EP2186173B1 - Électrode de bougie d'allumage, fabriquée à partir d'un matériau d'électrode amélioré - Google Patents

Électrode de bougie d'allumage, fabriquée à partir d'un matériau d'électrode amélioré Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2186173B1
EP2186173B1 EP08774932A EP08774932A EP2186173B1 EP 2186173 B1 EP2186173 B1 EP 2186173B1 EP 08774932 A EP08774932 A EP 08774932A EP 08774932 A EP08774932 A EP 08774932A EP 2186173 B1 EP2186173 B1 EP 2186173B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark plug
electrode
electrode material
spark
nickel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08774932A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2186173A1 (fr
Inventor
Jochen Boehm
Jochen Rager
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2186173A1 publication Critical patent/EP2186173A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2186173B1 publication Critical patent/EP2186173B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/39—Selection of materials for electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spark plug electrode made of a nickel-base electrode material.
  • the spark plugs Due to the constant development of motor vehicle engines and their components for increasing the efficiency and engine power, the requirements for the materials of the engine components are becoming increasingly demanding.
  • the components that play a major role in the ignition of the fuel mixture, the spark plugs, and in particular the spark plug electrodes are exposed to high loads.
  • an ignition system controlled by the engine periodically generates a high voltage, which discharges in a flashover between the two electrodes of the spark plugs. The generated spark then ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture.
  • the spark plug is subject to a continuous load due to extremely high temperatures. So that the engine power in continuous operation does not decrease due to leaking, poorly ignited or hot-runned spark plugs, the materials for the production of spark plug electrodes for internal combustion engines, a permanent further development.
  • nickel alloys are usually used because nickel has both a high melting temperature, which is indispensable for the temperature resistance of the alloy, as well as a high resistance to corrosion.
  • materials made of pure precious metals or based on precious metals, such as platinum or platinum alloys with iridium in terms of wear resistance to spark erosive attacks increased resistance and thus very high life of the electrodes, however, make spark plug electrode materials made of platinum, in view of the enormous cost, for economic reasons no suitable alternative to commercially available nickel alloys.
  • the resistance of nickel alloys manifests itself in low erosion losses, ie the removal of material from the electrode, induced by the interaction of the arc with the electrode surface, and in a high oxidation and corrosion resistance.
  • the corrosion resistance can by metallic additives such as aluminum, manganese, chromium and be further increased. Addition of silicon to the nickel-base alloy further increases the high-temperature oxidation resistance.
  • a nickel-based alloy for use with spark plug electrodes for internal combustion engines which is composed essentially of nickel, silicon, manganese and aluminum, wherein the weight fraction of silicon is 0.1 to 1.5% by weight (wt Amount of manganese 0.1 to 0.65 wt .-% and the proportion of aluminum 3.1 to 5 wt .-% is.
  • Chromium may contain up to 2% by weight, or Y or a rare earth element of up to 0.5% by weight, as further constituents. According to the specifications of this document nickel alloys are obtained, which have due to their strength at elevated temperatures good oxidation and corrosion resistance and increased resistance to spark erosion.
  • the increased strength achieves an increased resistance to oxidation and corrosion, it causes a spalling of material on the surface of the electrode due to the extreme temperature load during sparkover between the middle and ground electrodes due to the reduced elasticity. Moreover, such a compact material is expensive and expensive to manufacture and more difficult to machine.
  • the spark plug electrode according to the invention with the features of the main claim is characterized by an extremely high temperature resistance compared to known electrode materials based on nickel alloys, a minimized spark erosive wear or electrode erosion and has a unique oxidation and corrosion resistance.
  • This provides a low cost electrode material for spark plug electrodes that allows for life previously only achieved for noble metal and precious metal alloy electrode materials.
  • This is inventively achieved in that the spark plug electrode is made of an electrode material containing nickel as the base material, and further contains 0.5 to 3 at.% (Atomic%) of silicon and at least 6 at.% Of aluminum.
  • the spark plug electrode according to the invention has an optimized with respect to the chemical and physical properties alloy.
  • the combination of nickel, silicon and aluminum in the specified amounts leads to the alloy being both simple and lossless to produce and, due to its homogeneity, having a permanently good application profile.
  • the extreme temperature resistance of the spark plug electrode according to the invention which manifests itself in an excellent spark erosion resistance and oxidation and corrosion resistance even in continuous operation of the spark plug.
  • spark plug electrode according to the invention has improved thermal conductivity compared with the known materials.
  • the spark erosive wear can be reduced even more clearly and an increase in the oxidation and corrosion resistance is made possible.
  • the sum of the advantages of the spark plug electrode according to the invention leads to particularly long replacement intervals of the spark plugs and to increased acceptance by the market due to the achievable long service life.
  • the invention relates to a spark plug electrode made of an electrode material containing nickel, 0.5 to 3 at.% Silicon and at least 6 at.% Aluminum.
  • an electrode material has advantages in terms of oxidation and corrosion resistance, as well as an excellent resistance to spark erosive wear.
  • spark erosive wear When igniting a spark between the center and the ground electrode of a spark plug, the material is worn by oxidation processes or by the melting or flaking of near-surface material areas on the two surfaces of the electrodes by the high temperatures in the arc. This is called spark erosive wear.
  • This delamination or blow-off of electrode material is counteracted in the prior art by admixtures of aluminum and silicon to the nickel-based alloy. It turns out that the maximum amount of silicon to be incorporated in a range of about 1.5 to 3 Wt .-% and the maximum amount of aluminum, which still allows just sufficient processing of the alloy material is 5 wt .-%.
  • the high content of aluminum as a whole means that its content is also increased at the surface of the electrode material.
  • the high content of aluminum atoms on the electrode surface uniformly distributed alumina areas that show excellent and compared to nickel oxide much greater resistance to spark erosion wear.
