EP2245377B1 - Building with a ventilation system and method for upgrading an existing building to such a building - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a building with a ventilation system with multiple channels for loading and / or venting rooms of a building. In this case, at least one first and one second air distribution point and at least one channel connecting them can be provided for supplying and / or discharging air in at least two rooms of a building in a supply space, while in a further space at least one second channel is provided, which is provided with the second air distribution point and possibly a further air distribution point is fluidly connected. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for equipping a building with a ventilation system.

Known distribution systems for fresh air in homes and dwellings are differentiated according to two different concepts: Either round tubes are used, which are laid in a suspended ceiling or in a wall cladding, or it can be used flat channels, which can be laid below a finished floor (screed). In this case, air distribution systems are used on a case by case basis, which also allow individual regulation of the individual air duct strands.

However, for the renovation of old buildings, these known concepts are either unsuitable for various reasons or at least associated with a lot of effort. Thus, the visible installation of such Luftverteilsysteme in living spaces is visually distracting. Further speak also technical reasons, such as the space requirements of such channels and / or panels against the use of these known concepts in the renovation of old buildings. Next is the concealed installation of such channels by slitting walls and Floors associated with high effort. The same applies to the insertion of a suspended ceiling.

From the DE 43 43 759 A1 a ventilation arrangement is known, which has a arranged in the ceiling region of the respective space collection channel, which is provided over its entire length with a channel opening, in which separators, Verschließblenden or the like can be used detachably.

In the FR 2 361 511 A For heating a room, it is proposed to form the walls of the room with spaced-apart layers so that a space is created between these layers, through which used air can be led to an air outlet. As a result, the heat contained in the exhaust air to be delivered to the wall. Due to the multilayer wall structure, this system is not suitable for retrofitting existing buildings. In addition, the space required by the multi-layer wall construction space is considered disadvantageous.

From the WO 95/10739 A1 is a ventilation system is known, which has spaces below the floor for ventilation and ventilation. These intermediate spaces are each connected to a plurality of air outlets or exhaust air inlets. Due to the multi-layered floor structure, this system is not suitable for retrofitting existing buildings. In addition, the space required by the multi-layer floor construction space requirement is perceived as disadvantageous.

The DE 38 02 583 A1 describes a window or door frame with hollow chamber profiles, which are designed as the window or the door annular surrounding Zuluft- or exhaust air ducts. Due to the heat exchange between the supply air and the exhaust air, the frame as a convection recuperator should achieve a ventilation of a room.

Object of the present invention is to develop a ventilation system of the type mentioned in such a way that it is suitable for retrofitting in old buildings with minimal space requirements and low installation costs.

This object is achieved by a building according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 11. According to the invention, it is provided that at least one of the channels, preferably a plurality of channels, of the ventilation system (in each case) is designed as an annular channel with two partial flow channels connected in parallel with respect to flow. Since the volume flow required for the ventilation can be divided between the two parallel sub-channels of the annular channel, each of these sub-channels can be configured with a comparatively small cross-section, so that these lines (sub-channels) save space in the corner or edge, for example between Lay the wall and ceiling. The above-described disadvantages of the known systems are consequently avoided with the ventilation system according to the invention. At the same time an optimal distribution of fresh air is ensured on different rooms of an apartment or part of a large apartment in Geschosswohungsbau. It is particularly advantageous that the assembly can be carried out in the inhabited state due to the low structural complexity, since the relatively small lines or sub-channels need not be laid consuming in the wall. Furthermore, according to the invention, a ventilation device connected in flow-connected manner with the at least one annular channel is provided in a supply space, which is connected to at least one supply air source and / or one exhaust air sink. In a central space, a Verteilerringkanal is provided which has at least three air distribution points.

Unlike the one from the above DE 43 43 759 A1 known ventilation arrangement are the invention However, (ring) channels preferably modularly constructed from closed pipes and corresponding fittings for plug connection, that is, without a over the entire length extending channel opening.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one of the channels is designed as an annular channel, that between two air distribution points, that is, for example, between a ventilation device and a control distribution element or a connecting element, to be conveyed air stream can be divided into two partial streams, by two parallel connected sections of the annular channel are durchleitbar. In other words, the air flow to be conveyed through a duct is divided into two partial flows, conducted in these two partial flows, for example below the ceiling, and brought together again in the second air distribution point.

It is preferred if a plurality of annular channels are provided, which are each assigned to different rooms of a building. It is particularly preferred if in each of the rooms of the building to be vented or vented, at least one annular channel is arranged, which is in flow communication with one or more of the annular channels of the other rooms.

For this purpose, a central space, for example, the hallway or the corridor of a dwelling, be provided with an annular channel, which is designed as a Verteilerringkanal and has at least three air distribution points. Thus, fresh air can be forwarded, for example from a supply room via a ring channel in the Verteilerringkanal in the hallway or the like., From which are connected via further air distribution points ring channels in the adjoining the hallway rooms. To supply an apartment or a building with fresh air and dissipate used air, a supply room is provided in which a ventilation unit is arranged with at least a supply air line and / or an exhaust air line is connected or communicates with the environment as fresh air source and Abluftsenke. This ventilation unit forms a first air distribution point. As a second air distribution point, a connection element, for example a T-shaped control distribution element, may be provided for connecting two ring channels. The supply room in which the first annular channel is laid, is expediently a wet room, such as the bathroom, the kitchen or a toilet.

