of the type described above eligible, in particular for Dämmzwecke, wall coverings or floor coverings, applications of the invention or products such as wood fibers, fibrous wood-containing and / or woody Materials and wood fiber products: eg doors, windows, parquet, laminate, wainscoting, ceilings; Boxes, wooden shelves, furniture; Wooden construction material such as rafters, moldings, wood fiber fillers for scores or voids, wood fiber product applications for roof trusses or floor props, etc .; eg wooden parts made of wood and / or cellulose fibers and / or walls of heat cabins and saunas), wood and / or cellulose fibers, also in connection with textiles and textile products; with paper and paper products, cardboard, cardboard, cardboard; Products consisting of or comprising fibers and fabrics, artificial and natural fibers and fabrics therefor; Composite products of wood and / or cellulose fibers and plastics and plastic products; made of wood and / or cellulose fibers insulating materials and insulation products and / or Composite products therewith, including thermal insulation materials and insulation products, electrical and / or cable insulation and all kinds of electrical installations; Colors and color products, etc .; including composite materials and / or composite materials and / or work and / or building materials with the aforementioned materials and / or substances.

However, insulation, wall coverings or floor coverings are particularly preferred. In this case, the use of expandable graphite according to the invention proves to be particularly advantageous, since edging flames must be fired vertically, in particular for vertical insulation and vertical wall coverings for fire or flame protection tests, in order to provide the required fire protection proofs , In this case, the flamed vertically arranged material, ie the vertical insulation or the vertical wall covering, neither melt nor drip to pass the required fire protection test and fire protection class. This has not been successful in the prior art, as catastrophic fires of styrofoam in particular and also based on wood and cellulose products insulation and wall coverings even in the recent past still show. It is known that flames in fires usually spread very easily from bottom to top, ie vertically in height. In the event of fire, drops are then produced by fusion of e.g. from the binder and / or glue contained in the wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers and / or from wood powders and / or cellulose powders and / or wood granules and / or cellulose granules, and especially the polymer-based contained in the materials and / or (pre-) products Stoffes, eg Polyolefin-based substance, the type described above. This flows in a vertical arrangement, e.g. insulating materials and wall coverings, permanently melting, dripping binder, glue and / or polymer, e.g. Polyolefin, from above into the edge flaming and constantly fires the flame and the fire.

By means of the present invention, it is now possible, for the first time, in particular by the use of expandable graphite in the above-described materials and / or (preliminary) products, to fuse (drop) by fusing the e.g. binder and / or glue contained in the wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers and / or from wood powders and / or cellulose powders and / or wood granules and / or cellulose granules, and in particular the polymer-based substance contained in the materials and / or (pre-) products , eg Polyolefin-based substance, the type described above, effectively prevent and thus prevent the formation of flames and the spread of fire, but at least for a sufficient period of time to complicate far enough to extinguishing forces can take on-site firefighting measures.

In the broadest version of the invention, in particular in, optionally pretreated with a further flame retardant and / or fire retardant, materials and / or (pre-) products, in particular binder and / or glues containing wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers and / or from Wood powder and / or cellulose powders and / or wood granules and / or cellulose granules consist of or include, the amount of expandable graphite can vary in a wide range of amounts, the amount of expandable graphite in the expandable graphite-containing materials and / or (pre) products up to 60 wt .-% based on the material used and / or product and / or precursor, but preferably not more than 45 wt .-% based on the total expandable graphite-containing material and / or (pre-) product as 100 wt. %, is. Other amounts and ranges of materials and / or (pre) products consisting of or including wood fibers (and / or wood powders and / or wood granules) are described below.

According to the invention, the proportion of expandable graphite in the above-described materials and / or (pre-) products or uses or processes, in particular in embodiments consisting of or comprising polymer-based substances, e.g. Polyolefin-based fabrics, of the type described above, preferably not more than 45 wt .-%, preferably not more than 40 wt .-%, more preferably not more than 35 wt .-%, and most preferably not more than 30 wt .-%, in each case based on the total material and / or (pre) product as 100 wt .-%.

According to the invention, the proportion of expandable graphite in the above-described materials and / or (pre-) products or uses or processes is at least 1 wt .-%, preferably at least 2 wt .-%, more preferably at least 3 wt .-%, even further preferably at least 4 wt .-%, and most preferably at least 5 wt .-%, each based on the total material and / or (pre) product as 100 wt .-%.

According to the invention, the proportion of expandable graphite in the above-described materials and / or (pre-) products or uses or processes is thus in the range of 1 wt .-% to 45 wt .-%, from 2 wt .-% to 45 wt. %, from 3% to 45%, from 4% to 45%, and from 5% to 45%, by weight. The proportion of expandable graphite is preferably in the range of 1 % By weight to 40% by weight, from 2% by weight to 40% by weight, from 3% by weight to 40% by weight, from 4% by weight to 40% by weight, and from 5% to 40% by weight. More preferably, the proportion of expandable graphite here in the range of 1 wt .-% to 35 wt .-%, from 2 wt .-% to 35 wt .-%, from 3 wt .-% to 35 wt .-%, of 4 wt .-% to 35 wt .-%, and from 5 wt .-% to 35 wt .-%. In this case, the proportion of expandable graphite is very particularly preferably in the range from 1% by weight to 30% by weight, from 2% by weight to 30% by weight, from 3% by weight to 30% by weight, from 4 wt% to 30 wt%, and from 5 wt% to 30 wt%. All predictive percentages by weight in each case relate to the total material and / or (pre) product as 100% by weight.

In this case, if desired, the expandable graphite may additionally also have the function of a (usually inorganic) filler, such as e.g. Talc, kaolin or others, take over and thus replace this filler proportionately. The skilled person can easily determine the respective minimum required amount of expandable graphite to ensure the flame and / or fire protection effect and the maximum amount of expandable graphite to maintain the required or desired filler characteristics within the above amounts.

According to the invention, in one embodiment, the proportion of borax in the above-described materials and / or (pre-) products or uses or processes, in particular in embodiments consisting of or comprising polymer-based substances, e.g. Polyolefin-based fabrics, of the type described above, preferably not more than 15 wt .-%, preferably not more than 12 wt .-%, more preferably not more than 10 wt .-%, and most preferably not more than 8 wt .-%, in each case based on the total material and / or (pre) product as 100 wt .-%.

According to the invention, in one embodiment, the proportion of borax in the materials described above and / or (pre-) products or uses or processes is at least 1% by weight, preferably at least 2% by weight, more preferably at least 3% by weight. , even more preferably at least 4 wt .-%, and most preferably at least 5 wt .-%, each based on the total material and / or (pre) product as 100 wt .-%.

