EP2175166B1 - Locking device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a locking device for blocking the movement of an element in at least one of two directions of movement.

Such locking devices are known in the art and are used to block the movement of an arbitrary element itself, which is generally movable in two directions of movement, at least with respect to one of the directions of movement, possibly also with respect to both possible directions of movement.

Such elements may be, for example, doors, flaps, drawers or other access elements that provide access to something. For example, such doors, flaps, drawers or other access elements to close buildings or housing and grant access only after unlocking a direction of movement, in particular that direction of movement, which is used for opening.

A typical field of application is to recognize waste disposal systems, since the waste disposal is liable to pay, sometimes the billing of the costs is based on weight and insofar only those people should have access to a garbage disposal system, which are logged on such a waste management system and assume the costs.

For example, it is known that waste disposal systems of the known type can be closed with a lock and the persons authorized to access each have a key in order to be able to open the door or flap of a waste disposal system, such as a refuse container or a waste underground system.

Here are also known systems in which an electrical control of bolts takes place, which retract into retaining holes, so that a high energy must be expended for opening a flap or door of such a garbage disposal system, to open the movable element, first the bolt from the Retract retaining holes and then the movable element, such as a door or flap or drawer to open.

It is in addition to the high energy required to move the bolt is needed, as further adversely felt that such a locking device is also sensitive to high-acting forces, for example, in the attempt of violent opening of such a system, so that bolts of the aforementioned and known type due to such force effects damaged, in particular can be bent so that a known system for blocking the movement of an element of this kind is destroyed. It is therefore also customary to customize known locking devices of this type and to provide different designs for the different problem cases.

The document EP 0 957 046 A1 discloses a sluice gate for waste containers, which via an actuator and a locking device, the sluice is movable and lockable The document US 2008/0067227 A1 describes an electrically operated packing station in which a piezoelectric energy recovery device is coupled with a door movement.

The object of the invention is to further develop a locking device of the generic type mentioned above, that it is not susceptible, has a simple structural design and also has a minimum power consumption when using an electrical or electronic control, in particular a power consumption compared to the known electrical controls is significantly reduced.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

The particular advantage of the locking device according to the invention is compared to the known locking devices, for example, that in the present case no longer active moving bolts from holding holes must be done out, but that now only one actuator must be electronically or electrically controlled to move a pawl, which may have a very small mass, from a blocking piece in the rotational movement blocking, in a releasing position.

The masses to be moved are therefore significantly reduced compared to the prior art, so that the electric power consumption of an actuator for driving this at least one pawl can be significantly reduced compared to the drives known in the prior art. It has been found here that actuators can be used which are smaller than locking devices of the known type present in the prior art by a factor of 10 in terms of power consumption.

An inserted rotary locking mechanism can in this case have a locking piece which is co-rotated with the rotation of the toothed wheel, wherein at least one pawl bears against this locking piece in order to block the movement in one direction, in particular wherein the movement in the other direction can be permitted. It may in principle be a form-locking as well as a Reibgesperre, depending on which locking principle is based

Preferably, a Formgesperre is used, in which the locking piece may for example also be designed as a gear or as a disc with notches or the like, since form locking against the Reibgesperren have the advantage that a blockage in each case and independent of force takes place, whereas Reibgesperre optionally depending on the design may have the disadvantage that from a certain limit force, the blocking effect is overcome. Form locking are therefore preferred over the Reibgesperren in the present embodiment.

In one possible embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that the rotational locking has two pawls, each pawl is provided for one of the two directions of movement, so that the locking mechanism is locked with respect to both directions and a movable element in the locked situation neither in the one can be moved in the other direction of movement. There is then the possibility to lift one of the two pawls from the locking piece and bring it out of engagement by driving an actuator, so that one of the two rotational directions remains locked, a rotational movement of the gear in the other direction but is released, so thus the movable element can be moved in this released direction of movement.

For example, it may then be provided that a door, a flap, drawer or the like of the refuse disposal system can be opened. In a further consequence, it is then provided to lift the other pawl from the locking piece by means of the controllable actuator for closing the movable element, if necessary, while simultaneously reset the first lifted pawl, then the closing movement or movement in the opposite direction and thus in the other To allow rotation of the gear.

According to the invention is in the Drehgesperre to a freewheel-Drehgesperre. In one embodiment, with the freewheeling rotary locking mechanism, the movement of the element in freewheeling in a first of the two directions of movement always be movable and releasably locked in a second of the two directions of movement. Such a freewheeling rotary locking requires, for example, only one pawl, which can be transferred by means of said controllable actuator from the voltage applied to the locking piece position in a raised position.

