EP2184402A1 - Aufbauten mit fester Schiene ohne Ballast, und Bauverfahren - Google Patents

Aufbauten mit fester Schiene ohne Ballast, und Bauverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2184402A1
EP2184402A1 EP09306071A EP09306071A EP2184402A1 EP 2184402 A1 EP2184402 A1 EP 2184402A1 EP 09306071 A EP09306071 A EP 09306071A EP 09306071 A EP09306071 A EP 09306071A EP 2184402 A1 EP2184402 A1 EP 2184402A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slab
track
face
foundation
foundation slab
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09306071A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2184402B1 (de
Inventor
Cyril Rameau
Julien Gellee
Christine Charles
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Transport SA
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Alstom Transport SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Transport SA filed Critical Alstom Transport SA
Publication of EP2184402A1 publication Critical patent/EP2184402A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2184402B1 publication Critical patent/EP2184402B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B1/00—Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
    • E01B1/002—Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B1/00—Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
    • E01B1/002—Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers
    • E01B1/007—Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers with interlocking means to withstand horizontal forces
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2/00—General structure of permanent way
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/28—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone
    • E01B3/38—Longitudinal sleepers; Longitudinal sleepers integral or combined with tie-rods; Combined longitudinal and transverse sleepers; Layers of concrete supporting both rails

