EP2218822A2 - Paving stone with accompanying mould - Google Patents

Abstract

The stone (1) has vertically running moldings (10, 14, 17) laterally projecting from a vertical side wall (16), where the stone is made of concrete. The moldings have a lower section (11) runs parallel to the side wall, and an upper tectiform sections (12, 15) extend to the side wall. The upper tectiform sections run bently into a vertical section in the side wall such that a tangent that is set at a bend forms an angle less than or equal to 45 degrees by the side wall. The moldings are formed as oblong composite elements, bulges (13) or flat distance sections. An independent claim is also included for a mold for manufacturing a paving stone.

Description

The present invention relates to a paving stone of concrete or other artificially manufactured material having vertical or approximately vertical side surfaces and at least one laterally projecting from the side surfaces vertically extending formation, which is designed as a spacer, composite element, etc. and a lower approximately parallel to the side wall extending portion and has an upper, roof-shaped to the side wall extending portion.

Such paving stones are well known. They are produced in molds in which the negative shape of the stones is cut from a block of steel. This downwardly open mold is placed on a production board and filled from above with not too humid concrete. Then the concrete is compacted from above by punches (load) which fit in the plan exactly in the concrete-filled chambers of the mold, wherein the mold is shaken to assist the compaction. Finally, the shape is up lifted. The stones are then free on the board, which is led over a belt to a drying chamber.

Many paving stones have lateral formations in the form of vertical ridges with any, but usually approximately semi-circular, trapezoidal or rectangular plan, which serve as spacers, composite elements or anti-slip. The negative form of these formations is milled like a niche into the side walls of the chambers cut out of the steel block.

These cutouts end so far in front of the upper edge of the mold that the lateral formations of the stones thus formed end so far below the stone joint that they are no longer visible in the filled joint. In the compression process described above, the concrete mass is reliably pressed into the niche-like lateral formations of the negative stone shapes. The niche-like cut-outs are worked out vertically linearly in the lower part with a correspondingly profiled chisel or a milling cutter.

These niche-like recesses on the sides of the mold chambers end up in chamfers or fillets, which must be elaborately elaborated with special milling. This results in the section perpendicular to the side walls of the mold chambers on the outer edge of the formations more or less strong direction changes, edges and / or corners. As a result, undercuts or dead angles are formed. The pressure of the ballast compresses the concrete, which at first loosely lies in the mold, into a homogeneous body, which retains its shape during demoulding. Since the concrete can not distribute the pressure of the ballast evenly like a liquid in a closed pressurized container, zones of lower pressure arise in the undercuts or blind spots in which the concrete is less connected to the stone body and therefore when lifting the mold can easily get stuck on the mold wall upwards. Since this can occur with every working cycle, the deposits in the undercut areas are getting thicker.

This has the disadvantage that the lateral formations of the paving stones in the upper region or roof-shaped section are incomplete. This can lead to deterioration of the paving stones and is regularly objected to by the purchasers of the patch and ultimately only tolerated, because all concrete paving stones suffer with lateral formations of this defect. In order to limit such defects, the production process must be interrupted in a short time to clean the mold. This is extremely uneconomical.

The present invention has for its object to provide a paving stone of the type described above, which can be made particularly accurate in a simplified production.

This object is achieved in a paving stone of the specified type in that the upper roof-shaped portion of the molding in a vertical section arcuately merges into the side wall, which is placed on the bow Tangent with the cobblestone sidewall always makes an angle ≤45 °.

With the solution according to the invention in the roof-shaped portion of the formation of the paving stone in vertical section perpendicular to the stone side wall or side surface extending horizontal or more inclined lines in the outer boundary of the formation avoided, this outer boundary line merges with an arc with the largest possible radius in the side wall. The tangent to the arch forms with the paving stone side wall always an angle ≤45 °, so that the above-mentioned dead angle or undercut areas are avoided in the shape of the paving stone.

The upper roof-shaped portion of the formation is thus arcuate in the side wall of the paving stone, d. H. in the form of an asymptotic approach, or the sidewall forms the tangent to the arch. As for the arch shape, parts of arcs, spirals, and other geometric shapes may be used.

Even better results are achieved with an embodiment in which the tangent to the arc with the paving stone side wall always forms an angle ≤ 30 °. In this embodiment, taking into account the natural angle of repose of concrete in a particularly safe way avoided that remains at a removal of the mold in the upper part of the niche formations of the same concrete material.

