EP2239177B1 - Method for operating a rail vehicle in the case of fire and rail vehicle equipped for same - Google Patents

Method for operating a rail vehicle in the case of fire and rail vehicle equipped for same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2239177B1
EP2239177B1 EP10153710.8A EP10153710A EP2239177B1 EP 2239177 B1 EP2239177 B1 EP 2239177B1 EP 10153710 A EP10153710 A EP 10153710A EP 2239177 B1 EP2239177 B1 EP 2239177B1
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Prior art keywords
fire
coaches
group
coach
air
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EP10153710.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2239177A3 (en
EP2239177A2 (en
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Oliver Kemmann
Christian Paschen
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PASCHEN, CHRISTIAN
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a rail vehicle in the event of fire and to a trained for carrying out such a method rail vehicle itself.
  • Railway vehicles are typically equipped with an air conditioning system controlled by an associated control device, and with a number of at least two car bodies, each equipped with a smoke detector and a supply air and an exhaust air, which are controlled by the control device.
  • the air conditioning or heating system comprises a control device which selectively controls a supply air and an exhaust air.
  • the control device in the prior art alone has the task to support required air conditioning measures, so that, for example, a desired room temperature is maintained within a car body.
  • JP 2 031 915 A a method for operating a rail vehicle in case of fire, in which a smoke detection is signaled in one of the cars of the rail vehicle of an air conditioner.
  • the Air conditioning is then controlled such that in the fire claimed cars switched off a supply air and an exhaust air is conveyed directly into an outside area of the rail vehicle.
  • This method allows the airflows from the vehicle subject to the fire to be changed by suitable control of the supply and exhaust air in such a way that the smoke propagation remains limited.
  • the air supply and the exhaust air are modified, fire by-products are removed via the exhaust air, which may be formed by active exhaust fans.
  • step b) the supply air is switched off and the required supply air via a ventilation system of at least one adjacent car or vehicle group of the brandbedspruchten car or wagon composite supplied for the fire-prone car or wagon composite.
  • a ventilation system of at least one adjacent car or vehicle group of the brandbedspruchten car or wagon composite supplied for the fire-prone car or wagon composite.
  • This has the effect of providing an air supply from outside the branded wagon or wagon assembly which prevents fire byproducts from entering adjacent wagons.
  • a directed flow through the baffles results from the brand-loaded car or wagon composite, while the supply air of this wagon or wagon composite itself can preferably be switched off completely.
  • the car affected by the fire is a final car or a middle car.
  • a distinction is made between the cases in which the vehicle group subjected to fire is at the end or in the middle part of the rail vehicle.
  • step b) in the affected by the fire car or wagon assembly below the atmospheric pressure, it being assumed that in the standard case is present within the car body atmosphere pressure.
  • step b) the exhaust air can be set for the affected by the fire car or wagon composite maximum, so that flue gases can be removed directly from the car.
  • separate fire protection devices can be installed in the area of the wagon transitions of each car or wagon composite reduce the opening cross section in height from top to bottom, with the aim of the smoke layer in the fire-stressed area a recirculation zone and in the bottom Area by the cross-sectional reduction to provide an increased supply air velocity.
  • This can preferably be done by mobile Rauschürzen or fold-down ceiling elements. In principle, it is ensured that people can move quickly below this foreclosure unit.
  • the proposed method allows the advantage that can be completely dispensed with if necessary in the prior art Feuerab gleichten, so that less design effort for fire protection is required. Added to this is the elimination of the closing doors that a flow of passengers under the various car bodies of the rail vehicle is improved. This leads to an attractive vehicle concept.
  • the object is achieved with respect to the vehicle by a rail vehicle with an air conditioner, which is controlled by an associated control device, and a number of at least two car bodies, each equipped with a smoke detector and a supply air and an outlet, which are controlled by the control device in which the smoke detectors are in signal communication with the control device in such a way that the control device is signaled the occurrence of a fire in an affected car or a carriage network, and the control device is designed such that it signals a fire in the one affected by the fire Car a supply air and an exhaust air specifically controlled and possibly reduced (supply air) or increased (exhaust air), based on standard operating conditions of the air conditioner and that it switches off the supply air for the affected by the fire wagon or carriage and required supply air via a Lvidu ngsstrom an adjacent car or wagon assembly of the fire claimed car or wagon composite is supplied.
  • an air conditioner which is controlled by an associated control device
  • a number of at least two car bodies each equipped with a smoke detector and a supply air and an outlet, which are controlled
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 show in each case in combination with each other a rail vehicle of several cars, a control device 1 of an air conditioner for controlling Zu Kunststoffest 2 and active exhaust fans 3, smoke detectors 4, and a local pressure distribution (average pressure conditions) on the respective car of the rail vehicle.
  • FIGS. 2 and 4 show in each case in combination with each other a rail vehicle with wagon assemblies, a control device 1 of an air conditioner for controlling Zu Kunststoffen 2 and active fans 3, smoke detectors 4 in the transition region of the two cars forming the car group, and a local pressure distribution (averaged pressure conditions) on each illustrated car networks of rail vehicle.
  • the ventilation is off. It can also be activated depending on the design of the system. This depends, among other things, on the total exhaust air volume flow in the fire-stressed car.
  • the local pressure profile (average pressure curve) is shown qualitatively over the five illustrated carriages of the rail vehicle. It can be seen that there is an increased air pressure in the adjacent cars, while a negative pressure is generated in the car affected by the fire. This is because the supply air is prevented in the car affected by the fire, while the exhaust fan 3 ensure the flow.
  • FIG. 2 It is assumed that the fire broke out in a carriage assembly consisting of 2 wagons of a rail vehicle.
  • the control of the Zu Kunststoffest 2 of the affected by the fire car combination again takes place so that it is closed, while the 3 fans of the car network are operated at maximum power.
  • the ventilation is off. It can also be activated depending on the design of the system. This depends, among other things, on the total exhaust air volume flow in the fire-stressed car. Furthermore, the supply air can be ensured via adjacent car networks.
  • FIG. 3 it is assumed that the fire has broken out in a terminal car of a rail vehicle.
  • the signaling of the fire is in turn via the smoke detector 4.
  • the control of the air supply device 2 of the car affected by the fire turn so that it is closed, while the baffles 3 are operated at maximum power.
  • the air supply device 2 of the adjacent car provides the required supply air of the car affected by the fire so that fire by-products can be discharged via the fans 3 of the car affected by the fire.
  • FIG. 4 it is assumed that the fire has broken out in a wagon assembly at the end of the rail vehicle.
  • the signaling of the fire is in turn via the smoke detector 4.
  • the control of the Zu Kunststoffen 2 of the affected by the fire car combination turn so that they are closed, while the baffles 3 are operated in the car network at maximum power.
  • there is only one adjacent carriage in which to proceed in the same manner as in FIG FIG. 2 This means that the Zu Kunststoff Rheinen 2 of the adjacent car or wagon composite provide the required supply air of the affected by the car wagon association, so that fire by-products can be removed via the buffers 3 of the affected by the fire car association.
  • fire protection closures may possibly be completely dispensed with, since in other ways the spread of fire by-products into adjacent wagons is effectively hindered.
  • the spread of fire byproducts is counteracted by active control of the air conditioning devices, such as the supply devices 2 and the fans 3. This allows the realization of open train concepts without compromising the safety of passengers in terms of fire safety.