  • the nickel-based alloy Due to the high doping of the nickel-based alloy with aluminum, in the case of flaking of the aluminum oxide particles from the interior of the alloy, further aluminum can be replenished to the surface of the electrode material, which in turn forms a resistant oxide layer. Thus, the nickel base material is spared and subject to a significantly reduced degradation.
  • the silicon serves to improve high temperature corrosion and oxidation resistance.
  • Silicon is chemically nonmetallic and has a relatively high melting point. As a result, it stabilizes the alloy, especially at high temperatures. Due to its proximity to the semi-metals, it also shows semiconductor-like physical properties. These are essential for its good processibility in metallic alloys. In particular, this is important for the electrode material according to the invention, since thus also the relatively high proportion of up to about 3 at.% Silicon can be homogeneously incorporated into the alloy material. While it has hitherto been difficult to provide such high silicon contents in nickel-base alloys, this is achieved with the composition of the electrode material according to the invention, whereby the excellent temperature resistance is achieved.
  • the electrode material for spark plug electrodes according to the invention also has an improved thermal conductivity compared to conventional electrode materials. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that this is due to the extraordinary homogeneity of the composition of the electrode material. Due to the increased thermal conductivity, the maximum electrode temperature is lower, whereby the corrosive attack is less pronounced.
  • spark plugs can be produced, with which service lives are achieved in about the same range as those for noble metal material spark plugs. Whereas, however, the service life of conventional spark plugs is only about 60,000 km, the service lives of the spark plug electrodes according to the invention are a good half higher, ie more than 90,000 km. This creates a much better acceptance in the market and is beneficial for environmental as well as for business reasons.
  • spark erosion experiments were performed.
  • the electrode material was placed in a suitable holder between a light source and a receiving screen, and a shadow image was taken in the raw state. Subsequently, a spark was generated several times between the electrode surfaces. After reaching a predefined number of ignitions, another silhouette was finally taken. Both silhouettes became together compared. The spark erosive wear was recognizable by material removal. The quotient of the surface wear and the number of sparks thus provided a measure of the resistance of the tested electrode material to spark erosion.
  • the electrode material for the spark plug electrode contains about 0.5 to 2 at.% Silicon and about 6 to 30 at.% Aluminum in addition to the nickel base alloy. Just such a ratio has been shown to be particularly easy to process. Proportions of about 6 to 30 at.% Aluminum are sufficient for homogeneous aluminum distribution in the alloy material and promote the formation of finely divided dense but thin alumina areas on the surface of the electrode material, thereby providing excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance and minimized spark erosion wear Electrode is achieved.
  • the proportion of 0.5 to 2 at .-% silicon is particularly advantageous in terms of the homogeneous processability of the silicon on the one hand and also the excellent increase in the temperature resistance of the electrode material.
  • the proportion of aluminum is between about 7 and 10 at.%. It has been found that in a range above 10 at.% Aluminum in the alloy, the oxidation and corrosion resistance can no longer be increased to a proportional extent, as is the case, for example, below 15 at.%. For economical reasons, therefore, an electrode material according to the invention which contains aluminum in a range between approximately 7 and 10 at.% Is to be preferred. This amount is sufficient to provide on the surface of the nickel alloy a blanket thin layer of alumina for increasing the oxidation and corrosion resistance, as well as the spark erosion resistance, and further to refill aluminum from the interior of the electrode material to the surface of the electrode as needed. Below 7 at.% To at least 6 at.%, Sufficient alumina can still be formed, while still reduced amounts cause the wear of the electrode material to increase again since the aluminum oxide protective layer is not formed on the surface of the electrode.
  • the spark plug electrode may also contain in its alloy material reactive elements, individually or in any desired combination.
  • reactive elements elements of the periodic table of the elements are referred to, which can be found in particular under the subgroup elements of the fifth and sixth period as well as the lanthanides. These elements, referred to as reactive elements in the present invention, increase the already enhanced oxidation and corrosion resistance even further. It has been found that in particular the elements yttrium, hafnium, tantalum, cerium, lanthanum and zirconium are particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • the reactive elements can be alloyed both alone and in any combination of the nickel-based alloy.
  • the reactive elements are particularly preferably used if their amounts are within a range of less than 1 at.%. Higher quantities are not to be considered for reasons of cost, moreover, by increased amounts of reactive element also no further improvement of the oxidation and corrosion resistance is achieved.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment comprises a spark plug electrode made of an electrode material consisting essentially of nickel as the base material, 0.5 to 2 at.% Silicon, and 7 to 10 at.% Aluminum.
  • an electrode material according to these specifications an extremely balanced ratio of the individual components is present, so that the electrode material not only has maximum oxidation and corrosion resistance and erosion resistance, but also the thermal conductivity is optimized and further the material is simple and inexpensive to produce, without form deposits or inhomogeneities. This ensures a long-lasting very good performance of the electrode material and thus the spark plug electrodes.
  • a further preferred embodiment comprises a spark plug electrode made of an electrode material consisting essentially of nickel as a base material, 0.5 to 2 at.% Silicon and 7 to 10 at.% Aluminum and at least one reactive element, which is selected from the group consisting of yttrium and / or hafnium and / or cerium and / or zirconium and / or lanthanum and / or tantalum.
  • a spark plug electrode made of an electrode material consisting essentially of nickel as a base material, 0.5 to 2 at.% Silicon and 7 to 10 at.% Aluminum and at least one reactive element, which is selected from the group consisting of yttrium and / or hafnium and / or cerium and / or zirconium and / or lanthanum and / or tantalum.
  • the electrode material for spark plug electrodes according to the invention can be used for both Manufacture of the center, as well as the ground electrode as well as both electrodes simultaneously used.
  • spark plugs which comprise at least one spark plug electrode according to the invention and which thus have improved oxidation and corrosion resistance as well as spark erosion resistance and thermal conductivity.

