EP2186916B1 - Procédé et installation de cémentation continue - Google Patents

Procédé et installation de cémentation continue Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2186916B1
EP2186916B1 EP08169293.1A EP08169293A EP2186916B1 EP 2186916 B1 EP2186916 B1 EP 2186916B1 EP 08169293 A EP08169293 A EP 08169293A EP 2186916 B1 EP2186916 B1 EP 2186916B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
quenching
loading
case hardening
continuous case
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08169293.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2186916A1 (fr
Inventor
Horst Barth
Wolfgang Schalberger
Karl Nolte
Friedhelm Kühn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LOI Thermprocess GmbH
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LOI Thermprocess GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LOI Thermprocess GmbH filed Critical LOI Thermprocess GmbH
Priority to ES08169293T priority Critical patent/ES2434954T3/es
Priority to PL08169293T priority patent/PL2186916T3/pl
Priority to EP08169293.1A priority patent/EP2186916B1/fr
Priority to SI200831082T priority patent/SI2186916T1/sl
Priority to PCT/EP2009/065254 priority patent/WO2010055163A1/fr
Publication of EP2186916A1 publication Critical patent/EP2186916A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2186916B1 publication Critical patent/EP2186916B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0037—Rotary furnaces with vertical axis; Furnaces with rotating floor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
    • C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C21D9/0018—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces for charging, discharging or manipulation of charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/16—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0024—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge of metallic workpieces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for heat treating workpieces, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for continuous case hardening of workpieces.
  • a method and a system of the type mentioned are, for example, from WO 86/02104 A known.
  • workpieces are heated to a certain temperature in a separate preheat oven, then placed in a heat treatment furnace, with each work piece in the heat treatment furnace separately monitored and eventually removed from the oven, regardless of the treatment time in the heat treatment furnace.
  • the plant as such comprises a preheating furnace and a ring furnace with a rotary support for the workpieces, the outlet opening of the preheating furnace being in direct contact with the feed opening of the ring furnace.
  • a rotary hearth furnace for heat treatment of workpieces known.
  • This comprises a rotary hearth, which is separated by means of closable doors in a heating zone and at least one treatment zone, and a closable door opening for loading and unloading of workpieces in the outer wall adjacent to the heating zone.
  • the rotary hearth furnace further comprises a second closable opening for loading and unloading in the outer wall, which is adjacent to the heating zone and spaced from the first opening, wherein the rotary hearth of the furnace is rotatable in both directions.
  • the state of the art is the batchwise heat treatment of these wind power gears.
  • the gears are brought to austenitizing temperature in shaft or chamber furnaces and kept for a corresponding time at austenitizing temperature and thereby subjected to a carburizing process. It is the Randkohlenstoffgehalt brought to about 0.8%.
  • the workpiece is removed from the oven, predominantly manually with discharge devices, and placed under atmospheric conditions, ie in the air, in an open quench bath.
  • a quenching agent for example, oils or polymer solutions are used.
  • the temperatures of the quenching agent are between 60 ° C and 150 ° C.
  • the parts are removed manually with, for example, a crane and fed to a washing bath.
  • the temperatures during the washing process are between about 60 ° C and 80 ° C.
  • the parts again mostly manually, are fed to a tempering process.
  • This manual procedure repeatedly results in different transport and storage times between the individual treatment steps, which cause a different starting structure in the workpieces with different contents of retained austenite before the tempering process. If stored too long, the retained austenite is stabilized and remains at this high level before the tempering furnace.
  • a workpiece is first activated in a pre-oxidation at a temperature between 400 ° C and 500 ° C. At the same time as the activation of the workpiece, cutting oil and detergent residues present on the workpiece surface are possibly burned off.
  • the workpiece After leaving the pre-oxidation furnace, the workpiece is introduced with a first loading / unloading manipulator via a closable loading / unloading in a rotary hearth furnace and heated to a predetermined carburizing temperature. Subsequently, the workpiece is carburized until reaching a predetermined carburizing depth (CD) and at a hardened predetermined hardening temperature.
