EP2173946B2 - Process for manufacturing a sheet material - Google Patents

Process for manufacturing a sheet material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2173946B2
EP2173946B2 EP08827310.7A EP08827310A EP2173946B2 EP 2173946 B2 EP2173946 B2 EP 2173946B2 EP 08827310 A EP08827310 A EP 08827310A EP 2173946 B2 EP2173946 B2 EP 2173946B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ply
anyone
thickness
zero thickness
transparent element
Prior art date
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Application number
EP08827310.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2173946B1 (en
EP2173946A2 (en
Inventor
Michel Camus
Pierre Doublet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oberthur Fiduciaire SAS
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Oberthur Fiduciaire SAS
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Application filed by Oberthur Fiduciaire SAS filed Critical Oberthur Fiduciaire SAS
Priority to PL08827310.7T priority Critical patent/PL2173946T5/en
Publication of EP2173946A2 publication Critical patent/EP2173946A2/en
Publication of EP2173946B1 publication Critical patent/EP2173946B1/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/30—Multi-ply
    • D21H27/32—Multi-ply with materials applied between the sheets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
    • Y10T428/24331—Composite web or sheet including nonapertured component

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a sheet material comprising at least one window, as well as to a security document obtained by said method.
  • Various security sheets are known in the state of the art, provided with through windows or not, making it possible in particular to observe a security element placed at the level of the window.
  • these windows are openings made in the security sheet and covered with a partially transparent security element such as a foil or a patch, which may contain a security element.
  • a banknote comprising a layer of paper within which is incorporated a security thread.
  • the paper layer has facing windows revealing the security thread.
  • Windows can be made using a laser capable of removing material from the paper layer while leaving the security thread intact.
  • the windows can, as a variant, be produced mechanically, by cutting or abrasion.
  • the sheets thus obtained have the drawback of having differences in thickness on their faces, in particular extra thicknesses at the level of the inserted strip, so that as long as the zones of reduced or no thickness are of large surface area, the sheet becomes industrially difficult to handle. Indeed, in order to to be able to store or transport the sheets, they are stacked in large quantities, so that the zones of reduced thickness are caused to overlap, which leads to an imbalance of the stack.
  • Requirement WO 2004/001130 describes a method for making a paper substrate consisting in bringing, in contact with a paper forming fabric, a security thread, the fabric having reliefs making it possible to produce windows on the substrate through which one edge of the thread. security is visible.
  • This method is not suitable for the incorporation into the paper substrate of a security thread having a relatively large width. Indeed, during the incorporation of a wide yarn, visible defects such as a lack of material can appear on the surface of the paper layer.
  • a security paper comprising a fibrous layer having a window covered by a foil, the window being produced by stamping the fibrous layer.
  • the dimensions and / or the shape of the window depend on the punching tool used, which requires changing the tool if it is desired to form windows of different sizes and / or shapes.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method making it possible to obtain a sheet material with a window comprising a security element, preferably quite wide, and in particular not exhibiting any appreciable extra thickness.
  • the subject of the invention is a method of manufacturing a sheet material according to claim 1.
  • a sheet material is thus obtained, the structure of which comprises, in the region of superposition of the elongated zone of zero thickness comprising an element at least partially transparent of the first ply and a recess of the second ply, a transparent window.
  • An advantage of the invention is that by inserting an elongated element at least partially transparent in the first ply during the formation of said ply, the attachment of said at least partially transparent element with the first ply is reinforced, and the risks of delamination of the ply. structure are greatly diminished.
  • the fact of inserting the at least partially transparent element and then assembling the two jets while they are still wet, makes it possible to limit the formation of excess thicknesses where fibrous zones of the first ply cover said element at the bottom. less partially transparent.
  • the structure thus obtained is dried according to the conventional methods of the paper industry, in particular between presses or heating rolls, which has the consequence of flattening any excess thicknesses and of make the sheet material almost flat.
  • the fact of inserting the at least partially transparent element during the formation of the fibrous jet and not after the manufacture of the sheet material makes the reproduction of said material particularly difficult, while reducing the manufacturing costs.
  • the fibers comprise cellulose fibers.
  • the at least partially transparent element of the first ply has a width greater than that of the elongated zone of zero thickness comprising it, so that, during the insertion of said at least partially transparent element within the first ply, two edges said at least partially transparent elongate member are inserted into the fibrous jet.
  • Each elongated zone of zero thickness of the first ply has a width of preferably between 5 and 50 mm, more preferably between 10 and 25 mm.
  • Each at least partially transparent element has a width preferably between 9 and 60 mm, more preferably between 14 and 35 mm.
  • the at least partially transparent element has a thickness of between 10 and 50 ⁇ m.
  • this element has the same thickness as the first ply so that the outer surface of the first ply is almost flat and does not have any appreciable extra thickness.
  • the first ply of the sheet has a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, and a continuous strip of the same thickness is placed in the zone of zero thickness of the first ply.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that, the sheet material being composed of several plies, the thickness of the first ply can be adapted to the thickness of the ply. transparent element thus making it possible to obtain an almost flat sheet, regardless of the choice of the thickness of the transparent element.
  • the at least partially transparent element comprises at least one securing means.
  • said at least partially transparent element comprises a device with variable optical effect, interference in particular iridescent and / or diffractive, with liquid crystals, a lens system, a hologram, a magnetic, metallic or crystalline coating, magnetic fibers, tracers detectable by magnetic resonance, tracers detectable by X fluorescence, biomarkers, varnish or ink, luminescent tracers, in particular fluorescent, photochromic, thermochromic, electroluminescent and / or piezochromic and / or tribometric compounds and / or which change color on contact with one or more predetermined products, or any other similar security means.
  • At least one means of securing the at least partially transparent element is located exactly opposite a recess of the second ply.
  • a security sheet is thus obtained comprising at least one security means observable at the level of a window.
  • the at least partially transparent element comprises several securing means, only some of which are located opposite recesses of the second ply, and others are not.
  • the at least partially transparent element comprises at least one securing means located opposite a recess of the second ply, and, at In terms of the second ply recess, the total thickness of the at least partially transparent element is close to the thickness of the sheet material.
  • the at least partially transparent element has a thickness of 20 ⁇ m with extra thicknesses of a thickness of 40 ⁇ m at the level of the recesses of the second ply, in which a securing means can be placed.
  • An advantage of the security sheet according to the invention is that its structure allows it to include devices which are of greater thickness than the foils generally used in transparent windows, such as chips or touch devices.
  • the foils usually used have a thickness of the order of 5 to 10 ⁇ m, while chips or touch devices can have thicknesses of 30 to 90 ⁇ m.
  • said at least partially transparent element can be, for example, a patch, or preferably a continuous strip.
  • patch is meant here a flat element having reduced dimensions, that is to say much smaller than those of the support on which it is affixed, in particular of square, round or oval shape.
  • said at least partially transparent element may be in the form of a patch having the shape of a square with a side of 1.5 cm.
  • the at least partially transparent elongate element of the first ply is a continuous strip and has the same length as the elongated zone of zero thickness comprising it.
  • the support of the at least partially transparent element is made of a synthetic material, for example a polyester film.
  • the elongated zone of zero thickness and said at least partially transparent element are rectangular in shape, have the same thickness and extend all along said first ply.
  • the at least partially transparent element is a continuous strip whose length corresponds to those of the elongated zone of zero thickness of the first ply and the width is 6 mm greater than that of the elongated zone of zero thickness, so that said elongated zone of zero thickness is fully compensated by said continuous strip.
  • a security sheet is advantageously obtained, the face corresponding to the first ply of which is flat.
  • the first ply comprises several elongated zones of zero thickness, parallel to each other and comprising elements at the less partially transparent, along the entire surface of the first ply so that said first ply is in the form of a succession of fibrous bands and at least partially transparent parallel bands.
  • the first ply further comprises at least one at least partial lack of material, located in at least one fibrous region.
  • the first ply further comprises at least one at least partial lack of material, located in at least one fibrous region.
  • the material shortages are partial, that is to say that, at the level of said shortages, the thickness of the first ply is reduced.
  • the thickness of the first ply is sufficiently reduced in terms of the material gaps, said gaps allow the second ply to be observed by transparency.
  • the material shortages are total, that is to say that, at the level of said shortages, the thickness of the first ply is zero.
  • the shortages of material make it possible to observe the second jet directly.
  • the voids can extend over the entire width of the fibrous region in which they are located.
  • the material shortages do not extend across the full width of the fibrous region in which they are located.
  • the gaps can be of different shapes, for example geometric such as circular, triangular, square, rectangular or the like.
  • the recess of the second ply has a width less than or equal to the width of the elongated zone of zero thickness of the first ply.