According to the invention, in one embodiment, the proportion of borax in the above-described materials and / or (pre) products or uses or methods is thus in the range of 1 wt .-% to 15 wt .-%, from 2 wt .-% to 15 wt .-%, from 3 wt .-% to 15 wt .-%, from 4 wt .-% to 15 wt .-%, and from 5 wt .-% to 15 wt .-%. In this case, the proportion of expandable graphite is preferably in the range from 1% by weight to 12% by weight, from 2% by weight to 12% by weight, from 3% by weight to 12% by weight, from 4 Wt .-% to 12 wt .-%, and from 5 wt .-% to 12 wt .-%. More preferably, the proportion of expandable graphite here in the range of 1 wt .-% to 10 wt .-%, from 2 wt .-% to 10 wt .-%, from 3 wt .-% to 10 wt .-%, of 4 wt .-% to 10 wt .-%, and from 5 wt .-% to 10 wt .-%. In this case, the proportion of expandable graphite is very particularly preferably in the range from 1% by weight to 8% by weight, from 2% by weight to 8% by weight, from 3% by weight to 8% by weight, from 4 wt% to 8 wt%, and from 5 wt% to 8 wt%. All predictive percentages by weight in each case relate to the total material and / or (pre) product as 100% by weight.

According to the invention, in one embodiment, the proportion of alkali chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in the above-described materials and / or (pre-) products or uses or processes, especially in embodiments consisting of or comprising polymer-based substances, e.g. Polyolefin-based materials of the type described above, preferably not more than 5% by weight, preferably not more than 4% by weight, more preferably not more than 3% by weight, and most preferably not more than 2, 5 wt .-%, each based on the total material and / or (pre) product as 100 wt .-%.

According to the invention, in one embodiment, the proportion of alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in the materials described above and / or (pre-) products or uses or processes is at least 0.1% by weight, preferably at least 0.5% by weight, more preferably at least 1% by weight, more preferably at least 1.5% by weight, and most preferably 2% by weight, based in each case on the total material and / or (pre) product, of 100% by weight. %.

According to the invention, in one embodiment, the proportion of alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in the materials described above and / or (pre-) products or uses or processes is thus in the range from 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight 0.5% to 5% by weight, from 1% to 5% by weight, from 1.5 wt% to 5 wt%, and from 2 wt% to 5 wt%. The proportion of expandable graphite is preferably in the range from 0.1% by weight to 4% by weight, from 0.5% by weight to 4% by weight, from 1% by weight to 4% by weight. %, from 1.5 wt% to 4 wt%, and from 2 wt% to 4 wt%. More preferably, the proportion of expandable graphite here in the range of 0.1 wt .-% to 3 wt .-%, from 0.5 wt .-% to 3 wt .-%, from 1 wt .-% to 3 wt. -%, from 1.5 wt .-% to 3 wt .-%, and from 2 wt .-% to 3 wt .-%. In this case, the proportion of expandable graphite is very particularly preferably in the range from 0.1% by weight to 2.5% by weight, from 0.5% by weight to 2.5% by weight, from 1% by weight. % to 2.5 wt%, from 1.5 wt% to 2.5 wt%, and from 2 wt% to 2.5 wt%. All predictive percentages by weight in each case relate to the total material and / or (pre) product as 100% by weight.

In the patent application DE 10 2015 119 558.5 of 12.11.2015 it has been found that with a flame and / or flame retardant, which consists only of boric acid, borax, alkali chloride, preferably sodium chloride, and if desired, urea in the composition given below or contains, the objective for wood and cellulose, especially for wood and / or cellulose fibers as such, is completely achievable. This flame and / or fire retardant thus contains no ammonium nitrate, no halogenated fractions and no melamine compounds and omitted in preferred embodiments on urea. A composite in this sense flame and / or fire retardant meets all requirements including a simple and very cost-effective manufacturability and is for wood and cellulose, especially for wood and / or cellulose fibers as such, already particularly good as a flame and / or fire retardants effective.

Surprisingly, it has further been found according to the invention that the undesired afterglow of products consisting of or comprising wood and / or cellulose fibers can be effectively prevented in practice, if in addition to the agent from the German patent application DE 10 2015 119 558.5 from 12.11.2015 expanded graphite is used.

Expandable graphite is therefore according to the invention also in combination with the agent described below DE 10 2015 119 558.5 used.

The composition of the flame and / or fire retardant of DE 10 2015 119 558.5 to reduce the flammability and / or flammability of substances consists of a mixture of boric acid (H ₃ BO ₃ ), borax (Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ * 10H ₂ O), at least one alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride; and, if desired, urea (CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ ) as an optional ingredient. However, agents according to the invention preferably contain no urea or only in relatively small amounts; ie then, for example, preferably in an amount of only 0 to 1.0 parts by weight in the inventive agent defined below.

1. a) 30 bis 70 Gew.-% Borsäure;
2. b) 30 bis 70 Gew.-% Borax;
3. c) ein Alkalichlorid, vorzugsweise Natriumchlorid, in einer Menge von weniger als 5 Gew.-%; und
4. d) gewünschtenfalls Harnstoff bis zu 5 Gew.-%;

jeweils bezogen auf die Kombination und/oder das Gemisch als 100 Gew.-%.Thus, the invention relates to the use of expanded graphite in combination with another means for reducing the flammability and / or flammability of materials, in particular flame retardants and / or fire retardants DE 10 2015 119 558.5 Thus, another flame retardant and / or fire retardant containing or consisting of a combination and / or a mixture of

1. a) 30 to 70 wt .-% boric acid;
2. b) from 30 to 70% by weight of borax;
3. c) an alkali chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in an amount of less than 5% by weight; and
4. d) if desired, urea up to 5% by weight;

in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100 wt .-%.

1. a) 30 bis 70 Gew.-% Borsäure;
2. b) 30 bis 70 Gew.-% Borax;
3. c) ein Alkalichlorid, vorzugsweise Natriumchlorid, in einer Menge von weniger als 5 Gew.-%; und
4. d) gewünschtenfalls Harnstoff bis zu 5 Gew.-%;

jeweils bezogen auf die Kombination und/oder das Gemisch als 100 Gew.-%. Die Abkürzung „Bs/Bx/S“ steht hierbei und im Folgenden für „Borsäure/Borax/Salz“ für die obligatorischen Komponenten a), b) und c) des Mittels nach DE 10 2015 119 558.5 .The invention further relates to an agent for reducing the flammability and / or flammability of materials, especially flame retardants and / or fire retardants, comprising or consisting of a combination of expandable graphite with another inorganic flame retardant and / or fire retardant containing or consisting of a combination and / or a mixture Bs / Bx / S of

1. a) 30 to 70 wt .-% boric acid;
2. b) from 30 to 70% by weight of borax;
3. c) an alkali chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in an amount of less than 5% by weight; and
4. d) if desired, urea up to 5% by weight;

in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100 wt .-%. The abbreviation "Bs / Bx / S" here and hereinafter for "boric acid / borax / salt" stands for the obligatory components a), b) and c) of the composition DE 10 2015 119 558.5 ,

According to the invention, the proportion of the combination and / or of the mixture "Bs / Bx / S" (as dry weight) in the above-described materials and / or (pre) products or uses or processes, if present if desired, preferably not more than 15 Wt .-%, preferably not more than 10 wt .-%, more preferably not more than 5 wt .-%, and most preferably not more than 3 wt .-%, each based on the total material and / or (Vor -) Product as 100 wt .-%.

