EP2203264B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur umformung eines stangenmaterials, stangenmaterial - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur umformung eines stangenmaterials, stangenmaterial Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2203264B1
EP2203264B1 EP08802474A EP08802474A EP2203264B1 EP 2203264 B1 EP2203264 B1 EP 2203264B1 EP 08802474 A EP08802474 A EP 08802474A EP 08802474 A EP08802474 A EP 08802474A EP 2203264 B1 EP2203264 B1 EP 2203264B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bar stock
forming tool
diameter
forming
bending
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08802474A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2203264A1 (de
Inventor
Matthias Hermes
Bastian Kurze
A. Erman Tekkaya
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technische Universitaet Dortmund
Original Assignee
Universitat Dortmund
Technische Universitaet Dortmund
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universitat Dortmund, Technische Universitaet Dortmund filed Critical Universitat Dortmund
Priority to SI200830325T priority Critical patent/SI2203264T1/sl
Publication of EP2203264A1 publication Critical patent/EP2203264A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2203264B1 publication Critical patent/EP2203264B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels
    • B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
    • B21C3/12—Die holders; Rotating dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels
    • B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
    • B21C3/08—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof with section defined by rollers, balls, or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for forming a rod material and a rod material, on the one hand, a reduction of the cross-section takes place and additionally a bending of the rod material is performed.
  • the tube bending processes known today are generally associated with high tooling costs, since the bending tools have to be adapted to the respective workpiece and in particular have to be specially adjusted to the respective pipe diameter.
  • the radii or contours to be bent are each imaged by the tool.
  • EP 0 148 514 relates to a method and an apparatus for producing pipes and the resulting product.
  • the invention enables the production of bent tubes by cold drawing a hollow tube in one operation with reduction of the outer diameter and the wall thickness by means of a Ausformwerkmaschines and a dome.
  • US 3,013,652 discloses a method of sliding tubes over a loose plug combined with a mandrel, and bending the tube around a drum.
  • FR 2 467 644 describes a method for reducing a pipe diameter and a subsequent expansion of the pipe behind a punch by means of a Ausformwerkmaschinemaschines.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to at least partially solve the problems described with reference to the prior art and, in particular, to provide a method and a device by which in particular thin-walled bar materials, such as e.g. Tubes, as well as rod materials with new high-strength materials are simple, accurate and inexpensive formable.
  • thin-walled bar materials such as e.g. Tubes
  • rod materials with new high-strength materials are simple, accurate and inexpensive formable.
  • a bar material can be bent flat (simple) or spatially (complex) with the possibility of simultaneously changing the diameter or thickness of the workpiece along its longitudinal axis during bending.
  • the bar material is secured against twisting during the forming process in particular.
  • metallic rod materials are suitable for the method according to the invention, e.g. elongated, closed or open profiles or round bodies, hollow profiles or tubes.
  • the rod material has a length which is significantly greater than the diameter, in particular with wire-like rod material may possibly also be spoken by an endless profile.
  • the rod material is fed in a step a) with its first diameter (initial diameter or comparable extent specification) to a forming tool, wherein the forming tool rotates in the circumferential direction around the rod material and in particular unrolls on the outer circumference of the profile.
  • first diameter initial diameter or comparable extent specification
  • the forming tool rotates in the circumferential direction around the rod material and in particular unrolls on the outer circumference of the profile.
  • this also means, for example, that the forming tool exerts forces on a portion of the peripheral surface of the rod material which enable a (uniform) diameter reduction.
  • the rod material in its state still unprocessed by the method, has a first (middle) diameter, which is predetermined by its respective outer contour, which is reduced by the encircling forming tool in a step b).
  • a plurality of forming tools can also be arranged one behind the other, in particular coaxially, so that a first diameter of the bar material can be reduced several times, but a single-stage reduction of the diameter is preferred in view of a simple and inexpensive construction of the device.
  • the wall thickness is changed by the forming tool.
  • a deflection device which allows bending of the bar material (bending process).
  • the deflection device may be formed as a die, through which the rod material extends.
