EP2239177A2 - Method for operating a rail vehicle in the case of fire and rail vehicle equipped for same - Google Patents

Method for operating a rail vehicle in the case of fire and rail vehicle equipped for same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2239177A2
EP2239177A2 EP10153710A EP10153710A EP2239177A2 EP 2239177 A2 EP2239177 A2 EP 2239177A2 EP 10153710 A EP10153710 A EP 10153710A EP 10153710 A EP10153710 A EP 10153710A EP 2239177 A2 EP2239177 A2 EP 2239177A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire
wagon
air
car
affected
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10153710A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2239177B1 (en
EP2239177A3 (en
Inventor
Oliver Kemmann
Christian Paschen
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PASCHEN, CHRISTIAN
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to PL10153710T priority Critical patent/PL2239177T3/en
Publication of EP2239177A2 publication Critical patent/EP2239177A2/en
Publication of EP2239177A3 publication Critical patent/EP2239177A3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a rail vehicle in the event of fire and to a trained for carrying out such a method rail vehicle itself.
  • Railway vehicles are typically equipped with an air conditioning system controlled by an associated control device, and with a number of at least two car bodies, each equipped with a smoke detector and a supply air and an exhaust air, which are controlled by the control device.
  • the control device in the prior art alone has the task to support required air conditioning measures, so that, for example, a desired room temperature is maintained within a car body.
  • the present invention seeks to further develop a method for operating a rail vehicle such that less constructive effort is required for fire protection, and to provide a rail vehicle for carrying out the method.
  • This method allows the airflows from the vehicle subject to the fire to be changed by suitable control of the supply and exhaust air in such a way that the smoke propagation remains limited.
  • the air supply and the exhaust air are modified, fire by-products are removed via the exhaust air, which may be formed by active exhaust fans.
  • step b) the supply air is switched off and the required supply air is supplied via a ventilation system of at least one adjacent carriage or carriage assembly of the brand-loaded carriage or wagon assembly for the brand-loaded wagon or wagon composite.
  • a ventilation system of at least one adjacent carriage or carriage assembly of the brand-loaded carriage or wagon assembly which prevents fire byproducts from entering adjacent wagons.
  • a directed flow through the baffles results from the brand-loaded car or wagon composite, while the supply air of this wagon or wagon composite itself can preferably be switched off completely. It should be differentiated among the cases that the car affected by the fire is a final car or a middle car.
  • step b) in the affected by the fire wagon or carriage combination sets below the atmospheric pressure, it being assumed that in the standard case is present within the car body atmosphere pressure.
  • step b) the exhaust air can be set for the affected by the fire car or wagon composite maximum, so that flue gases can be removed directly from the car.
  • separate fire protection devices can be installed in the area of the wagon transitions of each car or wagon composite reduce the opening cross section in height from top to bottom, with the aim of the smoke layer in the fire-stressed area a recirculation zone and in the bottom Area by the cross-sectional reduction to provide an increased supply air velocity.
  • This can preferably be done by mobile Rauschürzen or fold-down ceiling elements. In principle, it is ensured that people can move quickly below this foreclosure unit.
  • the proposed method allows the advantage that can be completely dispensed with if necessary in the prior art Feuerab gleichten, so that less design effort for fire protection is required. Added to this is the elimination of the closing doors that a flow of passengers under the various car bodies of the rail vehicle is improved. This leads to an attractive vehicle concept.
  • the object is achieved with respect to the vehicle by a rail vehicle with an air conditioner, which is controlled by an associated control device, and a number of at least two car bodies, each equipped with a smoke detector and a supply air and an outlet, which are controlled by the control device in which the smoke detectors are in signal communication with the control device in such a way that the control device is signaled the occurrence of a fire in an affected car or a vehicle network, and the control device is designed such that it signals a fire in the one affected by the fire Car a supply air and an exhaust air selectively controlled and possibly reduced (supply air) or increased (exhaust air), each based on standard operating conditions of the air conditioner.
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 show in each case in combination with each other a rail vehicle of several cars, a control device 1 of an air conditioner for controlling Zu Kunststoffest 2 and active fans 3, smoke detectors 4, as well as a local pressure distribution (average pressure conditions) on the respective cars of the rail vehicle.
  • the Figures 2 and 4 show in each case in combination with each other a rail vehicle with carriage assemblies, a control device 1 of an air conditioner for controlling Zu Kunststoffen 2 and active exhaust fans 3, smoke detectors 4 in the transition region of the two cars forming the car composite, and a local pressure distribution (average pressure conditions) on the respective car networks of rail vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the use case that a fire broke out in a middle of five cars.
  • each car is equipped with at least two smoke detectors 4, which are in a signaling connection with the control device 1.
  • the control device 1 is signaled the presence of the fire in the middle car with the help of the smoke detector 4, the following control of Zu Kunststoffen 2 and 3 exhaust fan (exhaust air) takes place:
  • the 3 bays, each connected to the A / C system via fire-resistant lines, of the car affected by the fire are operated at maximum power so that fire by-products are removed from the car at a faster rate.
  • the supply air 2 of the car affected by the fire is closed.
  • the ventilation is off. It can also be activated depending on the design of the system. This depends, among other things, on the total exhaust air volume flow in the fire-stressed car.
  • the local pressure profile (average pressure curve) is shown qualitatively over the five illustrated carriages of the rail vehicle. It can be seen that there is an increased air pressure in the adjacent cars, while a negative pressure is generated in the car affected by the fire. This is because the supply air is prevented in the car affected by the fire, while the exhaust fan 3 ensure the flow.
  • FIG. 2 It is assumed that the fire broke out in a carriage assembly consisting of 2 wagons of a rail vehicle.
  • the control of the Zu Kunststoffest 2 of the affected by the fire car combination again takes place so that it is closed, while the 3 fans of the car network are operated at maximum power.
  • the ventilation is off. It can also be activated depending on the design of the system. This depends, among other things, on the total exhaust air volume flow in the fire-stressed car. Furthermore, the supply air can be ensured via adjacent car networks.
  • FIG. 3 it is assumed that the fire has broken out in a terminal car of a rail vehicle.
  • the signaling of the fire is in turn via the smoke detector 4.
  • the control of the air supply device 2 of the car affected by the fire turn so that it is closed, while the baffles 3 are operated at maximum power.
  • the air supply device 2 of the adjacent car provides the required supply air of the car affected by the fire so that fire by-products can be discharged via the fans 3 of the car affected by the fire.
  • FIG. 4 it is assumed that the fire has broken out in a wagon assembly at the end of the rail vehicle.
  • the signaling of the fire is in turn via the smoke detector 4.
  • the control of the Zu Kunststoffen 2 of the affected by the fire car combination turn so that they are closed, while the baffles 3 are operated in the car network at maximum power.
  • there is only one adjacent carriage in which to proceed in the same manner as in FIG FIG. 2 This means that the Zu Kunststoff Rheinen 2 of the adjacent car or wagon composite provide the required supply air of the affected by the car wagon association, so that fire by-products can be removed via the buffers 3 of the affected by the fire car association.
  • fire protection closures may possibly be completely dispensed with, since in other ways the spread of fire by-products into adjacent wagons is effectively hindered.
  • the spread of fire byproducts is counteracted by active control of the air conditioning devices, such as the supply devices 2 and the fans 3. This allows the realization of open train concepts without compromising the safety of passengers in terms of fire safety.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves signalizing smoke detection in a fire-loaded coach or coach group with an air conditioning system. The system is controlled in such a manner that delivery air is reduced and/or exhaust air is enlarged in the fire-loaded coach or coach group. The fire-loaded coach or coach group is combined with a virtual coach section. Pressure lying below atmospheric pressure is adjusted in the coach and/or the coach group affected by fire. Fire protection devices e.g. smoke aprons or foldable cover elements are installed for optimizing supply of delivery and exhaust air. An independent claim is also included for a rail vehicle comprising an air conditioning system.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Schienenfahrzeugs im Brandfall und auf ein zur Durchführung eines solchen Verfahrens ausgebildetes Schienenfahrzeug selbst.The invention relates to a method for operating a rail vehicle in the event of fire and to a trained for carrying out such a method rail vehicle itself.