The use of such a freewheel Drehgesperres here has the advantage that the movable element in one direction of movement is always movable, for example, a door, drawer or flap of a garbage disposal system can be basically closed, but can only be opened if previously an electrical control the actuator is made to lift the pawl of the locking piece of Drehgesperres.

There is thus the possibility that a person who wishes to move the movable element in the normally locked direction of movement must first effect the actuation of the actuator, for which purpose a corresponding control can be provided, which must be activated by the person.

Accordingly, such a controller may, for example, continuously wait for an input, such as the transmission of information authorizing the access. Such information may be input by a user, for example, by typing in the information on a keyboard, operating an electric lock by means of a key, or reading information from an RFID transponder or a chip or magnetic card. Of course, any options are given here to transmit access information to the controller.

Essential for the locking device according to the invention is that here a gear by means of an engagement element, in which engages the gear is moved. It may be provided in a preferred embodiment, that the engagement element on the movable member and the gear with the Drehgesperre, in particular the freewheel-Drehgesperre is arranged on a comparatively stationary frame. Of course, an arrangement in the reverse direction is possible. However, the preferred arrangement has the advantage that the gear-Drehgesperre and the electrically controllable actuator is fixed to the frame, such as the housing of a garbage disposal system, arranged and thus no flexible cable laying, etc. are required for energy supply. In contrast, the moving part is only the engagement element, which is moved with the movable element.

According to the invention, in particular in a column for feeding garbage to a garbage underground system, it is provided that the movable element by a pivotable about an axis of rotation door / flap and the stationary frame by a housing of a garbage disposal device is formed. The engagement element is formed chain or rack and in its extension at the Door / flap arranged and bent around the pivot axis of the pivoting door / flap. In this case, the engagement element has a constant radius about the axis of rotation, wherein the gear of the other part of the locking device is arranged on the frame or housing such that at least over a portion of the movement, the gear rests in the engagement element or meshes therein.

In another possible embodiment of the invention, it may also be provided that the movable element is formed by a sliding door and the fixed frame by a housing of the refuse disposal device. Again, the engagement member is formed as a chain or rack and linear in its extension, for example, parallel to the direction of displacement of the door and is thus moved with the displacement of the door and accordingly depending on the direction of displacement rotates the gear engaging therein.

In principle, it is also possible to realize deviating motion paths from the circular path or the linear extent by the engagement element is adapted in shape to the trajectory and the engagement element or the gear or the part of the locking device on which the gear is arranged with a Kraftbeaufschlagung, eg by a spring force to which each other element is moved, so that over the entire range of the movement trajectory, the engagement between the gear and the engagement element is maintained. In such a case, e.g. the part of the locking device with the gear only locally partially fixed to the frame and within this range against a spring force movable.

In a further preferred application, it can be provided that the controllable actuator is controlled by a controller which has a reading device, by means of which a control device can be actuated on an access element, e.g. Information stored in an RFID transponder or chip / magnetic card, in particular an access authorization, can be read.

Thus, a person who wishes, for example, access by the movable element, hold the access element to the reading device or in the vicinity or insert into it, so that by means of the reading device, the information from the access device is read and the controllable actuator is driven to to lift a pawl from the locking pieces of the locking mechanism.

It is also possible here to use other reading devices, such as keypads, on which a combination of numbers can be entered, to evaluate the information at the controller and, depending thereon, to control the actuator and thus grant access.

Likewise, classic key systems can be used with which an electrical contact is closed in order to control the actuator. In such a case, if necessary, a higher-level control can be dispensed with if there is an energization of the actuator by closing the key contact.

In a further embodiment, it may be provided that the range of movement of the movable element is limited. This can be given for example by an end stop or by the length of the engagement element in which rests the gear. In principle, therefore, there is also the possibility that the engagement element is only engaged over a partial area of the total maximum movement distance of the movable element with the gear wheel and in particular in an end region of the movement with the gear disengaged and correspondingly engages again in the reverse direction of movement until the movable element has again reached its initial position, in particular the closed position.

In a further preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the locking device comprises a sensor device by means of which the end of an opening movement is detectable. Such a sensor device may, for example, be arranged at the end of the engagement element or, for example, may be provided in the part of the blocking device which comprises the rotating gear.

There is thus the possibility according to the invention of detecting the end of an opening movement, for which various implementations can be provided.

For example, a direction of movement reversal of the gear can be determined, so as to note that has been returned from an opening movement in a closing movement. Likewise, an end stop, for example, when reaching the maximum opening width, can be detected or, for example, the standstill of this gear, for example when the movable element is stopped or even when the engagement member comes out of engagement with the gear. All these or other situations may be due to the use of the Sensor device generate a signal which is evaluated by a higher-level control to control the controllable actuator such that the pawl, which has originally released the movement in this direction, is applied to the locking piece again.