  • CD carburizing depth
  • the choice of the carburizing agent, the carburization depth and the hardening temperature are each adapted to the workpiece to be machined.
  • the workpiece is removed from the rotary hearth furnace with the first loading / unloading manipulator via the loading / unloading opening and deposited on a lifting device of a quenching device, the lifting device being associated with the loading / unloading opening of the rotary hearth furnace.
  • the workpiece is then lowered with the lifting device into a quenching medium and quenched to a core temperature between 60 ° C and 150 ° C to reach a given depth of hardening (CHD) and to reach a predetermined hardness, wherein, for example, toothed edges as workpieces at a depth of 5 CHD times a given hardness in the tooth base is to be achieved by quenching.
  • CHD hardening
  • the above-mentioned core temperature between 60 ° C and 150 ° C causes no excessive stresses and thus distortions during the austenite to martensite crystal lattice reversal typical of quenching.
  • the workpiece is lifted from the quench media and fed to a post-treatment with a load / unload manipulator, wherein post-processing the workpiece to prepare for starting the workpiece includes washing, cooling, and drying.
  • post-processing the workpiece to prepare for starting the workpiece includes washing, cooling, and drying.
  • the workpiece has a core temperature between 25 ° C and 35 ° C, wherein a core temperature in this area ensures that heat flow from the core of the workpiece to the edge structure is avoided or at least severely restricted and thus the microstructure setting for the edge structure is not Negatively influenced (when using gears as workpieces, for example, a negative effect on the microstructure setting of the edge structure is avoided, especially in the tooth base and in a depth of the tooth base of 5 times CHD).
  • the workpiece may be fed to the post-treatment with the first loading / unloading manipulator, but it is preferred that the feeding for aftertreatment with a second Loading / unloading manipulator is performed, since it can be avoided that the first manipulator is contaminated with quenching medium.
  • the individual steps of the aftertreatment are preferably carried out in separate zones of an aftertreatment device.
  • the workpieces are preferably moved between the individual zones with the second loading / unloading manipulator, but it is also possible for a third loading / unloading manipulator to be used for moving the workpieces between the individual zones of the after-treatment device.
  • the workpiece Following the post-treatment of the workpiece, it is annealed at a temperature between 160 ° C and 180 ° C to further complete the folding of the austenite-martensite crystal lattice.
  • workpiece encompasses both a large workpiece which passes through the individual method steps “as such” as well as a plurality of workpieces which are arranged on a grate and pass through the method steps.
  • At least one fully automatic loading / unloading manipulator allows a continuous process, since all loading and unloading, for example, from the pre-oxidation in the rotary hearth furnace and from this to the first lifting device of the quenching device, do not have to be performed manually and so fluctuating storage and transport times are avoided.
  • the cycle rate of automated continuous processes is always determined by the slowest process step. Quenching is a relatively time-consuming process, especially in the case of particularly heavy workpieces, since the workpieces must be quenched to a certain temperature in order to achieve a sufficient transformation of the edge austenite. Since the quenching device is associated with the rotary hearth furnace, i. the rotary hearth furnace is loading and unloading in the radial direction via the quenching device, the rotary hearth furnace is blocked when a workpiece is quenched, whereby quenching slows down the process in the case of time-consuming workpieces and thus impairs the efficiency of the process.
  • the quenching of the workpiece is such that the workpiece is first quenched in a first chamber of the quenching device associated with the rotary hearth furnace with a first quenching medium for a predetermined period of time, the workpiece after the first quenching with a loading / unloading manipulator is deposited on a second lifting device in a second chamber of the quenching device, is lowered into a second quenching medium and quenched with the second quenching medium, wherein the core temperature of the workpiece after the Automatabschreckvorgang between 60 ° C and 150 ° C.
  • the method can be operated faster even with protracted work pieces, since the first chamber of the quenching device, which blocks the loading and unloading of the rotary hearth furnace during quenching, is occupied for a shorter period of time. Once the quenched workpiece is removed from the first chamber, the rotary hearth furnace can be re-unloaded and / or loaded.