Description

Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Schienenfahrzeugs im Brandfall und dafür ausgebildetes SchienenfahrzeugMethod for operating a rail vehicle in case of fire and trained rail vehicle

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Schienenfahrzeugs im Brandfall und auf ein zur Durchführung eines solchen Verfahrens ausgebildetes Schienenfahrzeug selbst.The invention relates to a method for operating a rail vehicle in the event of fire and to a trained for carrying out such a method rail vehicle itself.

Schienenfahrzeuge sind typischer Weise mit einer Klimaanlage ausgestattet, die von einer zugehörigen Steuereinrichtung gesteuert ist, sowie mit einer Anzahl von wenigstens zwei Wagenkästen, die jeweils mit einem Rauchmelder sowie einer Zuluft und einer Abluft ausgestattet sind, die von der Steuereinrichtung gesteuert sind. Aus der DE 1 095 306 A ergibt sich ein Eisenbahnwagen, dessen Abteile aus einer gemeinsamen Klima- oder Heizanlage mit Luft versorgt werden. Die Klima- oder Heizanlage umfasst eine Steuervorrichtung, welche eine Zuluft und eine Abluft gezielt ansteuert.Railway vehicles are typically equipped with an air conditioning system controlled by an associated control device, and with a number of at least two car bodies, each equipped with a smoke detector and a supply air and an exhaust air, which are controlled by the control device. From the DE 1 095 306 A results in a railway car whose compartments are supplied from a common air conditioning or heating system with air. The air conditioning or heating system comprises a control device which selectively controls a supply air and an exhaust air.

Außerdem ist aus der DE 199 47 713 A1 eine Lüftungsanlage für ein Gebäude sowie ein Verfahren zu ihrem Betrieb bekannt. In eine Steuerung der Lüftungsanlage gehen Meldungen auch eines Rauchsensors ein, so dass beispielsweise im Falle einer kritisch erhöhten Ablufttemperatur ein Alarmsignal erzeugt wird.Moreover, from the DE 199 47 713 A1 a ventilation system for a building and a method of their operation known. In a control of the ventilation system are also reports of a smoke sensor, so that, for example, in the case of a critically increased exhaust air temperature, an alarm signal is generated.

Dabei hat die Steuereinrichtung im Stand der Technik allein die Aufgabe, erforderliche Klimatisierungsmaßnahmen zu unterstützen, so dass beispielsweise eine gewünschte Raumtemperatur innerhalb eines Wagenkastens aufrechterhalten bleibt.The control device in the prior art alone has the task to support required air conditioning measures, so that, for example, a desired room temperature is maintained within a car body.

Des Weiteren ist aus der JP 2 031 915 A ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Schienenfahrzeugs in Brandfalle bekannt, bei dem eine Rauchdetektion in einem der Wagen des Schienenfahrzeugs einer Klimaanlage signalisiert wird. Die Klimaanlage wird dann derart angesteuert, dass in dem Brand beanspruchten Wagen eine Zuluft abgeschaltet und eine Abluft unmittelbar in einen Außenbereich des Schienenfahrzeugs gefördert wird.Furthermore, from the JP 2 031 915 A a method for operating a rail vehicle in case of fire, in which a smoke detection is signaled in one of the cars of the rail vehicle of an air conditioner. The Air conditioning is then controlled such that in the fire claimed cars switched off a supply air and an exhaust air is conveyed directly into an outside area of the rail vehicle.

