EP2243599A2 - Vis à percussion et procédé de commande pour une vis à percussion - Google Patents

Vis à percussion et procédé de commande pour une vis à percussion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2243599A2
EP2243599A2 EP10158723A EP10158723A EP2243599A2 EP 2243599 A2 EP2243599 A2 EP 2243599A2 EP 10158723 A EP10158723 A EP 10158723A EP 10158723 A EP10158723 A EP 10158723A EP 2243599 A2 EP2243599 A2 EP 2243599A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
speed
drive shaft
impact
impact wrench
beating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10158723A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2243599B1 (fr
EP2243599A3 (fr
Inventor
Dieter Profunser
Peter Brugger
Jochen Kuntner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hilti AG
Original Assignee
Hilti AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hilti AG filed Critical Hilti AG
Publication of EP2243599A2 publication Critical patent/EP2243599A2/fr
Publication of EP2243599A3 publication Critical patent/EP2243599A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2243599B1 publication Critical patent/EP2243599B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B25B21/02—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose with means for imparting impact to screwdriver blade or nut socket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/1405—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers for impact wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/147—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for electrically operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/1475—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for electrically operated wrenches or screwdrivers for impact wrenches or screwdrivers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an impact wrench, in particular a tangential impact wrench, and a control method for an impact wrench.
  • a tangential impact wrench periodically provides, for a short time, a large tightening torque for tightening screw connections or for setting screw anchors.
  • a continuous lower torque is delivered, which must counteract the user or a stand.
  • the tangential impact wrench is suitable for use in a variety of materials of varying hardness, for example in stone, concrete, bricks, sand-lime brick, aerated concrete.
  • screws are used so far that the screw head rests against a substrate (workpiece). The screw must not be turned any further as this will damage the screw or the substrate.
  • the screw head can be turned off, a round hole can be cut into the ground by the screw thread or the surface can be removed by the screw thread.
  • the EP 1 510 394 B1 describes an automated shutdown of an impact wrench.
  • the impact wrench monitors the applied tightening torque. If the tightening torque exceeds a threshold value to be set, a prime mover of the impact wrench is switched off.
  • the WO 2007/015661 A2 describes an automated shutdown of an impact wrench by measuring a rotation angle of the screw for each beat. If the angle of rotation falls below a threshold value, the screw is considered screwed in and the impact wrench is switched off.
  • DE 195 03 524 A1 describes a control method in which an initially output torque is kept lower than a required torque to prevent over-tightening of a screw. Subsequently, the torque is gradually increased in an iterative process.
  • EP 1 695 794 A2 describes an estimator which estimates torque transmitted to a screw.
  • the known methods require a determination of a threshold, which should be either fixed or set by a craftsman. In both cases, there is a risk that the threshold value for a substrate (workpiece) is improperly set.
  • An object is to provide an impact wrench and a control method for an impact wrench, which facilitates screwing a screw or other screw into a substrate only to a desired depth.
  • the control method according to the invention for an impact wrench uses the following steps: setting an operating mode for a predetermined duration, wherein during the predetermined duration a drive shaft is rotated in a low speed range, it is determined whether the impact wrench strikes, and the impact wrench in a soft material operating mode in which a rotational speed of the drive shaft is maintained in the low speed range when a low speed range shock fails, and the impact driver is switched to a hard material operating mode for which the rotational speed of the drive shaft is increased to a higher speed range; when hitting in the low speed range begins.
  • the control method described indirectly determines the properties of the ground and the torque output by the impact wrench is set based on the characteristics.
  • the method according to the invention determines the properties of the substrate indirectly via the behavior of the percussion mechanism. It was recognized that the onset of beating can be correlated with the properties of the subsurface.
  • a beating occurs only when a material of the ground is sufficiently hard. The material must be the tool or tool-coupled fastener, e.g. a screw, can hold at a low torque, so that a drive of impact wrench can store rotational energy in a buffer.
  • two impactors are deflected axially against each other against a spring force, if rotation of the impactor due to the material can not be synchronized with the drive. With a sufficient deflection, the two impactors are accelerated towards each other by the spring force. Due to a design of the impactors and possibly a backdrop at least part of the kinetic energy is converted to a torque on the ground upon impact. The initial deflection takes place only if the background of the spring force can sufficiently counteract.