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fixed trackless superstructure without ballast for paired railroad rails, used in particular for high speed traffic.
  • ballast and sleepers In order to overcome the use of ballast and sleepers to stabilize the location of a pair of railway rails forming a track, conventionally, the ballast and the sleepers are replaced by a slab of track in concrete of rectangular cross section disposed on a foundation slab also of concrete and of generally rectangular cross section.
  • the foundation slab consists of a relatively poor quality concrete in contact with the ground while the slab track is made of a concrete of better quality, and therefore of higher cost.
  • the road tile has on its underside a low adhesion allowing it to transmit only compressive stresses to the foundation slab thus avoiding to work the foundation slab consecutively to a lateral force transmitted by the train to the slab track, for example resulting from the centrifugal force to which the train is subjected in a turn or a shock having a lateral component generated by the train itself.
  • the key protrusion comprises a planar upper face contained in the lateral displacement plane and at least one lateral face perpendicular to the upper face, which allows to obtain a high efficiency of confinement of the lateral movement.
  • the technical problem is to overcome the use of a seal in a containment key, the key confinement remaining effective to prevent lateral movement between track and foundation slabs.
  • the subject of the invention is a fixed track superstructure without ballast for supporting running rails comprising, a concrete foundation slab in contact with a soil through a first, lower face extending in a longitudinal direction, a concrete track slab superimposed on the foundation slab, and able to transmit only compressive stresses through a second, lower, face to a third, upper face of the foundation slab, and the upper face of the foundation slab having a transverse corrugation oriented in amplitude in the direction of the thickness of the foundation slab and uniform in the length direction, and the lower face of the channel slab having a transverse corrugation of shape conjugated to the undulation of the foundation slab, characterized in that the surface of the corrugations in an area of height corresponding to at least one extremum of the corrugations is continuously differentiable.
  • a fixed track superstructure 2 comprises a concrete foundation slab 4 disposed on a floor surface 6, a track slab 8 superimposed on the foundation track 4, a pair of constant spacing rails 10 fixed on stool 12 receiving, regularly spaced in a longitudinal direction Z direction of travel of a trajectory.
  • the foundation slab 4 comprises a lower face 15, respectively an upper face 16, the closest or the furthest away.
  • the channel slab 8 comprises a lower face 17, respectively an upper face 18, proximal, respectively distal.
  • the lower face 15 has a high surface roughness which ensures good adhesion to the face 14 of the soil.
  • the lower face 17 of the channel slab 8 has a roughness much lower than the roughness of the upper face 16 of the foundation slab 4 so as to allow only the transmission of compressive stresses to the foundation slab 4.
  • the concrete of the slab of track 8 is of better quality than the concrete of the foundation slab 4 having a lower concentration of gravel and a higher cement concentration.
  • the ground 6, the foundation slab 4 and the slab of track 8 extended in length along the Z axis each have a respective cross section of X and Y axes uniform in the length direction of the superstructure 2.
  • the track slab 6 and the foundation slab 4 have a symmetry transverse to a median plane 19 of normal X axis.
  • the lower face 15 and the upper face 16 of the foundation slab 4 comprise a first, respectively a second corrugation 24, 26, the ground 6 on its face. in contact with the lower face 15 of the foundation slab 4 having a surface of shape conjugated to that of the lower face 15 of the foundation slab 4.
  • the undulations 24, 26 are extended longitudinally over the entire length of the track.
  • the corrugation of the projecting ground in the hollow formed by the corrugation 24 for receiving the foundation slab forms a key distributed over the entire length which prevents lateral movement of the foundation slab 4 with respect to the ground 6.
  • the upper corrugation 26 comprises a longitudinally extending region of peak 28 raised above two lateral faces 30, 32.
  • Each lateral face 30, 32 with a respective shoulder 34 turned vis-à-vis delimits a cradle 35 on either side of the ridge 28.
  • Each shoulder 34 is extended by a plate 36 and a falling face 38 which regularly connects on each longitudinal edge of the foundation slab 4 the upper face 16 to the lower face 15.
  • the upper face 18 of the slab 8 has a generally flat surface slightly inclined relative to the ground 6 on either side of the median plane of symmetry 19.
  • the lower face 17 of the channel slab 8 comprises a hollow-shaped corrugation 40 inverted with respect to the corrugation 26 and has a surface of shape conjugated to that of the upper face 16 of the foundation slab 4.
  • the inverted corrugation 40 seen along the Y axis directed towards the upper face 18 comprises a longitudinally extended zone of peak 42 in elevation with respect to two cradles 44, 46 located on either side and delimited opposite the peak 42 by a respective shoulder 48.
  • the two cradles 44, 46 are located below the rails 10.
  • Each shoulder 48 is extended by a plate 50 followed by a falling face 52 which regularly connects on each longitudinal edge of the channel tile 8 the upper face 18 to the lower face 17.
  • the upper corrugation 26 of the foundation slab 4 is arranged protruding in contact with the inverted corrugation 40 in the form of a hollow of the track slab 8, thus constituting a key for preventing and confining any lateral movement of the slabs of the slab. track 8 and foundation between them.
  • the shoulders 34 on either side of the median plane 19 constitute abutments allowing the conjugate surfaces of the track slab in these places to act as a second key which prevents lateral movement of the two slabs 4 and 8 between them. .
  • the slab of track 8 comprises a metal reinforcement 54 embedded in the concrete, made here in the form of a reinforcement with rectilinear concrete irons 56 extended longitudinally and hooked on and distributed along loops 58 arranged side by side according to the direction of the Z axis length and extended according to a transverse extension plane of X and Y axes.
  • Each loop 58 comprises a lower concrete iron section 60 located near the lower face 17 and an upper concrete iron section 62 located near the upper face 18 of the channel tile 8.
  • the lower concrete iron section 60 is shaped according to the transverse contour of the cross section of the lower face 17 of the track slab 8 and has a corrugation of identical shape to that of the inverted corrugation 40.