In a further development of the invention, the upper roof-shaped portion of the molding in the vertical section is arcuate in the lower portion of the molding, wherein also here preferably the tangent to the arc with the paving stone side wall always forms an angle ≤ 45 °. In this embodiment, therefore, sharp changes in direction, sharp edges, etc. are also avoided at the transition point between the roof-shaped portion and the lower portion of the molding, so that even at this point a retention of concrete material during removal of the mold is prevented.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the sheet passing into the side wall and the sheet formed between the lower portion and the roof-shaped portion of the molding form an S-shaped double arch, so that overall the roof-shaped portion merges steadily and not abruptly into the adjacent stone areas.

In order to achieve the best possible bond between the individual paving stones laid in the pavement, it is endeavored to form the lower section of the molding, which runs approximately parallel to the side wall, as long as possible or high. Such a configuration is also preferred because this can prevent tilting of the assembled paving stones during clamping during transport. On the other hand, however, the formations should not be visible in the laid state of the paving stones after filling the joints.

With the solution according to the invention it is ensured that the lower approximately parallel to the side wall extending portion of the formation may extend relatively far up, as the roof-shaped portion arranged above the double arch (S-shape) a soft continuous transition of the lower approximately parallel to the side wall extending portion in the roof-shaped portion and the roof-shaped portion in the side wall ensures, without resulting in the above-mentioned problems of loosening of stone material in the upper region of the molding upon removal of the mold.

As mentioned, the solution according to the invention in this embodiment avoids sharp edges, transitions or corners between the roof-shaped portion of the molding and the side wall and the lower approximately parallel to the side wall extending portion. The roof-shaped portion of the formation is arcuate in vertical section in the side wall, i. This approach approaches asymptotically. A corresponding effect is achieved in the transition region to the lower approximately parallel to the side wall extending section. In both areas, therefore, abrupt changes in direction are avoided.

As regards the cross-sectional shape of the molding, this is in particular semicircular. Of course, other cross-sectional shapes may apply. Thus, the shape can be formed in section, for example, rectangular or trapezoidal. The upper roof-shaped portion of the formation can taper in the lateral direction upwards, but also the same width as the maintained lower approximately parallel to the side wall extending portion of the molding. With a corresponding upward lateral taper, the roof-shaped section therefore extends together to a middle highest point on the side wall, but may also pass over a certain width into the side surface. In any case, the arcuate transition of the roof-shaped portion into the side wall is realized in vertical section according to the invention in vertical section.

In a further development of the invention, the upper roof-shaped section merges laterally over a chamfer or rounded into the side wall. In this embodiment, therefore, a smooth transition into the side surface is achieved in the lateral direction. Of course, the lower approximately parallel to the side wall extending portion of the molding laterally corresponding chamfers or fillets in the transition region to the side surface have. For example, the chamfer formed may have a minimum radius of 2 mm. Preferably, the chamfer begins with the point at which the taper of the roof-shaped portion begins, if any.

As regards the transitional arc in the side wall of the roof-shaped portion, this preferably has at least a radius of 10 mm. This preferably also applies to the other transition arc. It is understood that the radii of curvature of the two sheets may be the same or different.

The arcs themselves can be parts of circular arcs, but also parts of arcs of other geometric shapes, such as spiral arcs etc.

With the solution according to the invention, in the embodiments described here, all edges and blind spots are avoided in which concrete residues can be caught when the mold is lifted off the stone bodies.

Of course, the inventive design of the upper roof-shaped portion of the molding is not limited to high or long-trained formations. Such a configuration can also be used for moldings which are located only in the lower region of a side surface, such as, for example, a molding which is arranged between two long or high molds and whose depth is less than that of the two adjacent moldings. An embodiment of the roof-shaped section according to the invention can also be used, for example, in thickened or extended lower regions of otherwise slimmer embodiments. In any case, the invention covers all roof-shaped sections of formations of any height, width and depth.

The present invention further relates to a mold for producing a paving stone of the type described above. The mold has a hollow box with four vertically or approximately arranged side walls and at least one laterally projecting from the side surfaces vertically extending portion with a lower approximately parallel to the side wall extending portion and a top, roof-shaped section extending to the side wall. The corresponding formations are preferably milled like niches in the side walls of the mold.

According to the invention, the upper roof-shaped portion of the molding in the vertical section is arcuate in the side wall, wherein the tangent to the arc with the mold side wall always forms an angle ≤45 °, preferably ≤ 30 °.

