EP2197009B1 - Contacteur avec aimants à soufflage - Google Patents

Contacteur avec aimants à soufflage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2197009B1
EP2197009B1 EP08021662.5A EP08021662A EP2197009B1 EP 2197009 B1 EP2197009 B1 EP 2197009B1 EP 08021662 A EP08021662 A EP 08021662A EP 2197009 B1 EP2197009 B1 EP 2197009B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact bridge
contact
magnets
magnetic field
permanent magnets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP08021662.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2197009A1 (fr
Inventor
Ralf Hoffmann
Matthias Kroeker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TE Connectivity Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH filed Critical Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH
Priority to EP08021662.5A priority Critical patent/EP2197009B1/fr
Priority to ES08021662T priority patent/ES2442872T3/es
Priority to JP2011540033A priority patent/JP5496221B2/ja
Priority to PCT/EP2009/066459 priority patent/WO2010066651A1/fr
Priority to CN200980149739.6A priority patent/CN102246250B/zh
Priority to US13/139,208 priority patent/US8946580B2/en
Publication of EP2197009A1 publication Critical patent/EP2197009A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2197009B1 publication Critical patent/EP2197009B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/54—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/54—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force
    • H01H2001/545—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force having permanent magnets directly associated with the contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to contactors with blowout magnets for arc extinguishing.
  • a contactor comprises a contact bridge with a first and a second contact arranged at respective ends of the contact bridge, a first and a second permanent magnet arranged in the vicinity of the first and the second contact, respectively, the first and the second permanent magnets being polarized in the same direction such that an arc generated at the first or the second contact is blown in a direction away from the contact bridge, and a third permanent magnet arranged in the vicinity of the contact bridge and between the first and the second permanent magnets, the third permanent magnet being polarized in a direction opposite to the first and the second permanent magnets.
  • the third permanent magnet is adapted for compensating the magnetic field generated by the first and the second permanent magnets at a central portion of the contact bridge.
  • the magnetic blow field is restricted to the area where the arcs occur and does not affect the contact bridge. This reduces the risk of an uncontrolled opening of the contacts.
  • the third permanent magnet is also adapted for compensating the magnetic field generated by a current flowing through the first and the second contact at a central portion of the contact bridge.
  • the overall magnetic field at a central portion of the contact bridge is substantially zero.
  • the third permanent magnet is adapted for over-compensating the magnetic field generated by the first and the second permanent magnets and the magnetic field generated by a current, in particular the maximum rated current of the contactor, flowing through the first and the second contact at a central portion of the contact bridge.
  • the third permanent magnet is generating, in combination with the current flowing through the contact bridge, an overall magnetic force that acts on the contact bridge and tends to keep the contact bridge with respect to the first and the second contact in a closed position.
  • the maximum rated current of the contactor is preferably within the range of 100A to 10kA, especially in the order of 1 kA. Currents in this order of magnitude typically occur in the context of hybrid cars, electrically powered cars, and other high-current applications.
  • At least one of size, strength and arrangement of the third permanent magnet is adapted in order to achieve a desired ratio of a magnetic force that tends to keep the contact bridge in a closed position and a magnetic force acting on the arc.
  • Size, especially the width along the direction of the contact bridge, and arrangement, especially placement relative to the contact bridge, can be readily controlled in order to reach the design goal regarding the strength ratio of the magnetic forces involved.
  • the contactor further comprises pole plates for maximizing the magnetic field of the third permanent magnet at a central portion of the contact bridge.
  • Pole plates may also be used for optimizing the distribution of the magnetic field in the vicinity of the contact bridge and the contacts.
  • pole plates may be arranged such that the magnetic blow field is maximum at the contacts, whereas the oppositely directed compensatory field of the third magnet is maximum at and restricted to the central portion of the contact bridge.
  • the third permanent magnet consists of a pair of two permanent magnets, which are polarized in a direction opposite to the first and the second permanent magnets and arranged at two facing sides of the contact bridge. In this manner, a particularly strong and homogeneous magnetic field may be created that is concentrated at the central portion of the contact bridge.
