EP2229570A1 - Élément pour transfert de chaleur et/ou mise en oeuvre technique de réaction et procédé de production dudit élément - Google Patents

Élément pour transfert de chaleur et/ou mise en oeuvre technique de réaction et procédé de production dudit élément

Info

Publication number
EP2229570A1
EP2229570A1 EP08857751A EP08857751A EP2229570A1 EP 2229570 A1 EP2229570 A1 EP 2229570A1 EP 08857751 A EP08857751 A EP 08857751A EP 08857751 A EP08857751 A EP 08857751A EP 2229570 A1 EP2229570 A1 EP 2229570A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
tube
component according
concave
microstructure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08857751A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2229570B1 (fr
Inventor
Udo Hellwig
Andreas Schulz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Erk Eckrohrkessel GmbH
Original Assignee
Erk Eckrohrkessel GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Erk Eckrohrkessel GmbH filed Critical Erk Eckrohrkessel GmbH
Publication of EP2229570A1 publication Critical patent/EP2229570A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2229570B1 publication Critical patent/EP2229570B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/08—Tubular elements crimped or corrugated in longitudinal section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
    • F28F13/187—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings especially adapted for evaporator surfaces or condenser surfaces, e.g. with nucleation sites

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for increasing the efficiency of the heat and mass transport and the chemical reactivity of plants for the transfer of heat energy and equipment for technical Reactio ⁇ s entry with the focus of heterogeneous catalysis, used with molded-in structures components and methods for the production of Microstructures on their surfaces, wherein the components have properties that give the process according to the system to be used high efficiency and mode of action.
  • the solution thus found provides a complex process and a product manufactured therefor, which can be used with excellent results for this purpose, but receives a restriction by the shape of the components used for this purpose, in particular heat transfer surfaces. Furthermore, the solution according to the invention does not reveal any information which the use of the microstructures outside the intended heat transfer seems to be suitable.
  • DE 1 066 213 B1 discloses a solution according to which heat exchanger tubes are equipped with longitudinal ribs on their surfaces. These ribs have a macroscopic structure which has not been further specified in the disclosure and in the claims. The ribs on the tubes are used to transfer heat by convection alone. The font also gives no information as to how phase change processes can be initiated when overflowing.
  • DE 196 50 881 A1 discloses a method and a device with which microstructures are produced by means of ion beam techniques. Likewise, these microstructures are galvanically grown through a pore mask. However, the disclosure of the scope of the patent provides a method of vapor depositing the metal stellite layer onto a film mask, and then the metal starting layer is not stripped and thus is not free for use. The presentation of the invention gives no information about the use of the macrostructures thus produced.
  • US 4,288,897 discloses a method by which a porous structure is created by applying foamed films, but does not result in a pin-like microstructure with targeted alignment and position.
  • the arrangement of the pinartige ⁇ structure is disordered, especially in the dimensions pin diameter and density, tilt angle, pin shape.
  • the claim request does not produce such information.
  • Main body can grow up. This process is only vaguely known by saying that a thermal or galvanic process is to be used.
  • Vague indications suggest that a layer of silver may have been applied to the surface in which the Wtskers may be embedded.
  • the skilled person gives this document no information in the hand to exercise the invention without inventive step.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for increasing the effectiveness of the heat and mass transport and the chemical reactivity of systems for the transfer of heat energy and equipment for technical reaction with the focus of heterogeneous catalysis, used with molded-in structures components and methods for the production of microstructures on their surfaces, wherein the components have properties which give the plants and processes to be used according to a high degree of effectiveness and mode of action, with which conditions are obtained, in principle components structured with secondary forms and groups for this purpose To make available that have microstructures to operate plants of the generic type with high efficiency and to reduce the technical and technological effort for their production.
  • a method for increasing the efficiency of heat and mass transfer and the chemical reactivity for the operation of heat energy transfer systems and the technical reaction management with the emphasis of heterogeneous catalysis wherein the reactants arranged longitudinally or transversely to the main transport direction, formed by means of molded-in components components, and these components have flat or even or non-uniformly curved contours or formed as pipes or pipe groups, the structuring are designed as si ⁇ oidale side shapes in various arrangements of different geometries and the heat transfer of one or more the fluid (s) flowing over the reaction surfaces and the fluid (s) flowing in the tubes inside the tube occur on one or more fluid (s) flowing around the tube or in the opposite way and one Change in the flow behavior of the medium or the media due to disruptions of the boundary and lower-layer flows and different Shares the core flows with induction of significant turbulence levels and periodically increasing the local flow rate by sequential narrowing or reducing the average pipe cross-section in the tubes is obtained.
  • surfaces of material webs equipped with molded structures, in particular sinoid secondary forms, and pipes provided with structured walls, the surfaces of which are covered with completely covering microstructures which are equipped with selected microstructure elements (microspikes). are provided in arrangement of different, regular or irregular geometries, by which a multiple enlargement of the contact surfaces with the respective fluid, an increase in Be ⁇ etzungs familia and intensity is obtained by an interaction of the surfaces with sinoidal Mauformen and therein microstructures of the tubes and webs a substantial increase in the heat and mass transport and the chemical reactivity is obtained.