Zu Brandschutzzwecken ist es bisher üblich, die Stirnwände der Wagenkästen des Schienenfahrzeugs mit Türen auszustatten und als Feuerschutzabschluss auszuführen. Dies führt dazu, dass jeder Wagen einen eigenen Brandabschnitt bildet, und auf diese Weise eine Ausbreitung von Brandnebenprodukten (Rauchgasen) behindert wird. Infolge dessen wird ein erheblicher konstruktiver Aufwand zur Gewährleistung des Feuerschutzes bei Schienenfahrzeugen getrieben.For fire protection purposes, it has been customary to equip the end walls of the car bodies of the rail vehicle with doors and run as fire protection. This leads to each car forming its own fire compartment, and up this way, a spread of fire by-products (flue gases) is hindered. As a result, a considerable constructive effort to ensure the fire protection of rail vehicles is driven.

Ausgehend hiervon liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Schienenfahrzeugs derart weiterzuentwickeln, dass für einen Brandschutz geringerer konstruktiver Aufwand erforderlich ist, und ein Schienenfahrzeug zur Durchführung des Verfahrens anzugeben. Diese Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich des Verfahrens gelöst durch ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Schienenfahrzeugs im Brandfalle, bei dem

  1. a) eine Rauchdetektion in einem der Wagen oder Wagenverbund des Schienenfahrzeugs einer Klimaanlage signalisiert wird,
  2. b) die Klimaanlage derart angesteuert wird, dass in dem brandbeanspruchten Wagen oder Wagenverbund eine Zuluft und eine Abluft gezielt angesteuert und ggf. vermindert (Zuluft) bzw. vergrößert (Abluft) wird, jeweils bezogen auf Standardbetriebsbedingungen der Klimaanlage, wobei für den von dem Brand betroffenen Wagen oder Wagenverbund die Zuluft abgeschaltet und erforderliche Zuluft über eine Lüftungsanlage eines dem vom Brand betroffenen Wagen oder Wagenverbund benachbarten Wagens oder Wagenverbundes zugeführt wird,
  3. c) ein oder mehrere Wagen (Wagenverbund) zu einem virtuellen Rauchabschnitt zusammengefasst werden.
Proceeding from this, the present invention seeks to further develop a method for operating a rail vehicle such that less constructive effort is required for fire protection, and to provide a rail vehicle for carrying out the method. This object is achieved in terms of the method by a method for operating a rail vehicle in case of fire, in which
  1. a) a smoke detection is signaled in one of the carriages or vehicle combination of the rail vehicle of an air conditioner,
  2. b) the air conditioning system is controlled such that in the brandbedspruchten car or wagon group a supply air and an exhaust selectively controlled and possibly reduced (supply air) or increased (exhaust air), each based on standard operating conditions of the air conditioner, wherein for the of the fire affected car or car network the supply air is switched off and required supply air is supplied via a ventilation system of the car affected by the fire or car group adjacent wagon or carriage group,
  3. c) one or more cars (carriage combination) are combined to form a virtual smoke section.

Dieses Verfahren gestattet es, dass Luftströmungen aus dem brandbeanspruchten Wagen heraus durch geeignete Steuerung der Zu- und Abluft derart verändert werden, dass die Rauchausbreitung begrenzt bleibt. Da gegenüber normalen Betriebsbedingungen die Luftzufuhr und die Abluft modifiziert werden, werden Brandnebenprodukte über die Abluft, die von aktiven Fortlüftern gebildet sein kann, abgeführt.This method allows the airflows from the vehicle subject to the fire to be changed by suitable control of the supply and exhaust air in such a way that the smoke propagation remains limited. As compared to normal operating conditions, the air supply and the exhaust air are modified, fire by-products are removed via the exhaust air, which may be formed by active exhaust fans.

In Schritt b) wird für den brandbeanspruchten Wagen bzw. Wagenverbund die Zuluft abgeschaltet und erforderliche Zuluft über eine Lüftungsanlage mindestens eines benachbarten Wagens bzw. Wagenverbund des brandbeanspruchten Wagens bzw. Wagenverbundes zugeführt. Dies hat die Auswirkung, dass von Außerhalb des brandbeanspruchten Wagens bzw. Wagenverbundes eine Luftzufuhr erfolgt, welche verhindert, dass Brandnebenprodukte in benachbarte Wagen gelangen können. Insgesamt ergibt sich eine gerichtete Strömung über die Fortlüfter aus dem brandbeanspruchten Wagen bzw. Wagenverbund heraus, während die Zuluft dieses Wagens bzw. Wagenverbundes selbst vorzugsweise vollständig abgeschaltet sein kann. Zu differenzieren ist dabei unter den Fällen, dass der von dem Brand betroffene Wagen ein Endwagen oder ein Mittelwagen ist. Bei einem Wagenverbund wird unterschieden unter den Fällen, dass der brandbeanspruchte Wagenverbund sich am Ende oder im Mittelteil des Schienenfahrzeuges befindet. In dem Fall eines Endwagens bzw. Endbereichs des Schienenfahrzeugs strömt Zuluft allein über den benachbarten im Mittelbereich befindlichen Wagen ein. Im Falle eines brandbeanspruchten Mittelwagens bzw. Wagenverbundes im Mittelbereich des Schienenfahrzeugs strömt Zuluft aus beiden benachbarten Wagen bzw. Wagenverbünden ein. Dabei ist der Begriff "benachbart" nicht nur im unmittelbaren Sinne zu verstehen. Es ist auch denkbar, dass ein Brand in einem Übergangsbereich zwischen zwei Wagen auftritt. In diesem Fall werden die zwei Wagen als der "vom Brand betroffene Wagen" angesehen, so dass die Lüftungsanlagen der jeweils benachbarten zwei Wagen bzw. der benachbarten Wagenverbünde so eingesetzt werden, wie oben dargestellt.In step b), the supply air is switched off and the required supply air via a ventilation system of at least one adjacent car or vehicle group of the brandbedspruchten car or wagon composite supplied for the fire-prone car or wagon composite. This has the effect of providing an air supply from outside the branded wagon or wagon assembly which prevents fire byproducts from entering adjacent wagons. Overall, a directed flow through the baffles results from the brand-loaded car or wagon composite, while the supply air of this wagon or wagon composite itself can preferably be switched off completely. To differentiate is in the cases in which the car affected by the fire is a final car or a middle car. In the case of a carriage combination, a distinction is made between the cases in which the vehicle group subjected to fire is at the end or in the middle part of the rail vehicle. In the case of one Endgagens or end portion of the rail vehicle flows supply air alone over the adjacent located in the central area car. In the case of a medium car or vehicle group in the middle area of the rail vehicle which is subject to fire, supply air flows in from both adjacent cars or vehicle networks. The term "neighboring" should not be understood only in the immediate sense. It is also conceivable that a fire occurs in a transitional area between two cars. In this case, the two cars are regarded as the "fire affected car", so that the ventilation systems of the adjacent two cars or the adjacent car assemblies are used as shown above.