Further air distribution points in the sense of the present invention can also be air inlets or outlets, which can be integrated in the annular channels in order to remove used air from the rooms or to deliver fresh air into them. For this purpose, the ventilation system according to the invention is preferably modular and consists of a variety of plug-in elements or fittings, such as adapters, sheet and distributor or T-pieces. These elements and fittings can be integrated at a suitable location in the lines of the ring channels in order to make at the respectively optimal location a ventilation or vent.

In order to allow venting of some rooms, such as the damp rooms, and a simultaneous ventilation of other rooms, such as living rooms or bedrooms, it is preferred if in the supply room at least one annular channel for supplying fresh air from the ventilation unit and at least one further annular channel for discharging are provided by spent air in the ventilation unit. Depending on the location and layout of the rooms of the building also other rooms can be equipped with a ring channel for the supply of fresh air and a ring channel for the discharge of spent air.

The channel dimensions are preferably coordinated so that in relation to the expected length of the respective annular channel and each Through the annular channel to conductive volume flow a total of the least possible air resistance arises. The air volume flow to be conducted through the first annular channel, which is directly connected to the ventilation device, is greater than or equal to the air volume flow in the downstream annular channels. This (total) air volume flow is divided at a Einspeiseverteilstück the ventilation unit on two individual volume flows, which are distributed in each case in one of the two loop directions. This significantly reduces air resistance and air velocity in the respective air ducts. As a result, the dimensioning of the first annular channel can be reduced accordingly, which only allows the requirement of a visual assembly in the room or wall area.

According to the invention, further annular channels of other rooms are connected to the first annular channel, which is connected directly to the ventilation unit. The air volume flow to be distributed by these other annular channels is at most equal to the (total) air volume flow, which is passed through the first annular channel. When a plurality of ring channels are connected in series one behind the other, preferably the line cross section of the ring channel closer to the ventilation device is greater than or equal to the line cross section of the ring channel connected to it and further away from the ventilation device. As a result, it can be achieved that only slightly larger lines are used in the supply room, for example the toilet, a bathroom or the kitchen, the total air volume flow to be distributed, wherein in these rooms anyway lower optical requirements are placed, while in living rooms only comparatively small dimensions Channels must be used.

For covering the pipelines of the channels suitable profiles can be used, which may already be part of the pipe or the fittings according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. in this connection can be used for different designs of profiles from "stucco" to "modern". The ring channels can be fixed by means of special brackets in the ceiling edge area. These brackets are preferably also at the same time the attachment of a display panel, for example, based on an L-shaped screen profile for the Luftringkanal itself or channel fittings or T-shaped control distribution elements.

In a building according to the invention, in which several rooms are equipped with a ventilation system of the type mentioned above, at least one annular channel is arranged running in an edge between a wall and the ceiling and / or an edge between a wall and the room floor. A connecting element, which can be formed from second T-shaped control distribution elements, is designed as a passageway penetrating a wall between two adjacent spaces.

The ventilation system according to the invention is particularly suitable for retrofitting in existing buildings, eg. As part of a refurbishment.

The invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment and with reference to the drawing. The single figure shows schematically a ventilation system according to the invention in a building.

In the illustrated embodiment, the building consists of a corridor 1 with an entrance area 2 and from the hall 1 branches off other rooms. These are the bathroom 3, the kitchen 4, the living room 5 and two bedrooms 6 and 7. For ventilation of the rooms of the building a ventilation device 8 is provided in the bathroom 3, which with not shown supply air and exhaust air ducts or the environment is connected.

In the bathroom 3, a first vent ring channel 9 is provided, which branches off via a not-shown feed-in distribution in or on the ventilation unit 8 in two directions, forming a closed ring. Within the vent ring channel 9, a connecting element 10 is provided in the wall connecting the bathroom 3 with the kitchen 4, which is formed for example of two T-shaped Regelverteilerelementen that form a going through this wall line.

In the kitchen 4, a further vent ring channel 11 is provided, which is also split from the connecting element 10, starting in two forming a closed ring sub-channels. The vent ring channel 11 is thus connected via the vent ring channel 9 with the ventilation unit 8 in flow communication. Both in the bathroom 12 and in the kitchen 4 in each case an air inlet 12 is indicated in the first vent ring channel 9 and the further vent ring channel 11, via which spent air can be sucked into the vent ring channels 9 and 11 and the ventilation unit 8 supplied.

Similarly, in the bathroom 3, a first ventilation ring channel 13 is formed, which in turn is split by means of a feed distributor on or in the ventilation unit 8 into two sub-channels which define the ring channel. In the bathroom 3 with the corridor 1 connecting wall, a connecting element 10 is provided, which connects the first ventilation ring channel 13 with a Verteilerringkanal 14, which is provided in the corridor 1.