  • the solution according to the invention it is advantageous that with a disturbance of the near-wall boundary and lower-layer flow and different significant proportions of the core flow in the structured tube and an induction of turbulence and a local flow velocity through partial constriction and reduction of the average pipe cross-section on the reduction of Hydraulic diameter and an increase in the inner surface and the fluid exposed Anström vom many times due to the production of artificial roughness and by introducing additional artificial micro-roughness by generating micro-pores of various microstructure elements ⁇ microspikes) in arrangement of different geometries with a pore density in the range of 10 3 bis 10 9 a multiple enlargement of the outer flow surfaces and the surfaces of the structured, with micr o structuring provided components, in this case as material webs or pipes, is obtained.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention receives the fact that with the multiplication of the capillary forces in the micropores between the microspikes of microstructuring are formed, an increase in the wetting speed of the material and heat transfer and an increase in the contact area of the tubes and components in the flowing fluid and the circulating fluids, a reduction in the lower limit temperature gradients, the lower limit and the threshold temperature in the heat transfer is achieved.
  • the invention is embodied by the fact that in the operation of plants with cooling processes, in the condensation and in the freezing by the microspikes of the microstructures formed in the tubes a much increased condensation nuclei density and condensation and crystallization rate is generated.
  • One possible embodiment of the invention is the fact that plants in whose Reactors pipe walls and pipe collars! are made of tubes with s ⁇ noidalen secondary forms and their tubes thereby have microstructures, find such reactors use that operate under exo- or endothermic reaction conditions and have large numbers of reaction tubes, the specific reaction efficiency and the compactness of the plants significantly increased and the space, the exchange surfaces and the aggregate quantity or mass of the systems is significantly reduced.
  • the tubes used in accordance with the method can be used as a catalytically active agent in an isothermal reaction regime.
  • Another application is the fact that the microstructures formed on flat components, webs are applied as material and get into plate heat exchangers or reactors used.
  • surface-structured tubes and components with additional microstructures in systems of microreactor technology and in microreaction systems with circular cylindrical Ri ⁇ gspalten and uniformly and non-uniformly moving flow are applied, and here the component formed as a flat material web or formed as a tube equipped with sinoickel secondary forms, the covered with microstructures.
  • the components with planar material webs can have a uniform or non-uniform curvature of their surfaces.
  • the flat components or tubes with sinoidal secondary forms used for carrying out the method have structured surfaces on their inner or outer or both surfaces with microstructure elements or micro-bodies (microspikes) arranged in different, uniform or non-uniform Geometry are equipped, the material structure of the microspikes solid bonds with the material structure forms on the surface of the tube and the surface of the tube itself in their convex and concave areas of the structure by a multiple, increased by the applied microstructure is formed, and formed on the tube surface microspikes advantageously in a freely selectable, settable in advance value range of the solid angle and polar angle toinstitun ⁇ ormalen the tubes and components in the sinoidalen Mauformen gebr eight are.
  • the flat components and pipes made of steel or iron materials and are equipped with an additional microstructured layer of microspikes, which consistently the convex and concave Cover areas of the areas.
  • the tubes and components can be made of a non-ferrous material or be formed in a further embodiment of a glass material.
  • the microstructuring itself is coated with a catalyst substrate in a suitable embodiment.
  • a method is used in which for the production of structured components, preferably pipes for use in plants for the production and distribution of heat energy and for technical reaction, especially heterogeneous catalysis, their heat and mass transfer by means of flat components formed as material webs, preferably pipes, Rohr weakness- and -rackn takes place, wherein the components and tubes have sinoidal secondary forms, which are formed with various arrangements of different geometries, and the heat transfer from a flowing inside the tube fluid to a pipe overflowing fluid or in reverse Direction occurs, and a change in the flow behavior of the medium or the media by disturbing the boundary and lower-layer flows and different proportions of the core flows with induction of significant turbulence and periodic increase of l oal flow rate is achieved by sequential narrowing or reduction of the average tube cross-section in the tubes and the component, in particular tube is prepared by means of a
  • the structures structured with sinoidal secondary forms Pipes on their surfaces with a completely covering their surfaces microstructuring provided.
  • the invention provides that for applying the microstructures on the surfaces of such components, especially pipes, a radiation-sensitive, the contours of the body or pipe surfaces following resist is applied, which in a base coat the entire structured surface the component also covered in their concave areas, fully follows the course of the contours of the molded structural professionals and worked up as a basis for the galvanic application of a continuous microstructure.
  • the radiation-sensitive resiste ⁇ s in liquid form for coating the surface of the component in the form of a tube or as a flat material web wherein according to the invention as a liquid resist a pofycarbonate is used in the manner of a paint.
  • a radiation-sensitive resist in the form of a film is used, which is thin-layered and plastically deforming, conforming to the contours of the structure is present, wherein in further development of the invention, which is formed as a surface resist Film adapted to the contours of the component or pipe, is used as a finite surface or as a closed shell use.
  • a radiation-sensitive lacquer is uniformly applied to the surface of the component, in the present case as a structured tube, which is irradiated in a radiation chamber with ions in the right angle! on the surface of which the tube is moved in front of the ion beams and subjected to LJV irradiation, which sensitizes the latent ion traces of the surface structuring and thereafter the treated tube is subjected to chemical etching to expose micropores and the pore surface coating thereafter galvanic bath is electroplated using Unterschalt, wherein the micropores are filled with copper.
  • the electroplated component is subjected to etching, whereby the base coat is dissolved and the grown macrostructures are exposed.
