EP2212976B1 - Überspannungsableiter mit thermischem überlastschutz - Google Patents

Überspannungsableiter mit thermischem überlastschutz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2212976B1
EP2212976B1 EP08852430A EP08852430A EP2212976B1 EP 2212976 B1 EP2212976 B1 EP 2212976B1 EP 08852430 A EP08852430 A EP 08852430A EP 08852430 A EP08852430 A EP 08852430A EP 2212976 B1 EP2212976 B1 EP 2212976B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
surge arrestor
electrodes
surge arrester
spring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP08852430A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2212976A1 (de
Inventor
Gero Zimmermann
Thomas Westebbe
Peter Bobert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Electronics AG
Original Assignee
Epcos AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Epcos AG filed Critical Epcos AG
Publication of EP2212976A1 publication Critical patent/EP2212976A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2212976B1 publication Critical patent/EP2212976B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/02—Means for extinguishing arc

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surge arrester with thermal overload protection and its use and a method for protecting a surge arrester from thermal overload.
  • An object to be solved is to provide a thermal overload protection for a surge arrester and a method that safely and easily protect the surge arrester from thermal overload. Furthermore, a use must be specified.
  • the surge arrester has at least two electrodes; it can be a two-electrode as well as a three-electrode surge arrester.
  • the surge arrester forms an interior space by means of a tubular insulator, preferably a ceramic cylinder, and external electrodes or external connections arranged at its front ends.
  • the at least two electrodes are soldered or welded to the external terminals and are typically opposite to each other as pin electrodes or as a tube electrode and Pen electrode, which projects into the tube electrode is formed.
  • the interior of the surge arrester is gas-tight against the environment and contains a gas.
  • Surge arresters are used in particular to short-circuit high pulse-shaped voltages of a few kV and currents of a few kA in a very short time or to discharge them to ground.
  • a prolonged load in the event of a fault for example when a mains current is short-circuited via power supply network or via a telecommunication network or a voltage arrester (power cross), can lead to an inadmissibly high heating of the surge arrester, which possibly leads to a fire.
  • a surge arrester is thermally stressed under a load with direct or alternating voltages or with direct or alternating currents. This case can sometimes also occur in lightning protection applications.
  • Surge arresters in the field of network protection for example in the power supply of buildings, serve to protect the network against lightning impulse currents and against overvoltages.
  • arcing occurs when a certain threshold voltage is exceeded.
  • the arc is maintained by the feeding current as long as the electrical conditions for the arc are met.
  • the arc creates a thermal load on the surge arrester that must not exceed specified values for the surge arrester and its installation environment. Inadmissibly high temperatures may cause the surge arrester to catch fire.
  • One of the at least two electrodes of the surge arrester is normally connected to the associated external terminal of the surge arrester by means of a fusible element under normal operating conditions.
  • the fusible element establishes an electrical contact and mechanically connects the electrode to the external connection.
  • the surge arrester further includes an extinguishing device arranged to extinguish an arc.
  • the arc either burns when the surge arrester responds between the two electrodes, or develops between the one electrode and the outer terminal when the fuse contacts and melts.
  • the extinguishing device is triggered by the melting of the fusible element at too high a thermal load.
  • the extinction of the arc is accomplished by extending the distance that the arc can travel or travel from one electrode to the other electrode or to the outer electrode of the surge arrester.
  • the electrical circuit that is closed in the arc flashover between the electrodes of the surge arrester and the voltage or current source connected to the external electrodes is separated. As a result, a circuit is interrupted, so that no further thermal load occurs.
  • the surge arrester with extinguishing device is set up so that the external integrity of the surge arrester is maintained even when the extinguishing device is triggered.
  • External integrity means that the housing assembly of the surge arrester remains intact and no Parts that could cause damage outside the surge arrester are detached or blown off.
  • the extinguishing device is preferably arranged completely inside the housing of the surge arrester.
  • the extinguishing of the arc prevents overheating of the overvoltage arrester due to thermal overload and causes the surge arrester to catch fire. At the same time, it is possible that an arc-extinguishing gas or medium from the outer region of the surge arrester flows into the interior of the surge arrester or in the vicinity of the extinguishing device and an arc generated by the separation process is deleted.
  • the melting element has the properties of a low-melting solder.
  • a soft solder or a braze can be used. This ensures that, in the event of a thermal load on the surge arrester, the solder of the melting element is first melted before the remaining elements of the surge arrester can be damaged. The melting solder triggers the extinguishing device and an existing or resulting from the melting arc is deleted.
  • the fusible element is configured to melt upon inadmissible heating and to cause the erasing device to move the one electrode to a position farther from the other electrode of the surge arrester, or to increase the distance formed therebetween.
  • This embodiment makes it possible, by the movement of the one electrode not only to ensure an extension of the distance between these two elements with respect to the other electrode, but also to move out the one electrode from the interior of the surge arrester so that it is safely inoperative. This achieves a particularly efficient protection against thermal overloading of the surge arrester and the device protected by it.