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Electrode pour bougie d'allumage, réalisée en un matériau d'électrode qui contient :
    a) du nickel comme matériau de base,
    b) de 0,5 à 3 % atomiques de silicium et
    c) au moins 6 % atomiques d'aluminium.
  2. Electrode pour bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le matériau d'électrode contient
    a) de 0,5 à 2 % atomiques de silicium et
    b) de 6 à 30 % atomiques d'aluminium.
  3. Electrode pour bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le matériau d'électrode contient de 7 à 10 % atomiques d'aluminium.
  4. Electrode pour bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le matériau d'électrode contient comme autre composant de l'yttrium et/ou de l'hafnium et/ou du cérium et/ou du zirconium et/ou du lanthane et/ou du tantale.
  5. Electrode pour bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le matériau d'électrode contient moins de 2 % atomiques et de préférence moins de 1 % atomique d'yttrium et/ou de hafnium et/ou du cérium et/ou de zirconium et/ou de lanthane et/ou de tantale.
  6. Electrode pour bougie d'allumage réalisée en un matériau d'électrode constitué essentiellement
    a) de nickel comme matériau de base,
    b) de 0,5 à 2 % atomiques de silicium et
    c) de 7 à 10 % atomiques d'aluminium.
  7. Electrode pour bougie d'allumage réalisée en un matériau d'électrode constitué essentiellement
    a) de nickel comme matériau de base,
    b) de 0,5 à 2 % atomiques de silicium et
    c) de 7 à 10 % atomiques d'aluminium
    d) d'yttrium et/ou de hafnium et/ou de cérium et/ou de zirconium et/ou de lanthane et/ou de tantale.
  8. Electrode pour bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce qu'elle contient moins de 2 % atomiques et de préférence moins de 1 % atomique d'yttrium et/ou de hafnium et/ou du cérium et/ou de zirconium et/ou de lanthane et/ou de tantale.
  9. Electrode pour bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'électrode pour bougie d'allumage est une électrode centrale et/ou de masse.
  10. Bougie d'allumage comprenant une électrode de bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications précédentes.
EP08774932A 2007-08-29 2008-07-09 Électrode de bougie d'allumage, fabriquée à partir d'un matériau d'électrode amélioré Not-in-force EP2186173B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007040722A DE102007040722A1 (de) 2007-08-29 2007-08-29 Zündkerzenelektrode hergestellt aus verbessertem Elektrodenmaterial
PCT/EP2008/058927 WO2009027139A1 (fr) 2007-08-29 2008-07-09 Électrode de bougie d'allumage, fabriquée à partir d'un matériau d'électrode amélioré