Schienenfahrzeuge sind typischer Weise mit einer Klimaanlage ausgestattet, die von einer zugehörigen Steuereinrichtung gesteuert ist, sowie mit einer Anzahl von wenigstens zwei Wagenkästen, die jeweils mit einem Rauchmelder sowie einer Zuluft und einer Abluft ausgestattet sind, die von der Steuereinrichtung gesteuert sind.Railway vehicles are typically equipped with an air conditioning system controlled by an associated control device, and with a number of at least two car bodies, each equipped with a smoke detector and a supply air and an exhaust air, which are controlled by the control device.

Dabei hat die Steuereinrichtung im Stand der Technik allein die Aufgabe, erforderliche Klimatisierungsmaßnahmen zu unterstützen, so dass beispielsweise eine gewünschte Raumtemperatur innerhalb eines Wagenkastens aufrechterhalten bleibt.The control device in the prior art alone has the task to support required air conditioning measures, so that, for example, a desired room temperature is maintained within a car body.

Zu Brandschutzzwecken ist es bisher üblich, die Stirnwände der Wagenkästen des Schienenfahrzeugs mit Türen auszustatten und als Feuerschutzabschluss auszuführen. Dies führt dazu, dass jeder Wagen einen eigenen Brandabschnitt bildet, und auf diese Weise eine Ausbreitung von Brandnebenprodukten (Rauchgasen) behindert wird. Infolge dessen wird ein erheblicher konstruktiver Aufwand zur Gewährleistung des Feuerschutzes bei Schienenfahrzeugen getrieben.For fire protection purposes, it has been customary to equip the end walls of the car bodies of the rail vehicle with doors and run as fire protection. This results in each car forming its own fire compartment, thus hindering the spread of fire by-products (flue gases). As a result, a considerable constructive effort to ensure the fire protection of rail vehicles is driven.

Ausgehend hiervon liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Schienenfahrzeugs derart weiterzuentwickeln, dass für einen Brandschutz geringerer konstruktiver Aufwand erforderlich ist, und ein Schienenfahrzeug zur Durchführung des Verfahrens anzugeben.Proceeding from this, the present invention seeks to further develop a method for operating a rail vehicle such that less constructive effort is required for fire protection, and to provide a rail vehicle for carrying out the method.

Diese Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich des Verfahrens gelöst durch ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Schienenfahrzeugs im Brandfalle, bei dem

  1. a) eine Rauchdetektion in einem der Wagen oder Wagenverbund des Schienenfahrzeugs einer Klimaanlage signalisiert wird,
  2. b) die Klimaanlage derart angesteuert wird, dass in dem brandbeanspruchten Wagen oder Wagenverbund eine Zuluft und eine Abluft gezielt angesteuert und ggf. vermindert (Zuluft) bzw. vergrößert (Abluft) wird, jeweils bezogen auf Standardbetriebsbedingungen der Klimaanlage,
  3. c) ein oder mehrere Wagen (Wagenverbund) zu einem virtuellen Rauchabschnitt zusammengefasst werden.
This object is achieved in terms of the method by a method for operating a rail vehicle in case of fire, in which
  1. a) a smoke detection is signaled in one of the carriages or vehicle combination of the rail vehicle of an air conditioner,
  2. b) the air conditioning system is controlled in such a way that a supply air and an exhaust air are specifically controlled and possibly reduced (supply air) or increased (exhaust air) in the fire-exposed vehicle or vehicle combination, in each case based on standard operating conditions of the air conditioning system,
  3. c) one or more cars (carriage combination) are combined to form a virtual smoke section.