  • the upper concrete iron section 62 has a rectilinear shape parallel to the axis of lateral extension X and has on either side of the median plane 19 a pair of recesses 64 without interruption of the concrete iron line below the stool location zones 12.
  • the recesses 64 thus delimit a rectilinear section 66 of upper concrete iron located at a lower level than the rest of the iron section of superior concrete 62.
  • the rectilinear concrete irons 56 make it possible to compensate for the deformations of the channel slab 8 caused by X-axis bending forces, which efforts are generated in particular by the dimensional variations of the concrete as a function of the differences in temperatures at which the slab of track 8 is subjected and static forces of the weight of the train exerted at the level of the wheels.
  • the rectilinear concrete irons 56 also make it possible to compensate for the deformations of the channel slab 8 caused by Y axis deflection forces generated in particular by the quasi-static forces of the centrifugal force or the dynamic forces generated by the internal dynamics. to the train like the sudden accelerations called "jerks".
  • the loops 58 of concrete irons make it possible to compensate for the deformations of the channel slab 8 caused by Z-axis deflection forces generated in particular by the dimensional variations of the concrete as a function of the differences in the temperatures to which the slab of track 8 is subjected. .
  • the conformation of the loop 58 to the shape of the transverse contour of the channel slab makes effective the compensation of the deflection forces around the Z axis because it takes into account the geometric distribution of the constraints which depend on a profile. predetermined geometric distribution of the stresses applied at the upper face 18 of the slab 8 and the geometric shape of the slab itself, the shape of the corrugations included.
  • the recesses 64 of the upper concrete iron section 62 located below the saddles 12 facilitate the fixing of the saddles 12 by not interfering with the passage of the saddle fixing screws 12 to the slab 8, the fixing screws having a noticeable depth.
  • the respective shapes of the corrugations 26, 40 of the upper face 16 of the foundation 4 and of the lower face of the track slab are opposite to those of the configuration described in FIGS. figures 1 and 2 , so that the undulation 40 of the lower face 17 of the channel tile 8 is projecting relative to the corrugation 26 of the upper face 16 of the foundation slab.
  • a variant 102 of the superstructure 2 described in FIG. figure 1 identically comprises a pair of rolling rails 10 with constant spacing fixed on reception saddles 12 regularly spaced in the direction of the length Z.
  • the superstructure 102 has the same median plane 19 of transverse symmetry defined by the X axis normal.
  • the superstructure 102 comprises on the ground 6 a foundation slab 104 made of concrete, formed by a succession of sections of foundation slab 106 placed end to end in ends 108, and a slab of track 110 made of concrete, superimposed on the slab of concrete.
  • foundation 104 formed by a succession of sections of track slab 112 placed end to end at ends 114.
  • sections of track slab 112 and foundation slab sections 106 are of the same length.
  • the track slab sections 112 are arranged on the foundation slab sections 106 so that each longitudinal end 114 of a track slab section 112 is offset by a half-length of section relative to the two longitudinal ends 108 of the section of the foundation slab 106 on which is disposed the end 114 of the track slab section 112.
  • Each section 112 of the track slab 110 has an identical structure and comprises a lower face 134, respectively an upper face 136 of the track slab section 112.
  • Each section of track slab 112 has a transverse symmetry around a second median plane 137, longitudinal and a longitudinal symmetry around a third median plane, 138 transverse.
  • each section of track 112 has a relief 140 of recesses 142 and faces 144 in elevation relative to the recesses 142, each recess 142 and each raised face 144 being extended transversely along the axis X and arranged longitudinally side to rib alternately in a period equal to the longitudinal spacing of two consecutive saddles on which rests the same rail.
  • a pair of saddles 12 rests on each raised face 144.
  • the relief 140 takes into account the location of the static forces exerted on the track through the saddle 12 and corresponds to a minimum amount of concrete necessary to support the required efforts.
  • Each groove-shaped recess 142 and each elevated face 144 are inclined and curved about a ridge formed by the intersection of the first median plane of symmetry 19 and the relief 140.
  • the shape of the set of lower faces 134 of the track slab sections 112 placed end to end is identical to that of the lower face 26 of the track slab described in FIG. figure 1 on a median area delimited by the dashed lines of the figure 4 and comprises a central corrugation 146 identical to the central corrugation 40 of the first embodiment described in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the profile of the median transverse contour of the face 134 of the section of the track slab taken at the third median plane 138 is identical to the profile of the transverse contour of the lower face 26 over the entire length of the track slab and present on each side a shoulder identical to the shoulder 48.
  • the thickness along the Y axis of the two lateral edges taken at the same level of dimension of width along the X axis as that of the shoulder of the median transverse contour increases from the median plane 138 towards the end 114.
  • the shape of the lower face 134 at the longitudinal edges of the section 112 of slab lane 110 is substantially that of a cylinder portion in which a groove 150 has been cut thickness Y and width according to X decreasing as the distance to the third median plane 138 increases.
  • the lower face 134 comprises at the four corners 152 a running surface 154 about the Z axis which is the predominant axis of deflection of the section 112.
  • a running surface shape 154 around the Z axis only but in reality the running surface 154 is shaped to also roll about the X axis, the planes 137 and 19 coinciding when the slab sections of track are mounted on the foundation slab.
  • the running surface 154 is a zone with two curvatures in two perpendicular planes.
  • Each running surface 154 includes a contact zone 156 serving as a pivot point over a predetermined temperature range.
  • each section 106 of the foundation slab 104 has an identical structure and comprises a lower face 160, respectively an upper face 162 of the foundation slab section 106.