It may then take place due to the effect of Drehgesperres nor a return movement of the movable element, especially in a door, flap or the like in the closed position, but not a reopening, since in the direction of movement to open the pawl acts by blocking. There then exists the necessity that a person first authorizes a reopening process, but proves the access authorization, for example with one of the measures as mentioned above, in particular by reading in a corresponding access authorization as information. In this case, it may be provided that a reopening is only possible if the complete closing has previously taken place, which may optionally be scanned by another sensor device or else by the previously mentioned sensor device.

It may also be provided that the controller is set, after a predetermined time, in particular begins to run with a Aktorbetätigung to control the actuator to move the pawl in the blocking position, in particular to move back, if previously by the Actuator was moved to the unlocked position. Thus, the case can be intercepted that a person has demonstrated access to, for example, a garbage disposal system, but does not move the movable element. Thus, the released position of the pawl is retained only for the predetermined time, after which in turn the locking of the movable element takes place.

It is also possible, in the event that a person leaves the movable element in an open position, for example, that a further actuator is provided to reset after a predetermined time, the movable member to its original position. It may be provided in a possible embodiment, that the rotary shaft of the gear is provided with a drive, for example an electric motor, so that this drive can be used to by means of driving the gear, the engagement element and the associated movable element in the Return home position, especially a closed position. However, this presupposes that during the movement of the movable element, the engagement element and the gear are not disengaged, but remain in engagement over the entire range of movement of the movable element.

According to the invention, a device for generating energy is provided, for example, such that the blocking device comprises a dynamo or a functionally identical element, by means of which from the rotational movement of the gear electrical energy can be obtained.

This electrical energy is used to operate the at least one actuator and / or the controller. In principle, it is possible here to use the device for generating energy, also to effect a closing of the device. For example, an electric motor can be driven both from the outside to cause a movement of the gear, in the reverse direction by the movement of the gear by means of the engagement member, the electric motor is rotated by the movement of the movable member and from this movement, the energy can be obtained ,

Accordingly, in the case of the blocking device according to the invention, an energy store, in particular an accumulator, is preferably provided in order to store the electrical energy obtained from the closing and opening movement of the movable element and for later energy-consuming activities, such as supplying the control of the sensor or even a drive to provide for the closing movement.

In a structurally particularly designed locking device, it may be provided to form the freewheeling rotary locking mechanism by a commercially available reversible ratchet, as it is known as a tool. It may be provided in such a Umschaltknarre to remove one of the two commonly provided pawls, so as to realize a freewheel for one of the two possible directions of rotation in principle.

All of the previously mentioned preferred embodiments can be used alone as well as in combination with at least one of the other mentioned embodiments.

Figur 1

den Teil der erfindungsgemäßen Sperrvorrichtung, umfassend das angetriebene Zahnrad, Drehgesperre und Aktor

Figur 2

den Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Sperrvorrichtung an einem Müllentsorgungssystem

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the following figures. Show it:

FIG. 1

the part of the locking device according to the invention, comprising the driven gear, Drehgesperre and actuator

FIG. 2

the use of the locking device according to the invention on a Waste disposal system

The FIG. 1 shows an overview of a gear 1, which is connected to a Drehgesperre 2, for which the gear 1 is fixed in a manner not shown here on a rotary shaft, at the inner end in the housing of the Drehgesperres 2 a locking piece rotates with the rotation of the gear. Externally on the housing 2 of the rotary locking a switching element 3 can be seen, which is movable by means of an actuating element 4 by means of an electrical actuator 5 in at least two different positions. By the switching element 3, a pawl in the interior of the housing of the Drehgesperres be moved from a voltage applied to the locking piece position in a raised position. Accordingly, the actuator acts here indirectly on intermediary elements on the pawl.

Here, the actuator is held in a mounting frame 6, to which also the housing of the rotary locking mechanism 2 is attached. Here, it may be in a single copy to the Drehgesperre 2 to a commonly commercially available as a tool Umschaltknarre in which, for example, one of the internal pawls was removed to realize the freewheel in one direction. However, this is not absolutely necessary, it can also be provided to use both pawls and therefore cancel the blocking effect by actuating the actuator 5 for both directions of movement in each case controlled.

The internal structure of the Drehgesperres 2 is of a known type, i. that here is a locking piece rotatably connected to the gear 1, to which at least one pawl is applied. Locking piece and pawl can be moved relative to one of two possible directions of rotation against each other, in the reverse direction of rotation, the locking piece and the pawl preferably with each other in positive engagement or alternatively frictionally engaged and thus the movement is locked in this direction.