Dieses Verfahren gestattet es, dass Luftströmungen aus dem brandbeanspruchten Wagen heraus durch geeignete Steuerung der Zu- und Abluft derart verändert werden, dass die Rauchausbreitung begrenzt bleibt. Da gegenüber normalen Betriebsbedingungen die Luftzufuhr und die Abluft modifiziert werden, werden Brandnebenprodukte über die Abluft, die von aktiven Fortlüftern gebildet sein kann, abgeführt.This method allows the airflows from the vehicle subject to the fire to be changed by suitable control of the supply and exhaust air in such a way that the smoke propagation remains limited. As compared to normal operating conditions, the air supply and the exhaust air are modified, fire by-products are removed via the exhaust air, which may be formed by active exhaust fans.

Bevorzugt wird in Schritt b) für den brandbeanspruchten Wagen bzw. Wagenverbund die Zuluft abgeschaltet und erforderliche Zuluft über eine Lüftungsanlage mindestens eines benachbarten Wagens bzw. Wagenverbund des brandbeanspruchten Wagens bzw. Wagenverbundes zugeführt. Dies hat die Auswirkung, dass von Außerhalb des brandbeanspruchten Wagens bzw. Wagenverbundes eine Luftzufuhr erfolgt, welche verhindert, dass Brandnebenprodukte in benachbarte Wagen gelangen können. Insgesamt ergibt sich eine gerichtete Strömung über die Fortlüfter aus dem brandbeanspruchten Wagen bzw. Wagenverbund heraus, während die Zuluft dieses Wagens bzw. Wagenverbundes selbst vorzugsweise vollständig abgeschaltet sein kann. Zu differenzieren ist dabei unter den Fällen, dass der von dem Brand betroffene Wagen ein Endwagen oder ein Mittelwagen ist. Bei einem Wagenverbund wird unterschieden unter den Fällen, dass der brandbeanspruchte Wagenverbund sich am Ende oder im Mittelteil des Schienenfahrzeuges befindet. In dem Fall eines Endwagens bzw. Endbereichs des Schienenfahrzeugs strömt Zuluft allein über den benachbarten im Mittelbereich befindlichen Wagen ein. Im Falle eines brandbeanspruchten Mittelwagens bzw. Wagenverbundes im Mittelbereich des Schienenfahrzeugs strömt Zuluft aus beiden benachbarten Wagen bzw. Wagenverbünden ein. Dabei ist der Begriff "benachbart" nicht nur im unmittelbaren Sinne zu verstehen. Es ist auch denkbar, dass ein Brand in einem Übergangsbereich zwischen zwei Wagen auftritt. In diesem Fall werden die zwei Wagen als der "vom Brand betroffene Wagen" angesehen, so dass die Lüftungsanlagen der jeweils benachbarten zwei Wagen bzw. der benachbarten Wagenverbünde so eingesetzt werden, wie oben dargestellt.Preferably, in step b) the supply air is switched off and the required supply air is supplied via a ventilation system of at least one adjacent carriage or carriage assembly of the brand-loaded carriage or wagon assembly for the brand-loaded wagon or wagon composite. This has the effect of providing an air supply from outside the branded wagon or wagon assembly which prevents fire byproducts from entering adjacent wagons. Overall, a directed flow through the baffles results from the brand-loaded car or wagon composite, while the supply air of this wagon or wagon composite itself can preferably be switched off completely. It should be differentiated among the cases that the car affected by the fire is a final car or a middle car. In the case of a carriage combination, a distinction is made between the cases in which the vehicle group subjected to fire is at the end or in the middle part of the rail vehicle. In the case of one Endgagens or end portion of the rail vehicle flows supply air alone over the adjacent located in the central area car. In the case of a medium car or vehicle group in the middle area of the rail vehicle which is subject to fire, supply air flows in from both adjacent cars or vehicle networks. The term "neighboring" should not be understood only in the immediate sense. It is also conceivable that a fire occurs in a transitional area between two cars. In this case, the two cars are regarded as the "fire affected car", so that the ventilation systems of the adjacent two cars or the adjacent car assemblies are used as shown above.

Die dargestellte Ansteuerung der Zu- und der Abluft führt zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich in Schritt b) in dem vom Brand betroffenen Wagen bzw. Wagenverbund ein unter dem Atmosphärendruck liegender Druck einstellt, wobei angenommen wird, dass im Standardfall innerhalb der Wagenkästen Atmosphärendruck vorliegt.The illustrated control of the supply and exhaust air leads to the result that in step b) in the affected by the fire wagon or carriage combination sets below the atmospheric pressure, it being assumed that in the standard case is present within the car body atmosphere pressure.

In Schritt b) kann die Abluft für den vom Brand betroffenen Wagen bzw. Wagenverbund maximal eingestellt sein, sodass Rauchgase unmittelbar aus dem Wagen abgeführt werden können.In step b), the exhaust air can be set for the affected by the fire car or wagon composite maximum, so that flue gases can be removed directly from the car.

