EP2238069A1 - Grappin - Google Patents

Grappin

Info

Publication number
EP2238069A1
EP2238069A1 EP08864616A EP08864616A EP2238069A1 EP 2238069 A1 EP2238069 A1 EP 2238069A1 EP 08864616 A EP08864616 A EP 08864616A EP 08864616 A EP08864616 A EP 08864616A EP 2238069 A1 EP2238069 A1 EP 2238069A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grab
grapple
actuator
sections
grapple sections
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08864616A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kalle Pohjola
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rannikon Konetekniikka Oy
Original Assignee
Rannikon Konetekniikka Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rannikon Konetekniikka Oy filed Critical Rannikon Konetekniikka Oy
Publication of EP2238069A1 publication Critical patent/EP2238069A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47H—FURNISHINGS FOR WINDOWS OR DOORS
    • A47H1/00—Curtain suspension devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B19/00—Arrangements or adaptations of ports, doors, windows, port-holes, or other openings or covers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/04—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by magnetic means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C3/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith and intended primarily for transmitting lifting forces to loose materials; Grabs
    • B66C3/02—Bucket grabs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C3/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith and intended primarily for transmitting lifting forces to loose materials; Grabs
    • B66C3/14—Grabs opened or closed by driving motors thereon
    • B66C3/16—Grabs opened or closed by driving motors thereon by fluid motors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/32—Parts, components, construction details, accessories, interior equipment, specially adapted for tents, e.g. guy-line equipment, skirts, thresholds
    • E04H15/58—Closures; Awnings; Sunshades
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B9/40—Roller blinds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/56—Operating, guiding or securing devices or arrangements for roll-type closures; Spring drums; Tape drums; Counterweighting arrangements therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a grab having a body, at least two grapple sections pivotally connected to the body, having a first end and a second end, and actuators for changing the position of the grapple sections.
  • Grabs are loading devices especially intended for handling loose materials, having a body, a number of grapple sections pivotally connected to the body and actuators for moving the grapple sections.
  • the body has a suspension element by which the grab is attached to the lifting apparatus, such as a crane.
  • the number of grapple sections may vary depending on the type and model of the grab. The smallest number of grapple sections is two. If there are more than two grapple sections, they are generally arranged symmetrically around the body in a circle.
  • the grab can be set to an opened position in which the grapple sections are separate from each other, and to a closed position in which the grapple sections are settled against each other and define a cavity space between them.
  • the grapple sections are moved between the opened and closed position by an actuator, which is generally either a hydraulic cylinder or a pulley-cable mechanism. When the grapple sections move to a different position, they rotate around their coupling joint.
  • Prior art grabs have many drawbacks.
  • the actuators needed for moving the grap- pie sections are located outside the grab body, and may therefore become damaged during the use of the grab. In order to ensure the operating condition of the actuators, they must generally be protected by separate protective structures, which increases the manufacturing costs of the grab.
  • the grapple sections are connected to the body by a coupling joint, which is located at one end of the grap- pie section. During use, the grapple sections are subjected to high loads in different directions, which causes stress on the coupling joint. Because of the structure of the grab, the coupling joints must often be made small, which weakens their durability and reduces the loading capacity. In particular, this concerns grabs having a plurality of grapple sections coupled symmetrically around the body in a circle.
  • a grab with two grapple sections is described in the reference SU 1013392 A.
  • the grapple sections are coupled to the body of the grab by elongated connecting rods. It is an objective of the invention to provide a grab with a new kind of structure, by which the drawbacks and disadvantages related to the prior art solutions can be significantly reduced.
  • the grab according to the invention is a loading device especially suitable for handling loose materials, and it can be attached to a loader or lifting apparatus, such as a crane.
  • the grab has a body, at least two grapple sections pivotally con- nected to the body, with a first end and a second end, and actuators for changing the position of the grapple sections.
  • the grapple sections can be rotated around their articulated connecting points between an opened and a closed position. In the closed position, the grapple sections form a space substantially closed at the lower part for the loose material being handled. In the opened state, the grapple sections are turned to a position in which they are separate from each other.
  • the grapple sections are pivotally connected at their second end to an actuator adjusting the position of the sections and to the body of the grab from the area between the first and the second end.
  • the coupling of the sections to the body has been implemented by swaged links.
  • Swaged links are wide coupling elements, which provide durable and torsionally rigid coupling between the grapple section and the body. It is possible to use swaged links, because at the selected coupling point between the grapple section and the body, the structure of the grab does not limit the size of the coupling element used.
  • the actuator for changing the position of the grapple section is an actuator with adjustable length and a first end and a second end.
  • the actuator is coupled at its first end either directly or through a connecting piece to the second end of the grapple section and at its second end to the body of the grab.
  • said actuator with adjustable length is a piston-cylinder actuator, such as a hydraulic cylinder.
  • the swaged link has two parallel suspension plates having a first end and a second end.
  • the grapple sections have first lugs to which the first ends of the suspension plates are pivotally connected, and the first surface of the body plate has second lugs to which the second ends of the suspension plates are pivotally connected.
  • Preferably said second lugs are disposed on the outer circumference of the body plate or in its vicinity.
  • grapple sections which are located symmetrically around an imaginary central axis of the grab.
  • the number of grapple sections may also be other than six, such as two, three, four, five or eight.
  • the invention has the advantage that the stress imposed on the coupling mechanism is low, which improves the durability of the grab and increases its operating life.
  • the invention has the advantage that when the support of the grab is located substantially closer to the tip of the grapple section, the grapple sections are not required to have high torsional rigidity, and therefore the grapple sections generally need not have an enclosed structure. This reduces the manufacturing costs of the grab.
  • a special advantage of an embodiment of the invention is that only one actuator is needed in it for changing the position of the grapple sections. This means clear savings in the manufacturing costs of the device.
  • a special advantage of another embodiment of the invention is that the actuator for changing the position of the grapple sections is located inside the body of the apparatus, where it is protected from mechanical stress. Thus there is no need to provide separate protective structures for the actuator.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example of a grab according to the invention in side elevation with the grab in the closed position
  • Fig. 2 shows the grab of Fig. 1 in side elevation with the grab in an opened position
  • Fig. 3 shows an example of a grab in an opened position from below
  • Fig. 4 shows an example of a grab in an opened position obliquely from below.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example of a grab according to the invention in side elevation.