  • the deflection device can also be used as a pen, as an angle or the like. It is preferred that the bending be carried out with a constant degree of bending during the method proposed here.
  • the bending of the rod material in step c) takes place in the region of an influence zone of the forming tool, which is characterized by the local plastic deformation of the material of the rod material by the forming tool.
  • the material of the rod material is locally plastically deformed. Due to the stress state introduced thereby, simultaneous bending is favored, so that in particular only small bending forces are to be used by the deflection device.
  • the zone of influence characterizes the region of the rod material which is plastically deformed locally at a certain point in time, in which the material thus flows, so that further deformation of the material is possible, for example, by bending with little effort.
  • the influence area can be maintained differently in time behind the forming tool, so that the influence range (ie the distance from the plastic deformation to the solidification) can be adjusted by the feed rate and the force of the forming tool.
  • a defined solidification can be further introduced into the material of the rod material.
  • a defined change in the rotational speed of the forming tool to the rod material at a constant feed rate (feed) of the rod material to the forming tool a different solidification can be introduced at the relevant point in the axial extension of the rod material.
  • the rod material then has at this point without significant geometric changes, in particular without geometric changes, over an increased strength.
  • defined failure zones for example, can be introduced into a component. This can be important, for example, in the crash behavior of a vehicle.
  • an inner cross-section of a hollow rod material is supported by a mandrel in at least one subregion of the zone of influence of the forming tool.
  • the (free) inner cross section of the rod material is supported in at least a portion of its inner circumferential surface, so that in a partial region of the influence zone, the hollow rod material is reduced in its inner diameter only so far by the forming tool that it rests on the mandrel at least in a partial region.
  • the mandrel does not extend into the portion of the zone of influence of the forming tool, in which the hollow bar material is already deformed by a bend, so that there is no unwanted overlap between mandrel and bar material as a result of the bend.
  • the mandrel can in particular also be used in several successive forming steps, so that it extends in particular through all these forming steps, which produce an ever further reduced inner diameter of the bar material or obtain a constant inner diameter and reduce only the outer diameter or reduce the wall thickness. Due to the mandrel shape and the axial positioning of the mandrel, the influence of the forming tool on the material can be controlled. Thus, e.g. produced at a position of the mandrel directly under the forming components of the forming tool almost pure compressive stresses and thus a wall thickness reduction can be effected. At a position of the mandrel in front of the forming components of the forming tool, an in-line bending stress can be achieved within the tube wall so that the solidification introduced into the material of the hollow bar stock is reduced.
  • a bending radius is set in step c) which deviates at most 5%, in particular at most 3%, from a radius of curvature of the bent rod material.
  • bending radius refers to the radius which is set in method step c), for example by a system operator.
  • the mentioned radius of curvature denotes the radius of the bent bar material, the End product can be measured or generated. The radius of curvature is thus greater in particular by the amount of springback than the set bending radius.
  • the method is also characterized by the fact that this springback due to the bending during the plastic deformation of the material by the forming tool is very low. As a result, a precise bending or an accurate setting of the bending radius is possible, so that it is in particular identical to the final radius of curvature generated. In this case, it is possible to produce radii of curvature which deviate in particular less than 2% and also less than 1% from the bending radius. This error in the estimation of the spring compensation can be avoided and particularly accurate bending processes can be realized.
  • the forming tool has a rotational speed around the rod material of 50 to 3000 1 / min [revolutions per minute], on.
  • the rotational speed is preferably to be selected in the upper specified range in order to carry out an economic process with acceptable centrifugal forces.
  • the entire forming tool and / or its (individual) rollers can move at this rotational speed relative to the rod material around.
  • a particularly fast circumscribing forming tool transfers the material in the zone of influence of the forming tool into a state of stress, in which the material of the bar material is already partly or completely made to flow, so that no high forces are required for the actual bending process and the springback is additionally reduced ,
  • the ratio of bending radius (R B ) to a second diameter (D 2 ) lies in a range of 1 to 5 (5 ⁇ R B / D 2 ⁇ 1), preferably in a range of 1 to 3, and more preferably in a range of 1 to 2.