  • the fusible element is configured to melt when heated and to cause the erasing device to move an insulating member between the outer terminal and the one electrode.
  • the one electrode is formed in several parts and contains, in addition to the main electrode of the actual surge arrester, an auxiliary electrode with which the electrode is fixed in the surge arrester.
  • the electrode has a pin pointing away from the interior of the surge arrester, which pin is electrically connected to the outer electrode by means of the fuse element.
  • the fusible element is formed so that a gap is formed between the outer electrode and the one electrode connected thereto. In the case of an inadmissible heating of the surge arrester and a melting of the fusible element, an insulation element is moved in this gap, so that the connection between the external connection and the one electrode is separated and interrupted.
  • the extinguishing device has a spring with which the movements required for the insulation are implemented.
  • the spring has the advantage that on the one hand the melting element mechanically biased and upon release of the fusible element by a relaxation of the spring an efficient movement of the leading electrode or the insulating element is performed to perform the insulation.
  • the spring is provided as a compression spring or as a tension spring.
  • a compression spring has the particular advantage that the spring support can be easily performed.
  • the extinguishing device is arranged in a space separated from the electrode of the surge arrester not connected to the fusible element.
  • This embodiment makes it possible on the one hand optimally optimize the interior of the actual surge arrester formed by the electrodes and the insulator to the specifications of the surge arrester.
  • the separated space accommodating the extinguishing device can be optimally designed for the function to be performed by the extinguishing device.
  • the separated space may contain a gas or a medium, which helps in triggering the melting element or the use of the extinguishing device to extinguish the resulting arc as efficiently as possible.
  • the spring is particularly preferably designed as a compression spring, which is biased in the normal state, ie without response of the fusible element between the outer terminal and the one electrode. This makes it possible that when melting the fusible element, the spring relaxes and pulls the electrode from the interior of the surge arrester by this movement and separates from the outer terminal.
  • the shape of the insulating element is adapted to the shape of the electrode.
  • the insulating member preferably has the shape of a pot, the walls of which move between the pin electrode and the outer terminal and presses against the bottom of the compression spring.
  • an embodiment of the spring is provided as a tension spring.
  • molten melting element With molten melting element, it is possible to actuate a contact element upon reaching the end position after the movement of the one electrode. By the spring and the contact element, an electrical contact is closed and generates an electrical signal. This electrical signal can be used for further processing, be used for example to display the functional state of the surge arrester.
  • the surge arrester can be used in a device which places high demands both on proper functioning and against thermal and other stresses.
  • a power supply network e.g. in a building
  • a telecommunications device or a telecommunications network which can be efficiently protected against lightning and other overvoltages by the surge arrester.
  • the surge arrester is not limited in its use and can also be used in any other electrical circuit in which high voltages must be dissipated by means of a surge arrester.
  • a method for protecting a surge arrester as described above from thermal overload the following steps are provided. If the surge arrester heats up excessively, the surge arrester heats up on the melting element, which is designed so that it melts when the thermal load is unduly high, before other parts of the surge arrester can catch fire. As a result of the melting of the fusible element, in a next step, an extinguishing device is triggered, which extends a path extending from one electrode of the surge arrester to the other electrode of the surge arrester or to the outer electrode. The extension of the route is effected in that in a preferred method step, the electrode is moved away from the other electrode and is further away in its end position. there the external integrity of the surge arrester is maintained.
  • an insulating element is moved into a space between the one electrode and the outer electrode with the aid of the extinguishing device.
  • the one space is formed by melting of the fusible element and released for the movement of the insulating element.
  • a contact element upon melting of the fusible element with the aid of the extinguishing device, a contact element is activated which generates an electrical signal and forwards it to a display or control device.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a first embodiment of a surge arrester.
  • FIG. 1a shows the normal state and
  • FIG. 1b the state after triggering the extinguishing device.
  • the surge arrester has an interior 10 as a discharge space, which is formed by a tubular insulator 11 and two outer electrodes 12 and 13 integrally formed on the outer sides of the insulator.
  • the interior of the surge arrester includes a tubular electrode 14 which is connected to the outer electrode 13 and a pin electrode 15 projecting into the tubular electrode 14, which is connected to the outer electrode 12.
  • the outer electrode 12 is formed cup-shaped and protrudes with its cup into the interior 10 of the surge arrester.
  • the cup bottom contains a hole 16 through which the inner electrode 15 is guided. Outside the inner space 10, the electrode 15 has a head 17 whose outer diameter is greater than the inner diameter of the hole 16.
  • the electrode 15 with head 17 is connected to the outer terminal 12 by means of a fusible element 18.