  • a load / unload manipulator wherein either the first loading / unloading manipulator, which also serves to load the rotary hearth furnace, or a second loading / unloading manipulator can be used.
  • the second loading / Entlademanipulator is used, since it can be avoided that the first manipulator is contaminated with quenching medium.
  • either the same or different quench media may be used, thereby greatly increasing the flexibility of the process itself in terms of quenching.
  • the workpiece is deposited by the first lifting device in the first quenching medium on a turntable with a turntable, wherein the turntable, the workpiece is rotated at an adjustable speed in the quenching medium.
  • the first lifting device is lowered over the outer circumference of the turntable of the rotary device down. It is also preferred, especially for special workpieces such as gears, that special outdoor areas, such as the sprocket, be flown with a nozzle system.
  • the core temperature of the workpieces after post-treatment is 25 ° C to 35 ° C. It is also important to ensure that not one step slows down the whole procedure because of its duration. In the case of special large workpieces, however, it may happen that the time available for cooling, given by the remaining process steps, is insufficient to achieve the abovementioned core temperature of the workpieces.
  • the aftertreatment comprises a further cooling step in which the workpiece is further cooled so that it is ensured at the end of the aftertreatment that the workpieces reach the above-mentioned core temperature.
  • This second cooling step can be carried out either after drying or directly after the first cooling.
  • the second cooling step is carried out after drying, in particular, when it is desired to cool with a coolant other than the first step and to prevent contamination of the second coolant by the first one.
  • the second cooling step is carried out after drying, and yet must be cooled with a water-containing cooling liquid due to the workpiece, it should be ensured that the workpiece is tempered quickly to avoid oxidation on the workpiece surface.
  • the post-treatment steps are carried out for 20 minutes per millimeter (20 min / mm) of cure depth.
  • the workpiece is aligned cold immediately after cooling, in order to eliminate possibly occurring distortions of the workpiece.
  • the workpiece after tempering is at least partially subjected to a shot peening process.
  • an inventive plant for continuous case hardening of workpieces having a pre-oxidation furnace and a rotary hearth furnace with at least one loading / unloading and with a plurality of vertically movable doors via separate treatment zones.
  • the loading / unloading of the rotary hearth furnace is associated with a quenching device with at least one lifting device, and the quenching device is a After treatment device downstream of a washing zone, a cooling zone and a drying zone.
  • the plant further comprises a tempering furnace and at least one loading / unloading manipulator, with which the workpieces are introduced into the rotary hearth furnace and are removed after the heat treatment, and deposited on the lifting device of the quenching device.
  • the loading / unloading manipulator also serves to remove the workpiece from the quenching device and supply it to the aftertreatment device.
  • the loading / unloading manipulator can also be used to move the workpieces between the individual devices.
  • the aftertreatment device can also be designed such that the workpieces are transported on transport rollers or with conveyor chains from one zone to the next.
  • the system has a second loading / unloading manipulator, wherein it is preferably provided that the first loading / unloading manipulator is used only for loading and unloading the rotary hearth furnace and the second loading / unloading manipulator removes the workpiece from the quenching device and supplies it to the aftertreatment device.
  • the use of at least two loading / unloading manipulators also has the advantage that the first loading / unloading manipulator is not contaminated with quenching medium and that the cycle times of the equipment can be reduced since the loading, unloading and feeding operations described above are reduced to two Manipulators can be split.
  • a preferred embodiment of the plant comprises a quenching device with two quenching chambers, each of these quenching chambers comprising a lifting device.
  • the two lifting devices are separated from each other vertically movable.
  • the first quenching chamber of the quenching device is associated with the rotary hearth furnace, i. arranged directly before the loading / unloading of the rotary hearth furnace that a loading / unloading manipulator for unloading the rotary hearth furnace and settling of the workpiece on the first lifting device must be moved only in the radial direction.
  • the quenching process is critical because it may possibly be rate-determining for the process.