  • This ratio of set bending radius R B to a second diameter D 2 , the outer diameter after forming the Bar material is a parameter for the achievable degree of deformation of the bending of the rod material.
  • rod material is in particular also machined from high-strength material, e.g. made of heat-resistant steel, TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity), dual-phase steel, titanium alloys or aluminum alloys.
  • high-strength material e.g. made of heat-resistant steel, TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity), dual-phase steel, titanium alloys or aluminum alloys.
  • the step b) is performed with varying rotational speed of the forming tool, wherein in particular locally limited portions of the rod material are influenced in terms of material properties, in particular solidified.
  • the rotational speed is significantly varied, in particular by more than 10%, preferably by more than 25% and especially by more than 50% of the present rotational speed. It is preferred that the rotational speed is increased at least once and once lowered, in particular again to an initial value.
  • the change can in particular be made abruptly in order to produce the desired material properties with high selectivity in the individual locally limited subregions.
  • the other parameters, such as delivery of the forming tool in the radial direction, feed of the rod material, etc. can advantageously support this effect and be adjusted accordingly, or varied. For example, failure points of the component can be generated in a targeted and defined manner.
  • the device described here is particularly suitable for carrying out the method also described here according to the invention. Also, therefore, to explain the function or operation of the device to the explanations to the described forming method can be used.
  • device here on the one hand meant a purpose built for this purpose facility, as well as a tool set, the z. B. can build on turning devices.
  • the apparatus For performing a combined forming-bending process, the apparatus comprises a feed unit which either pushes bar stock through the forming tool or pulls it through the forming tool. A combination of these two characteristics is also possible.
  • the device has (at least one) circumferential forming tool. This forming tool may rotate completely or partially (e.g., individual rolling bodies in contact with the bar stock) around the bar stock.
  • the rotational axis of the forming tool is preferably substantially parallel to the feed direction of the rod material in the region of the forming tool, so that a forming force can act tangentially and radially on the cross section thereof.
  • the deflector which is downstream of the forming tool in the feed direction, bends the bar stock and for this purpose has an adapted receptacle or guide for the bar stock. It should be pointed out here that if necessary at least two of the units mentioned here (forming tool, feed unit, deflection device) can be combined or integrated with one another.
  • this has a control which is in particular programmable or makes a direct intervention possible and by which in particular all components of the device can be controlled automatically.
  • the deflection device can be positioned by the controller.
  • positioning means in particular a displacement in the three-dimensional space behind the forming tool, as well as a rotation of the deflection device about all three spatial axes.
  • the position of the deflection device can be controlled and changed during the forming process.
  • the control is furthermore particularly suitable for performing at least one of the following functions: to control, regulate or position the feed, the rotational speed of the forming tool and the positioning of the mandrel for supporting an inner cross section.
  • the at least one forming tool is a rotating flow-forming tool.
  • this flow-forming tool has a base body with a recess through which the rod material is passed during the process.
  • a plurality of rollers are arranged on this body, which are rotatable about its own axis, and are in contact with the bar material and thus effect the deformation of the bar material.
  • at least two but also more (for example 4, 5, 6, 8, 10) rollers can be arranged around the rod material on the base body of the flow-forming tool.
  • the rollers are preferably cylindrical, but this is not mandatory.
  • the rollers are also regularly driven by themselves.
  • the axes of the rollers are arranged in particular parallel to the axis of rotation of the forming tool.
  • the rotating flow-forming tool has radially deliverable rollers and the apparatus in particular a controller, in particular for the automated feed of the rollers.
  • the rollers arranged on the main body of the rotating flow-forming tool are radially on the base body of the flow-forming tool deliverable bar stock, or even removable, so that different outer contours and / or degrees of plastic deformation of the rod material can be generated.
  • the speed of delivery is coupled with the speed of the feed, so that transitions such. B. radii or conicities can be adjusted as desired.
  • the rolls may have different shapes. They may be conically shaped, cylindrical or spherical and in particular have any other shapes.
  • this has a mandrel which at least partially supports an inner cross section of the rod material in at least one subregion of an influence zone of the at least one forming tool.