  • the invention further follows an embossing form in that, for applying a microporous polymembrane to a component formed with sinusoidal secondary structures, in particular a tube, the surface of which is swept by a continuous area-covering membrane in a single circumference and the surfaces of the concave portions of the sinusoidal structures be fully adhered by means of deforming pressure on the polymembrane.
  • the area-covering polymembrane is formed as a seamless shrink tubing or joined together from a flat structure to a seam-carrying shrink tubing, laid in continuation of the invention, the polymembrane in a soft labile state on the tube surface, brought in the concave batches to concern and by Achieving a, the area-extending process, is transferred in the manner of shrinking in a stable gap-free adhesive layer.
  • the invention is embodied when the polymembrane has a tubular design and is pushed over the tube in a labile state or, in a variation of the solution according to the invention, the polymembrane is placed around the tube in a piece corresponding to the tube surface, butt jointed and then joined , wherein the thus-desired connection of the polymembrane in the joint area without a
  • Change in the properties of its microstructure is carried out by a laser influencing.
  • the introduction of the polymer membrane is carried out in the concave parts of the sinusoidal secondary forms of the tubes to formschiüssigen concerns by means of non-contact devices.
  • this introduction of the polymembrane as a base coat for the process of microstructuring can also be carried out in such a form on flat components, such as material webs, without becoming inventive in the further direction.
  • the establishment of the labile state of the material of the polymer membrane by heating is achieved by obtaining this state
  • Components also present as a pipe, takes place in the heated, moldable state.
  • Poliofite PTFE In continuation of the method, establishing a labile state of the base coat by solidifying the membrane and an associated
  • shrinkage is performed on the tube surface, wherein, specified on a planar component, such as a material web, the base coating is formed by a polymer membrane, by placing the foil and positive incorporation into the concave areas of the component takes place.
  • a form of the solution according to the invention can be seen in that Polymembran with an adhesive on the surface of the sheet member, such as a material web or a tube, is brought to rest in the concave portions of the side shapes and adhering.
  • One way of carrying out the invention can be seen in that the component, designed as a sheet material selectable extent and thickness, is covered on one side with the polymer membrane and the incorporation of resting on the web base layer, formed as a polymer membrane, in the concave parts of Structure is carried out on an upper side, wherein in an application form, the component covered on several sides and the incorporation of the material web can be done on several sides and in the horizontal state.
  • the material web is covered on one or more sides covered on an erected component.
  • the invention is further embodied in that the incorporation of the polymembrane is carried out in one or more transitions into the concave portions of the sinusoidal structure by means of pressing and pressing mechanisms acting perpendicularly on the bearing surface of the material web.
  • the invention is thus meaningful further developed that the incorporation of the polymer membrane mitteis perpendicular to the bearing surface of the Materialbah ⁇ acting pressing and Andrückmechanismen is made in one or multiple transitions into the concave portions of the sinoidal minor forms of the structures.
  • the success of the invention can also be achieved so that the occupied with the polymembrane as a base layer games by air pressure intervals, - navale or It is also within the meaning of the invention to fix the membrane as a base coating after molding the concave parts into the sinusoidal structures by means of holding devices which act in a planar manner.
  • a method-suitable application form of the solution according to the invention is characterized in that one or more catalyst layers and a catalyst layer bound to a carrier oxide or more, to different carrier oxides bonded catalyst layers are applied to the surface of the microstructuring of the tube or the sheet material by dip coating with or without the use of adhesion promoters and subsequently carried out drying, cooling and stabilization or passivation.
  • a further advantageous continuation of the method is characterized in that one catalyst layer or several catalyst particles and a catalyst layer bound to a carrier oxide or catalyst layers bound over several carrier oxides also cover the surface of the microbody or microspikes of the tube or the material web, by spraying with or without use applied by adhesion promoters and then a drying, cooling and stabilization or passivation is made.
  • the invention is further embodied when a catalyst layer or multiple layers of this type and a catalyst layer bound to a carrier oxide or several different bound catalyst layers on the surface of the micro body or spikes of the tube or the web by vapor deposition with or without the use of adhesion promoters and applied by plasma coating and then drying, cooling and stabilization or passivation is carried out.
  • an adhesive or several adhesives, a suspension or several suspensions, a gel or several gels or a colloid or more colloids is used as adhesion promoter.
  • the application of one or more catalyst layers and a catalyst layer bound to a carrier oxide or several catalyst layers bound to different carrier oxides is applied to the surface of the microbody of a pipe or sheet by means of sintering, annealing or one or more similar surfaces - Treatment method is carried out, which can be usefully achieved with the invention that the surfaces and microstructured energy and chemical exchange surfaces of the tubes and sheet material equipped with sinoidal Mauformen and the micro spikes as a structure by ten to hundred times compared to the components and structural tubes with simple sinoidal minor forms is enlarged.
  • the invention is thus meaningful fulfilled that the application-oriented design of the tube is used intensively in an isothermal reaction as a catalytically active substrate.
  • the solution according to the invention is further completed when a flat planar component, which is equipped on a surface with microstructures, gradually by the action of deformation forces on the non-microstructured surface to a tubular body is formed with microstructured inner surfaces.
  • a flat planar component which is equipped on a surface with microstructures, gradually by the action of deformation forces on the non-microstructured surface to a tubular body is formed with microstructured inner surfaces.