  • Figures 1A and 1B are schematic drawings illustrating the effect of the magnetic blowout field on the arcs and the contact bridge in a conventional contactor comprising a contact bridge (12) for making and breaking an electrical contact between two terminals +A1 and -A2, and permanent magnets (not shown) for generating a magnetic field B perm that is perpendicular to the drawing plane.
  • a DC current is flowing from terminal -A2 to terminal +A1.
  • an electro-magnetic actuator (not shown) is applying a mechanical force F spring on the contact bridge (12) in order to keep the electrical contacts closed.
  • F spring a mechanical force
  • the contact bridge starts moving to an opened position, arcs will form at the two contacts (10,14) of the bridge.
  • the current flow through the arc at the left contact (10) is downwards, whereas the current flow through the arc at the right contact (14) is upwards.
  • the current flow through the contact bridge is also perpendicular to the magnetic field B perm , resulting in an electromagnetic force F current acting on the contact bridge.
  • this force is directed downwards, namely in a direction opposite to the mechanical holding force F spring .
  • the electromagnetic force may compensate and overcome the mechanical holding force F spring , leading to an uncontrolled opening op the electrical contact. This effect, which is also known as contact levitation, imposes a severe upper limit to the current carrying capacity of the contactor.
  • the problem of contact levitation is solved by suppressing the magnetic field in the area of the contact bridge.
  • at least one additional permanent magnet is provided in the vicinity of a central portion of the contact bridge.
  • the additional permanent magnets are polarized in a direction opposite to the blow magnets. Due to the linear superposition of magnetic fields, the effective strength of the magnetic field at a central position of the contact bridge will be at least reduced as compared to the conventional contactor. Depending on the actual field distribution along the contact bridge, the resulting electromagnetic force on the contact bridge will be reduced accordingly.
  • the additional permanent magnets generate, in combination with the current flowing through the contact bridge, a force that tends to keep the contact bridge in a closed position.
  • the overall force acting on the contact bridge is the sum of all forces involved, namely the electromagnetic force generated by the blow magnets, the electromagnetic force generated by the intrinsic magnetic field, the electromagnetic force generated by the additional permanent magnets, and the mechanical force generated by the actuator.
  • the additional permanent magnets are provided in order to keep the overall force within desired limiting values, and in particular to avoid any uncontrolled opening of the contacts.
  • the strength and distribution of the magnetic field generated by the additional permanent magnets may be adapted to specific requirements. For instance, the strength of this magnetic field may be required to be high enough to prevent uncontrolled opening of the contact even in a short circuit condition (currents in the order of 10kA) whereas controlled opening and closing of the contact during regular operation (currents in the order of 1kA) should not be affected. This may be achieved by adapting the arrangement and size of the additional permanent magnets, as well as by choosing the appropriate material of the additional permanent magnets, in particular with respect to their coercive force.
  • the strength and arrangement of the additional permanent magnets may be adapted so as to achieve a desired ratio of these two forces.
  • Figures 2A to 3C illustrate an exemplary configuration of the contact area of a contactor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figs. 2A and 2B show a top view and a side elevation of the contact area, respectively.
  • Figs 3B and 3C show a sectional view of the contact area along sections A-A and B-B indicated in Fig. 3A .
  • like elements are denoted by like reference numerals.
  • a movable contact bridge (3) is arranged for making and breaking an electrical contact between two terminals (1, 2). To this end, each end of the contact bridge engages with a respective one of two fixed contacts. Two sets of blow magnets (4, 4a, 5, 5a) are provided in the vicinity of the two contacts in order to extinguish arcs (7, 7a) that form at these contacts upon breaking the current. Each of these sets consist of two permanent magnets that are polarized in the same direction in order to generate a homogeneous field inbetween, as indicated letters N and S in Fig. 2A .
  • an additional set of permanent magnets (6, 6a) is provided in the vicinity of a central portion of the contact bridge, namely between the blow magnets (4, 4a, 5, 5a), in order to suppress the magnetic field at the contact bridge.
  • the additional set of permanent magnets consists of two permanent magnets that are polarized in the same direction, but oppositely to the blow magnets, in order to generate a homogeneous compensatory field inbetween.
  • the number of magnets and their arrangement in pairs of two is by way of example only and that the present invention is not limited to the configuration shown in Figs. 2 and 3 .
  • similar advantages can be achieved by any number of permanent magnets as long as the magnets arranged close to a central portion of the contact bridge are oppositely polarized as the magnets arranged close to the switching contacts at the end portions of the contact bridge.