In order to avoid the above-mentioned critical blind spots or undercuts in the mold, horizontal or more inclined lines in the inner boundary of the molding (transition region between side wall and roof-shaped section of the molding) are avoided in vertical section through the formations perpendicular to the mold outer wall. The inner boundary line goes over an arc with the largest possible radius in the side wall. In this connection, reference is made to the corresponding explanations to the paving stone.

The particular inventive design of the roof-shaped portion of the inner region of the molding in the side walls of the mold can be achieved in that the tool with which the lower part of the molding parallel to the side wall is made during work in the upper part of the molding so far towards the center of the stone is warped until the formation runs to zero. This distortion of the tool can be done in soft bows, with a curved transition from the to the transition point vertical shape in vertical section perpendicular to the mold outer wall in the arc shape of the upper end or roof-shaped portion of the molding can be made. It is understood that the transition between the roof-shaped portion of the molding and the side wall of the mold takes place asymptotically or tangentially.

In order to produce a lateral bevel, reworking of the transitional edges between the molding and the mold side wall can take place with a corresponding minimum radius.

In this way, all sharp edges, corners and abrupt transitions in the niche-like formation in the side wall of the mold are avoided.

Further possible embodiments of the mold can be taken from the above description with regard to the paving stone, so that they need not be repeated at this point. Of course, it should be noted that this is the negative form. With regard to appropriate dimensions, reference is also made to the description of the paving stone.

Figur 1

eine schematische räumliche Ansicht einer Form zur Herstellung von Pflastersteinen, die von einem Brett abgehoben ist, auf dem sich vier geformte Pflastersteine herkömmlicher Bauart befinden;

Figur 2

eine schematische Ansicht von drei verschiedenen Arten von Ausformungen;

Figur 3

eine herkömmlich ausgebildete Form zur Herstellung von Pflastersteinen auf einem Brett;

Figur 4

eine schematische Darstellung der Verdichtung des in den Formkammern befindlichen Betons;

Figur 5

eine schematische Darstellung einer herkömmlich ausgebildeten Form mit einer vergrößerten Detailansicht sowie vier auf einem Brett befindlichen Pflastersteinen herkömmlicher Bauart;

Figur 6

einen Schnitt durch eine Form sowie darunter eine Seitenansicht von zwei geformten Pflastersteinen;

Figur 7

eine räumliche Teilansicht eines erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Pflastersteines mit vier verschiedenen Arten von Ausformungen; und

Figur 8

einen Vertikalschnitt durch die Ausformungen D, B und A sowie C der Figur 7.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing. Show it:

FIG. 1

a schematic spatial view of a mold for the production of paving stones, which is lifted from a board, on the there are four shaped paving stones of conventional design;

FIG. 2

a schematic view of three different types of formations;

FIG. 3

a conventionally formed mold for making paving stones on a board;

FIG. 4

a schematic representation of the compression of the concrete located in the molding chambers;

FIG. 5

a schematic representation of a conventionally formed form with an enlarged detail view and four paving stones of conventional design on a board;

FIG. 6

a section through a mold and below a side view of two shaped paving stones;

FIG. 7

a partial spatial view of an inventively formed paving stone with four different types of formations; and

FIG. 8

a vertical section through the formations D, B and A and C of the FIG. 7 ,

FIG. 1 shows a conventional mold 4 and four paving stones 1 produced therewith, which are located on a production board 2. The paving stones 1 are cuboidal and have a base and top surface and four side surfaces on which are formed in the formations FIG. 2 are shown type. Such formations can serve as composite elements, spacers, etc. For the preparation of the formations is in FIG. 1 shown mold 4 with niche-shaped formations (recesses) 6 provided in their side walls, the corresponding mold cavities 5 surrounded.

How to easily FIG. 2 can take this formations 3 have a lower portion which extends approximately parallel to the corresponding paving stone side wall, and an upper roof-shaped portion, with which the molding passes into the side wall of the paving stone. The roof-shaped section in this case passes over relatively sharp corners and edges in the side wall, so that when lifting the mold 4 of the molded paving stones due to the formed undercuts or blind spots in many cases concrete material in the upper region of the niche-shaped recesses 6 of the mold 4 remains ,

FIG. 4 shows the compression of the filled into the mold cavities 5 concrete. It can be seen that the niche-shaped formations 6 in the upper region pass almost horizontally into the actual mold cavity 5.

FIG. 5 clearly shows the upper portion 8 of the niche-shaped formations 6, in which when lifting the mold concrete material 9 remains. This also shows the top view of FIG. 6 , The bottom view of FIG. 6 shows two correspondingly shaped paving stones on the production board 2, in which the upper portion, ie roof-shaped portion, the formations 6 is correspondingly deformed, as shown at 10, since this is the left behind in the mold concrete material 9 is missing.