  • the melting element 18 is preferably designed as a soft solder or brazing alloy, so that in the normal state shown there is a good electrically conductive connection between the electrode 15 and the outer electrode 12.
  • the fusible element is designed such that it covers the bottom of the cup and optionally enters into the hole 16 of the outer electrode 12.
  • the the Interior 10 facing side of the head 17 of the electrode 15 is full on the cup bottom, so that the electrode 15 is guided exactly in the interior.
  • the head 17 has on the side facing away from the interior 10 of the electrode 15, a pin 19, on which a receptacle 20 is screwed. Between the receptacle 20 and the outer electrode 12, a compression spring 21 is arranged, which is supported against both the electrode 12 and the receptacle 20.
  • the receptacle 20 is guided in a tube 24 which is closed on the one hand by the electrode 12 and on the other hand by a connection 22.
  • the terminal 22 is also cup-shaped and protrudes with its cup bottom in the interior 23 inside.
  • the pin 19 of the electrode 15, the receptacle 20 and the compression spring 21 form the extinguishing device in connection with the melting element.
  • FIG. 1b the surge arrester is shown after tripping the melter. It can be seen that the melting element 18 has melted and the electrode 15 has been moved out of the interior 10 of the surge arrester by the force of the spring 21. As a result of the melting of the melting element 18, the compression spring 21 is in accordance with the pretensioned position FIG. 1a in a relaxed position according to FIG. 1b passed. The movement of the electrode 15 out of the interior 10 of the surge arrester is captured by the terminal 22, which forms a contact or closes in conjunction with the spring and the outer electrode. The distance formed between the two electrodes of the surge arrester or their spacing is thus extended so that the arc formed is extinguished.
  • the extinguishing device it is not necessary for the extinguishing device to be guided in a separate outer space 23, as long as constructive measures are taken to ensure that, when the extinguishing device is triggered, the external integrity of the surge arrester is maintained and no parts are removed.
  • the device of the cylindrical tube 24 and the terminal 22 is useful, however, because on the one hand uncontrolled movement of the electrode 15 is avoided from the surge arrester out.
  • a surge arrester by means of an insulating tube 11, preferably made of ceramic or plastic, and an outer electrode 13 is formed.
  • the outer electrode carries in the interior 10 of the surge arrester, an electrode 14 which is tubular in the embodiment, but may also be pin-shaped.
  • the counter electrode 30 to the electrode 14 is constructed in several parts. It contains in the interior of the surge arrester the pin electrode 31, which projects into the tube electrode 14. Alternatively, the two electrodes 14 and 31 may be implemented as opposed pin electrodes.
  • the interior 10 of the surge arrester is closed by an auxiliary electrode 32, which is cup-shaped and the cup bottom protrudes into the interior 10 and the pin electrode 31 carries.
  • the pin electrode 31 is soldered or welded to the center electrode 32, for example.
  • the electrode 30 On the side facing away from the interior 10, the electrode 30 has a pin 33 with a head 34.
  • the head 34 is adapted to fit within the cup of the center electrode 32 and be soldered or welded thereto.
  • the pin 33 or the electrode member 33 formed as a pin electrode is surrounded by an insulating tube 35 which is arranged between the center electrode 32 and an outer electrode 36 of the surge arrester.
  • the outer electrode 36 is shaped so that on the one hand enables a tight connection with the insulating tube 35 and on the other hand has a central hole 37 whose diameter is greater than the diameter of the pin 33 of the electrode 30.
  • the insulating tube 35 preferably has the same outer and inner diameter as the insulating tube 11 of the actual discharge path of the surge arrester. However, it is not necessary that the insulating tube 35 must be made of the same material as the insulating tube 11. However, the insulation tube 35 is preferably also a ceramic tube.
  • the outer electrode 36 On the side facing away from the insulating tube 35, the outer electrode 36 has an edge 38, are formed by the two paragraphs of the outer electrode 36.
  • the outer shoulder allows the attachment of a housing part 39, which is provided as a holding device for the spring of the extinguishing device. In a tension spring, the housing part 39 may also be omitted.
  • the interior of the facing paragraph of the outer electrode 36 receives a solder pad 40.
  • the Surface of this paragraph is aligned with the bottom of the pin 33, which is opposite to the head 34.
  • the solder disk 40 is designed so that it connects the shoulder of the outer electrode 36 with the pin 33 of the one electrode 30 electrically good.
  • the pot 41 has an edge thickness which is at most equal to the difference of the outer diameter of the pin 33 to the inner diameter of the outer electrode 36 may be.
  • a compression spring 42 is tensioned, which biases the insulating element 41 against the fusible element 40 in the normal state shown.
  • the insulation pot 41 has an extension 43, which does not extend over the entire edge of the pot, and which extends through the melting element 40 into the space 37 between the outer electrode and the inner electrode 30.
  • This extension allows, in the case of melting of the fusible element, that the insulating element 41 is guided on the pin 33 and can not tilt.
  • the insulating element 41 is pushed in the tripped state of the fusible element by means of the relaxing spring 42 via the pin 33 of the one electrode of the surge arrester or in the hole of the outer electrode.
  • the available for an arc free path between the outer electrode 36 is extended by the one electrode of the surge arrester.
  • the interior space 10 of the surge arrester is completely retained.
  • a resulting from the separation of the one electrode 30 and the outer terminal 36 arc is deleted on the one hand by the long isolation paths of the insulating element 41.