Die dargestellte Ansteuerung der Zu- und der Abluft führt zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich in Schritt b) in dem vom Brand betroffenen Wagen bzw. Wagenverbund ein unter dem Atmosphärendruck liegender Druck einstellt, wobei angenommen wird, dass im Standardfall innerhalb der Wagenkästen Atmosphärendruck vorliegt.The illustrated control of the supply and exhaust air leads to the result that sets in step b) in the affected by the fire car or wagon assembly below the atmospheric pressure, it being assumed that in the standard case is present within the car body atmosphere pressure.

In Schritt b) kann die Abluft für den vom Brand betroffenen Wagen bzw. Wagenverbund maximal eingestellt sein, sodass Rauchgase unmittelbar aus dem Wagen abgeführt werden können.In step b), the exhaust air can be set for the affected by the fire car or wagon composite maximum, so that flue gases can be removed directly from the car.

Zur Optimierung der Zu- und Abluftführung können im Bereich der Wagenübergänge eines jeden Wagens bzw. Wagenverbundes gesonderte Brandschutzeinrichtungen installiert werden, die den Öffnungsquerschnitt in ihrer Höhe von oben nach unten reduzieren, mit dem Ziel, für die Rauchschicht im brandbeanspruchten Bereich eine Rezirkulationszone und im unteren Bereich durch die Querschnittsverringerung eine erhöhte Zuluftgeschwindigkeit zu schaffen. Dies kann bevorzugt durch mobile Rauschürzen oder herunterklappbare Deckenelemente erfolgen. Grundsätzlich wird gewährleistet, dass sich unterhalb dieser Abschottungseinheit Personen zügig bewegen können.To optimize the supply and exhaust air management separate fire protection devices can be installed in the area of the wagon transitions of each car or wagon composite reduce the opening cross section in height from top to bottom, with the aim of the smoke layer in the fire-stressed area a recirculation zone and in the bottom Area by the cross-sectional reduction to provide an increased supply air velocity. This can preferably be done by mobile Rauschürzen or fold-down ceiling elements. In principle, it is ensured that people can move quickly below this foreclosure unit.

Das vorgestellte Verfahren gestattet den Vorteil, dass auf die im Stand der Technik vorgesehenen Feuerabschlusstüren ggf. vollständig verzichtet werden kann, so dass geringerer konstruktiver Aufwand für den Brandschutz erforderlich ist. Hinzu kommt durch den Fortfall der Abschlusstüren, dass ein Fahrgastfluss unter den verschiedenen Wagenkästen des Schienenfahrzeugs verbessert wird. Dies führt zu einem attraktiven Fahrzeugkonzept.The proposed method allows the advantage that can be completely dispensed with if necessary in the prior art Feuerabschlusstüren, so that less design effort for fire protection is required. Added to this is the elimination of the closing doors that a flow of passengers under the various car bodies of the rail vehicle is improved. This leads to an attractive vehicle concept.