  • the quenching device or a chamber of the quenching device comprises a rotating device with a turntable, wherein the turntable of the rotating device is designed such that the lifting device over the outer circumference of the turntable after can be lowered down, and in this way the workpiece can be placed on the turntable.
  • the quenching device or one or both of the chambers of the quenching device can or can be equipped with nozzle systems in order to allow a targeted flow against certain areas of the workpiece.
  • the quenching device or the first chamber of the quenching device is associated with a gas-tight inlet / outlet lock with a plurality of gastight-sealable doors.
  • the number and arrangement of the gas-tight-lockable doors depends on how the workpieces are introduced into the rotary hearth furnace, if necessary moved between the individual chambers of the quenching device, and taken from the quenching device.
  • the aftertreatment device comprises a further cooling zone, which cooling zone may be upstream or downstream of the drying zone .
  • cooling zone may be upstream or downstream of the drying zone .
  • the same coolant, or different coolant can be used, it must be ensured when using water as a coolant and the arrangement of the cooling zone behind the drying zone (based on the process flow) that the workpiece is fed quickly to the tempering furnace ,
  • the system comprises a cold rectifying device connected downstream of the aftertreatment device for straightening the workpieces.
  • the system may comprise a ball-beam hardening device arranged downstream of the at least one tempering furnace.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of the embodiment of the system according to the invention.
  • the plant comprises a pre-oxidation furnace (1) in which workpieces (100) for activation a temperature between 400 ° C and 500 ° C are heated. If the workpieces have cutting oil or detergent residues, they are burned off in the pre-oxidation oven.
  • the heating of the workpieces in the pre-oxidation is preferably carried out by vertically arranged (not shown) gas burner.
  • Fans arranged in the furnace roof serve to circulate the atmosphere in the pre-oxidation furnace. Transport through the oven is either via powered transport rollers or conveyor chains. At the entrance and exit of the pre-oxidation furnace this is provided with lockable doors.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of the embodiment of the system according to the invention.
  • the plant comprises a pre-oxidation furnace (1) in which workpieces (100) for activation a temperature between 400 ° C and 500 ° C are heated. If the workpieces have cutting oil or detergent residues, they are burned off in the
  • the Verfahrwagen is perpendicular to the pre-oxidation furnace movable.
  • the plant according to the invention further comprises a rotary hearth furnace (50) with five vertically movable, possibly gas-tight doors (51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, 51e), the doors having a heating zone (52a), a first carburizing zone (52b), a second carburizing zone (52c), a hardening zone (52d) and a loading / unloading zone (52e).
  • the rotary hearth furnace is driven via a (not shown) controlled drive via gear and rack.
  • Absolute encoders (not shown) are distributed over the rotary hearth furnace to enable shutdown of one or more treatment zones.
  • the rotary hearth furnace is mounted on roller blocks, and the positionally accurate side guide is produced by centering rollers.
  • the rotary hearth furnace is sealed to the outside via an inner and outer oil cup and is heated by vertically arranged, gas-heated, full-ceramic Mantelstrahlrohre.
  • the rotary hearth furnace has in its outer wall (54) a preferably gas-tight sealable loading / unloading opening (53).
  • the loading / unloading opening is associated with a quenching device (40) such that a loading / unloading manipulator (10, 10 ', 20) ejects the workpiece by a radial movement the loading / unloading zone (52e) and can settle on a lifting device of the quenching device (40).
  • the quenching device (40) will now be described with reference to FIG. 2 described in more detail.
  • the quenching device (40) shown comprises two quenching chambers, each quenching chamber comprising an oil bath for quenching the workpieces and a lifting device with lifting plate (43a, 43b).
  • the first quenching chamber (shown in the drawing below) is associated with a gas-tight inlet / outlet lock (41) having a plurality of gas-tight lockable doors, the doors not being shown for reasons of clarity.
  • a rotating device with turntable (44) is arranged, wherein the turntable is moved by a drive (42).
  • a nozzle system is further arranged to allow the flow of certain areas of the workpieces, and the oil in the oil baths is circulated by axial nozzles.