  • the width of each recess of the second ply is at least 5mm less than the width of the elongated zone of zero thickness of the corresponding first ply.
  • the first and / or the second ply of sheet material comprises at least one security element.
  • the security elements are placed in the thickest ply, preferably the second ply.
  • the first and / or the second ply contains a watermark or a security thread.
  • the fibrous regions of the first ply include gaps
  • the second ply it is particularly advantageous for the second ply to include security elements located opposite these gaps.
  • one of the jets can contain a wide security thread, that is to say the width of which is greater than 2 mm, in particular between 2 and 10 mm, of preferably equal to approximately 3 mm, the zone of incorporation of this wire being covered by the other jet which thus masks the defects that the wire has created.
  • the recesses of the second ply can be of different geometric shapes, for example circular, rectangular, square, ovoid, triangular, hexagonal or the like. It is also possible to envisage that the recesses have the form of alphanumeric characters, of symbols.
  • the second ply comprises several recesses arranged so as to form a code.
  • its total thickness may vary between 70 ⁇ m and 2 mm, preferably between 90 and 300 ⁇ m.
  • the first and second jets have equal thicknesses.
  • the first and the second jets have different thicknesses.
  • the second ply comprising the recesses has a thickness greater than 60 ⁇ m, in order to avoid weakening of the second ply due to the presence of recesses, this ply having to be relatively strong in order to support the first ply during the manufacture of the ply.
  • sheet material The first ply, consisting of continuous strips of paper, can be thinner.
  • the sheet material has a total thickness of 110 ⁇ m, the first ply being 25 ⁇ m thick and the second ply being 85 ⁇ m thick.
  • the second ply of sheet material comprises at least one multitone effect watermark located opposite the at least partially transparent element of an elongated zone of zero thickness of the first ply.
  • a multitone watermark is composed of light areas, that is to say areas of thickness less than the thickness of the rest of the sheet, arranged so as to constitute a halftone pattern.
  • Such screened watermarks have been described in the patent application EP 1122360 .
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageous because it makes it possible to increase the durability of a multitone effect watermark.
  • multitone effect watermarks are very difficult to reproduce security features.
  • their production requires locally reducing the thickness of the sheet of paper very significantly, which makes them sensitive to wear and creates the risk that the sheet of paper is punctured. This risk is all the more important since the documents comprising security sheets, such as banknotes, have to be handled very frequently.
  • said elongated zone of zero thickness of the first ply is produced by eliminating the filtration of the suspension on at least one area of the fabric of said first round shape or of said former.
  • the elimination of filtration on the first round shape or on the former is carried out by depositing masking zones on the perimeter of said first round shape or of said former.
  • these masking zones are produced by means of masks made of an adhesive film, of metal, of an adhesive or even of a varnish.
  • the fabric of said first round shape or of the former is further provided with parts preventing filtration of the suspension so as to form total gaps in the fibrous material of the first ply.
  • the fabric of said first round shape or form has embossments so as to form partial gaps in the fibrous material of the first ply.
  • said elongated zone of zero thickness of the first ply is produced by removing material by means of a projection of a jet of pressurized fluid, in particular a jet of water or water. air, on the first still wet jet, before its assembly with the second jet.
  • the recess of the second ply is produced by embossing in relief the fabric of the second round shape, which prevents the deposition of fibrous material at the embossments.
  • the recesses by fixing the second round shape on the canvas of parts preventing filtration, for example a piece of metal, in particular an electrotype (that is to say a metal plate, generally made of bronze. ), a piece of glue, or a piece of resin.
  • the shape of the part will thus give the shape of the recess. It is envisaged to use parts of different shapes to make recesses of different shapes.
  • the recesses can be made by removing material by spraying a jet of pressurized fluid, in particular a water jet, onto the second jet which is still wet, before it is assembled with the first jet.
  • a jet of pressurized fluid in particular a water jet
  • the first round shape or form it, and the second round shape are synchronized so that the at least one recess of the second ply comes opposite the elongated zone of zero thickness comprising an element at least partially transparent from the first draft.
  • the invention also relates to a security document obtained according to the method described above.
  • the invention relates to a means of payment such as a bank note or a check, an identity document such as an identity card, a driving license, a passport page or a visa, or a title such as a title deed or a diploma, or any other paper-based document requiring security, or a secure packaging or label.
  • the security document is such that said first ply comprises at least two security elements facing at least two recesses of the second ply, said two security elements being placed so as to overlap when the security document is folded, to form a security or additional information.
  • a first security element can be a lenticular array which will cover a second security element constituted by an invisible image, which will only be revealed when the two security elements are superimposed.
  • a first security element will be a polarized filter and a second security element will be liquid crystals, forming, for example, an image revealed by the filter.
  • the invention further relates to a sheet material according to claim 14.
  • the sheet material may include at least one of the characteristics defined above.
  • the figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the different steps of an embodiment of the manufacturing method according to the invention.
  • a first ply 2 having elongated zones of zero thickness 4 is made from an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibers, by means of a first round shape R1 on the fabric of which masks M. De are deposited. in this way, the fibrous suspension is deposited only in the regions without masks M.
  • a continuous strip of transparent plastic 10, not shown, is inserted into the first ply at the masks M, this strip continues being wider than masks.
  • a first wet jet 2 is thus obtained consisting of an alternation of elongated zones of zero thickness 4 in which transparent plastic bands appear and of zones of fibrous material.
  • the first ply 2 thus formed is brought to a second round shape R2 in order to be deposited on the second fibrous ply 5 being formed.
  • the second ply 5 is formed on the fabric of the second round shape, on which elements have been fixed preventing the filtration of the suspension.
  • the elements are placed at marked positions so that they form recesses 6 in correspondence with the positions of the elongated zones of zero thickness 4 of the first ply 2.
  • a second wet ply 5 is thus obtained consisting of fibrous material having recesses. 6.
  • the first ply 2 is deposited on the second ply 5.
  • a two-ply sheet is obtained which can then receive a surface treatment or impregnation, for example of reinforcement of the surface with PVA and / or resistance to soiling or even improvement of printability, in particular by means of a size press or an impregnator.
  • This sheet is then dried and wound up according to usual procedures.
  • the figure 2 is a diagram illustrating a detail of the step of an embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which the first fibrous ply 2 is formed on a round-forming machine R1.
  • a continuous strip of transparent plastic material 10 is brought into contact with the first fibrous ply in formation 2.
  • the continuous strip 10 is placed such that its center is located at the level of a mask M and its edges in contact with the fibers are depositing on areas devoid of the round shape R1.
  • the figure 3 is a diagram illustrating the first round shape R1 used in a method of manufacturing a sheet material 1 according to the invention, in the particular case where the first fibrous ply 2 of said sheet material 1 comprises elongated zones of zero thickness 4 and fibrous regions comprising total material shortages 8.
  • the canvas T of the first round shape R1 comprises rectangular masks made of an adhesive film M, deposited on so as to extend, at regular intervals, over the entire perimeter of the round shape R1.
  • the first round shape R1 further comprises rectangular pieces of metal P deposited on the fabric T, between two adjacent masks M. These parts P prevent the filtration of the fiber suspension, and therefore of any fibrous deposit, so that the fibrous regions 3 of the first ply 2 have total shortages of material 7.
  • the figure 4 and the figure 5 illustrate a sheet material obtained according to an embodiment of the method of the invention, the extra thicknesses at the level of the zones of zero thickness 4 being deliberately exaggerated.
  • the sheet material 1 consists of two plies of fibrous material.
  • the first ply of fibrous material 2 has an alternation of elongated areas of fibrous material 3 and elongated areas of zero thickness 4 in which bands 10 of transparent plastic material, for example a polyester, are arranged, the edges of said bands 10 being inserted into the elongated zones of fibrous material 3 of said first ply 2.
  • the second ply of fibrous material 5 has several rectangular recesses 6 located opposite an elongated zone of zero thickness 4 of the first ply 2.
  • the first and the second plies have different thicknesses, the first ply 2 having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m and the second ply having a thickness of 70 ⁇ m.
  • the second ply of fibrous material 5 has several circular recesses 6 located opposite an elongated zone of zero thickness 4 of the first ply 2.
  • the transparent strip 10 has the same thickness as the elongated zone of zero thickness 4 in which it is inserted, so that the face of the sheet is almost flat.
  • the figure 6 illustrates a sheet material obtained according to an embodiment in which the sheet material 1 comprises a first ply 2 and a second ply 5 of fibrous material.
  • the first ply of fibrous material 2 comprises elongated zones of zero thickness 4 in which are arranged strips of a transparent plastic material 10, zones of fibrous material 7 having gaps 8 of rectangular shape extending over the entire width of said areas of fibrous material, as well as fibrous regions 3 devoid of gaps.
  • the second ply 5 has several rectangular recesses 6 located opposite an elongated zone of zero thickness 4 of the first ply.
  • the figure 7 illustrates a banknote 11 obtained by a method according to the invention, which comprises a sheet material 9 shown in the figure 4 and 5 and a watermark 12 made in the second ply 5.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un matériau en feuille comprenant au moins une fenêtre, ainsi qu'un document de sécurité obtenu par ledit procédé.The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a sheet material comprising at least one window, as well as to a security document obtained by said method.