Zur Optimierung der Zu- und Abluftführung können im Bereich der Wagenübergänge eines jeden Wagens bzw. Wagenverbundes gesonderte Brandschutzeinrichtungen installiert werden, die den Öffnungsquerschnitt in ihrer Höhe von oben nach unten reduzieren, mit dem Ziel, für die Rauchschicht im brandbeanspruchten Bereich eine Rezirkulationszone und im unteren Bereich durch die Querschnittsverringerung eine erhöhte Zuluftgeschwindigkeit zu schaffen. Dies kann bevorzugt durch mobile Rauschürzen oder herunterklappbare Deckenelemente erfolgen. Grundsätzlich wird gewährleistet, dass sich unterhalb dieser Abschottungseinheit Personen zügig bewegen können.To optimize the supply and exhaust air management separate fire protection devices can be installed in the area of the wagon transitions of each car or wagon composite reduce the opening cross section in height from top to bottom, with the aim of the smoke layer in the fire-stressed area a recirculation zone and in the bottom Area by the cross-sectional reduction to provide an increased supply air velocity. This can preferably be done by mobile Rauschürzen or fold-down ceiling elements. In principle, it is ensured that people can move quickly below this foreclosure unit.

Das vorgestellte Verfahren gestattet den Vorteil, dass auf die im Stand der Technik vorgesehenen Feuerabschlusstüren ggf. vollständig verzichtet werden kann, so dass geringerer konstruktiver Aufwand für den Brandschutz erforderlich ist. Hinzu kommt durch den Fortfall der Abschlusstüren, dass ein Fahrgastfluss unter den verschiedenen Wagenkästen des Schienenfahrzeugs verbessert wird. Dies führt zu einem attraktiven Fahrzeugkonzept.The proposed method allows the advantage that can be completely dispensed with if necessary in the prior art Feuerabschlusstüren, so that less design effort for fire protection is required. Added to this is the elimination of the closing doors that a flow of passengers under the various car bodies of the rail vehicle is improved. This leads to an attractive vehicle concept.

Die Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich des Fahrzeugs gelöst durch ein Schienenfahrzeug mit einer Klimaanlage, die von einer zugehörigen Steuereinrichtung gesteuert ist, und einer Anzahl von wenigstens zwei Wagenkästen, die jeweils mit einem Rauchmelder sowie einer Zuluft und einer Ablauf ausgestattet sind, die von der Steuereinrichtung gesteuert sind, wobei die Rauchmelder mit der Steuereinrichtung derart in einer Signalverbindung stehen, dass der Steuereinrichtung das Auftreten eines Brandes in einem betroffenen Wagen bzw. eines Wagenverbundes signalisiert wird, und die Steuereinrichtung derart ausgebildet ist, dass sie bei Signalisierung eines Brandes in dem von dem Brand betroffenen Wagen eine Zuluft und eine Abluft gezielt angesteuert und ggf. vermindert (Zuluft) bzw. vergrößert (Abluft), jeweils bezogen auf Standardbetriebsbedingungen der Klimaanlage.The object is achieved with respect to the vehicle by a rail vehicle with an air conditioner, which is controlled by an associated control device, and a number of at least two car bodies, each equipped with a smoke detector and a supply air and an outlet, which are controlled by the control device in which the smoke detectors are in signal communication with the control device in such a way that the control device is signaled the occurrence of a fire in an affected car or a vehicle network, and the control device is designed such that it signals a fire in the one affected by the fire Car a supply air and an exhaust air selectively controlled and possibly reduced (supply air) or increased (exhaust air), each based on standard operating conditions of the air conditioner.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung noch näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Ansicht eines Schienenfahrzeugs, das zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens zum Brandschutz ausgeführt ist, in einem ersten Anwendungsfall und
Figur 2
eine schematische Ansicht eines Schienenfahrzeugs, das zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens zum Brandschutz ausgeführt ist, in einem zweiten Anwendungsfall und
Figur 3
eine schematische Ansicht eines Schienenfahrzeugs, das zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens zum Brandschutz ausgeführt ist, in einem dritten Anwendungsfall und
Figur 4
eine schematische Ansicht eines Schienenfahrzeugs, das zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens zum Brandschutz ausgeführt ist, in einem vierten Anwendungsfall.
Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Show it:
FIG. 1
a schematic view of a rail vehicle, which is designed to carry out a method for fire protection, in a first application and
FIG. 2
a schematic view of a rail vehicle, which is designed to carry out a method for fire protection, in a second application and
FIG. 3
a schematic view of a rail vehicle, which is designed to carry out a method for fire protection, in a third application and
FIG. 4
a schematic view of a rail vehicle, which is designed to carry out a method for fire protection, in a fourth application.

Die Figuren 1 und 3 zeigen jeweils in Kombination miteinander ein Schienenfahrzeug aus mehreren Wagen, eine Steuereinrichtung 1 einer Klimaanlage zur Steuerung von Zulufteinrichtungen 2 und aktiven Fortlüftern 3, Rauchmeldern 4, sowie eine örtliche Druckverteilung (gemittelte Druckverhältnisse) über die jeweils dargestellten Wagen des Schienenfahrzeugs.The FIGS. 1 and 3 show in each case in combination with each other a rail vehicle of several cars, a control device 1 of an air conditioner for controlling Zulufteinrichtungen 2 and active fans 3, smoke detectors 4, as well as a local pressure distribution (average pressure conditions) on the respective cars of the rail vehicle.