FIG. 7 shows a partial spatial view of an inventively constructed paving stone 1. Here, four different types of formations are shown on a single stone for explanatory purposes. The formations are vertical and extend from the lower edge of the respective side wall almost to the upper edge thereof.

In the FIG. 7 Formed on the left A or 10 has a lower approximately parallel to the side wall 16 of the paving stone extending portion 11 and an upper, roof-shaped to the side wall extending portion 12. The roof-shaped portion 12 tapers up to a peak, while the lower Section 11 has a constant cross-section. The lower portion 11 is formed approximately semicircular in cross section. The upper roof-shaped portion 12 of the molding 10 is arcuate in vertical section in the side wall of the paving stone and arcuate in the lower portion 11 of the molding over. A corresponding vertical section is in FIG. 8 shown on the right. It can be seen that the roof-shaped portion 12 in vertical section of a first arc with a radius of curvature of 11 mm and an adjoining second arc is formed with a radius of curvature of 15 mm, both arcs asymptotically or tangentially in the side wall 16 and the lower portion 11 of the molding go over.

Furthermore, in FIG. 7 shown two forming elements, each composed of three formations A, D, B or 10, 14 and 17. Hiebei corresponds to the shape A or 10 of the above-described shape. The shape B or 17 is in vertical section also in FIG. 8 and has in its roof-shaped portion 16 a first arc with a radius of curvature of 60 mm, which merges into a second arc with a radius of curvature of 24 mm, which merges into the side wall 16. The roof-shaped portion is therefore formed flatter in this embodiment than in the formation A and 10. Between the two formations A, B and 10, 17 is a third formation D or 14, which is formed here as a spacer section. Also, this spacer portion is arcuately in its upper portion in the side wall 16, as shown at 15.

The fourth embodiment C of FIG. 7 has at its lower portion an enlarged foot portion 13, which also in the manner described arcuately merges into the central longer and narrower shape.

A vertical section through the shape D or 14 is also in FIG. 8 shown. In the roof-shaped section corresponding arcs are indicated with radii of curvature of 15 mm and 24 mm. In the lower section, the formation 14 has a thickening, which also with the help of two Bends (radii 15 mm and 15 mm) merges into the overlying section of the molding.

The shape for the preparation of the paving stones described corresponds to the stone of FIG. 7 in negative form.

Claims (11)

Paving stone of concrete or other artificially manufactured material having vertical or approximately vertical side walls and at least one laterally projecting vertically extending formation of any layout, which is formed as a spacer, composite element, etc. and a lower approximately parallel to the side wall extending portion and a characterized in that the upper roof-shaped portion (12, 15) of the formation (10, 14, 17) in a vertical section arcuately merges into the side wall (16), wherein the laid on the sheet Tangent with the cobblestone side wall (16) always forms an angle ≤45 °. Paving stone according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tangent placed on the arch with the paving stone side wall (16) always forms an angle ≤ 30 °. Paving stone according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the upper roof-shaped portion (12, 15) of the formation (10, 14) in arcuate section merges into the lower portion (11) of the formation (10, 14, 17). Paving stone according to claim 3, characterized in that the tangent to the arc with the paving stone side wall (16) always forms an angle ≤ 45 °. Paving stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper roof-shaped portion (12) tapers laterally upwards. Paving stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper roof-shaped section (12) merges laterally into the side wall (16) via a formed chamfer or rounding. Paving stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the side wall (16) passing arc of the roof-shaped portion (12, 15) has at least a radius of 10 mm. Paving stone according to claim 6, characterized in that the chamfer or rounding formed has a minimum radius of 2 mm. Paving stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formation (10, 14, 17) as a long composite element, as a thickening (13) at the lower portion of a composite element (10) or as a flat spacer portion (14) between two composite elements (10, 17) is formed. A mold for making a paving stone according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a hollow box having vertically or approximately vertically disposed sidewalls and at least one vertically extending formation laterally projecting from the sidewalls with a lower portion approximately parallel to the sidewall and an upper roof shape extending sidewardly toward the sidewall Section, characterized in that the upper roof-shaped portion of the molding in arcuate section merges into the side wall, wherein the tangent to the arc with the mold side wall always forms an angle ≤45 °. Mold according to claim 10, characterized in that the tangent to the arc with the mold side wall always forms an angle ≤ 30 °.

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