On connaît, dans l'état de la technique, différentes feuilles de sécurité pourvues de fenêtres traversantes ou non, permettant notamment d'observer un élément de sécurité placé au niveau de la fenêtre. Généralement ces fenêtres sont des ouvertures ménagées dans la feuille de sécurité et recouvertes d'un élément de sécurité partiellement transparent tel qu'un foil ou un patch, pouvant contenir un élément de sécurité.Various security sheets are known in the state of the art, provided with through windows or not, making it possible in particular to observe a security element placed at the level of the window. Generally, these windows are openings made in the security sheet and covered with a partially transparent security element such as a foil or a patch, which may contain a security element.

On connaît par le brevet GB 1 552 853 un billet de banque comprenant une couche de papier au sein de laquelle est incorporé un fil de sécurité. La couche de papier comporte des fenêtres en regard laissant apparaître le fil de sécurité. Les fenêtres peuvent être réalisées à l'aide d'un laser capable d'éliminer de la matière de la couche de papier tout en laissant le fil de sécurité intact. Les fenêtres peuvent, en variante, être réalisées de manière mécanique, par découpe ou abrasion.We know from the patent GB 1,552,853 a banknote comprising a layer of paper within which is incorporated a security thread. The paper layer has facing windows revealing the security thread. Windows can be made using a laser capable of removing material from the paper layer while leaving the security thread intact. The windows can, as a variant, be produced mechanically, by cutting or abrasion.

On connaît par la demande de brevet EP 229 645 un papier de sécurité comprenant deux jets de papier entre lesquels est interposé un fil de sécurité. Des trous sont réalisés sur l'un au moins des jets de papier à l'aide de reliefs sur la toile de formation de ce jet de papier.We know from the patent application EP 229 645 a security paper comprising two jets of paper between which is interposed a security thread. Holes are made on at least one of the paper streams using reliefs on the fabric forming this paper stream.

On connaît également par la demande de brevet EP 0 687 324 , un procédé de fabrication d'une feuille de papier bijet comportant au moins une région d'épaisseur réduite par rapport à l'épaisseur du reste de la feuille. On obtient ainsi une zone pratiquement transparente sans avoir à percer le papier dans cette zone.It is also known from the patent application EP 0 687 324 , a method of making a sheet of two-ply paper having at least one region of reduced thickness relative to the thickness of the remainder of the sheet. A practically transparent zone is thus obtained without having to pierce the paper in this zone.

On connaît aussi par la demande WO 95/09274 une feuille de papier de sécurité, constituée de deux couches comportant chacune une zone d'épaisseur nulle en regard l'une de l'autre et d'une bande de matière transparente enrobée dans la feuille de papier, de sorte que la bande de matière transparente est en regard des zones d'épaisseur nulle. On obtient ainsi une fenêtre transparente.We also know by demand WO 95/09274 a sheet of security paper, consisting of two layers each comprising a zone of zero thickness facing each other and a strip of transparent material embedded in the sheet of paper, so that the strip of material transparent is opposite zones of zero thickness. A transparent window is thus obtained.

Toutefois, les feuilles ainsi obtenues ont l'inconvénient de présenter sur leurs faces des différences d'épaisseur, en particulier des surépaisseurs au niveau de la bande insérée, si bien que pour peu que les zones d'épaisseur réduite ou nulle soient d'une surface importante, la feuille devient industriellement malaisée à manipuler. En effet, afin de pouvoir stocker ou transporter les feuilles, on les empile en grande quantité, de sorte que les zones d'épaisseur réduites sont amenées à se superposer, ce qui conduit à un déséquilibre de la pile.However, the sheets thus obtained have the drawback of having differences in thickness on their faces, in particular extra thicknesses at the level of the inserted strip, so that as long as the zones of reduced or no thickness are of large surface area, the sheet becomes industrially difficult to handle. Indeed, in order to to be able to store or transport the sheets, they are stacked in large quantities, so that the zones of reduced thickness are caused to overlap, which leads to an imbalance of the stack.

La demande WO 2004/001130 décrit un procédé pour réaliser un substrat en papier consistant à amener, au contact d'une toile de formation du papier, un fil de sécurité, la toile présentant des reliefs permettant de réaliser sur le substrat des fenêtres à travers lesquelles un bord du fil de sécurité est visible. Ce procédé n'est pas adapté à l'incorporation dans le substrat en papier d'un fil de sécurité ayant une largeur relativement importante. En effet, lors de l'incorporation d'un fil large, des défauts visibles tels qu'un manque de matière peuvent apparaître à la surface de la couche de papier.Requirement WO 2004/001130 describes a method for making a paper substrate consisting in bringing, in contact with a paper forming fabric, a security thread, the fabric having reliefs making it possible to produce windows on the substrate through which one edge of the thread. security is visible. This method is not suitable for the incorporation into the paper substrate of a security thread having a relatively large width. Indeed, during the incorporation of a wide yarn, visible defects such as a lack of material can appear on the surface of the paper layer.

On connaît également, par les demandes de brevet EP 0 860 298 et EP 0 625 431 , un procédé pour fabriquer un papier de sécurité dans lequel un fil de sécurité est incorporé au sein d'une première couche de papier selon la technique dite « window thread » décrite dans la demande de brevet EP 0 059 056 . Cette couche de papier comporte sur une face une pluralité de fenêtres laissant apparaître le fil de sécurité. Dans le cas où le fil de sécurité présente une largeur relativement importante, notamment supérieure à 2 mm, la première couche est alors assemblée avec une deuxième couche de papier afin de masquer le ou les défauts.We also know, from patent applications EP 0 860 298 and EP 0 625 431 , a process for manufacturing a security paper in which a security thread is incorporated within a first layer of paper according to the so-called “window thread ” technique described in the patent application EP 0 059 056 . This layer of paper has on one side a plurality of windows showing the security thread. In the case where the security thread has a relatively large width, in particular greater than 2 mm, the first layer is then assembled with a second layer of paper in order to mask the defect or defects.