Die Figuren 2 und 4 zeigen jeweils in Kombination miteinander ein Schienenfahrzeug mit Wagenverbünden, eine Steuereinrichtung 1 einer Klimaanlage zur Steuerung von Zulufteinrichtungen 2 und aktiven Fortlüftern 3, Rauchmeldern 4 im Übergangsbereich der beiden den Wagenverbund bildenden Wagen, sowie eine örtliche Druckverteilung (gemittelte Druckverhältnisse) über die jeweils dargestellten Wagenverbünde des Schienenfahrzeugs.The Figures 2 and 4 show in each case in combination with each other a rail vehicle with carriage assemblies, a control device 1 of an air conditioner for controlling Zulufteinrichtungen 2 and active exhaust fans 3, smoke detectors 4 in the transition region of the two cars forming the car composite, and a local pressure distribution (average pressure conditions) on the respective car networks of rail vehicle.

Figur 1 veranschaulicht den Anwendungsfall, dass in einem mittleren von insgesamt fünf Wagen ein Brand ausgebrochen ist. Zunächst ist es erforderlich, das Vorliegen des Brandes zu erfassen. Dazu ist jeder Wagen mit jeweils mindestens zwei Rauchmeldern 4 ausgestattet, die in einer Signalisierungsverbindung mit der Steuereinrichtung 1 stehen. Sobald der Steuereinrichtung 1 das Vorliegen des Brandes im mittleren Wagen mit Hilfe der Rauchmelder 4 signalisiert wird, erfolgt die folgende Steuerung der Zulufteinrichtungen 2 und Fortlüfter 3 (Abluft): FIG. 1 illustrates the use case that a fire broke out in a middle of five cars. First, it is necessary to detect the presence of the fire. For this purpose, each car is equipped with at least two smoke detectors 4, which are in a signaling connection with the control device 1. As soon as the control device 1 is signaled the presence of the fire in the middle car with the help of the smoke detector 4, the following control of Zulufteinrichtungen 2 and 3 exhaust fan (exhaust air) takes place:

Die Fortlüfter 3, die jeweils über brandgeschützte Leitungen mit der Klimaanlage verbunden sind, des vom Brand betroffenen Wagens werden mit maximaler Leistung betrieben, sodass Brandnebenprodukte mit erhöhter Geschwindigkeit aus dem Wagen abgeführt werden. Gleichzeitig wird die Zuluft 2 des vom Brand betroffenen Wagens geschlossen. Eine erforderliche Zuluft erfolgt über die Zulufteinrichtungen 2 der dem vom Brand betroffenen Wagen benachbarten Wagen, so dass aus diesen zwei benachbarten Wagen die Luftströmung jeweils in den vom Brand betroffenen Wagen hinein gerichtet ist. Dies vermindert eine Ausbreitung der Brandnebenprodukte in die benachbarten Wagen, so dass auch ein Übergreifen des Brandes auf die benachbarten Wagen wesentlich behindert wird.The 3 bays, each connected to the A / C system via fire-resistant lines, of the car affected by the fire are operated at maximum power so that fire by-products are removed from the car at a faster rate. At the same time, the supply air 2 of the car affected by the fire is closed. A required supply air via the Zulufteinrichtungen 2 of the car affected by the fire car adjacent, so that from these two adjacent car, the air flow is directed in each case in the car affected by the fire. This reduces the spread of fire by-products in the adjacent car, so that a spillover of the fire is significantly hindered on the adjacent cars.

Bei den beiden in Figur 1 äußeren Wagen ist die Lüftung ausgeschaltet. Sie kann je nach Auslegung des Systems zusätzlich aktiviert werden. Dies ist u.a. abhängig vom Gesamtabluftvolumenstrom im brandbeanspruchten Wagen.At the two in FIG. 1 outside car, the ventilation is off. It can also be activated depending on the design of the system. This depends, among other things, on the total exhaust air volume flow in the fire-stressed car.

Im unteren Bereich der Figur 1 ist der örtliche Druckverlauf (gemittelter Druckverlauf) qualitativ über die fünf dargestellten Wagen des Schienenfahrzeugs dargestellt. Es ist ersichtlich, dass in den benachbarten Wagen ein erhöhter Luftdruck herrscht, während in dem vom Brand betroffenen Wagen ein Unterdruck erzeugt wird. Dies liegt daran, dass die Zuluft im vom Brand betroffenen Wagen unterbunden ist, während die Fortlüfter 3 die Nachströmung sicherstellen.At the bottom of the FIG. 1 the local pressure profile (average pressure curve) is shown qualitatively over the five illustrated carriages of the rail vehicle. It can be seen that there is an increased air pressure in the adjacent cars, while a negative pressure is generated in the car affected by the fire. This is because the supply air is prevented in the car affected by the fire, while the exhaust fan 3 ensure the flow.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2 wird davon ausgegangen, dass der Brand in einem Wagenverbund, bestehend aus 2 Wagen, eines Schienenfahrzeugs ausgebrochen ist. Die Signalisierung des Brandes erfolgt über die Rauchmelder 4 im Bereich des Wagenübergangs. Daraufhin erfolgt die Ansteuerung der Zulufteinrichtung 2 des vom Brand betroffenen Wagenverbundes wiederum so, dass sie geschlossen wird, während die Fortlüfter 3 des Wagenverbundes bei maximaler Leistung betrieben werden. Eine erforderliche Zuluft erfolgt über die Zulufteinrichtungen 2 der benachbarten Wagen des brandbeanspruchten Wagenverbundes, sodass aus diesen zwei benachbarten Wagen die Luftströmung jeweils in den vom Brand betroffenen Wagenverbund hinein gerichtet ist. Dies vermindert eine Ausbreitung der Brandnebenprodukte in die benachbarten Wagen, so dass auch ein Übergreifen des Brandes auf die benachbarten Wagen wesentlich behindert wird.According to the embodiment FIG. 2 It is assumed that the fire broke out in a carriage assembly consisting of 2 wagons of a rail vehicle. The signaling of the fire via the smoke detector 4 in the area of the car crossing. Thereafter, the control of the Zulufteinrichtung 2 of the affected by the fire car combination again takes place so that it is closed, while the 3 fans of the car network are operated at maximum power. A required supply air via the Zulufteinrichtungen 2 of the adjacent car of fire-prone wagon composite, so that from these two adjacent car, the air flow is directed in each case in the car-affected by the fire composite. This reduces the spread of fire by-products in the adjacent car, so that a spillover of the fire is significantly hindered on the adjacent cars.