  • the full power can be provided, for a soft ground, a low output or a low output torque can be maintained.
  • the screw is screwed in slower according to the ground and the screwing can be stopped at the headrest without significant rewinding.
  • the impact wrench comprises: a drive shaft, an output shaft, a percussion mechanism, in particular a tangential impactor which couples the drive shaft to the output shaft for transmitting torque, an evaluation device for determining whether the percussion mechanism strikes, and a control device for controlling a rotational speed of the drive shaft depending on whether a beating is determined.
  • One embodiment provides that independently a first rotational speed of the drive shaft of the impact wrench and a second rotational speed of an output shaft of the impact wrench are determined and a deviation of the first rotational speed from the second rotational speed is determined as a beating of the impact wrench.
  • the first speed of the drive shaft can be measured or alternatively determined from a speed of the prime mover.
  • the output shaft is only partially rotated by the output shaft, which can rotate continuously.
  • An embodiment provides that the beating is determined by detecting an acceleration in the direction of impact, detecting regular banging noises and / or by a contactless detection of a tangential movement of a beater of the impact wrench and determining the lower speed detecting a first rotational speed of a drive element and / or a second speed of a tool holder of the impact wrench at the onset of hitting includes.
  • the speed of the drive shaft is increased to a higher speed range when a strike occurs and maintained at a failure to hit the speed of the drive shaft in the low speed range.
  • the speed should not be increased in favor of a quick shutdown.
  • the speed is increased so that the striking mechanism can provide a high torque.
  • An embodiment provides that the impact wrench is switched to a soft material operating mode when low speed beating fails, and that the impact wrench is switched to a hard material operating mode when low speed beating is absent.
  • the drive shaft may be rotated for a predetermined duration in the low speed range and set for the predetermined duration of the operating mode. The determination of the operating modes can thus be made at the beginning of a screwing in, e.g. a screw, done.
  • the impact wrench may be a hand-held, a supported, hand-held or a stand-held, guided machine tool.
  • Embodiments of control methods for screwing are described below, by way of example for a tangential striking impact driver shown. However, the described setting methods can also be carried out with differently designed impact wrenches.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of a impact wrench.
  • a tool holder 2 is driven by an output shaft 3.
  • a prime mover 4 drives a drive shaft 5.
  • the prime mover 4 may be an electric motor, a pneumatic drive, etc. It may be advantageous to interpose between the prime mover 4 and the drive shaft 5, a transmission 6 for reducing the rotational speed of the drive shaft 5.
  • the drive shaft 5 is permanently rotated during operation about its longitudinal axis 7 in a direction of rotation 21.
  • the speed of the prime mover 4 can be controlled by a motor controller 33.
  • the motor controller 33 includes, for example, an inverter for a brushless electric motor serving as a prime mover 4.
  • the speed can be set by the user via an operating element 8. In a particular embodiment can also be provided that the reduction of the transmission 6 by the motor controller 33 is adjustable.
  • a striking mechanism 10 couples the drive shaft 5 to the output shaft 3. According to still different situations, the drive shaft 5 can transmit its torque continuously to the output shaft 3 or torque of the drive shaft 5 serves to wind a buffer, which in periodic shocks a higher torque on the Output shaft 3 transmits.
  • Fig. 2 is an exemplary impact mechanism 10 shown in longitudinal section.
  • the impact mechanism 10 includes an anvil 11, a rotor 12, a link 13 and a return spring 14.
  • the output shaft 3 is rotatably supported to the drive shaft 5.
  • the anvil 11 is rotatably connected to the output shaft 3, such that a transmitted to the anvil 11 angular momentum acts on the output shaft 3.
  • the anvil 11 has one or more projections 15.
  • Fig. 3 shows a plan view of the anvil 11 from the perspective of the drive shaft 5.
  • the projections 15 may have stop surfaces 16 which are oriented parallel or inclined to the longitudinal axis 7.
  • the rotor 12 is annular and pushed onto the drive shaft 5.