On connaît par ailleurs, par le brevet US 6 428 051 , un papier de sécurité comprenant une couche fibreuse présentant une fenêtre recouverte par un foil, la fenêtre étant réalisée par emboutissage de la couche fibreuse. Les dimensions et/ou la forme de la fenêtre dépendent de l'outil de poinçonnage utilisé, ce qui nécessite le changement de l'outil si l'on souhaite former des fenêtres de dimensions et/ou de formes différentes.We also know from the patent US 6,428,051 , a security paper comprising a fibrous layer having a window covered by a foil, the window being produced by stamping the fibrous layer. The dimensions and / or the shape of the window depend on the punching tool used, which requires changing the tool if it is desired to form windows of different sizes and / or shapes.

On connaît par la demande de brevet DE 10 2005 045 566 une feuille de papier comportant deux jets de papier présentant chacun une zone d'épaisseur nulle, l'un des jets pouvant comporter une bande de sécurité et les zones d'épaisseur nulles pouvant comporter un élément transparent du type polyuréthane placé après séchage de la feuille de papier.We know from the patent application DE 10 2005 045 566 a sheet of paper comprising two jets of paper each having a zone of zero thickness, one of the jets possibly comprising a safety strip and the zones of zero thickness possibly comprising a transparent element of the polyurethane type placed after drying of the sheet of paper.

On connaît également par la demande de brevet français FR 2 891 761 un procédé de fabrication d'un matériau en feuille pouvant comporter des fenêtres réalisées par projection d'un jet de fluide sous pression après réunion des deux jets formant le matériau en feuille.We also know from the French patent application FR 2 891 761 a method of manufacturing a sheet material which may include windows produced by spraying a jet of pressurized fluid after joining the two jets forming the sheet material.

Un but de la présente invention est de fournir un procédé permettant d'obtenir un matériau en feuille avec une fenêtre comprenant un élément de sécurité, de préférence assez large, et notamment ne présentant pas de surépaisseur notable.An object of the present invention is to provide a method making it possible to obtain a sheet material with a window comprising a security element, preferably quite wide, and in particular not exhibiting any appreciable extra thickness.

Ainsi, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'un matériau en feuille selon la revendication 1.Thus, the subject of the invention is a method of manufacturing a sheet material according to claim 1.

On obtient ainsi un matériau en feuille dont la structure comporte, dans la région de superposition de la zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle comportant un élément au moins partiellement transparent du premier jet et un évidement du deuxième jet, une fenêtre transparente.A sheet material is thus obtained, the structure of which comprises, in the region of superposition of the elongated zone of zero thickness comprising an element at least partially transparent of the first ply and a recess of the second ply, a transparent window.

Un avantage de l'invention est qu'en insérant un élément allongé au moins partiellement transparent dans le premier jet durant la formation dudit jet, la fixation dudit élément au moins partiellement transparent avec le premier jet est renforcée, et les risques de délamination de la structure sont fortement diminués. En outre, le fait d'insérer l'élément au moins partiellement transparent puis d'assembler les deux jets pendant que ceux-ci sont encore humides, permet de limiter la formation de surépaisseurs là où des zones fibreuses du premier jet recouvrent ledit élément au moins partiellement transparent. En effet, une fois les deux jets de papier assemblés, la structure ainsi obtenue est séchée selon les procédés classiques de l'industrie papetière, notamment entre des presses ou des cylindres chauffants, ce qui a pour conséquence d'aplatir les éventuelles surépaisseurs et de rendre le matériau en feuille quasiment plan. Enfin, le fait d'insérer l'élément au moins partiellement transparent durant la formation du jet fibreux et non après la fabrication du matériau en feuille rend la reproduction dudit matériau particulièrement difficile, tout en réduisant les coûts de fabrication.An advantage of the invention is that by inserting an elongated element at least partially transparent in the first ply during the formation of said ply, the attachment of said at least partially transparent element with the first ply is reinforced, and the risks of delamination of the ply. structure are greatly diminished. In addition, the fact of inserting the at least partially transparent element and then assembling the two jets while they are still wet, makes it possible to limit the formation of excess thicknesses where fibrous zones of the first ply cover said element at the bottom. less partially transparent. In fact, once the two jets of paper have been assembled, the structure thus obtained is dried according to the conventional methods of the paper industry, in particular between presses or heating rolls, which has the consequence of flattening any excess thicknesses and of make the sheet material almost flat. Finally, the fact of inserting the at least partially transparent element during the formation of the fibrous jet and not after the manufacture of the sheet material makes the reproduction of said material particularly difficult, while reducing the manufacturing costs.

Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les fibres comprennent des fibres de cellulose.According to one embodiment of the invention, the fibers comprise cellulose fibers.

L'élément au moins partiellement transparent du premier jet présente une largeur supérieure à celle de la zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle le comprenant, de sorte que, lors de l'insertion dudit élément au moins partiellement transparent au sein du premier jet, deux bords dudit élément allongé au moins partiellement transparent soient insérés dans le jet fibreux.The at least partially transparent element of the first ply has a width greater than that of the elongated zone of zero thickness comprising it, so that, during the insertion of said at least partially transparent element within the first ply, two edges said at least partially transparent elongate member are inserted into the fibrous jet.

Chaque zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle du premier jet présente une largeur comprise de préférence entre 5 et 50 mm, de préférence encore entre 10 et 25 mm.Each elongated zone of zero thickness of the first ply has a width of preferably between 5 and 50 mm, more preferably between 10 and 25 mm.

Chaque élément au moins partiellement transparent présente une largeur comprise de préférence entre 9 et 60 mm, de préférence encore entre 14 et 35 mm.Each at least partially transparent element has a width preferably between 9 and 60 mm, more preferably between 14 and 35 mm.

Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'élément au moins partiellement transparent présente une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et 50 µm. Avantageusement, cet élément présente la même épaisseur que le premier jet de sorte que la surface extérieure du premier jet est quasiment plane et ne présente pas de surépaisseur notable. Par exemple, le premier jet de la feuille a une épaisseur de 20 µm, et une bande continue de même épaisseur est disposée dans la zone d'épaisseur nulle du premier jet.According to one embodiment of the invention, the at least partially transparent element has a thickness of between 10 and 50 μm. Advantageously, this element has the same thickness as the first ply so that the outer surface of the first ply is almost flat and does not have any appreciable extra thickness. For example, the first ply of the sheet has a thickness of 20 μm, and a continuous strip of the same thickness is placed in the zone of zero thickness of the first ply.

Par rapport aux feuilles de sécurité monojet de l'art antérieur, le procédé selon l'invention présente l'avantage que, le matériau en feuille étant composé de plusieurs jets, on peut adapter l'épaisseur du premier jet à l'épaisseur de l'élément transparent permettant ainsi obtenir une feuille quasi plane, quel que soit le choix de l'épaisseur de l'élément transparent.Compared to the single-ply security sheets of the prior art, the method according to the invention has the advantage that, the sheet material being composed of several plies, the thickness of the first ply can be adapted to the thickness of the ply. transparent element thus making it possible to obtain an almost flat sheet, regardless of the choice of the thickness of the transparent element.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux de l'invention, l'élément au moins partiellement transparent comprend au moins un moyen de sécurisation. En particulier, ledit élément au moins partiellement transparent comprend un dispositif à effet optique variable, interférentiel en particulier iridescent et/ou diffractif, à cristaux liquides, un système de lentilles, un hologramme, un revêtement magnétique, métallique ou cristallin, des fibres magnétiques, des traceurs détectables par résonance magnétique, des traceurs détectables par fluorescence X, des biomarqueurs, un vernis ou une encre, des traceurs luminescents, en particulier fluorescents, des composés photochromiques, thermochromiques, électroluminescents et/ou piézochromiques et/ou tribométriques et/ou qui changent de couleur au contact d'un ou de plusieurs produits prédéterminés, ou tout autre moyen de sécurisation similaire.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the at least partially transparent element comprises at least one securing means. In particular, said at least partially transparent element comprises a device with variable optical effect, interference in particular iridescent and / or diffractive, with liquid crystals, a lens system, a hologram, a magnetic, metallic or crystalline coating, magnetic fibers, tracers detectable by magnetic resonance, tracers detectable by X fluorescence, biomarkers, varnish or ink, luminescent tracers, in particular fluorescent, photochromic, thermochromic, electroluminescent and / or piezochromic and / or tribometric compounds and / or which change color on contact with one or more predetermined products, or any other similar security means.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, au moins un moyen de sécurisation de l'élément au moins partiellement transparent est situé exactement en regard d'un évidement du second jet. On obtient ainsi une feuille de sécurité comprenant au moins un moyen de sécurisation observable au niveau d'une fenêtre. Il est également envisagé que l'élément au moins partiellement transparent comprenne plusieurs moyens de sécurisation dont certains seulement sont situés en regard d'évidements du second jet, et d'autres ne le sont pas.According to a particular embodiment, at least one means of securing the at least partially transparent element is located exactly opposite a recess of the second ply. A security sheet is thus obtained comprising at least one security means observable at the level of a window. It is also envisioned that the at least partially transparent element comprises several securing means, only some of which are located opposite recesses of the second ply, and others are not.