According to the invention, the proportion of the combination and / or the mixture "Bs / Bx / S" in the above-described materials and / or (pre-) products or uses or processes, if present if desired, is at least 0.5% by weight, preferably at least 1 wt .-%, more preferably at least 1.5 wt .-%, even more preferably at least 2 wt .-%, and most preferably at least 3 wt .-%, each based on the total material and / or ( Pre-) product as 100% by weight.

According to the invention, the proportion of the combination and / or the mixture "Bs / Bx / S", if present if desired, in the materials described above and / or (pre-) products or uses or methods thus in the range of 0.5 wt. % to 15% by weight, from 1% by weight to 15% by weight, from 1.5% by weight to 15% by weight, from 2% by weight to 15% by weight, and from 3% to 15% by weight. Preferably, the proportion of the combination and / or the mixture "Bs / Bx / S", if present if desired, in this case in the range of 0.5 wt .-% to 10 wt .-%, from 1 wt .-% to 10 wt %, from 1.5% to 10%, from 2% to 10%, and from 3% to 10% by weight. More preferably, the proportion of the combination and / or the mixture "Bs / Bx / S", if present if desired, in this case in the range of 0.5 wt .-% to 5 wt .-%, from 1 wt .-% to 5 Wt .-%, from 1.5 wt .-% to 5 wt .-%, from 2 wt .-% to 5 wt .-%, and from 3 wt .-% to 5 wt .-%. Most preferably, the proportion of the combination and / or the mixture "Bs / Bx / S", if present if desired, in this case in the range of 0.5 wt .-% to 3 wt .-%, of 1.5 wt. % to 3 wt%, from 2 wt% to 3 wt%. All predictive percentages by weight in each case relate to the total material and / or (pre) product as 100% by weight.

In this case, the combination and / or the mixture "Bs / Bx / S", if desired, if desired, additionally also the function of a (usually inorganic) filler, such as. Talc, kaolin or others, take over and thus replace this filler proportionately. The skilled person may in this case the respective minimum required amount of the combination and / or the mixture "Bs / Bx / S", if present if necessary, to ensure the flame and / or fire protection effect and the maximum amount of the combination and / or the mixture "Bs / Bx / S ", if desired, readily to maintain the required or desired filler characteristics within the limits given above.

The advantages of said composition according to DE 10 2015 119 558.5 can be obtained when using the agent according to the invention both in dry or solid form, as well as when used in dissolved form, for example in an aqueous solvent and in particular in aqueous solution. For use of the agent, it may be advisable to dissolve the dry or solid form of the agent in an aqueous solvent to apply it to the material to be treated and / or to introduce into the material to be treated. As a result, the absorption capacity for the agent is achieved in the material to be treated. Both uses of the agent and the methods of preparation of these agents are described in the context of the present invention. It has been found that it is precisely by the above combination and / or the mixture with the stated quantitative ranges a surprisingly simple and yet enormously effective solution for the still existing enormous demand for simple, inexpensive and environmentally friendly manufacturable, workable and usable means for reducing the flammability and / or flammability of various materials, in particular as a flame retardant and / or fire retardant could be provided.

The above dry or solid agent of the invention may be in any solid form, e.g. Depending on the intended use, be provided as individual components for individual mixing in the amounts mentioned or premixed. Common dry or solid forms according to the invention are e.g. Powders, granules, pellets, and they may be in amorphous, crystalline and / or partially crystalline form, optionally also in the form of conventional hydrates. If desired, the above dry or solid agent of the invention may be granulated or pelleted. It is not necessary to cover the dry or solid granulated or pelleted moisture protection agents according to the invention, but in individual cases this is not excluded for special applications.

The invention and its advantages can therefore be realized in a surprising manner also with bulk goods of the mentioned components. The invention therefore also relates to a means for reducing the Flammability and / or flammability of materials, in particular flame retardants and / or fire retardants, containing or consisting of the abovementioned combination and / or the above-mentioned mixture in dry or solid and uncoated form. To improve the flowability, however, conventional lubricants for powdery or particulate substances may be present in amounts which are conventional per se.

The dry or solid agent according to the invention can in this case be used in any kind of small and large containers, in particular also industrial containers such as e.g. Barrels, sacks, bigpacks, etc., packaged, delivered and / or stored, and also stored in silos or in containers.

The flammability and / or combustibility of the various, already mentioned above, to be protected materials and / or substances can be reduced immediately by a simple way by applying to these materials and / or substances, an aqueous solution of the composition according to the invention and / or soaking them and / or diving in it. As materials may be exemplified again material typical here, without thereby limiting the above list of wood, paper, textiles, fibers, tissue. Plastics can also be treated as material if necessary with this agent.

The amount of the starting materials boric acid, borax, alkali chloride, preferably sodium chloride; and optionally urea in said agent may, depending on the material to be protected and / or material from which the flammability and / or flammability is to be reduced, vary within the invention in the claims specified or described herein quantitative ranges.

The preferred amount in the composition according to the invention, as a combination and / or mixture, of boric acid (H ₃ BO ₃ ) according to the invention is 30-70% by weight; of borax (Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ * 10H ₂ O) 30-70% by weight; and at least one alkali chloride, preferably sodium chloride, but present in an amount of less than 5% by weight. The alkali metal chloride content is very advantageous for the effect and use according to the invention, but should be less than 5% by weight in order to avoid crystal formation on prolonged standing of aqueous solutions of the combination and / or of the mixture. The percentages by weight are based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100% by weight.

In the composition according to the invention, therefore, the alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, is thus present in an amount of less than 5% by weight, preferably in an amount of less than 4.5% by weight, in particular in an amount of less than 4% by weight. -%, more preferably in an amount of up to 3.5 wt .-%, in particular in an amount of up to 3 wt .-%, even more preferably in an amount of up to 2.5 wt .-%, in particular in an amount of up to 2 wt .-%, and particularly preferably in an amount of up to 1.5 wt .-%, in particular in an amount of up to 1 wt .-%; in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100 wt .-%. The minimum content of alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, is in particular 0.1% by weight, preferably 0.2 or 0.3 or 0.4% by weight, more preferably 0.5% by weight; also in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100 wt .-%.