  • pole plates may be provided for optimizing the magnetic field strength and its distribution throughout the contact bridge arrangement. Pole plates may for instance be arranged for each pair of magnets shown in Figs. 2 and 3 so as to establish a return flux path for maximizing the magnetic field.
  • contact levitation can reliably be prevented without any modifications to the actuating mechanism of the contactor.
  • the present invention thus provides a simple and cost effective solution to the problem of contact levitation.
  • the present invention demonstrates how the current carrying capacity of a conventional contactor can be increased with only a minor modification to its design.
  • the present invention relates to contactors for unidirectional DC operation with permanent magnetic arc extinguishing.
  • the contactors are equipped with compensatory permanent magnets for compensating the magnetic field in the vicinity of the contact bridge in order to prevent contact levitation, i.e., an uncontrolled opening of the contacts that is due to a magnetic force generated by a strong current flowing through the contact bridge.
  • the compensatory permanent magnets are arranged in the vicinity of the contact bridge and polarized in the opposite direction of the blow magnets. The magnetic field of the compensatory magnets and the current flowing through the contact bridge are generating a magnetic force that acts on the contact bridge and tends to keep the electrical contacts closed.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Contacteur comprenant
    un pont de contact (3);
    un premier et un second contact (1, 2) disposés aux extrémités respectives du pont de contact (3); et
    un premier et un deuxième aimant permanent (4, 5) disposés au voisinage du premier et du second contact (1, 2), respectivement, le premier et le deuxième aimant permanent (4, 5) étant polarisés dans le même sens de telle sorte qu'un arc généré au niveau du premier ou du second contact (1, 2) est soufflé dans une direction l'éloignant du pont de contact (3),
    caractérisé par
    un troisième aimant permanent (6) disposé au voisinage du pont de contact (3) et entre le premier et le deuxième aimant permanent (4, 5), le troisième aimant permanent (6) étant polarisé dans un sens opposé à celui du premier et du deuxième aimant permanent (4, 5).
  2. Contacteur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le troisième aimant permanent (6) est adapté pour compenser le champ magnétique généré par le premier et le deuxième aimant permanent (4, 5) au niveau d'une partie centrale du pont de contact (3).
  3. Contacteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le troisième aimant permanent (6) est adapté pour compenser le champ magnétique généré par un courant circulant à travers le premier et le second contact (1, 2) au niveau d'une partie centrale du pont de contact (3).
  4. Contacteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel le troisième aimant permanent (6) est adapté pour surcompenser le champ magnétique généré par le premier et le second aimant permanent (4, 5) et le champ magnétique généré par un courant circulant à travers le premier et le second contact (1, 2) au niveau d'une partie centrale du pont de contact (3).
  5. Contacteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le troisième aimant permanent (6) est adapté pour générer, en combinaison avec un courant circulant à travers le pont de contact (3), une force magnétique globale qui agit sur le pont de contact (3) et a tendance à maintenir le pont de contact en position fermée par rapport au premier et au second contact (1, 2).
  6. Contacteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, dans lequel le courant circulant à travers le pont de contact (3) et à travers le premier et le second contact (1, 2) est un courant assigné maximum du contacteur.
  7. Contacteur selon la revendication 6, dans lequel le courant assigné maximum du contacteur est compris dans une plage allant de 100 A à 10 kA, de préférence de l'ordre de 1 kA.
  8. Contacteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel au moins la dimension et/ou la puissance et/ou la disposition du troisième aimant permanent (6) est/sont adaptée/s pour obtenir un rapport voulu d'une force magnétique ayant tendance à maintenir le pont de contact (3) en position fermée à une force magnétique agissant sur l'arc.
  9. Contacteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, comprenant, en outre, des plaques polaires pour maximiser le champ magnétique du troisième aimant permanent (6) au niveau d'une partie centrale du pont de contact (3).
  10. Contacteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel le troisième aimant permanent (6) comprend une paire de deux aimants permanents (6, 6a) qui sont polarisés dans un sens opposé à celui du premier et du second aimant permanent (4, 5) et sont disposés au niveau de deux côtés opposés du pont de contact (3).
EP08021662.5A 2008-12-12 2008-12-12 Contacteur avec aimants à soufflage Active EP2197009B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08021662.5A EP2197009B1 (fr) 2008-12-12 2008-12-12 Contacteur avec aimants à soufflage
ES08021662T ES2442872T3 (es) 2008-12-12 2008-12-12 Puente de contactos con imanes de soplado
JP2011540033A JP5496221B2 (ja) 2008-12-12 2009-12-04 磁気吹き消し磁石を備えたコンタクトブリッジ
PCT/EP2009/066459 WO2010066651A1 (fr) 2008-12-12 2009-12-04 Pont de contact à aimants de soufflage
CN200980149739.6A CN102246250B (zh) 2008-12-12 2009-12-04 具有灭弧磁体的触头桥
US13/139,208 US8946580B2 (en) 2008-12-12 2009-12-04 Contact bridge with blow magnets