Bei den beiden in Figur 2 äußeren Wagen ist die Lüftung ausgeschaltet. Sie kann je nach Auslegung des Systems zusätzlich aktiviert werden. Dies ist u.a. abhängig vom Gesamtabluftvolumenstrom im brandbeanspruchten Wagen. Des Weiteren kann die Zuluft über benachbarte Wagenverbünde sichergestellt werden.At the two in FIG. 2 outside car, the ventilation is off. It can also be activated depending on the design of the system. This depends, among other things, on the total exhaust air volume flow in the fire-stressed car. Furthermore, the supply air can be ensured via adjacent car networks.

Die zugehörige Druckverteilung ergibt sich aus dem unteren Teil von Figur 2. Es ist ersichtlich, dass in dem benachbarten Wagen ein Überdruck herrscht, während in dem vom Brand betroffenen Wagenverbund ein Unterdruck erzeugt wird.The associated pressure distribution results from the lower part of FIG. 2 , It can be seen that there is an overpressure in the adjacent carriage, while a negative pressure is generated in the carriage assembly affected by the fire.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 3 wird davon ausgegangen, dass der Brand in einem Endwagen eines Schienenfahrzeugs ausgebrochen ist. Die Signalisierung des Brandes erfolgt wiederum über die Rauchmelder 4. Daraufhin erfolgt die Ansteuerung der Zulufteinrichtung 2 des vom Brand betroffenen Wagens wiederum so, dass sie geschlossen wird, während die Fortlüfter 3 bei maximaler Leistung betrieben werden. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel existiert nur ein benachbarter Wagen, bei dem in derselben Weise verfahren wird, wie oben bei den beiden benachbarten Wagen nach dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel. Dies bedeutet, dass die Zulufteinrichtung 2 des benachbarten Wagens für die erforderliche Zuluft des vom Brand betroffenen Wagens sorgt, so dass Brandnebenprodukte über die Fortlüfter 3 des vom Brand betroffenen Wagens abgeführt werden können.According to the embodiment FIG. 3 it is assumed that the fire has broken out in a terminal car of a rail vehicle. The signaling of the fire is in turn via the smoke detector 4. Then, the control of the air supply device 2 of the car affected by the fire turn so that it is closed, while the baffles 3 are operated at maximum power. In this embodiment, there is only one adjacent carriage in which to move in the same manner as above in the two adjacent carriages according to the first embodiment. This means that the air supply device 2 of the adjacent car provides the required supply air of the car affected by the fire so that fire by-products can be discharged via the fans 3 of the car affected by the fire.

Die zugehörige Druckverteilung ergibt sich aus dem unteren Teil von Figur 3. Es ist ersichtlich, dass in dem benachbarten Wagen ein Überdruck herrscht, während in dem vom Brand betroffenen Wagen ein Unterdruck erzeugt wird.The associated pressure distribution results from the lower part of FIG. 3 , It can be seen that in the an overpressure prevails on adjacent carriages while a negative pressure is generated in the car affected by the fire.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 4 wird davon ausgegangen, dass der Brand in einem am Ende des Schienefahrzeugs befindlichen Wagenverbund ausgebrochen ist. Die Signalisierung des Brandes erfolgt wiederum über die Rauchmelder 4. Daraufhin erfolgt die Ansteuerung der Zulufteinrichtungen 2 des vom Brand betroffenen Wagenverbunds wiederum so, dass sie geschlossen werden, während die Fortlüfter 3 im Wagenverbund bei maximaler Leistung betrieben werden. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel existiert nur ein benachbarter Wagen bzw. Wagenverbund, bei dem in derselben Weise verfahren wird, wie bei Figur 2. Dies bedeutet, dass die Zulufteinrichtungen 2 des benachbarten Wagens bzw. Wagenverbundes für die erforderliche Zuluft des vom Brand betroffenen Wagenverbundes sorgen, so dass Brandnebenprodukte über die Fortlüfter 3 des vom Brand betroffenen Wagenverbundes abgeführt werden können.According to the embodiment FIG. 4 it is assumed that the fire has broken out in a wagon assembly at the end of the rail vehicle. The signaling of the fire is in turn via the smoke detector 4. Then, the control of the Zulufteinrichtungen 2 of the affected by the fire car combination turn so that they are closed, while the baffles 3 are operated in the car network at maximum power. In this embodiment, there is only one adjacent carriage in which to proceed in the same manner as in FIG FIG. 2 , This means that the Zulufteinrichtungen 2 of the adjacent car or wagon composite provide the required supply air of the affected by the car wagon association, so that fire by-products can be removed via the buffers 3 of the affected by the fire car association.

Die zugehörige Druckverteilung ergibt sich aus dem unteren Teil von Figur 4. Es ist ersichtlich, dass in dem benachbarten Wagen bzw. Wagenverbund ein Überdruck herrscht, während in dem vom Brand betroffenen Wagenverbundes ein Unterdruck erzeugt wird.The associated pressure distribution results from the lower part of FIG. 4 , It can be seen that there is an overpressure in the adjacent carriage or carriage assembly, while a negative pressure is generated in the carriage assembly affected by the fire.