In terms of quantitative ranges, the alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, can thus be present in the composition according to the invention in an amount of from 0.1% by weight to less than 5% by weight, preferably from 0.2 or 0.3 or 0.4% by weight. % to less than 5% by weight, more preferably from 0.5% by weight to less than 5% by weight, based in each case on the combination and / or the mixture as 100% by weight , In the composition of the invention, the alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, also in an amount of 0.1 wt .-% to less than 4.5 wt .-%, preferably from 0.2 or 0.3 or 0.4 wt. % to less than 4.5% by weight, more preferably from 0.5% by weight to less than 4.5% by weight - in particular in each case up to an amount of less than 4% by weight in each case , present; in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100 wt .-%.

In the composition of the present invention, the alkali chloride, preferably sodium chloride, may further be contained in an amount of from 0.1% by weight to 3.5% by weight, preferably from 0.2 or 0.3 or 0.4% by weight to to 3.5 wt .-%, more preferably from 0.5 wt .-% up to 3.5 wt .-% - in particular here in each case up to an amount of up to 3 wt .-%, are present; in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100 wt .-%. Or, in the composition according to the invention, the alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, can furthermore be used in an amount of from 0.1% by weight up to 2.5% by weight, preferably from 0.2 or 0.3 or 0.4% by weight. up to 2.5 wt .-%, more preferably from 0.5 wt .-% up to 2.5 wt .-% - in particular here in each case up to an amount of up to 2 wt .-%, are present; in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100 wt .-%.

The alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, may preferably be present in the composition according to the invention in an amount of from 0.1% by weight up to 1.5% by weight, preferably from 0.2 or 0.3 or 0.4% by weight. % to at 1.5 wt .-%, more preferably from 0.5 wt .-% up to 1.5 wt .-% - in particular in each case up to an amount of up to 1 wt .-%, before; in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100 wt .-%.

The agent according to the invention can either be particularly preferably free of urea (CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ ) or, if desired, it can be urea in an amount of up to 5% by weight (0 to 5% by weight), preferably in an amount up to 4% by weight (0 up to 4% by weight), more preferably in an amount up to 3, 2 or 1% by weight (0 up to 3, 2 or 1% by weight), and most preferably in an amount of from 0 up to a maximum of 1% by weight.

The above means after DE 10 2015 119 558.5 is used according to the invention in combination with expandable graphite.

Expanded graphite, also called "expandable graphite", is made from the naturally occurring mineral graphite. A graphite flake consists of layers of honeycombed carbon atoms. Within the layers, the atoms are very tightly connected by covalent bonds. Between the layers only weak binding forces prevail, so that molecules can be intercalated between the graphite layers. Due to the incorporation of acids, usually sulfuric acid, graphite is converted into expandable graphite.

If expanded graphite is heated, the graphite flakes expand according to their quality, from a temperature of approx. 140 ° C to a multiple of the original volume. By evaporating the embedded compounds, the graphite layers are driven apart like an accordion. The expanded flakes have a "worm-like" appearance and are usually several millimeters long. Physical properties of expanded graphite: carbon content 85-99% by weight; Expansion rate 30 - 400 cc / g; Particle size 80% <75 μm - 80%> 500 μm; Starting temperature 140 - 230 ° C.

For the production of expanded graphite natural graphite flakes are treated in a bath of acid and oxidizing agent. Commonly used oxidants are hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate and chromic acid, the latter of which may involve after-effects. Concentrated sulfuric acid or nitric acid are usually used as the compound to be stored, the reaction being carried out at temperatures of 30 ° C. to 130 ° C. for up to four hours. After the reaction time, the flakes are washed with water and then dried. Start temperature and expansion rate depend on the fineness of the graphite. One of the main applications of expanded graphite is flame retardancy. When exposed to heat, expanded graphite expands to form an intumescent layer on the surface of the material. This slows down the expansion of the fire and counteracts the most dangerous consequences of fire for humans, namely the formation of toxic gases and smoke.

However, the application in connection with flame and / or fire retardants, in particular in the field of wood fiber and / or cellulose fiber products has not been known and we presented here for the first time by the inventor. The amount of expandable graphite to be used within the scope of the present invention will be measured by one skilled in the art to effectively prevent glowing and / or afterglow, and to increase the rate of expansion to the desired and / or desired depending on the application or wood fiber and / or cellulose fiber product acceptable level is set.

According to the invention, the expandable graphite can either be used alone in the production of flame-retardant and / or fire-protected products consisting of or comprising wood fiber and / or cellulose fiber materials or it can be used as a mixture together with the above-described flame and / or flame retardant DE 10 2015 119 558.5 be used, which will be explained below with reference to two exemplary embodiments.

Based on the amount by weight of the wood fibers used, possibly pretreated, as 100% by weight, the amount of expandable graphite in a wide range of amounts, for example up to 60% by weight expandable graphite, based on the amount by weight of the wood fibers used, is 100% by weight, be varied; the minimum amount of expandable graphite may be, for example, 0.1% by weight, 0.5% by weight, 1% by weight, 2% by weight, 3% by weight, 4% by weight, 5% by weight. %, 10 wt .-%, 15 wt .-%, 20 wt .-% or more, amount, in each case based on the amount by weight of the wood fibers used as 100 wt .-%; Intermediate values of the stated minimum amounts in% by weight are likewise possible, for example in 0.1% by weight increments, 0.5% by weight increments and / or 1% by weight increments. Likewise, the superset of expandable graphite may be, for example, 55% by weight, 50% by weight, 45% by weight, 40% by weight, 35% by weight, 30% by weight or less, in each case based on the amount by weight of the wood fibers used as 100 wt .-%; Intermediate values of the stated upper amounts in% by weight are likewise possible, for example in 0.1% by weight increments, 0.5% by weight increments and / or 1% by weight increments.

In particular, the amount of expandable graphite in the range of 0.1 wt .-% to 60 wt .-%, preferably 1 wt .-% to 60 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 wt .-% to 60 wt .-%, more preferably from 10% to 60%, even more preferably from 15% to 60%, and most preferably from 20% to 60% by weight, based in each case on the Weight of the wood fibers used as 100 wt .-%. Intermediate values of the stated ranges of minimum quantity and upper quantity in% by weight are likewise possible, e.g. in 0.1% by weight increments, 0.5% by weight increments and / or 1% by weight increments, each independently of the minimum amount and the superset amount.

Polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) was used as binder for the fibers. Polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) also called technical MDI, is a mixture of methylene diphenyl isocyanates and homologous aromatic polyisocyanates. The term "polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate" is incorrect, it is not a polymer, but the mixture contains compounds having several (typically to 6) phenylene groups, each carrying an isocyanate group. Common trade name is also polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate. PMDI is used as a binder in wood-based panels, in particular for OSB panels, and is a starting material for the production of polyurethanes. The technical preparation is carried out by phosgenation of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (an MDA) and its homologues. This mixture itself is in turn prepared by condensation of aniline with formaldehyde. The composition and properties of the PMDI with respect to reactivity and thus its applicability as a binder are influenced essentially by the following factors: proportions of the MDI isomers (4,4'-MDI, 2,4'-MDI, 2,2'-MDI); Molecular weight distribution. PMDI is a brown, very flammable liquid (flash point above 200 ° C) that has a higher density than water. The melting point is about -24 ° C. At 20 ° C, the density is about 1.23 g · cm ^-3 . With regard to wood-based chipboard materials with PMDI, PMDI has some advantages compared to other adhesives used in the wood-based panel industry, which justify the higher price, especially for applications that place greater demands on moisture resistance or formaldehyde emission: Hydrolysis resistance; free from formaldehyde; lower binder requirement.

In an exemplary embodiment, wood fibers (with residual moisture) were introduced into a concrete mixer and mixed therein with added expandable graphite (a wide range of 1% by weight - 60% by weight addition of expandable graphite is possible). Then, a PMDI solution was sprayed, the mix was poured into a mold and pressed with 170 tons at 200 ° C to a plate. The wood fiber product thus produced has sufficient strength and shows after 10 min. Flame no burning, no afterglow, The temperature of the fire area dropped abruptly. Expanded graphite has an intimate effect and blooms at the point of fire, prevents the ignition of the cellulose or wood fibers, does not permit a rise in temperature inside the fiberboard, extinguishes immediately after removal of the flame, and in no way glows. Thus, a classification in the fire protection group B1 would not be a problem, if necessary, it could also be sufficient for A1, if expandable graphite does not escape excessively in the form of ash during puffing and thus does not significantly lose the product in total weight.

In an exemplary embodiment, wood fibers were first placed in boric acid / borax / salt solution or completely soaked and then dried again. Then, the treated wood fibers were filled as in the previous embodiment in a concrete mixer and also sprayed with PMDI, then filled into a mold and pressed with 170 tons at 200 ° C to plates. The strength of the fiberboard was also very good, it does not burn, the burning surface radiates some temperature, the afterglow is very low and after 20 min. No afterglow could be observed, the temperature decreased rapidly, and any embers were completely extinguished.

The advantageous effects of the invention in connection with expandable graphite is exemplified in more detail in Example 9 of this application.

In addition to the sole use of expandable graphite, the present invention therefore also provides in a further embodiment, a surprisingly simple combination and / or simple mixture of expandable graphite together with the agent DE 10 2015 119 558.5 to reduce the flammability and / or flammability of products made of wood and / or cellulose fiber materials, in particular a flame retardant and / or fire retardant available that surprisingly allows a much wider range of applications, in contrast to the material-specific means of the prior art. For example, it is therefore only minimal adaptation effort for the respective field of application and for various applications suitable. The flame retardant and / or fire retardant according to the invention can thus be used, as already mentioned above, for the protection of cellulosic and / or lignin-containing fibrous materials such as wood fibers, fibrous wood-containing and / or wood-like materials, and wood fiber products, and corresponding applications which cellolose- and / or lignin-containing, fibrous materials and products made therewith are used.

The invention relates, in particular as already mentioned above as preferred for the applications insulation, wall coverings or floor coverings, thus also with the above-described inventive agent, in particular flame and / or flame retardants, treated materials, in particular cellolose and / or lignin - containing materials such as wood, wood-containing and / or wood-like materials, and wood products (eg doors, windows, parquet, laminate, wainscoting, ceilings; boxes, wooden shelves, furniture; wooden construction material such as rafters, moldings, wood for trusses or floor props, etc (eg wooden parts and / or walls of heat cabins and saunas), textiles and textile products; of paper and paper products, cardboard, cardboard, cardboard; Fibers and fabrics, artificial and natural fibers and fabrics therewith; Plastics and plastic products; Insulating materials and insulation products, including thermal insulation materials and insulation products, electrical and / or cable insulation and all kinds of electrical installations; Colors and color products, etc .; including composite materials and / or composite materials and / or work and / or building materials with the aforementioned materials and / or substances.

The invention also relates to products and / or composite materials and / or composites with the above materials or materials, the preparation of the agent and methods or operations using the agent and / or the corresponding combination of its individual components or as a ready preblend in the above ranges Reduction of flammability and / or flammability.

The present invention also relates to the use of one of the above-defined and described compositions for reducing the flammability and / or combustibility of materials, in particular the use as flame retardants and / or fire retardants, for a variety of applications, the materials with equipment by a flame retardant and / or fire retardant , eg required by law, mandatory or where the equipment of a flame retardant and / or fire retardant is desirable to enhance safety, in particular, but not limited to, in particular fibrous materials of wood and / or celluslose and products consisting thereof or consisting thereof for which reference is made to the above list of materials and / or the aforementioned fields of application.

Depending on the nature of the materials or substances, the novel agent can be applied and / or sprayed on in the surface region of the materials or substances to be protected and / or the materials or substances can be mixed with the agent according to the invention in the form of an aqueous and / or alcoholic solution be dipped and / or soaked. The materials to be treated can therefore be equipped in a very flexible manner, both during their manufacture and after their production, with a view to various respective uses of the materials. It can therefore be decided batchwise, depending on the marketing and application of the respective material, whether the material is prepared untreated and only then, if desired or already in its preparation with the composition of the invention in a freely selectable amount to be equipped. The person skilled in the art knows the respective methods or methods suitable for the material and / or substance to be protected, in order to apply and / or incorporate an agent onto the respective material and / or substance and / or use this agent from the respective material and / or Substance is absorbed.

According to the preferred features of this flame retardant and / or fire retardant can be provided as granules or in the form of an aqueous solution.

Thus, the invention also relates to an agent of the type described above, which is characterized in that it is in solid form, preferably as a pellet or granules.

Furthermore, the invention relates to an agent of the type described above, which is characterized in that it is present dissolved in an aqueous solvent, preferably in water.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the agent according to the invention of the type described above is characterized in that 50 to 200 g, preferably 75 to 125 g, the fixed combination and / or the solid mixture (solid mixture) of the agent as defined above in an amount of the aqueous solvent, preferably water, based on 1000 g of total solution dissolved.

A solution of the above-described type of solid combination and / or of the solid mixture (solid combination or mixture) of component A of the composition containing the defined amount of the flame-retardant and / or fire-protecting solid in 1 l of the aqueous solvent is thus used. preferably water, prepared in solution.