  • Each section of foundation slab 106 has a transverse symmetry about a fourth median plane 163, longitudinal and a longitudinal symmetry around a fifth median plane, 164 transverse.
  • the shape of the set of lower faces 160 of sections 106 of foundation slab 104 placed end to end is identical to the shape of the underside 15 of the foundation slab described in FIG. figure 1 .
  • each section of foundation slab 106 has a relief pattern 165 such that the lower face 134 of a section 112 of slab lane 110 is in conformity with the relief of two adjacent surfaces in the width direction, each surface being half lengthwise of the underside of a portion of a pair of foundation slab sections 106 disposed end-to-end.
  • the shape of the set of upper faces 162 of the sections of the foundation slab 106 placed end to end is identical to the upper face 16 of the foundation slab 4 described in FIG. figure 1 on a median zone corresponding to the median zone defined in dotted lines for the lower face 134 on the figure 4 and comprises a central corrugation 166 identical to the central corrugation 26 of the first embodiment of the figure 1 .
  • the profile of the median transverse contour of the upper face 162 of the section 106 of the foundation slab 104 at the fifth median plane 164 is identical to the profile of the transverse contour of the upper face 16 of the foundation slab 4 described in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the face 162 has on each longitudinal edge a bulge 168 of increasing width and thickness as a function of the distance from the transverse median plane 164.
  • the face 162 has on each longitudinal edge at the transverse median plane 164 a stop wall 170 for positioning the track slab sections 112 during their assembly.
  • Cutting track and foundation slabs in sections 106, 112 makes it possible to manufacture the slabs by molding single sections in a factory remote from the site where the superstructure 102 is assembled.
  • the longitudinal corrugations 24, 26 and 40 make it possible to distribute the thickness of the concrete in the width direction in a minimal manner and to save concrete in comparison with slabs of substantially parallelepiped shape.
  • the relief 140 of the channel tile 110 further improves the thickness distribution of the concrete in the width direction.
  • the running surfaces 154 and the contact zones 156 serving as a pivot point over a predetermined temperature range eliminate the shear stresses caused by the temperature deformation of the concrete of the sections 112 of the track slab.
  • each section of track slab 112 has at a first end a first relief and at a second end a second relief having a shape conjugate to that of the first relief so as to longitudinally butt each section of the slab of track ( 112) and to prevent any transverse displacement in the direction of the thickness or the width between the sections (112) of the slab of track.
  • a continuous slip-form construction method 200 of a stationary fixed-type superstructure 2 comprises a set of steps.
  • a concrete foundation slab 4 is poured by formwork sliding on the ground 6 by forming a first lower surface 15, adhering to the ground 6 and extended in a longitudinal direction Z.
  • the upper face 16 of the pouring foundation slab 4 comprises a transverse corrugation 26 of amplitude oriented in the direction of the thickness and extended in the longitudinal direction.
  • the surface of the undulation 26 in a zone height from the ridge is differentiable continuously that is to say without breaking slope.
  • a metal reinforcement formed of a lattice of preformed metal wires and shaped to the shape of the upper surface of the foundation slab is disposed on the upper surface of the foundation slab 4.
  • a concrete slab 8 is poured onto the foundation slab 4 by sliding formwork, the slab of channel 8 having a thickness depending on the position in the direction of the width X, and the slab of channel 8 being able to transmit only compression stresses by a second surface 17, lower than the upper face 16 of the foundation slab 4.
  • step 206 the metal reinforcement is embedded in the concrete of the slab 8.
  • the lower face 17 of the channel slab 8 comprises a transverse corrugation 40 of shape conjugated to the corrugation 26 of the foundation slab 4.
  • the surface of the corrugation 40 in a zone of height starting from the hollow is continuously differentiable.
  • a next step 208 the receiving saddles 12 of the various railway rails 10 are placed in position, inserted into the fresh concrete and then fixed on the track slab.
  • a grooving of the upper surface of the track slab is performed in the longitudinal direction by etching longitudinal trapping grooves of sound waves whose pitch is at less than one tenth of the width of the corrugation 26.
  • edges of the ideally imperfect grooves make it possible to break the sound waves and return them in directions different from their source, avoiding any reverberation or resonance with the body of the train.
  • a construction method 300 of a fixed type fixed track superstructure 102 comprises a set of steps.
  • a concrete foundation slab 104 is molded on a floor 6 in a succession of identical sections 106, the foundation slab 104 being disposed in contact with the ground 6 through a first face 160, lower adherent and extended in a longitudinal direction Z and each section 106 having a thickness depending on the position in width and length.
  • the upper surface of the foundation slab has a transverse amplitude corrugation oriented in the direction of thickness Y and extended in the longitudinal direction Z.
  • the surface of the corrugation in a zone of height starting from the crest of the corrugation is differentiable continuously.
  • a slab of concrete track 110 is poured by slippery shuttering on the foundation slab 104, the lower face of the track slab 110 being conjugated to the upper face of the foundation slab 104.
  • the slab of track 110 in concrete and in one piece is formed of a succession of sections 112 offset from the sections 106 of the foundation slab 104.
  • the lower surface 134 of the track slab comprises a transverse corrugation 146 of shape conjugated to the corrugation 166 of the foundation slab 104.
  • the surface of the corrugation in a zone of height starting from the hollow of the corrugation is differentiable continuously. .
  • a metal reinforcement (54) formed of a mesh of preformed metal wires shaped to the shape of the upper face (162) of the foundation slab (104) is deposited on the upper face of the the foundation slab (104).
  • a step 306 the foundation slab is sawn at the longitudinal ends of the sections 112, the sections 112 then being disconnected from each other and spaced apart by gaps.
EP20090306071 2008-11-10 2009-11-09 Aufbauten mit fester Schiene ohne Ballast, und Bauverfahren Active EP2184402B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0857616A FR2938273B1 (fr) 2008-11-10 2008-11-10 Superstructure de voie fixe sans ballast et procede de construction