  • the planar, equipped on one side with microstructures component is formed into a tube on the inner surface of which microstructures are applied, the deformation forces on the outer surfaces of the initially plan to attack flat component, divided into several deformation stages are brought to the component to act until the tube is given its final shape and secured by welding.
  • a further refinement of the invention is obtained by structuring the tubular component equipped with microstructures on its inner surfaces by deforming its outer surfaces with sinoidal secondary forms.
  • the invention also includes a manufactured according to this method component having different cross-sections, is equipped on its inner surfaces with microstructures and in an advantageous development has a ebenfiambaige contour, which may be in variation of the invention with structures, preferably from sinoidal minor forms, equipped , wherein according to the solution according to the invention, the component formed as a complete tube, parallel to its longitudinal center axis via a connection, advantageously designed as a weld, has.
  • the component formed as a finished tube has a rotationally symmetrical cross section, wherein the invention is carried out simultaneously by the fact that the component can be formed into a pipe of any cross section.
  • the cross section of the component can have any shape.
  • a component for the realization of heat transfer and / or technical reaction, in particular for carrying out a heterogeneous catalysis thus provided, which has at least one surface with a vault structure with concave portions.
  • the component has microstructure elements arranged on at least one of its surfaces.
  • Heat exchanger wall does not occur. As a result, clogging or contamination of the microstructure elements likewise arranged on the component is reduced or even prevented. In addition to the increased efficiency by increasing the
  • microstructure elements can also only partially on the component surface can be arranged, wherein the or by the Mikro Modelleiemente formed microstructure areas in the region of the bulges or outside of the curvature or the border areas of the vaults can be arranged overlapping. This means that the microstructure regions can also be arranged only partially in the region of the bulges.
  • the surface having the concave portions has convex portions between the concave portions. This means that the convex parts are also arched and thus form the hollow structure, at least partially.
  • the transition between the concave portion and convex portion can be realized either in a turning point or by located between the respective batches straight surface sections.
  • the Mikro Modelleiemente are arranged on the respective bulges of the arch structure.
  • the component provided with the arch structure is a tube, wherein the concave curvatures are introduced into the outer surface of the tube and the Mikro Modelleiemente are at least partially disposed on the inner surface of the tube.
  • the profiling of the tube strong turbulences are generated in the interior of the tube when it flows through a liquid, with these turbulences preventing or at least reducing clogging or sticking or fouling of the microstructures, in particular the microstructure areas first flown in the flow direction.
  • microstructure elements are also arranged on the outside of the tube, in particular in the region of the concave curvatures.
  • microstructure elements are arranged so close to one another that the microstructure produced thereby has an application density of 10 3 to 10 9 per cm 2 .
  • the Mikro Modelleiemente are arranged on microspikes, which in turn are arranged on the surface provided with vault structure. That is, microstructure elements of regular or irregular shape may be disposed on spikes which are bonded to the surface and are themselves only on the order of microns in size. In particular, for the purpose of performing a catalysis, the microstructure elements may be coated with at least one catalyst substrate.
  • a method for producing the component according to the invention, the microstructure elements being worked up by means of galvanic coating and / or mechanical spray-compaction methods to the component to be produced, in particular to a component designed as a tube.
  • a radiation-sensitive, the vault structure formately complementary conformable or a ⁇ gepasstes photoresist applied as a basis for the galvanic application of a continuous microstructure.
  • the resist is used instead of the film known from the prior art and can be provided with appropriate technology, in particular with ion beam techniques in combination with deep etching technique, with micro-fine pores, which determine the shape and size of the microstructures to be deposited during the electroplating process.
  • the advantage of this method is inter alia in the simple and time-saving and cost-saving form of application in a spraying or dipping process step.
  • the radiation-sensitive resist is used as a liquid resist to coat the surface.
  • the resist can be applied in the form of a lacquer or a lacquer layer on the surface in question or as a solid.
  • the component can be present in the form of a tube or a material web.
  • a polycarbonate in the manner of a lacquer is used as the liquid radiation-sensitive resist.
  • Polymer membrane in the form of a seamless shrink tube may be formed or joined together from a flat structure to a suture-carrying shrink tubing can be. It can be provided that the introduction of the designed as a polymer membrane film in the concave portions of the arch structure of the component takes place until the form-fitting concerns in the concave portions in the heated state.
  • the polymer membrane In order to facilitate the application of the polymer membrane, this is brought to the adhesion by the action of an adhesive on the surface of the component, in particular in the concave batches.ln a special process design is provided that the incorporation of Polymermembra ⁇ in the concave batches without contact, in particular by air pressure , is carried out.
  • the compressed air is directed at intervals and thus in compressed air surges against the polymer membrane. This compressed air treatment can be carried out with or without heat treatment of the polymer membrane.
  • a production method for the component according to the invention in which after forming the microstructure elements on a surface of the component, which initially has a substantially planar shape, forming forces are directed to the component so that this to a tube is transformed.
  • the component before its transformation to the tube has such a shape that a coating of the surface to be provided with microstructure elements is possible relatively easily.
  • the component may already have a curvature in the preparation of the galvanic process.
  • the component is executed completely flat and is formed after application of the microstructure elements into a tube and optionally welded.
  • the forming forces are preferably directed to the not provided with the microstructure elements surface of the sheet member and the reshaping made such that the microstructure is located on the inner wall of the tube produced. It can thereby produce tubes on the inside of the microstructure is arranged, which is not feasible with conventional technology.