Optionally, the respective dissolution process is assisted by heating. Thus, e.g. the mixing together of the constituents expediently while heating to a temperature up to about 60 ° C. Boiling or boiling of the solvent is considered inappropriate (energy expenditure and solvent loss). Suitable stirrers can support the dissolution process in a conventional manner. The final solution of the agent of the invention is applied to the material, e.g. by pouring, spraying or brushing, or it is soaked, dipped or mixed with the finished solution, or introduced in this way already in the production of the material in this.

In the application, the composition according to the invention is allowed to act and / or draw in a customary time for the respective material and can then be applied to the flame-resistant and / or fire-protected material or product (product, composite material, composite material, insulating material, Building material, etc.).

The compositions according to the invention are distinguished from the compositions known in the prior art by surprising improvements and effects. Thus, the skilled person did not discern the advantageous effect of the ingredient alkali metal chloride, more preferably sodium chloride, from the prior art or there was no evidence from which it would have been suggested for the addition of alkali chloride, more preferably sodium chloride. This applies in particular to the compositions according to the invention which are free from urea, or to compositions according to the invention which contain comparatively little urea and also no other plasticizers. In addition, it has also been shown that for these alkali metal chloride, particularly preferably sodium chloride, containing inventive agents, the amounts ranges and ratios described herein are advantageous, for. also by being able to be combined in a variety of ways with the materials to be treated described herein.

As previously mentioned, the invention has a number of advantages over the prior art, some of which are further exemplified and exemplified. The ingredients and composition of the invention have no environmentally hazardous properties. Smoke and exhaust gases that are produced during the combustion of the invention are not polluting. Materials and fabrics wetted by the invention or soaked in the invention are not affected by premature deterioration or degradation, i. the invention has no effect on the original properties of the material and / or substance to be protected.

Another advantage is that the components of the invention are easy and inexpensive to purchase, and the production of the flame retardant and / or fire retardant is simple and achieves high production rates.

With minor modifications of the formula of the composition of the invention, it is possible to achieve a reduction in the flammability and / or flammability of other industrial products such as wood, paper and other pulps.

The flammability and / or flammability of fabrics, textiles, fibers and fabrics can be reduced immediately by simply soaking them in an aqueous solution according to the invention or applying them.

The composition of the invention leaves no undesirable traces on the treated materials and / or fabrics.

It is also possible to prepare an aqueous solution with the composition of the invention in the form of a spray, with which one can achieve a temporary non-flammable effect, which can be wiped off or washed off again if desired.

The quality of a treated material and / or substance remains unchanged and is not adversely affected.

A further advantage of the invention is that it can be used in versatile industries and products and, if desired, a temporary or permanent effect can be achieved. The non-flammable effect of treated textiles disappears completely by washing, but with dry cleaning the effect is retained.

Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention can be taken from the following examples and the claims. All features described in the description, the following examples and the claims can be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination with one another.

Examples

In the following, the mode of operation of the invention will now be described in more detail by means of examples, but without wishing to restrict the scope of the invention in this regard. The scope of the invention is defined in the claims and is supported by the above detailed description. The examples serve for further explanation.

To facilitate the mixing of the compositions in the following examples it is recommended to heat the water to about 60 ° C.

Example 1: Flame retardant

Composition in dry form (powder) for aqueous solvent, in particular for water, to 1000 g of total solution; with sum borax and boric acid to 95 g: borax 30 to 65-70 g boric acid 30 to 65-70 g Sodium chloride (NaCl) up to less than 5 g (max. <5% by weight) urea 0 to 5 g

Example 2: Flame retardant

Composition in dry form (powder) for aqueous solvent, in particular for water, to 1000 g of total solution; with sum borax and boric acid to 100 g: borax 35 to 55 g boric acid 35 to 55 g Sodium chloride (NaCl) up to less than 5 g.

Example 3: Flame retardant

Composition in dry form (powder) for aqueous solvent, in particular for water, to 1000 g of total solution; with sum borax and boric acid to 100 g. borax 35 to 55 g boric acid 35 to 55 g Sodium chloride (NaCl) 5 g (4.76% by weight)

Example 4: Flame retardant

Composition in dry form (powder) for aqueous solvent, in particular for water, to 1000 g of total solution; with sum borax and boric acid to 100 g. borax 45 to 55 g boric acid 45 to 55 g Sodium chloride (NaCl) up to less than 5 g (4.76% by weight)

Example 5: Flame retardant

Composition in dry form (powder) for aqueous solvent, in particular for water, to 1000 g of total solution; with sum borax and boric acid to max. 95g: borax 45 to 55 g boric acid 45 to 55 g Sodium chloride (NaCl) up to less than 5 g (max. <5% by weight)

Example 6: Flame retardant

Composition in dry form (powder) for aqueous solvent, in particular for water, to 1000 g of total solution; with sum borax and boric acid to 100 g: borax 30 to 70 g boric acid 30 to 70 g Sodium chloride (NaCl) up to 3 g (max. <2.91% by weight)

Example 7a: Further flame retardants analogous to Example 6

Example no. Borax (g) Boric acid (g) NaCl (g) NaCl (wt%) 7a 60 40 4 3.85 7b 40 60 4 3.85 7c 60 40 3 2.91 7d 40 60 3 2.91 7e 60 40 2 1.96 7f 40 60 2 1.96 7g 54 44 2 2.0 7h 54.5 44 1.5 1.5 7i 55 45 1 0.99 7y 45 55 1 0.99 7k 55 44 1 1.0 44 55 1 1.0 7l 55 44.5 0.5 0.5 7m 54.5 45 0.5 0.5 7n 55 44.9 0.1 0.1

Example 7b: Further flame retardants with expanded graphite and borax

Providing a paint (paint) containing expandable graphite and borax, comprising, in each case based on the entire expandable graphite-containing material and / or product as 100 wt .-%, not more than 45 wt .-% expandable graphite and borax up to 15 wt .-%.

Provision of a paint containing graphite and borax, comprising, based on the total expandable graphite-containing material and / or product, as 100% by weight, 0.1 to 45% by weight expandable graphite and borax 0.1 to 15 wt .-%. Providing a paint (paint) containing expandable graphite and borax, comprising, based in each case on the entire expandable graphite-containing material and / or product as 100 wt .-%, 0.1 to 25 wt .-% expandable graphite and borax 1 to 10 wt. -%.

Providing a paint (paint) containing expanded graphite and borax, e.g. in any of the preceding compositions, further containing an alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in an amount of less than 5% by weight, preferably in an amount of from 0.1 to 5% by weight.

Example 8: Flame retardant application

The flame retardants of Examples 1 to 7 show excellent flame and fire protection effect, especially in wood or paper-like materials, in the test with a gas burner (flame heat, possibly adjustable, between 350 to about 1000 ° C). Flame formation is prevented by the agent, and if, however, an initial slight flame formation occurs under the action of the gas burner, the flame extinguishes very quickly and can not sustain itself.