Es ergibt sich, dass nach dem vorgestellten Verfahren auf Feuerschutzabschlüsse gegebenenfalls vollständig verzichtet werden kann, da auf andere Weise eine Ausbreitung von Brandnebenprodukten in benachbarte Wagen wirksam behindert wird. Der Ausbreitung von Brandnebenprodukten wird durch aktive Steuerung der Klimatisierungseinrichtungen, wie den Zulufteinrichtungen 2 und den Fortlüftern 3, entgegengewirkt. Dies ermöglicht die Realisierung offener Zugkonzepte, ohne die Sicherheit von Fahrgästen zu beeinträchtigen, was den Brandschutz betrifft.It follows that, according to the method presented, fire protection closures may possibly be completely dispensed with, since in other ways the spread of fire by-products into adjacent wagons is effectively hindered. The spread of fire byproducts is counteracted by active control of the air conditioning devices, such as the supply devices 2 and the fans 3. This allows the realization of open train concepts without compromising the safety of passengers in terms of fire safety.

Insgesamt ist zu berücksichtigen, dass eine Bemessung der Zu- und Abluftvolumenströme sowie deren Lage und Anordnung im Schienenfahrzeug im Wesentlichen abhängig von einem zu erwartenden Brandereignis sind. Dieses ist gekennzeichnet durch einen zeitlichen Verlauf einer Wärmefreisetzungsrate und der Produktion von Brandnebenprodukten. Die jeweilige Bemessung des Brandszenarios sowie des Abschottungssystems wird daher üblicher Weise im Einzelfall unter Berücksichtigung der eingesetzten Materialien (Innenwandverkleidungen, Fahrgastsitze, usw.) und technischen Einrichtungen im Schienenfahrzeug erfolgen.Overall, it must be taken into consideration that a design of the intake and exhaust air volume flows and their position and arrangement in the rail vehicle are essentially dependent on an expected fire event. This is characterized by a time course of a heat release rate and the production of fire by-products. The respective design of the fire scenario and the Abschottungssystems is therefore usually done in individual cases, taking into account the materials used (interior wall panels, passenger seats, etc.) and technical facilities in the rail vehicle.

Claims (10)

Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Schienenfahrzeugs im Brandfalle, bei dem a) eine Rauchdetektion in einem der Wagen oder Wagenverbund des Schienenfahrzeugs einer Klimaanlage signalisiert wird, b) die Klimaanlage derart angesteuert wird, dass in dem brandbeanspruchten Wagen oder Wagenverbund eine Zuluft und eine Abluft gezielt angesteuert und ggf. vermindert (Zuluft) bzw. vergrößert (Abluft) wird, c) ein oder mehrere Wagen (Wagenverbund) zu einem virtuellen Rauchabschnitt zusammengefasst werden. Method for operating a rail vehicle in case of fire, in which a) a smoke detection is signaled in one of the carriages or vehicle combination of the rail vehicle of an air conditioner, b) the air conditioning system is controlled in such a way that a supply air and an exhaust air are specifically controlled and possibly reduced (supply air) or increased (exhaust air) in the vehicle or vehicle composite subjected to fire c) one or more cars (carriage combination) are combined to form a virtual smoke section. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem
in Schritt b) für den von dem Brand betroffenen Wagen bzw. Wagenverbundes die Zuluft abgeschaltet und erforderliche Zuluft über eine Lüftungsanlage eines dem vom Brand betroffenen Wagen bzw. Wagenverbundes benachbarten Wagens bzw. Wagenverbundes zugeführt wird.The method of claim 1, wherein
in step b) the supply air is switched off for the wagon or wagon assembly affected by the fire and the required supply air is supplied via a ventilation system of a wagon or wagon assembly adjacent to the wagon or wagon assembly affected by the fire. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, bei dem
die Klimaanlage in Schritt b) so gesteuert wird, dass in dem vom Brand betroffenen Wagen bzw. Wagenverbundes ein unter dem Atmosphärendruck liegender Druck eingestellt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, in which
the air conditioning in step b) is controlled so that in the affected by the fire car or wagon composite is set below the atmospheric pressure. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei dem
in Schritt b) die Abluft für den vom Brand betroffenen Wagen bzw. Wagenverbundes maximal und die Zuluft aus den benachbarten Wagen bzw. Wagenverbünden dementsprechend eingestellt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which
in step b) the exhaust air is maximally adjusted for the car affected by the fire or wagon composite and the supply air from the adjacent wagon or wagon networks is adjusted accordingly. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei dem
zur Optimierung der Zu- und Abluftführung im Bereich der Wagenübergänge eines jeden Wagens bzw. Wagenverbundes gesonderte Brandschutzeinrichtungen in Form von mobilen Rauchschürzen oder herunterklappbaren Deckenelementen installiert werden, die den Öffnungsquerschnitt in ihrer Höhe von oben nach unten reduzieren, mit dem Ziel, für die Rauchschicht im brandbeanspruchten Bereich eine Rezirkulationszone und im unteren Bereich durch die Querschnittsverringerung eine erhöhte Zuluftgeschwindigkeit zu schaffen.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which
for optimizing the supply and exhaust air routing in the area of the wagon crossings of each wagon or wagon composite separate fire protection devices in the form of mobile smoke curtains or fold-down ceiling elements are installed, which reduce the opening cross-section in height from top to bottom, with the aim of creating a recirculation zone for the smoke layer in the fire-stressed area and an increased supply air speed in the lower area by the cross-sectional reduction. Schienenfahrzeug mit einer Klimaanlage, die von einer zugehörigen Steuereinrichtung (1) gesteuert ist, und einer Anzahl von wenigstens zwei Wagenkästen, die jeweils mit einem Rauchmelder (4) sowie einer Zuluft und einer Abluft ausgestattet sind, die von der Steuereinrichtung (1) gesteuert sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Rauchmelder (4) mit der Steuereinrichtung (1) derart in einer Signalverbindung stehen, dass der Steuereinrichtung (1) das Auftreten eines Brandes in einem betroffenen Wagen bzw. Wagenverbundes signalisiert wird, und die Steuereinrichtung (1) derart ausgebildet ist, dass sie bei Signalisierung eines Brandes in dem von dem Brand betroffenen Wagen eine Zuluft und eine Abluft gezielt ansteuert und ggf. vermindert (Zuluft) bzw. vergrößert (Abluft), jeweils bezogen auf Standardbetriebsbedingungen der Klimaanlage.A railway vehicle with an air conditioning system controlled by an associated control device (1) and a number of at least two car bodies each equipped with a smoke detector (4) and a supply air and an exhaust air controlled by the control device (1) .
characterized in that
the smoke detector (4) with the control device (1) are in a signal connection that the control device (1) the occurrence of a fire is signaled in an affected car or vehicle network, and the control device (1) is designed so that they at Signaling of a fire in the car affected by the fire a supply air and exhaust air selectively controls and possibly reduced (supply air) or increased (exhaust air), each based on standard operating conditions of the air conditioner. Schienenfahrzeug nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Steuereinrichtung (1) derart ausgebildet ist, dass sie für den von dem Brand betroffenen Wagen bzw. Wagenverbund die Zuluft abschaltet und erforderliche Zuluft über eine Lüftungsanlage eines benachbarten Wagens bzw. Wagenverbundes des brandbeanspruchten Wagens bzw. Wagenverbundes zugeführt wird.Rail vehicle according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the control device (1) is designed in such a way that it shuts off the supply air for the wagon or wagon assembly affected by the fire, and the required supply air is supplied via a ventilation system of an adjacent wagon or wagon assembly of the wagon or wagon assembly subjected to fire. Schienenfahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Steuereinrichtung (1) derart ausgebildet ist, dass sie in dem von Brand betroffenen Wagen bzw. Wagenverbund durch Ansteuern der Zuluft und der Abluft dieses Wagens bzw. Wagenverbundes sowie der Lüftungsanlage eines benachbarten Wagens bzw. Wagenverbundes in den vom Brand betroffenen Wagen bzw. Wagenverbund einen unter dem Atmosphärischendruck liegenden Druck einstellt.Rail vehicle according to one of claims 5 or 6,
characterized in that
the control device (1) is designed such that it is in the affected by fire car or wagon assembly by controlling the supply air and exhaust air of this car or wagon assembly and the ventilation system of an adjacent car or wagon composite in the affected by the fire car or wagon sets a pressure below the atmospheric pressure. Schienenfahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Steuereinrichtung (1) derart ausgebildet ist, dass sie die Abluft für den vom Brand betroffenen Wagen bzw. Wagenverbund maximal einstellt.Rail vehicle according to one of claims 5 to 7,
characterized in that
the control device (1) is designed in such a way that it sets the exhaust air for the wagon or wagon assembly affected by the fire to a maximum. Schienenfahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
eine Zuleitung von der Klimaanlage zu Fortlüftern der Abluft brandgeschützt ausgeführt ist.Rail vehicle according to one of claims 5 to 8,
characterized in that
a supply line from the air conditioning to vent the exhaust air is fire protected.
EP10153710.8A 2009-02-18 2010-02-16 Method for operating a rail vehicle in the case of fire and rail vehicle equipped for same Active EP2239177B1 (en)