  • the mandrel is regularly relative to the position of the forming tool relatively movable and can in particular partially immerse in the forming tool.
  • the rod material according to the invention is produced by the method according to the invention and has at least one failure zone.
  • This failure zone is defined by at least one locally deviating material property of the rod material, which is introduced into the rod material in particular by coordinated process variants.
  • These locally deviating material properties may in particular be present over the entire circumference bounded in the axial direction of extension of the rod material, whereby deviating material properties are present over the entire cross section of the rod material (in comparison to other axial regions).
  • partial regions of the circumference of an axial bar material section or partial regions of the cross section of the bar material may also have locally differing material properties.
  • the rod material is made particularly brittle in these areas, so that a failure point is defined by this material property.
  • a material property is, in particular, a mechanical property, possibly at least one of the group: strength, hardness, ductility, microstructure, solidification, degree of deformation, etc.
  • Fig. 1 shows here the device 13 for combined spin forming and bending of a rod material 1 by a rotating flow-forming tool 16, which is used here as a forming tool 2, with three rollers 17 which are arranged rotatably around the, carried out by the forming tool 2, bar material 1 around.
  • the rod material 1 in this case has a first diameter 3 in front of the forming tool 2 and is pressed by a feed device 14 with a feed 15 through the forming tool 2 therethrough.
  • the diameter 3 of the rod material 1 is reduced as a result of the forming process by the forming tool 2 to a second diameter 11 after the forming tool 2.
  • the material of the bar material 1 in the zone of influence 5 of the forming tool 2 is partially plastically deformed (outside), so that the bending of the bar material 1 is possible with lower forces.
  • the deflecting device 4 arranged downstream of the forming tool 2 is set in such a way, optionally by a controller 18, that a bending radius 9 is generated.
  • this bending radius 9 is entered in the controller 18 or set on the device 13, wherein as a result of the springback of the rod material 1 after bending a radius of curvature 10 occurs in the final product of the rod material 1 produced.
  • the controller 18 is particularly suitable for a common control of at least feed unit 14, rotational and delivery speed or feed path of the rollers 17, rotational speed of the forming tool 2 and positioning of the deflection device 4. This is in Fig. 1 represented by the dashed connecting lines between the control unit 18 and the individual device components.
  • Fig. 2 shows a further device 13 in a perspective view, wherein the back of the forming tool 2 is shown with the Walzenachsenfactn 23 in the base body 19.
  • the deflection device 4 is designed as a die, through which the rod material 1 extends.
  • the first diameter 3 of the rod material is reduced to the second diameter 11.
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows a plan view of the flow-forming die 16, which consists essentially of a base body 19 and, in this case, of three rotatably arranged on the base body 19 rolls 17.
  • the flow-forming tool 16 rotates with its base body 19 and the rollers 17 to the rod material 1, which has a first diameter 3 in the area in front of the forming and in the deformed state after the forming a second diameter 11.
  • the rollers 17 are in this embodiment in a shown conical embodiment whose smaller diameter comes into engagement with the first diameter 3 of the rod material 1 and whose larger diameter generates the deformed second diameter 11 of the rod material 1.
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows a plan view of a further device 13, with a rolling tool 16, consisting essentially of a base body 19 and arranged on rollers 17, which can perform a feed movement 20 by feed units.
  • the main body 19 rotate in a first rotational direction 21 about the rod material 1 and the rollers in a second direction of rotation 22, wherein the rollers 17 roll on the circumference of the rod material 1.
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows a cross section through the device 13, wherein here a hollow bar material 1 is shown, with a first diameter 3 in front of the forming tool 2 and an inner cross section 6 and a corresponding wall thickness 12.
  • the bar material 1 is in the region of the influence zone 5 of the forming tool 2 of the first diameter 3 is reduced to the second diameter 11, wherein a mandrel 7 is inserted at least in a portion 8 of the influence zone 5 of the forming tool 2, so that in this area the bar material 1 is supported with its inner cross section 6 on the mandrel 7.
  • a failure zone 24 is generated by corresponding change of one or more process parameters.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
EP08802474A 2007-09-28 2008-09-22 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur umformung eines stangenmaterials, stangenmaterial Not-in-force EP2203264B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200830325T SI2203264T1 (sl) 2007-09-28 2008-09-22 Postopek in naprava za preoblikovanje paličastega materiala, paličast material