  • the rotor 12 can, guided by the drive shaft 5, move along the longitudinal axis 7.
  • the link 13 is formed on the surface of the drive shaft 5.
  • the gate 13 spirals spirally, the turn increases in the direction of rotation 21 of the drive to the anvil 11 out.
  • the rotor 12 engages in the slot 13. As soon as the rotor 12 moves along the longitudinal axis 7 in the direction 22 to the anvil 11, the rotor 12 is forced into a rotational movement 23 relative to the drive shaft 5. Similarly, the rotor 12 is forced to move along the longitudinal axis 7 as the rotor 12 rotates relative to the drive shaft 5.
  • At the periphery of the rotor 12 at least one hammer 18 is arranged.
  • the hammer 18 has a lateral abutment surface 19, which is formed in a form-fitting or at least partially positive fit to the abutment surfaces 16 of the anvil 11.
  • the rotor 12 and the anvil 11 may mesh with each other like a dog clutch or a slip clutch via the projections 15 and the hammers 18.
  • the rotor 12 can transmit its angular momentum or its torque to the anvil 11 and drive it.
  • the return spring 14 exerts a force on the rotor 12 in the direction 22 to the anvil 11. In an initial position of the impact wrench 1 of the rotor 12 therefore in engagement with the anvil 11th
  • the permanent rotation of the drive shaft 5 is transmitted via the connecting link 13 to the rotor 12. If the rotor 12 can rotate at the same speed, that is, no relative rotation to the drive shaft 5 executes, it remains in the starting position and is not forced to move along the drive shaft 5. However, in order for the rotor 12 to be able to follow the rotation, the rotor 12 must, among other things, also be able to rotate the anvil 11 against a torque applied by the ground. The torque applied by the substrate must not exceed a threshold value.
  • the threshold value for the torque is essentially a function of the spring force of Return spring 14, against which the rotor 12 would have to be deflected, the slope of the slide 13 and possibly the inclination of the stop surfaces 16, 19. These sizes are determined by the design of the striking mechanism 10.
  • the threshold value can be, for example, in the range of 1 Nm to 5 Nm or 2 Nm to 3 Nm.
  • the striking mechanism 10 proposes the striking mechanism 10.
  • a beat cycle of the impact wrench 1 is described starting from the starting position.
  • the rotor 12 is engaged with the anvil 11.
  • the rotor 12 is prevented by the anvil 11 from rotating synchronously with the drive shaft 5.
  • the link 13 now forces the rotor 12 to move along the longitudinal axis 7 out of engagement with the anvil 11.
  • the rotor 12 may rotate relative to the anvil 11 and to the drive shaft 5.
  • the anvil 11 and the hammer 12 come here again in a relative position in which they can interlock again.
  • the return spring 14 drives the rotor 12 back to the anvil 11. In this case, the rotor 12 is accelerated in the direction of the longitudinal axis 7.
  • the gate 13 forces the rotor 12 in a rotational movement 23, whereby the rotor 12 receives an angular momentum.
  • the rotational movement 23 is stopped by the lateral stop of the hammers 18 of the rotor 12 at the projections 15 of the anvil 11.
  • the angular momentum of the rotor 12 is transmitted to the anvil 11.
  • the system is back in the starting position and a new beating cycle begins.
  • the anvil 11 and the output shaft 3 rotate at a smaller angle than the rotor 12 and the drive shaft 5.
  • the rotor 12, driven by the drive shaft 5, rotates along the guide 13 and the anvil 11 stops.
  • a speed of the drive shaft 5 differs from a speed of the output shaft 3.
  • the speed of the drive shaft 5 may be greater than twice the speed of the output shaft 3 by more than twice.
  • the drive shaft 5 and output shaft 3 are rigidly coupled. Their respective speeds are the same. An impact cycle can be discriminated from non-impact operation based on the different speeds occurring at it.
  • an evaluation device 30 and means 31, 32 for determining the rotational speeds of the output shaft 3 and the drive shaft 5 are provided.
  • the evaluation device 30 compares the specific rotational speeds of the output shaft 3 and the drive shaft 5. If the two rotational speeds differ, Typically, by a factor greater than two, the evaluation device 30 recognizes this as a beating operation, otherwise as a non-beating operation.