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WO2013185185A1 (en) * 2012-06-15 2013-12-19 Sigma Coachair Group Pty Ltd Method for operating an air conditioning system intended for heating, cooling and/or ventilating an inner space of a rail vehicle
EP2867591A4 (en) * 2012-06-15 2017-03-15 Sigma Coachair Group Pty Ltd Method for operating an air conditioning system intended for heating, cooling and/or ventilating an inner space of a rail vehicle
WO2014045430A1 (en) * 2012-09-24 2014-03-27 株式会社 日立製作所 Control method for air conditioning and ventilation system for train set
GB2520869A (en) * 2012-09-24 2015-06-03 Hitachi Ltd Control method for air conditioning and ventilation system for train set
JP5945328B2 (en) * 2012-09-24 2016-07-05 株式会社日立製作所 Control method of air-conditioning ventilation system for vehicle organization
DE112012006745B4 (en) * 2012-09-24 2017-02-02 Hitachi, Ltd. Control method for air conditioning and ventilation system for a train
GB2567735A (en) * 2012-09-24 2019-04-24 Hitachi Ltd Control method for air conditioning and ventilation system for train set
GB2520869B (en) * 2012-09-24 2019-08-28 Hitachi Ltd Control method for air conditioning and ventilation system for a train set in the event of a fire
GB2567735B (en) * 2012-09-24 2019-08-28 Hitachi Ltd Control method for air conditioning and ventilation system for a train set in the event of a fire
CN102874264A (en) * 2012-10-31 2013-01-16 株洲南车时代电气股份有限公司 Ventilation device for bullet train
CN102874264B (en) * 2012-10-31 2015-09-16 株洲南车时代电气股份有限公司 A kind of Ventilation device for bullet train
DE102014226279A1 (en) * 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vehicle with emergency operation for air conditioning

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EP2239177A3 (en) 2013-02-13
DE102009009428B4 (en) 2013-02-28
DE102009009428A1 (en) 2010-08-26
DK2239177T3 (en) 2017-11-06
PT2239177T (en) 2017-10-20
PL2239177T3 (en) 2018-05-30
ES2645378T3 (en) 2017-12-05

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