Die Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich des Fahrzeugs gelöst durch ein Schienenfahrzeug mit einer Klimaanlage, die von einer zugehörigen Steuereinrichtung gesteuert ist, und einer Anzahl von wenigstens zwei Wagenkästen, die jeweils mit einem Rauchmelder sowie einer Zuluft und einer Ablauf ausgestattet sind, die von der Steuereinrichtung gesteuert sind, wobei die Rauchmelder mit der Steuereinrichtung derart in einer Signalverbindung stehen, dass der Steuereinrichtung das Auftreten eines Brandes in einem betroffenen Wagen bzw. eines Wagenverbundes signalisiert wird, und die Steuereinrichtung derart ausgebildet ist, dass sie bei Signalisierung eines Brandes in dem von dem Brand betroffenen Wagen eine Zuluft und eine Abluft gezielt angesteuert und ggf. vermindert (Zuluft) bzw. vergrößert (Abluft), jeweils bezogen auf Standardbetriebsbedingungen der Klimaanlage und dass sie für den von dem Brand betroffenen Wagen oder Wagenverbund die Zuluft abschaltet und erforderliche Zuluft über eine Lüftungsanlage eines benachbarten Wagens oder Wagenverbunds des Brand beanspruchten Wagens oder Wagenverbundes zugeführt wird.The object is achieved with respect to the vehicle by a rail vehicle with an air conditioner, which is controlled by an associated control device, and a number of at least two car bodies, each equipped with a smoke detector and a supply air and an outlet, which are controlled by the control device in which the smoke detectors are in signal communication with the control device in such a way that the control device is signaled the occurrence of a fire in an affected car or a carriage network, and the control device is designed such that it signals a fire in the one affected by the fire Car a supply air and an exhaust air specifically controlled and possibly reduced (supply air) or increased (exhaust air), based on standard operating conditions of the air conditioner and that it switches off the supply air for the affected by the fire wagon or carriage and required supply air via a Lüftu ngsanlage an adjacent car or wagon assembly of the fire claimed car or wagon composite is supplied.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung noch näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Ansicht eines Schienenfahrzeugs, das zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens zum Brandschutz ausgeführt ist, in einem ersten Anwendungsfall und
Figur 2
eine schematische Ansicht eines Schienenfahrzeugs, das zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens zum Brandschutz ausgeführt ist, in einem zweiten Anwendungsfall und
Figur 3
eine schematische Ansicht eines Schienenfahrzeugs, das zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens zum Brandschutz ausgeführt ist, in einem dritten Anwendungsfall und
Figur 4
eine schematische Ansicht eines Schienenfahrzeugs, das zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens zum Brandschutz ausgeführt ist, in einem vierten Anwendungsfall.
Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Show it:
FIG. 1
a schematic view of a rail vehicle, which is designed to carry out a method for fire protection, in a first application and
FIG. 2
a schematic view of a rail vehicle, which is designed to carry out a method for fire protection, in a second application and
FIG. 3
a schematic view of a rail vehicle, which is designed to carry out a method for fire protection, in a third application and
FIG. 4
a schematic view of a rail vehicle, which is designed to carry out a method for fire protection, in a fourth application.

Die Figuren 1 und 3 zeigen jeweils in Kombination miteinander ein Schienenfahrzeug aus mehreren Wagen, eine Steuereinrichtung 1 einer Klimaanlage zur Steuerung von Zulufteinrichtungen 2 und aktiven Fortlüftern 3, Rauchmeldern 4, sowie eine örtliche Druckverteilung (gemittelte Druckverhältnisse) über die jeweils dargestellten Wagen des Schienenfahrzeugs.The FIGS. 1 and 3 show in each case in combination with each other a rail vehicle of several cars, a control device 1 of an air conditioner for controlling Zulufteinrichtungen 2 and active exhaust fans 3, smoke detectors 4, and a local pressure distribution (average pressure conditions) on the respective car of the rail vehicle.

Die Figuren 2 und 4 zeigen jeweils in Kombination miteinander ein Schienenfahrzeug mit Wagenverbünden, eine Steuereinrichtung 1 einer Klimaanlage zur Steuerung von Zulufteinrichtungen 2 und aktiven Fortlüftern 3, Rauchmeldern 4 im Übergangsbereich der beiden den Wagenverbund bildenden Wagen, sowie eine örtliche Druckverteilung (gemittelte Druckverhältnisse) über die jeweils dargestellten Wagenverbünde des Schienenfahrzeugs.The Figures 2 and 4 show in each case in combination with each other a rail vehicle with wagon assemblies, a control device 1 of an air conditioner for controlling Zulufteinrichtungen 2 and active fans 3, smoke detectors 4 in the transition region of the two cars forming the car group, and a local pressure distribution (averaged pressure conditions) on each illustrated car networks of rail vehicle.

Figur 1 veranschaulicht den Anwendungsfall, dass in einem mittleren von insgesamt fünf Wagen ein Brand ausgebrochen ist. Zunächst ist es erforderlich, das Vorliegen des Brandes zu erfassen. Dazu ist jeder Wagen mit jeweils mindestens zwei Rauchmeldern 4 ausgestattet, die in einer Signalisierungsverbindung mit der Steuereinrichtung 1 stehen. Sobald der Steuereinrichtung 1 das Vorliegen des Brandes im mittleren Wagen mit Hilfe der Rauchmelder 4 signalisiert wird, erfolgt die folgende Steuerung der Zulufteinrichtungen 2 und Fortlüfter 3 (Abluft):

  • Die Fortlüfter 3, die jeweils über brandgeschützte Leitungen mit der Klimaanlage verbunden sind, des vom Brand betroffenen Wagens werden mit maximaler Leistung betrieben, sodass Brandnebenprodukte mit erhöhter Geschwindigkeit aus dem Wagen abgeführt werden. Gleichzeitig wird die Zuluft 2 des vom Brand betroffenen Wagens geschlossen. Eine erforderliche Zuluft erfolgt über die Zulufteinrichtungen 2 der dem vom Brand betroffenen Wagen benachbarten Wagen, so dass aus diesen zwei benachbarten Wagen die Luftströmung jeweils in den vom Brand betroffenen Wagen hinein gerichtet ist. Dies vermindert eine Ausbreitung der Brandnebenprodukte in die benachbarten Wagen, so dass auch ein Übergreifen des Brandes auf die benachbarten Wagen wesentlich behindert wird.
FIG. 1 illustrates the use case that a fire broke out in a middle of five cars. First, it is necessary to detect the presence of the fire. For this purpose, each car is equipped with at least two smoke detectors 4, which are in a signaling connection with the control device 1. As soon as the control device 1 is signaled the presence of the fire in the middle car with the help of the smoke detector 4, the following control of Zulufteinrichtungen 2 and 3 exhaust fan (exhaust air) takes place:
  • The 3 bays, each connected to the A / C system via fire-resistant lines, of the car affected by the fire are operated at maximum power so that fire by-products are removed from the car at a faster rate. At the same time, the supply air 2 of the car affected by the fire is closed. A required supply air via the Zulufteinrichtungen 2 of the car affected by the fire car adjacent, so that from these two adjacent car, the air flow is directed in each case in the car affected by the fire. This reduces the spread of fire by-products in the adjacent car, so that a spillover of the fire is significantly hindered on the adjacent cars.