  • the rotational speed of the output shaft 3 is determined by a rotational speed sensor 31.
  • the rotational speed sensor 31 may detect the rotational speed, for example optically or magnetically.
  • An optical speed sensor can detect markings on the output shaft 3 in reflection or via a light barrier. The markings may be formed by projections, depressions, bores, color, etc.
  • the output shaft 3 may have a non-circular cross-section, e.g. an elliptical, square or toothed cross-section.
  • a magnetic speed sensor detects a periodically changing magnetic flux due to the rotating output shaft 3.
  • the speed of the drive shaft 5 can also be determined via a speed sensor 32.
  • the evaluation device 30 communicates with a motor controller 33 to query or receive the current speed of the prime mover 4.
  • the speed of the drive shaft 5 can determine the evaluation device 30 from the requested speed of the prime mover 4 and, if present, the reduction of the transmission 7.
  • a user operates the system switch 9 of the impact wrench 1 to screw in a screw.
  • a sensor detects the operation of the system switch 9.
  • a control device 40 of the impact wrench 1 is activated.
  • the controller 40 instructs the engine controller 33 to accelerate a rotational speed N of the drive shaft 5 to a low rotational speed N1 within a low rotational speed range.
  • the low speed range can range from 10% to 50%, e.g. minimum 20%, maximum 40%, the nominal highest speed Nmax of the drive shaft 5 are.
  • the low speed N1 can be fixed.
  • a control element 8 may be provided which allows the user to set the low speed N1, e.g. in the range of 10% to 50% of the nominal highest speed Nmax of the drive shaft 5.
  • a second phase S2 the low speed N1 of the drive shaft 5 is maintained for a predetermined period of time T1.
  • a screw or anchor will be used during the Time T1 at low speed N1 screwed.
  • the time period T1 can be measured in seconds, or set indirectly over a number of turns of the anvil 11 or a screwing depth.
  • the low speed N1 of the drive shaft 5 can be compared with a speed M of the output shaft 3.
  • the rotational speed M can be determined during or subsequently to the second phase S2. If the two speeds are different, then there is a beating operation.
  • the evaluation of the rotational speeds and the checking whether a beating or non-beating operation is present can be carried out by the evaluation device 30. Alternatively, the presence of a beating can be determined on the basis of beating noises, typical beating acceleration values, etc.
  • the second phase S2 can also be ended before the expiration of the period T1, if hitting is already detected.
  • the evaluation device 30 can transmit a corresponding trigger signal to the control device 40 for terminating the second phase S2.
  • the evaluation device 30 instructs the control device 40 to control the percussion mechanism 10 via the prime mover 4 in accordance with a procedure for a hard surface (S4). Otherwise, the control device is to control the percussion mechanism 10 in accordance with a sequence for a soft background (S5).
  • S4, S5 are shown below.
  • the sequence for a soft material S5 initially provides in a third phase S6 to leave the rotational speed N of the drive shaft 5 at the low rotational speed N1.
  • the exemplary screw is thus only screwed.
  • the evaluation device 30 monitors whether hitting occurs during the third phase S6 (S7). For example, a subsurface may exert a higher torque on the anvil 11 due to a more deeply screwed or harder layers below the surface.
  • the evaluation device 30 instructs the control device 40 to increase the rotational speed to a middle rotational speed N2 in the middle rotational speed range in a fourth phase S8.
  • the middle speed range can For example, be between 35% to 75% of the nominal maximum speed Nmax, eg minimum 50%, maximum 60%.
  • the low speed N1 may differ from the average speed N2 by a factor of 2 to 10, eg 2 to 3.
  • the evaluation device 30 can monitor the impact behavior. Once suspension of beating is detected, the evaluation device 30 may instruct the controller 40 to drive the hammer mechanism again according to the third phase S6.
  • a shutdown of the prime mover 4 takes place from the third phase S6 and the fourth phase S8, when the screw is detected as being screwed.
  • This can be done by a variety of methods.
  • the rotational speed N of the drive shaft 5 or the rotational speed of the M of the output shaft 3 can be monitored.