  • the grab has a body plate 10 shaped like a regular hexagon, under which six grapple sections 12 are attached by means of swaged links 14.
  • the grapple sections have a curved, platelike wall 16 and a support rib attached on the outside of the wall.
  • the shape of the walls is such that they have a maximum width in the centre part of the grapple section, and the width is reduced towards the ends of the grapple section.
  • the support rib is permanently attached to the outer surface of the wall, preferably by welding.
  • At the first end of the grapple section there is a tip piece 20 attached to the support rib detachably.
  • the grapple sections are attached in a circular array so that they are located symmetrically around the imaginary central axis of the grab.
  • the figure shows the grab in a closed position, in which the grapple sections are set against each other.
  • the grapple sections thus define a cavity space closed at its lower part for the loose material handled by the grab.
  • the grapple sections are attached to the first surface of the body plate 10 facing downward by means of swaged links 14.
  • the swaged links have two parallel, platelike suspension plates, the first suspension plate 22a and a second suspension plate 22b, which are connected to each other by a pipelike connecting rod 24.
  • the first ends of the suspension plates are coupled to the first lugs 26 on the outer surface of the wall of the grapple section with first coupling bolts 28, and the second ends of the suspension plates are coupled to the second lugs 30 on the first surface of the body plate, near the outer circumference of the body plate with second coupling bolts 32.
  • the mutual distance between the lugs attached to the first surface of the body plate and the outer surface of the wall of the grapple section is preferably equal, whereby the suspension plates of the swaged link are set in a substantially parallel position.
  • the mutual distance between the suspension plates may be 0.5 to 2.0 times the length of the suspension plate, for example.
  • the mutual distance between the suspension plates is substantially equal to the length of the suspension plates.
  • the swaged link is thus a substantially wider supporting part of the grapple section than a single rod.
  • the support plates 34 On the second surface of the body plate facing upwards there are six essentially trapezoidal support plates 34 having a base edge 36 and a top edge 38, which are parallel, and two side edges 40, which are divergent.
  • the support plates are fastened at their base edge to the second surface of the body plate in a circular array so that together they constitute an enclosed supporting structure, which resembles a truncated pyramid.
  • the adjacent support plates are attached to each other at their side edges.
  • the side band of the top edge 38 of the support plates is bent to an angle so that the bent side bands form a hexagonal collar 42.
  • Two opposite support plates have a suspension hole 44 at the collar for the coupling bolt (not shown) of the grab.
  • the grapple sections 12 are moved between the opened and closed position with a hydraulic cylinder 50, which is placed mainly within the enclosed space defined by the support plates.
  • the support plates protect the hy- draulic cylinder from mechanical stress coming from above and from the side direction.
  • a coupling hole 52 At the second end 51b of the hydraulic cylinder there is a coupling hole 52, which is concentric with the suspension hole 44.
  • the second end of the hydraulic cylinder is coupled to the grab by a coupling bolt (not shown) fitted to the collar 42 of the supporting structure.
  • the grabs are brought to the closed position by moving the second ends of the grapple sections upward, whereby the grapple sec- tions rotate around the first coupling bolts to the position shown in Fig. 1.
  • the position of the grapple sections is changed by changing the length of the hydraulic cylinder 50 inside the grab in a manner to be described later.
  • Fig. 3 shows the grab of Fig. 2 from the bottom.
  • a round through-hole 54 to which the second ends of the support ribs 18 of the grapple sections 12 extend.
  • a cross connector 56 on the outer circumference of which there is one clevis 58 for each grapple section.
  • the clevis consists of two parallel, platelike lugs with a slot between them for receiving the second end of the support rib.
  • a concentric through-hole in which a coupling pin is fitted.
  • the coupling between the support rib and the clevis can be implemented by means of a ball joint, for example. This allows the cross connector to tilt freely in every direction, and the grapple sections can adjust their position according to the load in the grab.
  • the cross connector In the centre of the cross connector there is a rectangular through-hole 62, to which the first end 51a of the hydraulic cylinder is fitted.
  • the first end of the hydraulic cylinder is coupled to the cross connector by a coupling pin 64, which runs through a hole in the first end of the cylinder.
  • a coupling pin 64 There are holes (not shown in the drawing) on the sides of the through-hole 62 in the cross connector for receiving the coupling pin of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • Fig. 4 shows the grab of Figures 2 and 3 as seen obliquely from below.
  • one grapple section 12 has been removed from the drawing.
  • the position of the grapple sections is changed by means of the hydraulic cylinder 50.
  • the length of the hydraulic cylinder is increased by pushing the piston out from the cylinder, whereby the distance of the cross connector 56 and the second ends of the grapple sections attached to it from the body plate 10 increases.
  • the grapple sections then rotate around the first coupling bolts 28 to become separate from each other in the opened position according to Figures 2, 3 and 4.
  • the hydraulic cylinder is shortened by pulling the piston into the cylinder.
  • the cross connector and the second ends of the grap- pie sections then move towards the body plate, and the grapple sections rotate around the first coupling bolts toward the closed position shown in Fig. 1.
  • the grab according to the invention also comprises means for conducting hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder and for controlling the operation of the hydraulic cylinder of the control device.
  • This is ordinary technique used in construction ma- chines, and therefore they are not shown in the figures.
  • the invention also enables the use of some other suitable actuator, by which the cross connector can be moved in relation to the body plate. It is also possible to implement the invention entirely without the cross connector by connecting one end of each grapple section separately to the body of the grab with an actuator having an adjustable length, such as a hydraulic cylinder.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un grappin qui présente un corps (10, 34), au moins deux sections de mâchoire (12) reliées de manière pivotante au corps, et des actionneurs (50) servant à changer la position des sections de mâchoire. Le grappin présente de préférence six sections de mâchoire, qui sont situées symétriquement autour d'un axe central imaginaire du grappin. À l'aide des actionneurs, les sections de mâchoire peuvent être entraînées en rotation autour de leurs points de couplage articulés entre une position ouverte et une position fermée. Les sections de mâchoire sont couplées au corps du grappin par des liaisons estampées (14). L'actionneur ayant une longueur réglable pour changer la position de la section de mâchoire est un actionneur qui est couplé au niveau de sa première extrémité soit directement, soit par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce de liaison, à la seconde extrémité de la section de mâchoire et, au niveau de sa seconde extrémité, au corps du grappin. De préférence, l'actionneur est un actionneur à vérin, tel qu'un vérin hydraulique. Dans un mode de réalisation du grappin, il ne possède qu'un seul actionneur pour changer la position des sections de mâchoire. Le corps du grappin comporte une plaque de corps (10), un trou traversant se trouvant au milieu pour l'actionneur. Des plaques de support (34), qui forment une structure de support fermée pour protéger l'actionneur, sont fixées à la seconde surface de la plaque de corps. Les liaisons estampées portant les sections de mâchoire sont reliées aux tenons (26) situés sur la circonférence externe de la première surface de la plaque de corps.
EP08864616A 2007-12-20 2008-12-19 Grappin Withdrawn EP2238069A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20075945A FI20075945L (fi) 2007-12-20 2007-12-20 Lohkokahmari
PCT/FI2008/050779 WO2009080897A1 (fr) 2007-12-20 2008-12-19 Grappin