Bei den beiden in Figur 1 äußeren Wagen ist die Lüftung ausgeschaltet. Sie kann je nach Auslegung des Systems zusätzlich aktiviert werden. Dies ist u.a. abhängig vom Gesamtabluftvolumenstrom im brandbeanspruchten Wagen.At the two in FIG. 1 outside car, the ventilation is off. It can also be activated depending on the design of the system. This depends, among other things, on the total exhaust air volume flow in the fire-stressed car.

Im unteren Bereich der Figur 1 ist der örtliche Druckverlauf (gemittelter Druckverlauf) qualitativ über die fünf dargestellten Wagen des Schienenfahrzeugs dargestellt. Es ist ersichtlich, dass in den benachbarten Wagen ein erhöhter Luftdruck herrscht, während in dem vom Brand betroffenen Wagen ein Unterdruck erzeugt wird. Dies liegt daran, dass die Zuluft im vom Brand betroffenen Wagen unterbunden ist, während die Fortlüfter 3 die Nachströmung sicherstellen.At the bottom of the FIG. 1 the local pressure profile (average pressure curve) is shown qualitatively over the five illustrated carriages of the rail vehicle. It can be seen that there is an increased air pressure in the adjacent cars, while a negative pressure is generated in the car affected by the fire. This is because the supply air is prevented in the car affected by the fire, while the exhaust fan 3 ensure the flow.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2 wird davon ausgegangen, dass der Brand in einem Wagenverbund, bestehend aus 2 Wagen, eines Schienenfahrzeugs ausgebrochen ist. Die Signalisierung des Brandes erfolgt über die Rauchmelder 4 im Bereich des Wagenübergangs. Daraufhin erfolgt die Ansteuerung der Zulufteinrichtung 2 des vom Brand betroffenen Wagenverbundes wiederum so, dass sie geschlossen wird, während die Fortlüfter 3 des Wagenverbundes bei maximaler Leistung betrieben werden. Eine erforderliche Zuluft erfolgt über die Zulufteinrichtungen 2 der benachbarten Wagen des brandbeanspruchten Wagenverbundes, sodass aus diesen zwei benachbarten Wagen die Luftströmung jeweils in den vom Brand betroffenen Wagenverbund hinein gerichtet ist. Dies vermindert eine Ausbreitung der Brandnebenprodukte in die benachbarten Wagen, so dass auch ein Übergreifen des Brandes auf die benachbarten Wagen wesentlich behindert wird.According to the embodiment FIG. 2 It is assumed that the fire broke out in a carriage assembly consisting of 2 wagons of a rail vehicle. The signaling of the fire via the smoke detector 4 in the area of the car crossing. Thereafter, the control of the Zulufteinrichtung 2 of the affected by the fire car combination again takes place so that it is closed, while the 3 fans of the car network are operated at maximum power. A required supply air via the Zulufteinrichtungen 2 of the adjacent car of fire-prone wagon composite, so that from these two adjacent car, the air flow is directed in each case in the car-affected by the fire composite. This reduces the spread of fire by-products in the adjacent car, so that a spillover of the fire is significantly hindered on the adjacent cars.

Bei den beiden in Figur 2 äußeren Wagen ist die Lüftung ausgeschaltet. Sie kann je nach Auslegung des Systems zusätzlich aktiviert werden. Dies ist u.a. abhängig vom Gesamtabluftvolumenstrom im brandbeanspruchten Wagen. Des Weiteren kann die Zuluft über benachbarte Wagenverbünde sichergestellt werden.At the two in FIG. 2 outside car, the ventilation is off. It can also be activated depending on the design of the system. This depends, among other things, on the total exhaust air volume flow in the fire-stressed car. Furthermore, the supply air can be ensured via adjacent car networks.

Die zugehörige Druckverteilung ergibt sich aus dem unteren Teil von Figur 2. Es ist ersichtlich, dass in dem benachbarten Wagen ein Überdruck herrscht, während in dem vom Brand betroffenen Wagenverbund ein Unterdruck erzeugt wird.The associated pressure distribution results from the lower part of FIG. 2 , It can be seen that there is an overpressure in the adjacent carriage, while a negative pressure is generated in the carriage assembly affected by the fire.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 3 wird davon ausgegangen, dass der Brand in einem Endwagen eines Schienenfahrzeugs ausgebrochen ist. Die Signalisierung des Brandes erfolgt wiederum über die Rauchmelder 4. Daraufhin erfolgt die Ansteuerung der Zulufteinrichtung 2 des vom Brand betroffenen Wagens wiederum so, dass sie geschlossen wird, während die Fortlüfter 3 bei maximaler Leistung betrieben werden. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel existiert nur ein benachbarter Wagen, bei dem in derselben Weise verfahren wird, wie oben bei den beiden benachbarten Wagen nach dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel. Dies bedeutet, dass die Zulufteinrichtung 2 des benachbarten Wagens für die erforderliche Zuluft des vom Brand betroffenen Wagens sorgt, so dass Brandnebenprodukte über die Fortlüfter 3 des vom Brand betroffenen Wagens abgeführt werden können.According to the embodiment FIG. 3 it is assumed that the fire has broken out in a terminal car of a rail vehicle. The signaling of the fire is in turn via the smoke detector 4. Then, the control of the air supply device 2 of the car affected by the fire turn so that it is closed, while the baffles 3 are operated at maximum power. In this embodiment, there is only one adjacent carriage in which to move in the same manner as above in the two adjacent carriages according to the first embodiment. This means that the air supply device 2 of the adjacent car provides the required supply air of the car affected by the fire so that fire by-products can be discharged via the fans 3 of the car affected by the fire.