  • other quenching means may be used, with the quenching means being adapted to the quenching media (s) used, the choice of quenching agent primarily depending on the size and nature of the workpiece.
  • the system according to the invention further comprises an aftertreatment device (60) having a washing zone (61), a first cooling zone (62), a second cooling zone (63) and a drying zone (64), wherein in the embodiment shown the respective zones are designed as separate devices (and hereinafter also so called).
  • an aftertreatment device 60
  • the workpiece is washed via a nozzle system with a washing liquid, wherein the choice of the washing liquid is primarily dependent on the or the quenching medium. It is customary to use water, if appropriate with additives, as washing liquid.
  • the washing process is carried out at temperatures between 40 ° C and 80 ° C.
  • the workpiece is moved into the first cooling device (62) and there with a first Cooling liquid, usually water, cooled, wherein it is preferred that the workpiece is lowered into the liquid.
  • a first Cooling liquid usually water, cooled
  • the workpiece is removed and supplied to either the second cooling device (63) or the drying device (64) depending on the core temperature of the workpiece.
  • the workpiece is fed to the second cooling device (63), otherwise the drying device (64).
  • the workpiece of the second cooling device is removed and the drying device (64) supplied and dried in this, for example with a fan and / or a fan.
  • the individual devices of the aftertreatment device (60) are virtually "connected in series", with the result that the treatment times are the same in all devices (ie also the first cooling time corresponds to the second cooling time).
  • the workpieces are removed from the drying device (64) and fed via a transverse carriage (70) to one of two tempering furnaces (81, 82), wherein the tempering furnaces in an alternative embodiment can be preceded by a cold rectifying device.
  • the tempering furnaces may further be followed by a shot peening apparatus in an alternative embodiment.
  • the illustrated embodiment further includes two loading / unloading manipulators (10, 20), wherein the first loading / unloading manipulator (10) is shown in two positions (10, 10 ').
  • the two loading / unloading manipulators (10, 20) are movable on a common guide system (30), so that it is ensured that in the event of failure of a loading / unloading manipulator, the other loading / unloading manipulator can take over the tasks of the failed loading / unloading manipulator.
  • the first loading / unloading manipulator (10) is for loading and unloading the rotary hearth furnace
  • the second loading / unloading manipulator (20) serves to move the workpiece from the first lifting device to the second lifting device is intended to move, and is also intended to supply the workpieces to the aftertreatment device and to move it between the individual devices of the aftertreatment device.
  • the loading / Entlademanipulatoren are designed as lifting / Senkmanipulatoren, ie they engage under the workpiece for lifting and are retracted for lowering in appropriate exceptions, wherein the workpiece is stored, for example in the rotary hearth furnace. After the workpiece has been deposited, the respective loading / unloading manipulator is removed via the recesses.
  • the workpiece (100) is first introduced into a pre-oxidation furnace (1) in which the workpiece is pre-oxidized at a temperature between 200 ° C and 500 ° C.
  • the workpiece may be, for example, large gears made of, for example, 18CrNiMo7 / 6 or 16MnCr5 steel. If the workpiece has cutting oil or detergent residues, they will be burned off.
  • the workpiece is extended to a movable lifting table and supplied from this to the first loading / unloading manipulator (10).
  • the loading / unloading manipulator engages under the workpiece, raises it and moves with the resting workpiece in the direction of quenching device (40) in front of the loading / unloading opening (53) of the rotary hearth furnace (50).
  • the first loading / unloading manipulator (10) is shown in two positions (10, 10 '), namely once the receiving position (10) and once in the position in which the workpiece is introduced into the rotary hearth furnace.
  • the loading / unloading manipulator together with the workpiece is introduced via (not shown) closable openings of the input / output lock (41) through the open loading / unloading opening (53) of the rotary hearth furnace in this and the workpiece deposited in the loading / unloading zone (52e).
  • all receiving or Absetzpositionen are designed in the system such that a loading / Entlademanipulator can engage under the workpieces.