  • the deformation is carried out stepwise and after the realization of the Hohizylinderform the shape obtained by a suitable measure, such as the attribution of the resulting gap, fixed.
  • the concave curvatures are incorporated.
  • the advantage lies in particular in the process configuration of forming a flat, microstructured component into a tube, in that a tube having a microstructure arranged on the inner surface can be produced in a simple manner and with good quality.
  • Such a tube can essentially be provided, like a comparable tube of the same material and cross-section, with the concave and / or convex curvatures, since the microstructure exerts only insignificant influence on the axial resistance moment of the tube and due to the firm connection of the microstructure elements no damage to these elements achieved by the generation of the vaults.
  • the invention also extends to a method in which the method steps according to the invention of applying a resist in the form of a lacquer with the method steps of deforming a substantially planar component to form a tube after the microstructure has already been applied.
  • a method for the realization of an efficient heat and / or mass transfer and / or a chemical reactivity in the operation of plants for the transfer of heat energy and / or technical reaction, in particular for carrying out a heterogeneous catalysis, provided by a Fluid, in particular by a flowing fluid, heat energy is transmitted.
  • the fluid is brought into contact with a component according to the invention.
  • the component is a tube through which the fluid flows or can flow. Due to the arrangement of the Wöib Designen the surface of the component is substantially increased, so that each of the outer dimensions of determining surface more heat energy can be transmitted as in a non-curved surface.
  • the applied Mikro Modelleiemente increase the surface also very strong, so that even more heat per unit area transported and thus, for example, a cooling or heating can be done much more effectively by the appropriately tempered fluid.
  • the invention also extends to the use of a erfi ⁇ dungswen component for the realization of an efficient heat and / or mass transport and / or a chemical reactivity in the operation of plants for the transmission of heat energy and / or technical reaction, in particular for carrying out a heterogeneous catalysis, in which is transferred by a fluid, in particular by a flowing fluid, heat energy.
  • Fig. 2 is a graph of heat flow using the microstructured tubes
  • Fig. 3 a graphic representation of the improvement of the k value
  • Fig. 4a / b the surfaces of structural tubes with and without surface structure
  • Fig. 4c a representation of the boiling process in microstructured structural tubes
  • Fig. 6 an application of the tubes in reactors with endothermic reaction sequences
  • Fig. 7 an application of the tubes in reactors with exothermic Christsabiäufen
  • Fig. 8 a schematic representation of a tubular tube reactor
  • Fig. 9a a section of the base coating on the pipe wall with executed structure; 10 shows a schematic representation of the ion irradiation for generating the tracks, FIG. 10 a shows an enlarged section of the ion traces;
  • FIG. 11a shows a section of the lacquer layer according to FIG. 11 with the UV-sensitized tracks
  • FIG. 12 a schematic representation of a chemical etching process
  • FIG. 12a a section of the base coating in the structure with etched micropores
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic representation of the process of a galvanic molding of the microstructures
  • FIG. 13 a shows a section enlarged with micropores formed in the base coating
  • FIG. 14 a schematic representation of the solution process for exposing the structure surface
  • FIG. 14a an enlarged detail of the surface of the structure tube with microstructures thereon;
  • Fig. 15 an embodiment of the application of the membrane in a schematic representation in a front view
  • FIG. 16 shows a further embodiment of the application of the membrane in a schematic representation in a side view
  • FIG. 17 shows another embodiment of the application of the membrane in a schematic representation in a side view
  • Fig. 18 a schematic representation of a passage of the tube occupied by a membrane
  • Fig. 19 the pressing of the polymer membrane in the concave areas
  • Fig. 20 the pressing of the Polymermembra ⁇ in a non-contact operation
  • Fig. 21 a form of pressing the polymer membrane onto a tube with flexible rollers in a front view
  • FIG. 22 shows a passage of the application and contactless ruling of the polymer membrane in a graphic representation, depicted in the regions I, II, III; FIG.
  • FIG. 23 shows an illustration of the form-fitting application of the membrane on a plate-shaped component
  • FIG. 24 is an illustration of a tubular component with a microstructured inner surface produced by deformation
  • FIG. 25 shows a first deformation stage in the production of a tubular component with a microstructured inner surface
  • Fig. 26 a second deformation stage
  • FIG. 27 shows a third deformation stage with anvil underfoot
  • FIG. 28 shows a fourth deformation stage with anvil underfoot and figuration of a half-pipe
  • FIG. 29 shows a further deformation stage with laterally applied clamping jaws and anvil placed below;
  • Fig. 30 a final deformation stage with finished molded component
  • Fig. 31 an introduced in holding jaws finished molded component for applying the connecting seam
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the increase in heat output, shown in a coordinate system in comparison with other types of pipes.
  • the temperature is plotted on the horizontal axis and the heat coefficient on the vertical axis.
  • the dashed line is for the representation of a thermal coefficient of a smooth-walled pipe, the dotted line immediately above it for the representation of the thermal coefficient of a structure provided with stnoidalen secondary tubes and the dotted Line represents the heat transfer performance of a structure provided with microstructures structure tube with sinoidaien Mauformen.
  • Fig. 2 shows in a graph in comparison with Giattrohren, simply structured pipes and microstructures equipped structural tubes improving the heat flow.
  • the person skilled in the art immediately recognizes that the heat flow increases significantly when the tubes equipped with sinoid ancillary molds are provided with microstructures.