Die zugehörige Druckverteilung ergibt sich aus dem unteren Teil von Figur 3. Es ist ersichtlich, dass in dem benachbarten Wagen ein Überdruck herrscht, während in dem vom Brand betroffenen Wagen ein Unterdruck erzeugt wird.The associated pressure distribution results from the lower part of FIG. 3 , It can be seen that in the an overpressure prevails on adjacent carriages while a negative pressure is generated in the car affected by the fire.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 4 wird davon ausgegangen, dass der Brand in einem am Ende des Schienefahrzeugs befindlichen Wagenverbund ausgebrochen ist. Die Signalisierung des Brandes erfolgt wiederum über die Rauchmelder 4. Daraufhin erfolgt die Ansteuerung der Zulufteinrichtungen 2 des vom Brand betroffenen Wagenverbunds wiederum so, dass sie geschlossen werden, während die Fortlüfter 3 im Wagenverbund bei maximaler Leistung betrieben werden. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel existiert nur ein benachbarter Wagen bzw. Wagenverbund, bei dem in derselben Weise verfahren wird, wie bei Figur 2. Dies bedeutet, dass die Zulufteinrichtungen 2 des benachbarten Wagens bzw. Wagenverbundes für die erforderliche Zuluft des vom Brand betroffenen Wagenverbundes sorgen, so dass Brandnebenprodukte über die Fortlüfter 3 des vom Brand betroffenen Wagenverbundes abgeführt werden können.According to the embodiment FIG. 4 it is assumed that the fire has broken out in a wagon assembly at the end of the rail vehicle. The signaling of the fire is in turn via the smoke detector 4. Then, the control of the Zulufteinrichtungen 2 of the affected by the fire car combination turn so that they are closed, while the baffles 3 are operated in the car network at maximum power. In this embodiment, there is only one adjacent carriage in which to proceed in the same manner as in FIG FIG. 2 , This means that the Zulufteinrichtungen 2 of the adjacent car or wagon composite provide the required supply air of the affected by the car wagon association, so that fire by-products can be removed via the buffers 3 of the affected by the fire car association.

Die zugehörige Druckverteilung ergibt sich aus dem unteren Teil von Figur 4. Es ist ersichtlich, dass in dem benachbarten Wagen bzw. Wagenverbund ein Überdruck herrscht, während in dem vom Brand betroffenen Wagenverbundes ein Unterdruck erzeugt wird.The associated pressure distribution results from the lower part of FIG. 4 , It can be seen that there is an overpressure in the adjacent carriage or carriage assembly, while a negative pressure is generated in the carriage assembly affected by the fire.

Es ergibt sich, dass nach dem vorgestellten Verfahren auf Feuerschutzabschlüsse gegebenenfalls vollständig verzichtet werden kann, da auf andere Weise eine Ausbreitung von Brandnebenprodukten in benachbarte Wagen wirksam behindert wird. Der Ausbreitung von Brandnebenprodukten wird durch aktive Steuerung der Klimatisierungseinrichtungen, wie den Zulufteinrichtungen 2 und den Fortlüftern 3, entgegengewirkt. Dies ermöglicht die Realisierung offener Zugkonzepte, ohne die Sicherheit von Fahrgästen zu beeinträchtigen, was den Brandschutz betrifft.It follows that, according to the method presented, fire protection closures may possibly be completely dispensed with, since in other ways the spread of fire by-products into adjacent wagons is effectively hindered. The spread of fire byproducts is counteracted by active control of the air conditioning devices, such as the supply devices 2 and the fans 3. This allows the realization of open train concepts without compromising the safety of passengers in terms of fire safety.

Insgesamt ist zu berücksichtigen, dass eine Bemessung der Zu- und Abluftvolumenströme sowie deren Lage und Anordnung im Schienenfahrzeug im Wesentlichen abhängig von einem zu erwartenden Brandereignis sind. Dieses ist gekennzeichnet durch einen zeitlichen Verlauf einer Wärmefreisetzungsrate und der Produktion von Brandnebenprodukten. Die jeweilige Bemessung des Brandszenarios sowie des Abschottungssystems wird daher üblicher Weise im Einzelfall unter Berücksichtigung der eingesetzten Materialien (Innenwandverkleidungen, Fahrgastsitze, usw.) und technischen Einrichtungen im Schienenfahrzeug erfolgen.Overall, it must be taken into consideration that a design of the intake and exhaust air volume flows and their position and arrangement in the rail vehicle are essentially dependent on an expected fire event. This is characterized by a time course of a heat release rate and the production of fire by-products. The respective design of the fire scenario and the Abschottungssystems is therefore usually done in individual cases, taking into account the materials used (interior wall panels, passenger seats, etc.) and technical facilities in the rail vehicle.