The FIG. 2 shows an overview of an aboveground part 7 of a garbage disposal system, here for example in the design of a background garbage disposal system, with a in the FIG. 2 merely illustrated above-ground part of such a disposal system. The housing of the garbage disposal system 7 in this case has a pivotable flap or store construction, in which a flap or drawer 8 is circularly pivotable about a pivot axis 9. In the upper part of this flap, drawer or revolving door, for example, a handle, not shown here be arranged, by means of which a person is basically able to cause a rotational movement 7 about the axis of rotation 9. It may also be possible here to allow the rotation to be motorized, for which purpose a drive can be used which is coupled, for example, to the gearwheel 1 of the blocking device.

It can be seen here that in a constant radius about the axis of rotation 9 is arranged on the pivoting door 8 and on a side plate of this a chain 10 or alternatively a rack 10 with a curved course around the axis of rotation 9 around, being fixed to a housing part the waste disposal device 7 of the gear 1 having part of the locking device is arranged, in the way that the gear 1 in the chain or the rack 10 via the movement of the flap or drawer 8 is engaged and rotated.

Accordingly, in order to obtain access to the garbage disposal system, a person must first prove the access authorization, for which purpose a corresponding control can not be provided here, at which the access authorization can be provided, for example. is entered in the form of information by the person. The controller is thus set up, preferably continuously or by prior triggering, to wait for the input of the information, wherein upon receipt of the corresponding information by the controller of the actuator of the locking device is driven to in this embodiment by means of the actuating element 4 and 3, the internal pawl lift the Drehgesperres from the locking piece and therefore give the gear in rotation free.

It can be opened so the flap or swing door 8 of the refuse disposal device to insert refuse, then subsequently the flap 8, in particular due to a perpetually given freewheel in the closing direction can be closed again. In particular, by a sensor device, which is not shown here, the pawl is returned by the actuator in response to a sensed signal in the applied position with respect to the locking piece, to then no longer allow a reopening. Accordingly, a user would first have to prove the access authorization before reopening.

Claims (9)

1. Locking device for locking the movement of an element (8), having the element (8), which can be moved in at least one two movement directions, and also comprising an engagement element (10) and a gearwheel (1), which engages in the engagement element, wherein the gearwheel (1) is coupled to a locking piece of a rotary freewheel-locking mechanism (2), by means of which the element (8) is locked against movement in at least one movement direction by means of at least one pawl, which butts against the locking piece, wherein the at least one pawl can be moved by means of an electrically activatable actuator (5) from a locking position into a position in which the locked movement direction is released, wherein the engagement element (10) is arranged on the moveable element (8) and the gearwheel (1) with the rotary freewheel-locking mechanism (2) is arranged on a framework (7), which is fixed in position in relation to the same, wherein the framework (7) corresponds to a housing of a refuse-disposal device, and wherein the moveable element (8) is a shutter which can be pivoted about a rotary pin (9), wherein the engagement element (10) is designed in the form of a chain or rack and is curved to extend around the rotary pin (9) of the pivotable shutter, or wherein the moveable element (8) is formed by a slideable door, wherein the engagement element (10) is designed in the form of a chain or rack and extends in linear fashion, wherein part of the locking device which has the gearwheel (1) is arranged in a fixed position on part of the framework (7) such that the gearwheel (1) engages in the chain or rack (10), and is rotated along, via the movement of the door or shutter, wherein the gearwheel (1) can be rotated in both directions of rotation by means of the engagement element (10) as a result of the element (8) moving, characterized in that it comprises an energy-recovery device, by means of which electrical energy can be recovered from the rotary movement of the gearwheel (1) for the purpose of operating the actuator (5) and/or a control means, and in that it comprises an electric motor for driving the gearwheel and forming the energy-recovering device.
2. Locking device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the rotary locking mechanism (2) is a rotary freewheel-locking mechanism (2), by means of which the movement of the element (8), during freewheeling action, is always maintained in a first of the two movement directions and is locked in a releasable manner in a second of the two movement directions.
3. Locking device according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the activatable actuator (5) is activated by the control means, which has a reading device by means of which an access-authorization item can be read, in particular can be read from an access element, in particular from an RFID transponder and/or a chip card and/or a magnetic card.
4. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the maximum extent of movement of the moveable element (8) is determined by the length of the engagement element (10).
5. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a sensor device, by means of which the ends of an opening movement can be detected and in particular which is arranged at the end of the engagement element (10).
6. Locking device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the end of an opening movement can be/is detected by a reversal in movement direction and/or by an end stop and/or by the gearwheel (1) being at a standstill, in particular when the gearwheel disengages from the engagement element (10), or by the movement distance being sensed.
7. Locking device according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the control means is set up to activate the actuator (5), in order to move the pawl into the locking position, on the basis of a signal coming from the sensor device.
8. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control means is set up to activate the actuator (5), in order to move the pawl into the locking position, once a predetermined period of time has elapsed.
9. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy-recovering device comprises a dynamo.

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