Dans un exemple, l'élément au moins partiellement transparent comprend au moins un moyen de sécurisation situé en regard d'un évidement du second jet, et, au niveau de l'évidemment du second jet, l'épaisseur totale de l'élément au moins partiellement transparent est proche de l'épaisseur du matériau en feuille. Par exemple, l'élément au moins partiellement transparent présente une épaisseur de 20 µm avec des surépaisseurs d'une épaisseur de 40 µm au niveau des évidements du second jet, dans lesquelles on peut placer un moyen de sécurisation.In one example, the at least partially transparent element comprises at least one securing means located opposite a recess of the second ply, and, at In terms of the second ply recess, the total thickness of the at least partially transparent element is close to the thickness of the sheet material. For example, the at least partially transparent element has a thickness of 20 μm with extra thicknesses of a thickness of 40 μm at the level of the recesses of the second ply, in which a securing means can be placed.

Un avantage de la feuille de sécurité selon l'invention, est que sa structure lui permet de comporter des dispositifs qui sont d'épaisseur plus élevée que les foils généralement utilisés dans les fenêtres transparentes, tels que des puces ou des dispositifs tactiles. En effet, les foils utilisés habituellement ont une épaisseur de l'ordre de 5 à 10 µm, alors que des puces ou des dispositifs tactiles peuvent avoir des épaisseurs de 30 à 90 µm.An advantage of the security sheet according to the invention is that its structure allows it to include devices which are of greater thickness than the foils generally used in transparent windows, such as chips or touch devices. In fact, the foils usually used have a thickness of the order of 5 to 10 μm, while chips or touch devices can have thicknesses of 30 to 90 μm.

Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, ledit élément au moins partiellement transparent peut être, par exemple, un patch, ou de préférence une bande continue.According to one embodiment of the invention, said at least partially transparent element can be, for example, a patch, or preferably a continuous strip.

Par "patch" on entend ici un élément plan présentant des dimensions réduites, c'est à dire très inférieures à celles du support sur lequel il est apposé, notamment de forme carrée, ronde ou ovale. Par exemple, ledit élément au moins partiellement transparent peut se présenter comme un patch ayant la forme d'un carré de 1,5 cm de côté.By "patch" is meant here a flat element having reduced dimensions, that is to say much smaller than those of the support on which it is affixed, in particular of square, round or oval shape. For example, said at least partially transparent element may be in the form of a patch having the shape of a square with a side of 1.5 cm.

De préférence, l'élément allongé au moins partiellement transparent du premier jet est une bande continue et présente la même longueur que la zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle le comprenant.Preferably, the at least partially transparent elongate element of the first ply is a continuous strip and has the same length as the elongated zone of zero thickness comprising it.

Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le support de l'élément au moins partiellement transparent est en un matériau synthétique, par exemple un film en polyester.According to one embodiment of the invention, the support of the at least partially transparent element is made of a synthetic material, for example a polyester film.

De préférence la zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle et ledit élément au moins partiellement transparent sont de forme rectangulaire, présentent la même épaisseur et s'étendent tout le long dudit premier jet. Par exemple, l'élément au moins partiellement transparent est une bande continue dont la longueur correspond à celles de la zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle du premier jet et la largeur est supérieure de 6 mm à celle de la zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle, de sorte que ladite zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle est entièrement compensée par ladite bande continue. De cette manière, on obtient avantageusement une feuille de sécurité dont la face correspondant au premier jet est plane.Preferably, the elongated zone of zero thickness and said at least partially transparent element are rectangular in shape, have the same thickness and extend all along said first ply. For example, the at least partially transparent element is a continuous strip whose length corresponds to those of the elongated zone of zero thickness of the first ply and the width is 6 mm greater than that of the elongated zone of zero thickness, so that said elongated zone of zero thickness is fully compensated by said continuous strip. In this way, a security sheet is advantageously obtained, the face corresponding to the first ply of which is flat.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le premier jet comporte plusieurs zones allongées d'épaisseur nulle, parallèles les unes aux autres et comprenant des éléments au moins partiellement transparents, selon toute la surface du premier jet de sorte que ledit premier jet se présente comme une succession de bandes fibreuses et de bandes au moins partiellement transparentes parallèles.According to a preferred embodiment, the first ply comprises several elongated zones of zero thickness, parallel to each other and comprising elements at the less partially transparent, along the entire surface of the first ply so that said first ply is in the form of a succession of fibrous bands and at least partially transparent parallel bands.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, le premier jet comprend en outre au moins un manque de matière au moins partiel, situé dans au moins une région fibreuse. De cette manière, on obtient un premier jet structuré particulièrement difficile à imiter. De plus, une telle structure permet, grâce à la présence des manques de matière, d'obtenir des effets tactiles permettant une reconnaissance du matériau au toucher.According to another embodiment of the invention, the first ply further comprises at least one at least partial lack of material, located in at least one fibrous region. In this way, we obtain a structured first draft which is particularly difficult to imitate. In addition, such a structure allows, thanks to the presence of material shortages, to obtain tactile effects allowing recognition of the material by touch.

Selon un mode de réalisation, les manques de matière sont partiels, c'est à dire que, au niveau desdits manques, l'épaisseur du premier jet est réduite. Le cas échéant, si l'épaisseur du premier jet est suffisamment réduite au niveau des manques de matière, lesdits manques permettent d'observer le second jet par transparence.According to one embodiment, the material shortages are partial, that is to say that, at the level of said shortages, the thickness of the first ply is reduced. Where appropriate, if the thickness of the first ply is sufficiently reduced in terms of the material gaps, said gaps allow the second ply to be observed by transparency.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, les manques de matière sont totaux, c'est à dire que, au niveau desdits manques, l'épaisseur du premier jet est nulle. Dans ce cas particulier, les manques de matière permettent d'observer directement le second jet.According to another embodiment, the material shortages are total, that is to say that, at the level of said shortages, the thickness of the first ply is zero. In this particular case, the shortages of material make it possible to observe the second jet directly.

Selon un mode de réalisation, les manques peuvent s'étendre sur toute la largeur de la région fibreuse dans laquelle ils sont situés.According to one embodiment, the voids can extend over the entire width of the fibrous region in which they are located.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation, les manques de matière ne s'étendent pas sur toute la largeur de la région fibreuse dans laquelle ils se situent.In another embodiment, the material shortages do not extend across the full width of the fibrous region in which they are located.

Les manques peuvent être de différentes formes, par exemple géométrique telle que circulaire, triangulaire, carrée, rectangulaire ou similaire.The gaps can be of different shapes, for example geometric such as circular, triangular, square, rectangular or the like.

De préférence, et afin d'assurer une bonne solidité et une bonne cohésion de la structure du matériau en feuille, l'évidement du second jet présente une largeur inférieure ou égale à la largeur de la zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle du premier jet. De préférence, la largeur de chaque évidement du second jet est inférieure d'au moins 5mm à la largeur de la zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle du premier jet correspondante.Preferably, and in order to ensure good strength and good cohesion of the structure of the sheet material, the recess of the second ply has a width less than or equal to the width of the elongated zone of zero thickness of the first ply. Preferably, the width of each recess of the second ply is at least 5mm less than the width of the elongated zone of zero thickness of the corresponding first ply.

Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, et afin d'augmenter son niveau de sécurisation, le premier et/ou le second jet du matériau en feuille comprend au moins un élément de sécurité. Avantageusement, les éléments de sécurité sont placés dans le jet le plus épais, de préférence le deuxième jet. Par exemple le premier et/ou le second jet contient un filigrane ou un fil de sécurité.According to one embodiment of the invention, and in order to increase its level of security, the first and / or the second ply of sheet material comprises at least one security element. Advantageously, the security elements are placed in the thickest ply, preferably the second ply. For example the first and / or the second ply contains a watermark or a security thread.

Dans le mode de réalisation où les régions fibreuses du premier jet comprennent des manques, il est particulièrement avantageux que le second jet comprenne des éléments de sécurité situés en regard de ces manques.In the embodiment where the fibrous regions of the first ply include gaps, it is particularly advantageous for the second ply to include security elements located opposite these gaps.

Un des avantages de l'invention est que selon un mode de réalisation particulier, un des jets peut contenir un fil de sécurité large, c'est à dire dont la largeur est supérieure à 2 mm, notamment comprise entre 2 et 10 mm, de préférence égale à environ 3 mm, la zone d'incorporation de ce fil étant recouverte par l'autre jet qui masque ainsi les défauts que le fil a crées.One of the advantages of the invention is that according to a particular embodiment, one of the jets can contain a wide security thread, that is to say the width of which is greater than 2 mm, in particular between 2 and 10 mm, of preferably equal to approximately 3 mm, the zone of incorporation of this wire being covered by the other jet which thus masks the defects that the wire has created.

Les évidements du second jet peuvent être de différentes formes géométriques, par exemple de forme circulaire, rectangulaire, carrée, ovoïde, triangulaire, hexagonale ou similaire. On peut encore envisager que les évidements aient la forme de caractères alphanumériques, de symboles.The recesses of the second ply can be of different geometric shapes, for example circular, rectangular, square, ovoid, triangular, hexagonal or the like. It is also possible to envisage that the recesses have the form of alphanumeric characters, of symbols.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, le second jet comprend plusieurs évidements agencés de façon à former un code.In a particular embodiment, the second ply comprises several recesses arranged so as to form a code.

Selon l'utilisation ultérieure envisagée du matériau en feuille selon l'invention, son épaisseur totale peut varier entre 70 µm et 2 mm, de préférence entre 90 et 300 µm.According to the envisaged subsequent use of the sheet material according to the invention, its total thickness may vary between 70 μm and 2 mm, preferably between 90 and 300 μm.

Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les premier et second jets ont des épaisseurs égales.According to one embodiment of the invention, the first and second jets have equal thicknesses.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, le premier et le second jets ont des épaisseurs différentes. En particulier, le second jet comportant les évidements a une épaisseur supérieure à 60 µm, afin d'éviter une fragilisation du second jet due à la présence d'évidements, ce jet devant être relativement solide pour supporter le premier jet lors de la fabrication du matériau en feuille. Le premier jet, étant constitué de bandes de papier continues peut lui être plus fin. Par exemple, le matériau en feuille présente une épaisseur totale de 110 µm, le premier jet étant épais de 25 µm et le second jet étant épais de 85 µm.According to another embodiment of the invention, the first and the second jets have different thicknesses. In particular, the second ply comprising the recesses has a thickness greater than 60 μm, in order to avoid weakening of the second ply due to the presence of recesses, this ply having to be relatively strong in order to support the first ply during the manufacture of the ply. sheet material. The first ply, consisting of continuous strips of paper, can be thinner. For example, the sheet material has a total thickness of 110 µm, the first ply being 25 µm thick and the second ply being 85 µm thick.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, le second jet du matériau en feuille comprend au moins un filigrane à effet multiton situé en regard de l'élément au moins partiellement transparent d'une zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle du premier jet. Un tel filigrane multiton est composé de zones claires, c'est à dire de zones d'épaisseur inférieure à l'épaisseur du reste de la feuille, agencées de manière à constituer un motif tramé. On a décrit de tels filigranes tramés dans la demande de brevet EP 1122360 .According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the second ply of sheet material comprises at least one multitone effect watermark located opposite the at least partially transparent element of an elongated zone of zero thickness of the first ply. Such a multitone watermark is composed of light areas, that is to say areas of thickness less than the thickness of the rest of the sheet, arranged so as to constitute a halftone pattern. Such screened watermarks have been described in the patent application EP 1122360 .

Ce mode de réalisation est particulièrement avantageux car il permet d'augmenter la durabilité d'un filigrane à effet multiton. En effet, les filigranes à effet multiton sont des éléments de sécurité très difficiles à reproduire. Toutefois, leur réalisation nécessite de diminuer localement l'épaisseur de la feuille de papier de façon très importante, ce qui les rend sensibles à l'usure et engendre le risque que la feuille de papier se troue. Ce risque est d'autant plus important que les documents comprenant des feuilles de sécurité, tels que des billets de banque, sont amenés à être très fréquemment manipulés. En plaçant le filigrane à effet multiton en regard d'un élément au moins partiellement transparent d'une zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle dudit premier jet, on protège ledit filigrane à effet multiton et on prévient le risque de formation de trou.This embodiment is particularly advantageous because it makes it possible to increase the durability of a multitone effect watermark. Indeed, multitone effect watermarks are very difficult to reproduce security features. However, their production requires locally reducing the thickness of the sheet of paper very significantly, which makes them sensitive to wear and creates the risk that the sheet of paper is punctured. This risk is all the more important since the documents comprising security sheets, such as banknotes, have to be handled very frequently. By placing the multitone effect watermark opposite an at least partially transparent element of an elongated zone of zero thickness of said first ply, said multitone effect watermark is protected and the risk of hole formation is prevented.

Selon un cas particulier de l'invention, on réalise ladite zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle du premier jet par une suppression de la filtration de la suspension sur au moins une zone de la toile de ladite première forme ronde ou dudit former.According to a particular case of the invention, said elongated zone of zero thickness of the first ply is produced by eliminating the filtration of the suspension on at least one area of the fabric of said first round shape or of said former.

Selon un cas particulier de l'invention, la suppression de la filtration sur la première forme ronde ou sur le former est réalisée par dépôt de zones de masquage sur le périmètre de ladite première forme ronde ou dudit former. Par exemple ces zones de masquage sont réalisées au moyen de masques en un film adhésif, en métal, en une colle ou encore en un vernis.According to a particular case of the invention, the elimination of filtration on the first round shape or on the former is carried out by depositing masking zones on the perimeter of said first round shape or of said former. For example, these masking zones are produced by means of masks made of an adhesive film, of metal, of an adhesive or even of a varnish.

Selon un autre cas particulier de l'invention, la toile de ladite première forme ronde ou du former est de plus munie de pièces empêchant la filtration de la suspension de façon à former des manques totaux dans la matière fibreuse du premier jet.According to another particular case of the invention, the fabric of said first round shape or of the former is further provided with parts preventing filtration of the suspension so as to form total gaps in the fibrous material of the first ply.

Selon encore un autre cas particulier de l'invention, la toile de ladite première forme ronde ou former présente des embossements de façon à former des manques partiels dans la matière fibreuse du premier jet.According to yet another particular case of the invention, the fabric of said first round shape or form has embossments so as to form partial gaps in the fibrous material of the first ply.

Dans ces deux cas particuliers, on obtient ainsi un matériau en feuille présentant un premier jet structuré particulièrement difficile à reproduire.In these two particular cases, a sheet material is thus obtained having a structured first ply which is particularly difficult to reproduce.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, on réalise ladite zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle du premier jet par enlèvement de matière au moyen d'une projection d'un jet de fluide sous pression, notamment un jet d'eau ou d'air, sur le premier jet encore humide, avant son assemblage avec le second jet.According to another embodiment of the invention, said elongated zone of zero thickness of the first ply is produced by removing material by means of a projection of a jet of pressurized fluid, in particular a jet of water or water. air, on the first still wet jet, before its assembly with the second jet.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'évidement du second jet est réalisé par embossage en relief de la toile de la seconde forme ronde, ce qui empêche le dépôt de matière fibreuse au niveau des embossements.According to one embodiment, the recess of the second ply is produced by embossing in relief the fabric of the second round shape, which prevents the deposition of fibrous material at the embossments.