  • the workpiece is first heated in the heating zone (52a) to a predetermined carburizing temperature, wherein the temperatures in the heating zone between 400 ° C and 960 ° C. After the workpiece reaches the required temperature, it is introduced into the first carburizing zone (52b) via the opened door (51a) and carburized with a predetermined gas, such as endogas or propane. At the in FIG. 1 In the embodiment shown, carburizing is subdivided into two sub-steps in order to increase the flexibility of carburizing itself. After the treatment of the workpiece in the first carburizing zone (52b), it is guided via the opened door (51b) into the second carburizing zone (52c). Carburizing itself takes place at temperatures between 900 ° C and 1000 ° C.
  • the workpiece is transferred via the open door (51c) to the hardening zone (52d) where the workpiece is set at a predetermined hardening temperature, which temperature is preferably in the range between 820 ° C and 860 ° C.
  • a predetermined hardening temperature which temperature is preferably in the range between 820 ° C and 860 ° C.
  • the workpiece now lingers for a predetermined quenching time in the first oil bath.
  • the oil is circulated through at least one (not shown) axial, wherein the speed of the pump is infinitely adjustable, and the edge regions of the workpiece are targeted by a nozzle system with oil flows.
  • the workpiece is rotated via the rotating device, wherein the speed is continuously adjustable between 1 to 10 revolutions per minute.
  • the workpiece with the lifting plate (43a) of the lifting device is lifted out of the oil bath and, if necessary, after a predetermined dripping time, the outer door for the second loading / Entlademanipulator is opened.
  • the workpiece is then gripped by the second loading / unloading manipulator (20) and removed via an opening (not shown) from the inlet / outlet lock of the first chamber of the quenching device (40), the open door, when removing the workpiece with a gas curtain is occupied.
  • the workpiece is then deposited by the loading / unloading manipulator (20) on the lifting plate (43b) of the second lifting device, and the workpiece is then deposited in the second oil bath, wherein in an alternative embodiment also a rotating device is arranged in the oil bath of the second quenching chamber can.
  • the workpiece is lifted out of the oil bath via the lifting plate (43b) of the second lifting device, the core temperature of the workpiece being between 60 ° C and 150 ° C after the total quenching operation.
  • the workpiece is then, preferably after a certain ⁇ labtropfzeit attacked by the second loading / unloading manipulator (20) and the after-treatment device (60), wherein the workpiece is first deposited in the washing device (61) of the aftertreatment device (60).
  • the workpiece is washed via a (not shown) nozzle system with washing liquid, which is preferably water with optionally an additive.
  • washing liquid has a temperature between 60 ° C and 90 ° C.
  • the workpiece After the workpiece has been washed, it is fed with the second loading / unloading manipulator to the first cooling device (62), in which the workpiece is immersed in a cooling liquid, preferably water, and cooled, the temperature of the cooling liquid being between 20 ° C and 40 ° C is.
  • a cooling liquid preferably water
  • the workpiece After the end of the first cooling time, the workpiece is removed from the first cooling device and the core temperature of the workpiece is determined. If this should not be in the range between 25 ° C and 35 ° C, the workpiece with the loading / unloading manipulator of the second cooling device (63) of the aftertreatment device (60) is supplied, in which the workpiece to a core temperature between 25 ° C and 35 ° C is cooled.
  • the workpiece with the second loading / unloading manipulator (20) of the drying device (63) is supplied, in which the workpiece is dried by fans and / or gas nozzles.
  • Such drying is necessary because the surface temperature of the workpiece has already been lowered by the previously performed cooling of the workpiece so that the washing liquid still adhering to the cooling process does not evaporate quickly enough and therefore, if cooled with water, can use oxidation of the workpiece surface ,
  • the workpiece After drying, the workpiece is fed to one of the two tempering furnaces, in which the workpieces are tempered at a temperature between 160 ° C and 180 ° C.