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2186173A1 EP2186173A1 (fr) 2010-05-19
EP2186173B1 true EP2186173B1 (fr) 2010-12-08

Family

ID=39776387

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08774932A Not-in-force EP2186173B1 (fr) 2007-08-29 2008-07-09 Électrode de bougie d'allumage, fabriquée à partir d'un matériau d'électrode amélioré

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8502438B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2186173B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2010537055A (fr)
AT (1) ATE491249T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102007040722A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009027139A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015121862B4 (de) * 2015-12-15 2017-12-28 Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh Zündkerze

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63118039A (ja) * 1986-11-05 1988-05-23 Toshiba Corp 点火プラグ用電極材料
GB2221222B (en) 1988-07-25 1993-01-06 Mitsubishi Metal Corp An ni base alloy for spark plug electrodes of internal combustion engines
JP3625262B2 (ja) * 1999-03-19 2005-03-02 日立金属株式会社 高温耐酸化性および熱間加工性に優れた点火プラグ用電極材料
JP4172011B2 (ja) * 2001-12-21 2008-10-29 日立金属株式会社 耐酸化性、高温強度及び熱間加工性に優れたＮｉ基合金
DE10222262A1 (de) * 2002-05-18 2003-11-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Legierung
DE10224891A1 (de) * 2002-06-04 2003-12-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Legierung auf Nickelbasis
US7823556B2 (en) * 2006-06-19 2010-11-02 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Electrode for an ignition device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE502008002009D1 (de) 2011-01-20
JP2010537055A (ja) 2010-12-02
DE102007040722A1 (de) 2009-03-05
US20100194258A1 (en) 2010-08-05
ATE491249T1 (de) 2010-12-15
WO2009027139A1 (fr) 2009-03-05
EP2186173A1 (fr) 2010-05-19
US8502438B2 (en) 2013-08-06

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