From the Verteilerringkanal 14 branch off in turn via further connecting elements 10 further ventilation ring channels 15, 16 and 17, which are provided in the living room 5, the bedroom 6 and the bedroom 7. The further ventilation ring channels 15, 16 and 17 are each with one or provided a plurality of outlets 18, via which fresh air can be discharged into the respective rooms.

Since the air volume flow, which is to be delivered via the further ventilation ring channels 15, 16 and 17, is comparatively small, the line sections of these ventilation ring channels 15, 16, 17 can be made comparatively small in size. By contrast, the total air volume flow for the ventilation of the rooms is conducted both via the distributor ring channel 14 and via the first ventilation ring channel 13. The channel elements of the first ventilation ring channel 13 and the distributor ring channel 14 are therefore expediently larger in size than the further ventilation ring channels 15, 16 and 17.

Accordingly, the further venting ring channel 11 for the kitchen 4 can be made smaller than the first venting ring channel 9, which runs in the bathroom 3 and must absorb both the extracted from the bathroom 3 and 4 from the kitchen air.

The design of the air ducts as ring channels is based on the idea according to the invention of dividing the total air volume flow into two air volume flows so as to achieve smaller pressure losses and smaller air duct cross sections. The air inlets and outlets can be designed for this purpose as separate components and expediently be docked to the ring channel system. This is usually done only downstream of the T-shaped control distribution elements, which are integrated into the ring channels and establish a connection between the individual ring channels.

Here, a main ring channel, for example, the Verteilerringkanal 14, serve exclusively as an air distributor, so do not have an air inlet or air outlet at the same time. The distribution ring channel 14 is particularly efficient for air distribution because it is placed inside the building such that This any other area or space to be supplied can be supplied via the connecting elements 10 formed from the T-shaped control distribution elements.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1. 1 hallway
2. 2 entrance area
3. 3 bathrooms
4. 4 kitchen
5. 5 living rooms
6. 6 bedrooms
7. 7 bedrooms
8. 8 ventilation unit
9. 9 first vent ring channel
10. 10 connection element (T-shaped control distribution elements)
11. 11 further vent ring channel
12. 12 air intake
13. 13 first ventilation ring channel
14. 14 distribution ring channel
15. 15 more ventilation ring channel
16. 16 more ventilation ring channel
17. 17 more ventilation ring channel
18. 18 outlet

Claims (11)

1. A building with several rooms (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) and with a ventilation system for aeration and venting of the rooms (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), wherein the ventilation system comprises several flow linked channels (9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17) for aeration and venting of the rooms (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), wherein at least one, particularly several, of the channels is a ring channel (13) formed with two fluidically connected parallel subchannels, whereby a ventilation device (8) is provided in a supply room (3) which is fluidically connected with the at least one ring channel (13) and which constitutes a first air distribution point and is connected to at least one supply air source and/or a exhaust air sink, and wherein a distributor ring channel (14) is provided in a central room, comprising at least three air distribution points (10), by which the distributor ring channel (14) is fluidically connected with channels (9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17) for aeration and venting of the rooms (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), and wherein in the supply room (3) as second air distribution point (10) a connection element (10) is provided for connecting the at least one ring channel (13) with the distributor ring channel (14).
2. Building according to claim 1, wherein in the supply room (3) at least the first and the second air distribution point (8, 10 ,12, 18) and at least the ring channel (9, 13) connecting these are provided, characterized in that at least the ring channel (13) and/or the distribution ring channel (14) are constituted as a ring channel (13, 14) such that an air stream to be conveyed between two air distribution points (8, 10, 12, 18) can be separated in two sub-streams which can be passed through two parts of the ring channel (13, 14) arranged in parallel.
3. Building according to claim 2, characterized in that the several ring channels (9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17) are each assigned to different rooms (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) of a building.
4. Building according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that at least one of the ring channels is constituted as a distributor ring channel (14) comprising at least three air distribution points (10).
5. Building according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the channels or ring channels (9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17) comprises at least one air inlet or outlet (12, 18) as air distribution point.
6. Building according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that at least a ring channel (13) for the supply of and at least one ring channel (9) for the discharge of air is provided in at least one supply room (3).
7. Building according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that several ring channels (9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17) are subsequently arranged in series, wherein preferably the conduit cross-section of the ring channel lying next to the ventilation device (8) is larger or equal to the conduit cross-section of the connected ring channel (11, 15, 16, 17) lying further away from the ventilation device (8).
8. Building according to any preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the channels (9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17) is covered with a profiled element.
9. Building according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one ring channel (9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17) runs in an edge between a wall and a ceiling of the room and/or in an edge between the wall and the floor of the room.
10. Building according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one connection element (10) is constituted as a passage channel penetrating a wall between two adjacent rooms (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7).
11. Method in particular for retrofitting a building to a building according to any of the claims 1 to 10, wherein at least in some of the rooms (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) each of the at least one ring channel (9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17) is laid in an edge between a wall and the ceiling of the room and/or in an edge between a wall and the floor of the room and is directly or indirectly connected with the venting device (8).

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