  • the workpiece may be subjected to a shot peening at least in some areas after tempering.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de cémentation en continu de pièces, comprenant les étapes consistant :
    a) activer la pièce (100) dans un four de pré-oxydation (1) à une température entre 400 °C et 500 °C,
    b) insérer la pièce dans un four à sole tournante (50) via une ouverture de chargement/déchargement refermable (53) du four à sole tournante avec un premier manipulateur de chargement/déchargement (10, 10'), chauffer la pièce à une température de carburation prédéterminée, soumettre la pièce à une carburation jusqu'à atteindre une profondeur de carburation (CD) prédéterminée et durcir la pièce à une température de durcissement prédéterminée,
    c) retirer la pièce avec le premier manipulateur de chargement/déchargement (10, 10') du four à sole tournante (50) via l'ouverture de chargement/- déchargement (53) et agencer la pièce sur un premier dispositif de levage d'un dispositif de trempe (40), dans lequel le dispositif de levage est affecté à l'ouverture de chargement/- déchargement du four à sole tournante,
    d) abaisser la pièce dans un milieu de trempe pénétrante et tremper la pièce à une température de noyau entre 60 °C et 150 °C pour atteindre une profondeur de trempe pénétrante (CHD) prédéterminée et pour atteindre une dureté prédéterminée,
    e) post-traiter la pièce pour la préparer à un revenu, dans lequel le post-traitement comprend un lavage, un refroidissement et un séchage, et dans lequel la pièce présente, après le post-traitement, une température de noyau comprise entre 25 °C et 35 °C, et
    f) soumettre la pièce à un revenu à une température comprise entre 160 °C et 180 °C.
  2. Procédé de cémentation en continu de pièces selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la trempe de la pièce selon l'étape d) se fait en sorte que la pièce soit d'abord trempée dans une première chambre du dispositif de trempe affectée au four à sole tournante avec un premier milieu de trempe pendant une période de temps prédéterminée, que la pièce, après la première trempe, soit déposée à l'aide d'un manipulateur de chargement/- déchargement (10, 10', 20) sur un premier dispositif de levage dans une seconde chambre du dispositif de trempe, soit abaissée dans un second milieu de trempe et soit trempée avec le second milieu de trempe, la température de noyau de la pièce atteignant après l'opération de trempe totale entre 60 °C et 150 °C.
  3. Procédé de cémentation en continu de pièces selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la pièce est déposée par le premier dispositif de levage dans le premier milieu de trempe sur un plateau rotatif (14) d'un dispositif rotatif, qui fait tourner la pièce à un nombre de tours réglable dans le milieu de trempe, le premier dispositif de levage étant abaissé pour déposer la pièce sur la périphérie externe du plateau rotatif du dispositif rotatif.
  4. Procédé de cémentation en continu de pièces selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, lors du post-traitement selon l'étape e), on effectue à nouveau un refroidissement.
  5. Procédé de cémentation en continu de pièces selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que chaque étape du post-traitement est réalisée pendant 20 minutes par millimètre de profondeur de trempe pénétrante.
  6. Procédé de cémentation en continu de pièces selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la pièce est dressée à froid directement après le refroidissement selon l'étape e).
  7. Procédé de cémentation en continu de pièces selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la pièce est soumise après le revenu selon l'étape f), au moins dans des zones partielles, à une consolidation par grenaillage.
  8. Installation de cémentation en continu de pièces, présentant :
    un four de pré-oxydation (1),
    un four à sole tournante (50) avec au moins une ouverture de chargement/déchargement (53) et avec plusieurs zones de traitement (52a, 52b, 52c, 52d, 52e) séparées via des portes (51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, 51e) mobiles verticalement,
    un dispositif de trempe (40) affecté à l'ouverture de chargement/déchargement (53) avec au moins un dispositif de levage,
    un dispositif de post-traitement (60) avec une zone de lavage, une zone de refroidissement et une zone de séchage,
    au moins un manipulateur de chargement/déchargement (10, 10', 20) et
    au moins un four de revenu (81, 82).