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08021662.5A EP2197009B1 (fr) 2008-12-12 2008-12-12 Contacteur avec aimants à soufflage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2197009A1 EP2197009A1 (fr) 2010-06-16
EP2197009B1 true EP2197009B1 (fr) 2013-11-20

Family

ID=40398989

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08021662.5A Active EP2197009B1 (fr) 2008-12-12 2008-12-12 Contacteur avec aimants à soufflage

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8946580B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2197009B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5496221B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102246250B (fr)
ES (1) ES2442872T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010066651A1 (fr)

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JP5710984B2 (ja) * 2011-01-12 2015-04-30 富士電機株式会社 電磁接触器
CN102592865B (zh) * 2011-01-13 2015-11-25 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 用于汽车锂离子电池系统的线性高压接触器的对偶双极磁场
JP5838920B2 (ja) * 2011-07-18 2016-01-06 アンデン株式会社 継電器
KR101216824B1 (ko) * 2011-12-30 2012-12-28 엘에스산전 주식회사 직류 릴레이
GB201200332D0 (en) * 2012-01-09 2012-02-22 Dialight Europ Ltd Improvements in switching contactors
JP6066598B2 (ja) * 2012-07-04 2017-01-25 富士通コンポーネント株式会社 電磁継電器
CN103094733B (zh) * 2013-02-04 2016-08-03 四川华丰企业集团有限公司 采用磁吹灭弧的高压电连接器
CN103515153B (zh) * 2013-08-07 2016-12-28 浙江宏舟新能源科技有限公司 一种可靠灭弧的无极性高压直流接触器灭弧系统
CN104091726B (zh) * 2014-07-04 2017-02-15 厦门宏发电力电器有限公司 一种直流继电器
US9373468B2 (en) * 2014-09-16 2016-06-21 Tyco Electronics Corporation Arc control for contactor assembly
KR200486468Y1 (ko) 2014-09-29 2018-07-05 엘에스산전 주식회사 직류 릴레이
CN104882336B (zh) * 2015-03-31 2017-04-05 厦门宏发电力电器有限公司 一种抵抗/匹配电动斥力的灭弧磁路及其直流继电器
CN104882335B (zh) * 2015-03-31 2017-07-28 厦门宏发电力电器有限公司 一种磁钢错位分布的灭弧磁路及其直流继电器
CN104952655B (zh) * 2015-06-27 2018-01-02 贵州振华群英电器有限公司（国营第八九一厂） 一种高压直流接触器无极性灭弧系统
CN105374632B (zh) * 2015-12-04 2018-05-22 苏州安来强电子科技有限公司 无极性直流接触器灭弧机构
DE102018208119A1 (de) * 2018-05-23 2019-11-28 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Trennvorrichtung zur Gleichstromunterbrechung eines Strompfades sowie Schutzschalter
KR102324517B1 (ko) * 2019-07-11 2021-11-10 엘에스일렉트릭 (주) 아크 경로 형성부 및 이를 포함하는 직류 릴레이
KR20210025963A (ko) * 2019-08-28 2021-03-10 엘에스일렉트릭(주) 아크 경로 형성부 및 이를 포함하는 직류 릴레이
KR20210025960A (ko) * 2019-08-28 2021-03-10 엘에스일렉트릭(주) 아크 경로 형성부 및 이를 포함하는 직류 릴레이
KR20210025959A (ko) * 2019-08-28 2021-03-10 엘에스일렉트릭(주) 아크 경로 형성부 및 이를 포함하는 직류 릴레이
KR20210025961A (ko) * 2019-08-28 2021-03-10 엘에스일렉트릭(주) 아크 경로 형성부 및 이를 포함하는 직류 릴레이
KR20210025964A (ko) * 2019-08-28 2021-03-10 엘에스일렉트릭(주) 아크 경로 형성부 및 이를 포함하는 직류 릴레이
KR20210025962A (ko) * 2019-08-28 2021-03-10 엘에스일렉트릭(주) 아크 경로 형성부 및 이를 포함하는 직류 릴레이
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2442872T3 (es) 2014-02-14
WO2010066651A1 (fr) 2010-06-17
CN102246250A (zh) 2011-11-16
JP2012511798A (ja) 2012-05-24
US20110240603A1 (en) 2011-10-06
EP2197009A1 (fr) 2010-06-16
JP5496221B2 (ja) 2014-05-21
CN102246250B (zh) 2015-11-25
US8946580B2 (en) 2015-02-03

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