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007046870A DE102007046870A1 (de) 2007-09-28 2007-09-28 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Umformung eines Stangenmaterials
PCT/EP2008/007979 WO2009043500A1 (de) 2007-09-28 2008-09-22 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur umformung eines stangenmaterials, stangenmaterial

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2203264A1 EP2203264A1 (de) 2010-07-07
EP2203264B1 true EP2203264B1 (de) 2011-04-27

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08802474A Not-in-force EP2203264B1 (de) 2007-09-28 2008-09-22 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur umformung eines stangenmaterials, stangenmaterial

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2203264B1 (es)
AT (1) ATE507015T1 (es)
DE (2) DE102007046870A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2365448T3 (es)
SI (1) SI2203264T1 (es)
WO (1) WO2009043500A1 (es)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2743269C1 (ru) * 2020-07-29 2021-02-16 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Магнитогорский государственный технический университет им. Г.И. Носова" (ФГБОУ ВО "МГТУ им. Г.И. Носова") Способ производства круглой калиброванной стали с ультрамелкозернистой структурой

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016013672A1 (de) 2016-11-10 2018-05-17 Technische Universität Dortmund Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum ebenen oder räumlichen Biegen von Profilen durch einen Walzvorgang
CN109909338B (zh) * 2019-02-26 2020-10-30 西北工业大学 一种用于管材旋压弯曲渐进成形工艺的弯曲机构

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR548258A (fr) * 1922-03-06 1923-01-11 Le Tube Sa Procédé et dispositif pour l'étirage des tubes métalliques
FR831265A (fr) * 1936-12-24 1938-08-29 Metallurg Bresciana Gia Tempin Système et dispositif pour étirer des tubes ou tiges de forme cylindrique
US3013652A (en) 1959-02-18 1961-12-19 Amaconda American Brass Compan Tube drawing apparatus
CA934583A (en) * 1970-01-13 1973-10-02 Westinghouse Canada Limited Roll reduction of tubing
DD117367A1 (es) * 1975-02-03 1976-01-12
FR2467644A1 (fr) 1979-10-25 1981-04-30 Savin Gennady Procede d'etirage de tubes et mandrin auto-ajustable pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
EP0148514B1 (en) 1981-03-13 1989-02-01 Santrade Ltd. Method and apparatus for cold drawing and imparting curvature to metal tubes
JP3504967B2 (ja) * 1994-01-31 2004-03-08 アイシン精機株式会社 非円形断面の曲がり管を製造する方法および装置

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2743269C1 (ru) * 2020-07-29 2021-02-16 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Магнитогорский государственный технический университет им. Г.И. Носова" (ФГБОУ ВО "МГТУ им. Г.И. Носова") Способ производства круглой калиброванной стали с ультрамелкозернистой структурой

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SI2203264T1 (sl) 2011-09-30
DE502008003376D1 (de) 2011-06-09
EP2203264A1 (de) 2010-07-07
ES2365448T3 (es) 2011-10-05
WO2009043500A1 (de) 2009-04-09
ATE507015T1 (de) 2011-05-15
DE102007046870A1 (de) 2009-04-09

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