Landscapes

  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP08852430A 2007-11-21 2008-11-21 Überspannungsableiter mit thermischem überlastschutz Active EP2212976B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007056165A DE102007056165A1 (de) 2007-11-21 2007-11-21 Überspannungsableiter mit thermischem Überlastschutz
PCT/EP2008/066015 WO2009065939A1 (de) 2007-11-21 2008-11-21 Überspannungsableiter mit thermischem überlastschutz

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2212976A1 EP2212976A1 (de) 2010-08-04
EP2212976B1 true EP2212976B1 (de) 2012-04-04

Family

ID=40351989

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08852430A Active EP2212976B1 (de) 2007-11-21 2008-11-21 Überspannungsableiter mit thermischem überlastschutz

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US8129648B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2212976B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2011504282A (zh)
KR (1) KR20100090288A (zh)
CN (1) CN101889375B (zh)
AT (1) ATE552634T1 (zh)
DE (1) DE102007056165A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2009065939A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2471869B (en) * 2009-07-15 2012-04-25 Vishay Resistors Belgium Bvba Thermal switch
CN101741081A (zh) * 2010-01-12 2010-06-16 佛山市浦斯电子有限公司 具有热保护功能的电涌抑制器
JP5327916B2 (ja) * 2012-02-07 2013-10-30 東芝エレベータ株式会社 エレベータ装置
CN102856021B (zh) * 2012-09-27 2014-11-05 王巨丰 无续流电弧防雷间隙保护装置
EP3482408B1 (en) * 2016-07-06 2023-06-07 Hitachi Energy Switzerland AG Fast earthing switch device for hv applications
US10749333B2 (en) * 2018-01-09 2020-08-18 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Thermal limiter fuse system for electric motor protection

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US5198791A (en) * 1991-02-05 1993-03-30 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Surge absorber

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20100314358A1 (en) 2010-12-16
EP2212976A1 (de) 2010-08-04
JP2011504282A (ja) 2011-02-03
CN101889375B (zh) 2013-05-15
CN101889375A (zh) 2010-11-17
ATE552634T1 (de) 2012-04-15
US8129648B2 (en) 2012-03-06
DE102007056165A1 (de) 2009-05-28
KR20100090288A (ko) 2010-08-13
WO2009065939A1 (de) 2009-05-28

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