Example 9: Flame Retardant Applications Blähqraphit - Holzfaserdämmplatten-Versuch

Example 9a:

In a first experiment, wood fibers were filled in a concrete mixer and initially sprayed with the flame retardant (boric acid / borax / salt) and then sprayed with a PMDI binder (formaldehyde-free binder with very little amount used, previously in the prior art urea). After sufficient mixing, the treated wood fibers were pressed under high pressure and temperature to Holzfaserdämmplatten. The produced cellulose / wood fiber boards did not burn off rapidly despite 10 minutes of flame but only very slowly by internal afterglow, which is caused by the stored internal ignition temperature and the oxygen present. This phenomenon is the actual main problem, which is why such prior art wood fiber insulation board does not achieve a fire certification (B1).

Example 9b:

In another experiment, the PMDI was blended with two different fire retardants. Since the PMDI reacted with water and contained water contained in both fire retardants, these attempts were unsuccessful. From the experiments, it was hypothesized that boric acid from the fire retardants protects the wood fibers well and thus afterglowed the PMDI. Therefore, additional phosphonate-based fire retardants were applied, but this was also unsuccessful.

Example 9c:

Further experiments with different mixture variants of fire retardants were intensified and carried out in a similar manner to the above failed attempts experiments: wood fibers were in concrete mixer with 20 wt .-% boric acid flame retardant and 5 wt .-% phosphonate-based flame retardant and 0.3 wt. -% PMDI sprayed, mixed and pressed under pressure and temperature to wood fiber boards. However, the wood fibers were too wet, could therefore hardly stick together, and yet they glowed in the fire / flame test, and even after complete drying it was still glowing.

Example 9d:

The above failed attempts were modified to give experiments according to the invention. Two representative experiments were carried out for this purpose:

Inventive experiment 1: 500 g of wood fibers were filled with 12% residual moisture in a concrete mixer, then 120 g of expandable graphite (is possible with less and more, especially in the range 1 wt .-% - 60 wt .-% based on the amount by weight of wood fibers than 100% by weight) and mixed for 5 min. There were then sprayed on 0.3 wt .-% PMDI (based on treated wood fibers as 100 wt .-%), The mix was poured into a mold and pressed with 170 tons at 200 ° C. The wood fiber board product obtained had the strength required for practical use. After 10 minutes of flaming, no burning and no afterglow were observed, the temperature of the burning area dropped abruptly. Expanded graphite had an intimate effect, bloated at the point of burning, prevented the ignition of the cellulose, left no temperature in the wood interior, extinguished immediately after removal of the flame, and did not burn. Thus, the expanded graphite-protected wood fiber board product according to the present invention has fire protection properties for at least a B1 certificate.

Experiment 2 according to the invention: wood fibers were introduced into boric acid / borax / salt solution or completely soaked, in an amount as described in the general part of the application. These treated wood fibers were allowed to dry again, they were poured into a concrete mixer and sprayed with 0.3% by weight PMDI (based on treated wood fibers as 100% by weight), then placed in a mold and 170 tons at 200 ° C compressed. The strength of the fiberboard obtained was also very good, it did not burn on flaming, the fire area radiated after flaming still a little temperature, but the afterglow was very low, and after no later than 20 min. No afterglow was observed, the temperature decreased, any embers observed during flame extinguishment were completely extinguished.

Example 10:

In insulation, wall coverings and floor coverings, for example in the form of foam, press, felt, nonwoven and / or composite (pre) products, consisting of or comprising wood and / or cellulose fibers and binders and / or glues and / or polymer-based substances, eg Polyolefin-based fabrics of the type described above, the use of expanded graphite has proven to be very beneficial.

The invention can therefore be for the embodiments relating to materials and / or (pre-) products consisting of in particular binder and / or glues containing wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers and / or wood powders and / or cellulose powders and / or wood granules and / or cellulose granules or comprise, and / or consisting of or comprising polymer-based substances, eg Polyolefin-based materials of the type described above, are carried out by incorporating directly into these materials and / or (pre) products to reduce the flammability and / or flammability, in particular as a flame retardant and / or fire retardant, expandable graphite. For example, a possibly fillers (eg talc, kaolin) and possibly additionally a combination and / or a mixture Bs / Bx / S containing, expandable graphite-containing composition on a treated or untreated foam, press, felt, nonwoven and / or composite (pre-) product (or carrier formed therefrom) as a powder and / or granules and / or, if present as a solution or emulsion or suspension, are also sprayed, the coating thus obtained melted, possibly also under surface pressure or surface pressing, and / or dried, for example. At temperatures of eg about> 200 ° C, for application and extrusion process can be used.

The use of expanded graphite in the described materials and / or (pre-) products makes it possible, in the case of (vertical) edge firing, to fuse or drop by fusing the e.g. binder and / or glue contained in wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers and / or wood powders and / or cellulose powders and / or wood granules and / or cellulose granules, and in particular of polymer-based substances contained in the materials and / or (pre-) products , eg Polyolefin-based substances, such as in particular polyethylene, polypropylene and / or polystyrene, effectively prevent and thus prevent the formation of flame and the spread of a fire, but at least to complicate a sufficient period of time so far.

Example 11: Flame retardant application in paints

Commercially available hydrous colors, e.g. Lucite ©, Silicate Color © (for outdoor use, exterior facades) mixed only with boric acid and borax (50% borax + 50% boric acid) and a result could be achieved. For primers, e.g. Lucite SilicateFix © had no chance to achieve a breakable result. The results were not good, but still better than without mixing.

In further trials, these paints and primers (both waterborne) were blended with only expandable graphite. The results were very good and not much expanded graphite was needed for a visible effect. But it can - especially for flame and fire protection paints (- paints) up to 40% Blähgrafit, or possibly even more, are added.

As with boric acid and borax in normal paints and primers there was no chance of effectively improving flame and fire protection, additional material (wood and several containers for the different mixtures) was used for further experiments, thus achieving the present inventive results.

The used colors (wood colors, Hydrostop, weather protection) were treated only with Blähgrafit and achieved good to very good results. Particularly good results resulted in colors for weather protection. In the primers, the results were also very good. If in addition boric acid and borax and salt is mixed, the results can be partially improved in wood colors. This is especially true in the case that the colors are no longer very liquid, but can be made firmer, for example, to avoid settling or Blähgrafit at least reduce. This can be achieved by means of suitable dispersants, which are generally compatible with expandable graphite.