  • the graph of Fig. 3 shows an improvement in the k value obtained in sinoid side-walled tubes whose surface is provided with microstructures.
  • the k-value increases over that provided with normal sinoidaien Mauformen tube compared to a microstructured tube of the same kind of 4000 W / m 2 K to 9000 WAm 2 K.
  • Fig. 4 shows the location and arrangement of the microstructures on a tube with sinoidaien Mauformen.
  • 4a and 4b show the formation of the surfaces of tubes with sinoidaien secondary forms in which a tube according to FIG. 4a has a bare surface and according to FIG. 4b has a surface covered with microstructures.
  • Fig. 4c presents a boiling process, from which it can be seen that the boiling image is very loose and intense.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a use of the microstructured sinoidal shim tubes in a shell and tube heat exchanger 1.
  • the inlet of the heat transfer medium is marked with the Pfeii 4 and its exit from the heat exchanger with the arrow 5.
  • the arrow 2 indicates the entry of underkühlter or boiling liquid in the heat exchanger, which is to be introduced without steam, after a reaction time in the reactor as saturated or wet steam emerges again from the heat exchanger 1 at the arrow 3.
  • the provided with sinoidafen secondary forms, microstructured on their outer surfaces of tubes 6 equipped heat exchanger 1 contains between the tubes 6, a medium that is hot water or oil! introduced, cools in the tube bundle heat exchanger 1.
  • the medium may also be steam, in the present case as saturated or wet steam, which condenses completely or partially on the tubes 6.
  • the heat transfer medium flows through the tubes 6 of the heat exchanger 1 in the direction of its longitudinal axis and exits in the direction of the arrow 5.
  • the evaporating medium flowing around the tubes 6, is very pure, because the microstructures of the tubes can clog up and.
  • refrigerants, silicone oils and high-purity water condensate and other substances are used.
  • the tubes are used as condenser tubes. In such types of transformer, the heat exchanger medium is cold and the vaporous medium flowing around the tube is brought to condensation.
  • the microstructure 8 can itself consist of catalytic material (eg, copper or nickel.)
  • a catalytic layer for example consisting of metal oxides or noble metals
  • the person skilled in the art readily recognizes that there is a significantly increased surface area in comparison of smooth-walled pipes or pipes with sinoidal secondary forms, a process which is fundamentally used in the field of synthesis, for example in the Fischer-Tropsch process. represented in the basic formula
  • the solution according to the invention can also be used in other types of apparatus, such. B. in tubular reactors, use, for. B. according to the tube reactor shown in Fig. 8, which differs from the apparatus of FIG. 5 in that it has a high volume and equipment volume.
  • the pipes are arranged vertically and the reaction usually takes place on a pipe.
  • Fig. 8 shows a reactor with Sch Siemensrohrbündein in gas trains.
  • the inlet of the gas is indicated in the direction of the arrow 13 or alternatively in another direction of action according to the arrow 13 '.
  • the heat transfer medium is introduced at the arrow 14 into the reactor and leaves it in the direction of arrow 14 ⁇
  • this technology finds in flagpoles in other reactors.
  • FIG. 9 shows in the section of a structured tube 20 prepared for the production of a base coating, here as an ion-beam-sensitive lacquer layer 32, which is preferably formed with polycarbonate 34.
  • a base coating here as an ion-beam-sensitive lacquer layer 32, which is preferably formed with polycarbonate 34.
  • the pipe section 20 is immersed in a paint bath and completely enclosed by the paint 32 with its surface, in which the sinoidal structures are incorporated.
  • the lacquer layer 32 in its flexible mode of operation can flow into the secondary shape 16 of the structure of the tube surface and cover it completely, as has been shown in FIG. 9a.
  • FIG. 10 A continuation of the method is shown in FIG. 10.
  • the tube 20 or the tube section is exposed to a lonenbestrahlu ⁇ g.
  • the irradiation direction is perpendicular to the tube axis, as indicated by the arrows 36 and thereby apply both to the structured side shapes 16 and to the non-structured surfaces of the tube 20, which rotates about its longitudinal center axis, as indicated by the arrow 35
  • 10a shows a detail of the tube 20 exposed to the ion irradiation in the partial area of a concave structure.
  • latent ion traces, so-called tracks are formed in the now-uniform lacquer layer 32, as shown by the arrows 37, which are directed onto the lacquer layer 32.
  • the tube 20 with the lacquer layer 32 subsequently receives a UV irradiation in the course of the process, which is directed from all sides, as shown by the arrows 38, to the tube surface.
  • the UV irradiation sensitizes the latent ion traces 37 of the forming tracks in the lacquer layer 32, as shown in Fig. 11a in an enlarged section.
  • the tube should not rotate, since the UV irradiation takes place in a closed chamber and impinges on all sides on the Lackoberfikiee.
  • the chemical etching of the now irradiated base layer of polycarbonate varnish 32 takes place in an etching bath 39, in which it has a certain time lingers.
  • the temperature and the etching concentration of the etching bath are adjusted and moved by stirring in such a way that the latent ion traces are etched out, forming micropores 40 in the lacquer layer 32, as is visible in a section in FIG. 12a.
  • the polycarbonate varnish 32 receives a defined porosity on the surface.
  • the micropores 40 penetrate the lacquer layer 32 and expose the affected surfaces of the tube 20, so that in the Galvanoabformung shown in FIG.
  • the microstructures on the tube 20 can be made.