  • an expected speed Navg or Mavg is determined, which can be, for example, as an average in a past interval of occurring speeds.
  • the speed N or M breaks.
  • the prime mover 4 is deactivated.
  • the process for a hard material S4 provides a fifth phase S9.
  • the rotational speed of the drive shaft 5 is accelerated to a high rotational speed N3 in a high rotational speed range.
  • the high speed range is between 50% and 100% of the nominal highest speed Nmax, e.g. minimal 75%.
  • the controller 40 controls the hammer mechanism 10 to output a maximum torque.
  • the evaluation device 30 continues to monitor whether the beating stops (S10). If the beating stops, the controller 40 changes to the second phase S2. At the low speed N1 can be checked again whether the screw has penetrated into a soft material.
  • a switch-off from the fourth phase S9 can take place as a function of the development of the rotational speed M of the output shaft 3.
  • the speed of the output shaft 3 is a measure of the torque that must be applied to rotate the screw. The higher the required torque, the smaller the angle, the output shaft 3 can be rotated with each beat. If the speed M changes faster than a predetermined rate of change and / or the speed changes faster than a mean detected Change rate Mavg, the prime mover 4 is stopped. It is assumed that the change is effected on a support of the screw head on the ground. The rate of change describes the change in speed over time. This can be recorded and its mean value determined.
  • a sixth phase S11 is changed to, if the speed M of the output shaft 3 falls below a lower threshold Mmin.
  • the sixth phase S11 is provided in the event that the impact wrench 1 is operated at its load limit. The speed is increased to the highest possible speed Nmax, N4.
  • the sixth phase S11 also differs from the fifth phase S9 by the turn-off behavior.
  • the prime mover 4 is turned off as soon as the speed M of the output shaft 3 falls below a second lower threshold.
  • the prime mover 4 can be turned off when the lower threshold value Mmin remains below for a predetermined period of time after the rotational speed has been increased to Nmax.
  • Fig. 4 are to keep the flow chart clear, the stop conditions for a shutdown of the prime mover are not shown. These can be preceded in a design all other functions vorranging to ensure a quick shutdown.
  • a further development provides for a boost function. After switching off the prime mover 4, the position of the operating switch 9 is monitored. If the operating switch 9 is kept depressed for a predetermined period of time, the primary drive 4 is reactivated according to the first phase S1. The controller 40 starts anew with the procedure of one of the preceding embodiments.
  • Another embodiment provides error detection. If a screw is turned over, the torque which the screw of the drive shaft 3 counteracts decreases. The speed of the drive shaft 3 increases, at least in beating operation.
  • the evaluation device 30 can monitor the speed and output a warning message when the speed of the drive shaft 3 increases.
  • the warning message can be transmitted to a display element 41 for visualization to a user.
  • the display element can give a visual or audible warning.
  • the speed sensors 31, 32 can detect the rotational speeds analog or digital.
  • the evaluation device 30 may include an analog comparison stage for comparing the rotational speeds of the drive shaft 5 and the output shaft 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
EP10158723.6A 2009-04-20 2010-03-31 Visseuse à percussion et procédé de commande pour une visseuse à percussion Active EP2243599B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009002479.4A DE102009002479B4 (de) 2009-04-20 2009-04-20 Schlagschrauber und Steuerungsverfahren für einen Schlagschrauber

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2243599A2 true EP2243599A2 (fr) 2010-10-27
EP2243599A3 EP2243599A3 (fr) 2017-03-08
EP2243599B1 EP2243599B1 (fr) 2018-07-04

Family

ID=42340355

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10158723.6A Active EP2243599B1 (fr) 2009-04-20 2010-03-31 Visseuse à percussion et procédé de commande pour une visseuse à percussion

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US9469019B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2243599B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2010247326A (fr)
DE (1) DE102009002479B4 (fr)

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US9469019B2 (en) 2016-10-18
DE102009002479B4 (de) 2015-02-19
DE102009002479A1 (de) 2010-10-28
EP2243599B1 (fr) 2018-07-04
EP2243599A3 (fr) 2017-03-08
US20100263890A1 (en) 2010-10-21
JP2010247326A (ja) 2010-11-04

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