The results show that with the use according to the invention of expandable graphite many types of paints can be produced for protection against fire or fire retardation.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102015119558 [0008, 0091, 0092, 0093, 0094, 0095, 0096, 0101, 0113, 0118, 0125]
• DE 102017100313 [0008]

Claims (10)

A paint containing expanded graphite, and optionally containing borax, and / or products based thereon, and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith, and / or materials and / or products treated therewith and / or precursors. Use of expandable graphite, and optionally borax, to reduce the flammability and / or flammability, in particular use as a flame retardant and / or fire retardant, for paints and / or based thereon products and their precursors and / or intermediates, including composite materials and / or composite materials therewith, in particular with materials and / or products and / or precursors consisting of wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers and / or wood powders and / or cellulose powders and / or wood granules and / or cellulose granules and / or polymer-based materials, eg Polyolefin-based materials, or comprise, in particular for binders and / or glues and / or polymer-based substances, e.g. Polyolefin-based materials containing materials and / or products and / or precursors, preferably for insulation (wall, floor, ceiling) and / or for floor coverings and wall coverings, and wherein the amount of expandable graphite in the expandable graphite-containing, and optionally borax -containing paints and products based thereon and their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith, up to 60% by weight, based on the material used for paints and products based thereon and their precursors and / or intermediates, but preferably not more than 45 wt .-% based on the total expandable graphite-containing material as 100 wt .-%, is. Paint (paints) containing expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and / or products based thereon, and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith, and / or materials and / or products treated therewith, and / or precursors, according to Claim 1 ; or using expanded graphite Claim 2 in combination with a further agent for reducing the flammability and / or flammability of materials and / or products, in particular as flame retardants and / or flame retardants, in each case based on the entire expandable graphite-containing material and / or product as 100% by weight (i) not more than 45% by weight of expandable graphite; and (ii) as the further agent up to 15% by weight of a combination and / or a mixture of Bs / Bx / S, in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100% by weight. containing or consisting of: e) from 30 to 70% by weight of boric acid; f) from 30 to 70% by weight of borax; g) an alkali chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in an amount of less than 5% by weight; and h) if desired, urea up to 5% by weight. Paint (paints) containing expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and / or products based thereon, and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith, and / or materials and / or products treated therewith, and / or precursors, according to Claim 1 ; or use after Claim 2 , wherein the means for reducing the flammability and / or combustibility, in particular flame retardants and / or fire retardants, comprising or consisting of a combination of (i) expandable graphite in an amount not more than 45 wt .-%, with a (i) as further agent up to 15 wt .-% of an inorganic flame retardant and / or fire retardant, containing or consisting of a combination and / or a mixture Bs / Bx / S, each based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100 wt. -%. e) 30 to 70% by weight of boric acid; f) from 30 to 70% by weight of borax; g) an alkali chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in an amount of less than 5% by weight; and h) if desired, urea up to 5% by weight. Paint (paints) containing expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and / or products based thereon, and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith, and / or materials and / or products treated therewith, and / or precursors, according to Claim 4 or use after Claim 4 , where the agent after Claim 4 , further characterized in that it is in solid form, preferably as a powder, pellet or granules. Paint (paints) containing expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and / or products based thereon, and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith, and / or materials and / or products treated therewith, and / or precursors, according to Claim 4 or use after Claim 4 , where the agent after Claim 4 , characterized in that the alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in an amount of less than 4.5 wt .-%, preferably in an amount of less than 4 wt .-%, more preferably in an amount of up to 3.5 wt .-%, in particular in an amount of up to 3 wt .-%, is present; in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100 wt .-%. Paint (paints) containing expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and / or products based thereon, and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith, and / or materials and / or products treated therewith, and / or precursors, according to Claim 4 or use after Claim 4 , where the agent after Claim 4 , further characterized in that the alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in an amount of up to 2.5 wt .-%, in particular in an amount of up to 2 wt .-%, and preferably in an amount of up to 1.5 Wt .-%, in particular in an amount of up to 1 wt .-%; in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100 wt .-%. Paint (paints) containing expandable graphite, and optionally borax, and / or products based thereon, and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith, and / or materials and / or products treated therewith, and / or precursors, according to Claim 4 or use after Claim 4 , where the means according to one of the preceding Claims 4 to 7 , further characterized in that the minimum content of alkali metal chloride, preferably sodium chloride, at 0.1 wt .-%, preferably at 0.2 or 0.3 or 0.4 wt .-%, more preferably at 0.5 wt. % lies; in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100 wt .-%. Materials and / or products and / or precursors consisting of wood fibers and / or cellulose fibers and / or wood powders and / or cellulose powders and / or wood granules and / or cellulose granules, and / or polymer-based materials, such as polyolefin-based materials or these include, in particular binders and / or glues and / or polymer-based substances, such as polyolefin-based materials containing materials and / or products and / or precursors, preferably for insulation (wall, floor, ceiling) and / or for Floor coverings and wall coverings, these materials and / or products and / or precursors, including composites and / or composites therewith, a paint (paint) containing expandable graphite, and optionally containing borax, and / or a product based thereon and / or their Vor and / or intermediates, treated materials and / or products and / or precursors; wherein preferably the paint (paint) containing expandable graphite and / or a product based thereon and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, as in one of Claims 3 to 7 is defined; and more preferably wherein the said materials and / or products and / or precursors are characterized as follows: A) in these materials and / or (pre-) products for the reduction of flammability and / or flammability, in particular as flame retardants and / or fire retardants, Expandable graphite in the expandable graphite-containing, and optionally borax-containing, materials and / or products up to 60 wt .-% based on the material and / or (pre) product and / or precursor, but preferably not more than 45 wt .-% based on the total expandable graphite-containing material and / or (pre-) product as 100 wt .-% incorporated; B) expanded graphite in combination with a further agent for reducing the flammability and / or flammability of materials and / or products, in particular as flame retardants and / or fire retardants, comprising, based on the total expandable graphite-containing material and / or product as 100 wt %, wherein (i) not more than 45% by weight of expandable graphite; and (ii) as the further agent up to 15% by weight of a combination and / or of a mixture Bs / Bx / S, in each case based on the combination and / or the mixture as 100% by weight. containing or consisting of: e) from 30 to 70% by weight of boric acid; f) from 30 to 70% by weight of borax; g) an alkali chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in an amount of less than 5% by weight; and h) if desired, urea up to 5% by weight; is incorporated. A paint containing expanded graphite and borax, and / or products based thereon, and / or their precursors and / or intermediates, including composites and / or composites therewith, and / or materials and / or products treated therewith and / or intermediates; preferably comprising, based on the total expandable graphite-containing material and / or product as 100 wt .-%, not more than 45 wt .-% expandable graphite and borax up to 15 wt .-%; optionally further containing an alkali chloride, preferably sodium chloride, in an amount of less than 5 wt .-%, preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt .-%.