  9. Installation de cémentation en continu de pièces selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de trempe (40) présente deux chambres de trempe et deux dispositif de levage, les deux dispositifs de levage pouvant être déplacés verticalement séparément l'un de l'autre et la première chambre de trempe étant affectée au four à sole tournante.
  10. Installation de cémentation en continu de pièces selon la revendication 8 ou la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de trempe (40) ou une chambre du dispositif de trempe comprend un dispositif rotatif avec un plateau rotatif (44), le plateau rotatif du dispositif rotatif étant conformé de sorte que le dispositif de levage puisse être abaissé sur la périphérie externe du plateau rotatif.
  11. Installation de cémentation en continu de pièces selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisée en ce qu'il est affecté au dispositif de trempe (40) ou à la première chambre du dispositif de trempe un sas d'entrée/sortie (41) étanche aux gaz avec une pluralité de portes refermables de manière étanche aux gaz.
  12. Installation de cémentation en continu de pièces selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins l'une des portes refermables de manière étanche aux gaz présente un dispositif de production d'un rideau de fluide.
  13. Installation de cémentation en continu de pièces selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 12, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de post-traitement (60) comprend une autre zone de refroidissement.
  14. Installation de cémentation en continu de pièces selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 13, caractérisée en ce que l'installation comprend en outre un dispositif de refroidissement monté en aval du dispositif de post-traitement (60).
  15. Installation de cémentation en continu de pièces selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 14, caractérisée en ce que l'installation comprend en outre un dispositif de consolidation par grenaillage monté en aval d'au moins un four de revenu (81, 82).
EP08169293.1A 2008-11-17 2008-11-17 Procédé et installation de cémentation continue Not-in-force EP2186916B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES08169293T ES2434954T3 (es) 2008-11-17 2008-11-17 Procedimiento e instalación para la cementación continua
PL08169293T PL2186916T3 (pl) 2008-11-17 2008-11-17 Sposób i instalacja do ciągłego hartowania powierzchniowego
EP08169293.1A EP2186916B1 (fr) 2008-11-17 2008-11-17 Procédé et installation de cémentation continue
SI200831082T SI2186916T1 (sl) 2008-11-17 2008-11-17 Postopek in naprava za neprekinjeno kaljenje obdelovancev
PCT/EP2009/065254 WO2010055163A1 (fr) 2008-11-17 2009-11-16 Procédé et installation de cémentation continue

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08169293.1A EP2186916B1 (fr) 2008-11-17 2008-11-17 Procédé et installation de cémentation continue

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2186916A1 EP2186916A1 (fr) 2010-05-19
EP2186916B1 true EP2186916B1 (fr) 2013-10-02

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EP (1) EP2186916B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2434954T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2186916T3 (fr)
SI (1) SI2186916T1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010055163A1 (fr)

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CN102766749B (zh) * 2012-07-14 2014-01-01 安徽省宣城市乾坤回转支承有限公司 一种回转支承滚道淬火的工艺方法
CN109097538B (zh) * 2018-09-27 2023-05-09 深圳市和胜金属技术有限公司 一种金属表面处理设备
CN113564514B (zh) * 2021-08-11 2023-05-12 闽侯县捷恒热处理有限公司 一种导向系列的渗碳工艺及加工结构
CN115287422A (zh) * 2022-08-11 2022-11-04 董永 一种机械铸件加工用淬火装置及淬火方法

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SE450389B (sv) 1984-10-02 1987-06-22 Volvo Ab Metod och anleggning for vermebehandling av detaljer med varierande krav pa vermebehandlingstid
DE10310739A1 (de) 2002-03-27 2003-10-09 Loi Thermprocess Gmbh Anlage zum Wärmebehandeln von Werkstücken
DE102007048041A1 (de) * 2007-10-05 2009-04-09 Loi Thermprocess Gmbh Drehherdofen

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ES2434954T3 (es) 2013-12-18
SI2186916T1 (sl) 2014-02-28
EP2186916A1 (fr) 2010-05-19
WO2010055163A1 (fr) 2010-05-20
PL2186916T3 (pl) 2014-03-31

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