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2184402A1 true EP2184402A1 (de) 2010-05-12
EP2184402B1 EP2184402B1 (de) 2013-04-17

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EP (1) EP2184402B1 (de)
KR (1) KR101742581B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2685438A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2938273B1 (de)
RU (1) RU2009141479A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102345253A (zh) * 2011-07-18 2012-02-08 广州瀚阳工程咨询有限公司 铁路抗震道床系统
CN107227659A (zh) * 2017-07-10 2017-10-03 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 一种装配式无砟轨道
CN108221510A (zh) * 2018-02-11 2018-06-29 北京交通大学 一种磁浮轨道梁
FR3094381A1 (fr) * 2019-03-28 2020-10-02 Systra Section de voie sans ballast pour véhicule ferroviaire
CN114778322A (zh) * 2022-06-24 2022-07-22 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 一种无砟轨道层间压力试验装置与试验方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102380908A (zh) * 2011-07-29 2012-03-21 中铁五局（集团）有限公司 无砟轨道板张拉防漏检方法
CN115816615B (zh) * 2022-10-27 2024-04-09 武汉理工大学 无砟轨道板的制作及安装方法

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1922055A1 (de) * 1969-04-30 1970-11-05 Lechler Bautenschutzchemie Kg Elastisches Schienenbett
DE2347636A1 (de) * 1973-09-21 1975-04-24 Thiele Heinrich Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von fahrbahnen
DE2817278A1 (de) * 1978-04-20 1979-10-25 Diether Uderstaedt Schalldaemmende schienenunterlage

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005026819B4 (de) * 2005-06-09 2010-09-09 Rail.One Gmbh Feste Fahrbahn für Schienenfahrzeuge
AU2007260579B2 (en) * 2006-06-13 2012-09-06 Newstyle Nominees Pty Ltd Rail track crossing

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1922055A1 (de) * 1969-04-30 1970-11-05 Lechler Bautenschutzchemie Kg Elastisches Schienenbett
DE2347636A1 (de) * 1973-09-21 1975-04-24 Thiele Heinrich Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von fahrbahnen
DE2817278A1 (de) * 1978-04-20 1979-10-25 Diether Uderstaedt Schalldaemmende schienenunterlage

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102345253A (zh) * 2011-07-18 2012-02-08 广州瀚阳工程咨询有限公司 铁路抗震道床系统
CN107227659A (zh) * 2017-07-10 2017-10-03 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 一种装配式无砟轨道
CN108221510A (zh) * 2018-02-11 2018-06-29 北京交通大学 一种磁浮轨道梁
FR3094381A1 (fr) * 2019-03-28 2020-10-02 Systra Section de voie sans ballast pour véhicule ferroviaire
WO2020193911A3 (fr) * 2019-03-28 2020-11-19 Systra Section de voie sans ballast pour véhicule ferroviaire
AU2020245115B2 (en) * 2019-03-28 2023-03-16 Systra France Ballastless track section for a rail vehicle
CN114778322A (zh) * 2022-06-24 2022-07-22 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 一种无砟轨道层间压力试验装置与试验方法

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Publication number Publication date
KR20100052428A (ko) 2010-05-19
KR101742581B1 (ko) 2017-06-15
FR2938273B1 (fr) 2010-12-24
RU2009141479A (ru) 2011-05-20
CA2685438A1 (fr) 2010-05-10
FR2938273A1 (fr) 2010-05-14
EP2184402B1 (de) 2013-04-17

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