Il est également envisagé d'obtenir les évidements par la fixation sur la toile de la seconde forme ronde de pièces empêchant la filtration, par exemple une pièce de métal, notamment un électrotype (c'est à dire une plaque de métal, généralement en bronze), une pièce de colle, ou une pièce de résine. La forme de la pièce donnera ainsi la forme de l'évidement. Il est envisagé d'utiliser des pièces de différentes formes pour faire des évidements de formes différentes.It is also envisaged to obtain the recesses by fixing the second round shape on the canvas of parts preventing filtration, for example a piece of metal, in particular an electrotype (that is to say a metal plate, generally made of bronze. ), a piece of glue, or a piece of resin. The shape of the part will thus give the shape of the recess. It is envisaged to use parts of different shapes to make recesses of different shapes.

Enfin, on peut réaliser les évidements par enlèvement de matière au moyen d'une projection d'un jet de fluide sous pression, notamment un jet d'eau, sur le second jet encore humide, avant son assemblage avec le premier jet.Finally, the recesses can be made by removing material by spraying a jet of pressurized fluid, in particular a water jet, onto the second jet which is still wet, before it is assembled with the first jet.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, la première forme ronde ou le former, et la seconde forme ronde sont synchronisées pour que le au moins un évidement du second jet vienne en regard de la zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle comprenant un élément au moins partiellement transparent du premier jet.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first round shape or form it, and the second round shape are synchronized so that the at least one recess of the second ply comes opposite the elongated zone of zero thickness comprising an element at least partially transparent from the first draft.

L'invention concerne également un document de sécurité obtenu selon le procédé décrit ci-dessus. Par exemple, l'invention concerne un moyen de paiement tel qu'un billet de banque ou un chèque, un document d'identité tel qu'une carte d'identité, un permis de conduire, une page de passeport ou un visa, ou un titre tel qu'un titre de propriété ou un diplôme, ou tout autre document à base de papier nécessitant une sécurisation, ou encore un emballage sécurisé ou une étiquette.The invention also relates to a security document obtained according to the method described above. For example, the invention relates to a means of payment such as a bank note or a check, an identity document such as an identity card, a driving license, a passport page or a visa, or a title such as a title deed or a diploma, or any other paper-based document requiring security, or a secure packaging or label.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, le document de sécurité est tel que ledit premier jet comprend au moins deux éléments de sécurité en regard d'au moins deux évidements du deuxième jet, lesdits deux éléments de sécurité étant placés de sorte à se superposer lorsque le document de sécurité est plié, pour former une sécurisation ou une information supplémentaire. Par exemple, un premier élément de sécurité peut être un réseau lenticulaire qui recouvrira un second élément de sécurité constitué par une image invisible, qui ne sera révélée que lors de la superposition des deux éléments de sécurité. Dans un autre exemple, un premier élément de sécurité sera un filtre polarisé et un second élément de sécurité sera des cristaux liquides, formant, par exemple, une image révélée par le filtre.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the security document is such that said first ply comprises at least two security elements facing at least two recesses of the second ply, said two security elements being placed so as to overlap when the security document is folded, to form a security or additional information. For example, a first security element can be a lenticular array which will cover a second security element constituted by an invisible image, which will only be revealed when the two security elements are superimposed. In another example, a first security element will be a polarized filter and a second security element will be liquid crystals, forming, for example, an image revealed by the filter.

L'invention concerne encore un matériau en feuille selon la revendication 14.The invention further relates to a sheet material according to claim 14.

Le matériau en feuille peut comporter, une au moins des caractéristiques définies précédemment.The sheet material may include at least one of the characteristics defined above.

L'invention pourra être mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, d'exemples de mise en œuvre non limitatifs de l'invention, et à l'examen du dossier annexé, sur lequel :

  • la figure 1 est un schéma illustrant les différentes étapes du procédé selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est un schéma illustrant une étape particulière du procédé selon l'invention,
  • la figure 3 est un schéma illustrant une des formes rondes utilisées pour la fabrication d'un matériau en feuille selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 4 représente une vue transversale d'un matériau en feuille obtenu selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 5 représente une vue de dessus du matériau en feuille de la figure 4,
  • la figure 6 représente une vue de dessus d'un matériau en feuille selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, et
  • la figure 7 représente une vue de dessus d'un billet de banque obtenu par un procédé selon l'invention.
The invention may be better understood from reading the detailed description which follows, of non-limiting examples of implementation of the invention, and from examining the attached file, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the different steps of the method according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 is a diagram illustrating a particular step of the method according to the invention,
  • the figure 3 is a diagram illustrating one of the round shapes used for the manufacture of a sheet material according to an embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 4 represents a transverse view of a sheet material obtained according to an embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 5 shows a top view of the sheet material of the figure 4 ,
  • the figure 6 shows a top view of a sheet material according to another embodiment of the invention, and
  • the figure 7 shows a top view of a banknote obtained by a method according to the invention.

Par souci de clarté, les proportions relatives des différents élément représentés n'ont pas toujours été respectées, et les vues étant schématiques, dans les figures 4 à 6 suivantes on a représenté une seule zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle du premier jet du matériau en feuille, entourée de deux zones en matière fibreuse.For the sake of clarity, the relative proportions of the various elements represented have not always been respected, and the views being schematic, in the figures 4 to 6 The following shows a single elongated zone of zero thickness of the first ply of sheet material, surrounded by two zones of fibrous material.

La figure 1 est un schéma illustrant les différentes étapes d'un mode de réalisation du procédé de fabrication selon l'invention.The figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the different steps of an embodiment of the manufacturing method according to the invention.

Un premier jet 2, présentant des zones allongées d'épaisseur nulle 4, est réalisé à partir d'une suspension aqueuse de fibres de cellulose, au moyen d'une première forme ronde R1 sur la toile de laquelle sont déposés des masques M. De cette façon, la suspension fibreuse ne se dépose que dans les régions dépourvues de masques M. Dans le même temps, une bande continue en un plastique transparent 10, non représentée, est insérée dans le premier jet au niveau des masques M, cette bande continue étant plus large que les masques. On obtient ainsi un premier jet humide 2 constitué d'une alternance de zones allongées d'épaisseur nulle 4 dans lesquelles apparaissent des bandes en plastique transparent et de zones en matières fibreuse.A first ply 2, having elongated zones of zero thickness 4, is made from an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibers, by means of a first round shape R1 on the fabric of which masks M. De are deposited. in this way, the fibrous suspension is deposited only in the regions without masks M. At the same time, a continuous strip of transparent plastic 10, not shown, is inserted into the first ply at the masks M, this strip continues being wider than masks. A first wet jet 2 is thus obtained consisting of an alternation of elongated zones of zero thickness 4 in which transparent plastic bands appear and of zones of fibrous material.

Le premier jet 2 ainsi formé est amené vers une seconde forme ronde R2 afin d'être déposé sur le second jet fibreux 5 en formation. Le second jet 5 est formé sur la toile de la seconde forme ronde, sur laquelle on a fixé des éléments empêchant la filtration de la suspension. Les éléments sont placés à des positions repérées de sorte qu'ils forment des évidements 6 en correspondance avec les positions des zones allongées d'épaisseur nulle 4 du premier jet 2. On obtient ainsi un second jet humide 5 constitué de matière fibreuse présentant des évidements 6.The first ply 2 thus formed is brought to a second round shape R2 in order to be deposited on the second fibrous ply 5 being formed. The second ply 5 is formed on the fabric of the second round shape, on which elements have been fixed preventing the filtration of the suspension. The elements are placed at marked positions so that they form recesses 6 in correspondence with the positions of the elongated zones of zero thickness 4 of the first ply 2. A second wet ply 5 is thus obtained consisting of fibrous material having recesses. 6.