  • the tube 20 is contacted with the porous Anlagennfack as a cathode and introduced into the electrodeposition bath 33, in which a Cu electrolyte is contained.
  • microstructures 44 are grown in the micropores 40 by making them out as shown in FIG. 13a.
  • the microstructures 44 in the form of microspikes grow in the lacquer layer 32.
  • the surface provided with microstructures is exposed, as presented in FIG. 14, by immersing the tube 20 in a solvent bath 45.
  • the base coat here formed as a lacquer layer 32, detached and formed the microstructured surface of the tube 20 with side shapes.
  • the microstructure 8 thus produced now covers, as shown in Fig. 14a, seamlessly and uniformly the entire surface of the sinoidal subshaped tube on both its concave and convex portions.
  • a structural tube 20 provided with sinoidal collateral shapes is shown.
  • a film tube 21 is mounted as a base coat, which has been provided as a polymer membrane for the process of microstructuring and processed accordingly.
  • the reader reading in here recognizes without further ado that it is a shrink tube.
  • the treatment is carried out so that the tube 21 has been heated to a certain state and thereby expands.
  • the radial extension increases and is suitable for covering the pipe over a specific length of a longitudinal section or over the entire extension of the pipe by sliding it onto the pipe or inserting the pipe 20 into the hose 21.
  • the tube 21 covers the convex and concave portions of the tube 20.
  • the radial extent of the tube 20 should be present in a loose support and the tube 20 should be wrapped in a partially fitting form.
  • FIG. 16 Another embodiment of the wrapping of the structure tube 20 is explained in FIG. 17. It shows that the tube 20 is wrapped over the convex portions of the tube 20 in a predetermined portion of its longitudinal extent by a flat sheathing film 22 in a wrapping process and shown in Fig. 18 is terminated by the fact that the Foiie 22 shock in the direction of the longitudinal center axis of the tube is closed with a seam.
  • Fig. 20 shows another embodiment of the positive application of the Ummanteiung 22 or the film tube 21 by inserting the tube 20 in a chamber 24 in a concentric position.
  • the chamber 24 high-pressure nozzles 26 are arranged, the
  • Pressure jet is directed to the film tube 21 or on the Ummantelungsfoiie 22, which cover the structural tube 20.
  • the high-pressure nozzles 26 can produce a warm or cold-tempered pressure jet which, depending on the type of film of the base coating, embodied as a sheath or hose 21, presses it positively into the concave regions of the si ⁇ oidaien secondary forms of the structure tube 20.
  • FIG. 21 Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 21.
  • the tube 20 can be seen in sections.
  • the section is equipped with a film tube 21 or with a jacket film 22, which are in a flexible, according to the embodiment heated state, in the course of the structures 16 are in the direction of Lä ⁇ gsmittenachse the tube 20 pressure rollers 18; 18 '; 18 ", which are on the circumference according to the location of the concave Areas of the minor forms are arranged.
  • the pressure rollers 18; 18 '; 18 "consist of a solid core with a flexible, adaptable coating associated with it, which may have its own drive or be moved by rolling friction on the tube 20, which is transported forward in the direction of the rollers and guided by them penetrates into the concave regions of the sinoidal secondary forms during the passage of the tube 20 and presses the still soft flexible covering film 22 or the foaming tube 21, now in the form of a base coating, into these regions in a shapely manner Structure 16 is completed by a fixation of the pressed-in and positively fitting structure takes place.
  • Fig. 22 shows, in a schematic form, the process of passing through a structural tube 20 encased in a jacket 22 or a tubular film 21.
  • region I the structure tube 20 in the mounting region 28 is equipped with a film tube 21 or a cover film 22 and is kept at a temperature controlled by heating nozzles 30 1 distributed on its circumference. It is then moved into the region II, which forms the film tube 21 or the covering film 22 in a form-fitting manner into the concave regions of the structure 16 by contact or without contact.
  • the section H1 into which the tube 20 or the tube section is moved is the cooling zone 29.
  • the form-fitting jacket 22 of the structural tube 20 is treated with cooling nozzles 31 which are distributed around its circumference and initiate a shrinking process is formed, that the sheath 21, 22 shrinks, without destroying the Formschius from the concave areas.
  • the sheathed tube 20 now present has a sheathing foil 22 in a form-fitting manner in all regions of the structural tube 20 as a polymer membrane and is prepared for the application of the microstructure 8 both in the convex and in the concave sections of the structure tube 20.
  • FIG. 23 shows the basic illustration of a plane-parallel, geradflambaige ⁇ component 15 with molded sinoidal secondary forms, to which the polymer membrane in the form of a
  • Ummantelungsfoiie 17 is launched. Due to the loose support of the film 17, this is not yet arranged in a form-fitting manner in the structures 16 of the component 15.
  • a subsequent solidification of the film 17 is provided so that the film 17 in the concave areas in a Forming foot with the component remains.
  • a jacket film 22 or sheet 17 is required whose molecular structure is designed such that it permits free shrinking.
  • the sheathing or covering of the component may during the shrinkage of the film 22; 17, which is used as a polymer membrane in carrying out the catalysis for producing the microstructure, do not pass from the positive connection with the concave areas.
  • the polymer membrane may consist of poliofilene PTFE, which is commercially available and has the desired properties.
  • the heat shrink tubing made from it is used as a Vilon shrink tubing.