Claims (8)

  1. Method for operating a rail vehicle in the case of fire, in which
    a) detection of smoke in one of the coaches or groups of coaches of the rail vehicle is signalled to a control device (1) of an air-conditioning system,
    b) the air-conditioning system is activated in such a way that, in the fire-affected coach or group of coaches, supply air and exhaust air are specifically activated and reduced or increased as appropriate, wherein, for the coach or group of coaches that is affected by the fire, the supply air is switched off and required supply air is fed by way of a ventilation system of a coach or group of coaches neighbouring the coach or group of coaches that is affected by the fire,
    c) one or more coaches or group of coaches are combined to form a virtual smoke section.
  2. Method according to Claim 1,
    in which
    the air-conditioning system is controlled in step b) in such a way that a pressure below atmospheric pressure is set in the coach or group of coaches that is affected by the fire.
  3. Method according to Claim 2,
    in which
    in step b) the exhaust air for the coach or group of coaches that is affected by the fire is set to the maximum and the supply air from the neighbouring coaches or groups of coaches is set accordingly.
  4. Method according to either of Claims 1 and 2,
    in which
    to optimize the conduction of supply air and exhaust air, installed in the region of the gangways of each coach or group of coaches are separate fire protection devices in the form of mobile smoke aprons or fold-down ceiling elements, which reduce the opening cross section in its height from the top downwards, with the aim of creating a recirculation zone for the layer of smoke in the fire-affected region and creating an increased supply air rate in the lower region by reducing the cross section.
  5. Rail vehicle with an air-conditioning system, which is controlled by an associated control device (1), and with a number of at least two coach bodies, which are in each case equipped with a smoke detector (4) and also supply air and exhaust air, which are controlled by the control device (1), characterized in that
    the smoke detectors (4) are in signalling connection with the control device (1) in such a way that the occurrence of a fire in an affected coach or group of coaches is signalled to the control device (1), and the control device (1) is designed in such a way that, when a fire is signalled, in the coach or group of coaches that is affected by the fire it specifically activates, and reduces or increases as appropriate, supply air and exhaust air in each case with respect to standard operating conditions of the air-conditioning system, and
    in that it switches off the supply air for the coach or group of coaches that is affected by the fire and required supply air is fed by way of a ventilation system of a coach or group of coaches neighbouring the coach or group of coaches that is affected by the fire.
  6. Rail vehicle according to Claim 5,
    characterized in that
    the control device (1) is designed in such a way that it sets a pressure below atmospheric pressure in the coach or group of coaches that is affected by the fire by activating the supply air and the exhaust air of this coach or group of coaches and also the ventilation system of a neighbouring coach or group of coaches in the coaches or group of coaches that is affected by the fire.
  7. Rail vehicle according to either of Claims 5 and 6,
    characterized in that
    the control device (1) is designed in such a way that it sets the exhaust air for the coach or group of coaches that is affected by the fire to the maximum.
  8. Rail vehicle according to one of Claims 5 to 7,
    characterized in that
    a supply line of the air-conditioning system to extractor fans for the exhaust air is designed in a fire-protected manner.
EP10153710.8A 2009-02-18 2010-02-16 Method for operating a rail vehicle in the case of fire and rail vehicle equipped for same Active EP2239177B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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PL10153710T PL2239177T3 (en) 2009-02-18 2010-02-16 Method for operating a rail vehicle in the case of fire and rail vehicle equipped for same

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE200910009428 DE102009009428B4 (en) 2009-02-18 2009-02-18 Method for operating a rail vehicle in case of fire and trained rail vehicle

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EP2239177A2 EP2239177A2 (en) 2010-10-13
EP2239177A3 EP2239177A3 (en) 2013-02-13
EP2239177B1 true EP2239177B1 (en) 2017-08-02

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DE (1) DE102009009428B4 (en)
DK (1) DK2239177T3 (en)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2013206257B2 (en) * 2012-06-15 2016-12-15 Sigma Air Conditioning Pty Ltd Method for operating an air conditioning system intended for heating, cooling and/or ventilating an inner space of a rail vehicle
DE112012006745B4 (en) * 2012-09-24 2017-02-02 Hitachi, Ltd. Control method for air conditioning and ventilation system for a train
GB2567735B (en) * 2012-09-24 2019-08-28 Hitachi Ltd Control method for air conditioning and ventilation system for a train set in the event of a fire
CN102874264B (en) * 2012-10-31 2015-09-16 株洲南车时代电气股份有限公司 A kind of Ventilation device for bullet train
DE102013205780A1 (en) * 2013-04-02 2014-10-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vehicle with gas suction device
RU2581638C1 (en) * 2014-12-05 2016-04-20 Олег Алексеевич Феськов 5-car train for nitrogen cooling
DE102014226279A1 (en) * 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vehicle with emergency operation for air conditioning
FR3064185B1 (en) * 2017-03-21 2019-04-26 Alstom Transport Technologies ANTI-SMOKE DEVICE FOR AIR CONDUIT, IN PARTICULAR IN A RAILWAY VEHICLE

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JPH0755613B2 (en) * 1988-07-20 1995-06-14 三菱電機株式会社 Air conditioner for vehicle
DE19947713A1 (en) * 1999-10-05 2001-05-03 Conit Lufttechnik Gmbh Method to operate ventilation unit for building; involves using valves or ventilators as fire protection devices and automatically controlling them to prevent transfer of fire or smoke in case of fire
US7481261B2 (en) * 2005-04-01 2009-01-27 Johnson Keith E Fan disabling device

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Publication number Publication date
PL2239177T3 (en) 2018-05-30
DE102009009428B4 (en) 2013-02-28
PT2239177T (en) 2017-10-20
EP2239177A3 (en) 2013-02-13
ES2645378T3 (en) 2017-12-05
EP2239177A2 (en) 2010-10-13
DE102009009428A1 (en) 2010-08-26
DK2239177T3 (en) 2017-11-06

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