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2238069A1 true EP2238069A1 (fr) 2010-10-13

Family

ID=38951640

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08864616A Withdrawn EP2238069A1 (fr) 2007-12-20 2008-12-19 Grappin

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2238069A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI20075945L (fr)
RU (1) RU2010128082A (fr)
UA (1) UA98190C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009080897A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104234178A (zh) * 2014-09-27 2014-12-24 吉林省北欧重型机械股份有限公司 球形筐式挖斗

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE820626C (de) * 1950-09-13 1951-11-12 Demag Greiferfabrik G M B H Mehrarmgreifer
US2820664A (en) * 1952-10-22 1958-01-21 Mende Fritz Multiple shell grab
US3023044A (en) * 1956-04-03 1962-02-27 Joy Mfg Co Grapple
US3294435A (en) * 1965-05-24 1966-12-27 Erie Strayer Company Hydraulically actuated grapple
DE1506520C3 (de) * 1966-06-08 1974-08-29 Sven Erik Holbaek Hansen (Daenemark) Mehrarmiger Greifer

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2009080897A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20075945A0 (fi) 2007-12-20
FI20075945L (fi) 2009-06-21
RU2010128082A (ru) 2012-01-27
UA98190C2 (en) 2012-04-25
WO2009080897A1 (fr) 2009-07-02

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