  • the region III is to be designed as a cooling region in such a way that the encased tube closure provided with a positive connection is not only cooled and caused to shrink, but during the shrinking process with holding pressure elements in the manner as illustrated in FIG. can be equipped.
  • the region IH is to be extended so that large longitudinal sections of the tube 20 or components 15 are simultaneously encased.
  • Another embodiment can be recognized in that the area II! provided with high-pressure nozzles, as shown above, but working in a component or the tube sheathing chamber and shock-like with very high pressure, the film positively holds in the concave portions during the shock-like cooling process and cools.
  • Another embodiment is to perform the shrink tube as a hose or as a flat merged structure and its inside, so the side facing the component, with a Haftmitte! to be provided, which is brought into positive engagement after pressing on the surface of the component in particular in the concave areas of the polymer membrane.
  • This adhesive must be designed so that the catalytic process is not impaired on the provided with sinoidal secondary forms tubes or sheets of material.
  • the technical information of the exemplary embodiment clearly shows that, starting with FIG. 15, embodiments of the application of the base coating are shown, as was carried out in FIG. 9 with the use of the lacquer layer 32.
  • Fig. 24 shows a component 47, which is deformed into a tube 46 and has been welded to a longitudinal seam.
  • microstructures are arranged so that they form a largely closed, microstructured inner surface 48.
  • FIG. 25 shows a first method step for producing a tube 46 from a planar, planar component 47, of which a surface is equipped with microstructures 48.
  • the component 47 is between clamping jaws 51; 51 'clamped and prepared for a deformation process.
  • the surface with the microstructures is arranged so that it can form the inner surface of the later-shaped tube.
  • Fig. 26 shows a first progress of the deformation of the component 47 by the Spa ⁇ nbacken 51; 51 'move with an inward and upward deformation movement, the planar member 47 in a concave to the inner surface 48 and in the further movement of FIG. 27, the component 47 further deforming anvil 52 resting, which generates a holding pressure, with the aid of a further movement of the clamping jaws 51; 51 ', the component 47 is shaped into the shape according to FIG. 28 to form a half pipe.
  • the rotationally symmetrically deformed component 47 has holding jaws 55; 55 'receiving the tubular member 47 therebetween for welding the billet of material for a welding head 56 which, with a continuous weld 57, provides the now completed tube 46 for a tray for completion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément utilisé pour effectuer des transferts de chaleur et/ou mettre techniquement en oeuvre des réactions, notamment pour effectuer une catalyse hétérogène. Ledit élément comprend au moins une surface présentant une structure cintrée, avec des parties concaves. Cet élément présente des éléments microstructurés aménagés sur au moins une de ses surfaces. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé pour produire ledit élément, ainsi qu'un procédé pour effectuer un transfert efficace de chaleur et/ou de matière et/ou une réactivité chimique dans le cadre de l'exploitation d'installation pour transférer de l'énergie thermique et/ou mettre techniquement en oeuvre des réactions au moyen dudit élément. L'invention concerne par ailleurs l'utilisation de cet élément pour des processus de ce type.
EP08857751.5A 2007-12-06 2008-12-08 Procédé de production d'un élément Active EP2229570B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007059153A DE102007059153A1 (de) 2007-12-06 2007-12-06 Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Effektivität des Wärme- und Stofftransportes sowie der chemischen Reaktivität und Selektivität von Anlagen zur Übertragung von Wärmeenergie sowie von Anlagen zur technischen Reaktionsführung insbesondere der heterogenen Katalyse, dazu verwendete mit eingeformten Strukturen ausgebildete Bauteile und Verfahren für die Herstellung von Mikrostrukturen auf diesen Bauteilen
PCT/EP2008/067034 WO2009071698A1 (fr) 2007-12-06 2008-12-08 Élément pour transfert de chaleur et/ou mise en oeuvre technique de réaction et procédé de production dudit élément

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EP2229570A1 true EP2229570A1 (fr) 2010-09-22
EP2229570B1 EP2229570B1 (fr) 2019-06-19

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DE102012206573A1 (de) * 2012-04-20 2013-10-24 Udo Hellwig Einrichtung und Verfahren zur Durchführung einer katalytischen Reaktion
US9772149B2 (en) 2012-07-10 2017-09-26 Intramicron, Inc. Method for improving wall heat transfer in a chemical reactor
DE102013102561A1 (de) * 2013-03-13 2014-09-18 Erk Eckrohrkessel Gmbh Einrichtung zur Aufnahme eines Volumenstromes eines Mediums und Verfahren zur Realisierung eines Volumenstromes eines Mediums
JP2015010749A (ja) * 2013-06-28 2015-01-19 株式会社日立製作所 伝熱装置
US10454147B2 (en) 2015-11-19 2019-10-22 Intramicron, Inc. Battery pack for energy storage devices
DE102022100957A1 (de) 2022-01-17 2023-07-20 Paul Binder Vorrichtung zum Anregen und/oder Aufspalten von chemischen Bindungen
CN115111950B (zh) * 2022-06-24 2024-09-10 江苏科技大学 正弦波纹三套管相变蓄热装置
EP4327907A1 (fr) * 2022-08-25 2024-02-28 ERK Eckrohrkessel GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour obtenir au moins une matière de valeur inorganique

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WO2009071698A1 (fr) 2009-06-11
EP2229570B1 (fr) 2019-06-19
DE102007059153A1 (de) 2009-06-10

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