Au niveau de la sortie de la deuxième forme, le premier jet 2 est déposé sur le second jet 5. On obtient une feuille bijet qui peut alors recevoir un traitement de surface ou d'imprégnation par exemple de renforcement de la surface par du PVA et/ou de résistance à la salissure ou bien encore d'amélioration de l'imprimabilité, notamment au moyen d'une presse encolleuse ou d'une imprégnatrice. Cette feuille est ensuite séchée et bobinée selon des procédures habituelles.At the exit from the second form, the first ply 2 is deposited on the second ply 5. A two-ply sheet is obtained which can then receive a surface treatment or impregnation, for example of reinforcement of the surface with PVA and / or resistance to soiling or even improvement of printability, in particular by means of a size press or an impregnator. This sheet is then dried and wound up according to usual procedures.

La figure 2 est un schéma illustrant un détail l'étape d'un mode de réalisation du procédé selon l'invention, dans laquelle le premier jet fibreux 2 est formé sur une machine à forme ronde R1.The figure 2 is a diagram illustrating a detail of the step of an embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which the first fibrous ply 2 is formed on a round-forming machine R1.

Une bande continue en un matériau plastique transparent 10 est amenée au contact du premier jet fibreux en formation 2. La bande continue 10 est placée de telle façon que son centre soit situé au niveau d'un masque M et ses bords au contact des fibres se déposant sur des zones dépourvues de la forme ronde R1.A continuous strip of transparent plastic material 10 is brought into contact with the first fibrous ply in formation 2. The continuous strip 10 is placed such that its center is located at the level of a mask M and its edges in contact with the fibers are depositing on areas devoid of the round shape R1.

La figure 3 est un schéma illustrant la première forme ronde R1 utilisée dans un procédé de fabrication d'un matériau en feuille 1 selon l'invention, dans le cas particulier où le premier jet fibreux 2 dudit matériau en feuille 1 comporte des zones allongées d'épaisseur nulle 4 et des régions fibreuses comprenant des manques totaux de matière 8.The figure 3 is a diagram illustrating the first round shape R1 used in a method of manufacturing a sheet material 1 according to the invention, in the particular case where the first fibrous ply 2 of said sheet material 1 comprises elongated zones of zero thickness 4 and fibrous regions comprising total material shortages 8.

La toile T de la première forme ronde R1 comporte des masques rectangulaires en un film adhésif M, déposés sur de manière à s'étendre, à intervalle régulier, sur tout le périmètre de la forme ronde R1. Ainsi, au niveau desdits masques M, la suspension de fibres ne se dépose pas, et le premier jet fibreux 2 présentera des zones d'épaisseur nulle 4 Dans l'exemple illustré, la première forme ronde R1 comporte en outre des pièces rectangulaires en métal P déposées sur la toile T, entre deux masques M adjacents. Ces pièces P empêchent la filtration de la suspension de fibre, donc de tout dépôt fibreux, de sorte que les régions fibreuses 3 du premier jet 2 présentent des manques totaux de matière 7.The canvas T of the first round shape R1 comprises rectangular masks made of an adhesive film M, deposited on so as to extend, at regular intervals, over the entire perimeter of the round shape R1. Thus, at the level of said masks M, the suspension of fibers is not deposited, and the first fibrous ply 2 will present zones of zero thickness 4 In the example illustrated, the first round shape R1 further comprises rectangular pieces of metal P deposited on the fabric T, between two adjacent masks M. These parts P prevent the filtration of the fiber suspension, and therefore of any fibrous deposit, so that the fibrous regions 3 of the first ply 2 have total shortages of material 7.

La figure 4 et la figure 5 illustrent un matériau en feuille obtenue selon un mode de réalisation du procédé de l'invention, les surépaisseurs au niveau des zones d'épaisseur nulle 4 étant volontairement exagéré.The figure 4 and the figure 5 illustrate a sheet material obtained according to an embodiment of the method of the invention, the extra thicknesses at the level of the zones of zero thickness 4 being deliberately exaggerated.

Le matériau en feuille 1 est constitué de deux jets de matière fibreuse. Le premier jet de matière fibreuse 2 présente une alternance de zones allongées en matière fibreuse 3 et de zones allongées d'épaisseur nulle 4 dans lesquelles sont disposées des bandes 10 en un matériau plastique transparent, par exemple un polyester, les bords desdites bandes 10 étant insérés dans les zones allongées en matière fibreuse 3 dudit premier jet 2. Le second jet de matière fibreuse 5 présente plusieurs évidements rectangulaires 6 situés en regard d'une zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle 4 du premier jet 2.The sheet material 1 consists of two plies of fibrous material. The first ply of fibrous material 2 has an alternation of elongated areas of fibrous material 3 and elongated areas of zero thickness 4 in which bands 10 of transparent plastic material, for example a polyester, are arranged, the edges of said bands 10 being inserted into the elongated zones of fibrous material 3 of said first ply 2. The second ply of fibrous material 5 has several rectangular recesses 6 located opposite an elongated zone of zero thickness 4 of the first ply 2.

En particulier, dans le cas illustré dans les figures 4 et 5, le premier et le second jets ont des épaisseurs différentes, le premier jet 2 ayant une épaisseur de 40µm et le second jet ayant une épaisseur de 70µm. Le second jet de matière fibreuse 5 présente plusieurs évidements circulaires 6 situés en regard d'une zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle 4 du premier jet 2. De plus la bande transparente 10 a la même épaisseur que la zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle 4 dans laquelle elle est insérée, de sorte que la face de la feuille est quasiment plane.In particular, in the case illustrated in the figures 4 and 5 , the first and the second plies have different thicknesses, the first ply 2 having a thickness of 40 μm and the second ply having a thickness of 70 μm. The second ply of fibrous material 5 has several circular recesses 6 located opposite an elongated zone of zero thickness 4 of the first ply 2. In addition, the transparent strip 10 has the same thickness as the elongated zone of zero thickness 4 in which it is inserted, so that the face of the sheet is almost flat.

La figure 6 illustre un matériau en feuille obtenu selon un mode de réalisation dans lequel le matériau en feuille 1 comprend un premier jet 2 et un second jet 5 de matière fibreuse. Le premier jet de matière fibreuse 2 comprend des zones allongées d'épaisseur nulle 4 dans lesquelles sont disposées des bandes en un matériau plastique transparent 10, des zones en matière fibreuse 7 présentant des manques 8 de forme rectangulaire s'étendant sur toute la largeur desdites zones en matière fibreuse, ainsi que de régions fibreuses 3 dépourvues de manques. De la même façon que dans le mode de réalisation illustré dans les figures 4 et 5, le second jet 5 présente plusieurs évidements rectangulaires 6 situés en regard d'une zone allongée d'épaisseur nulle 4 du premier jet.The figure 6 illustrates a sheet material obtained according to an embodiment in which the sheet material 1 comprises a first ply 2 and a second ply 5 of fibrous material. The first ply of fibrous material 2 comprises elongated zones of zero thickness 4 in which are arranged strips of a transparent plastic material 10, zones of fibrous material 7 having gaps 8 of rectangular shape extending over the entire width of said areas of fibrous material, as well as fibrous regions 3 devoid of gaps. In the same way as in the embodiment illustrated in the figures 4 and 5 , the second ply 5 has several rectangular recesses 6 located opposite an elongated zone of zero thickness 4 of the first ply.

La figure 7 illustre un billet de banque 11 obtenu par un procédé selon l'invention, qui comprend un matériau en feuille 9 présenté dans les figure 4 et 5 et un filigrane 12 réalisé dans le second jet 5.The figure 7 illustrates a banknote 11 obtained by a method according to the invention, which comprises a sheet material 9 shown in the figure 4 and 5 and a watermark 12 made in the second ply 5.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples de mise en œuvre qui viennent d'être décrits. Les caractéristiques des divers exemples décrits peuvent notamment se combiner au sein de variantes non illustrées.Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples of implementation which have just been described. The characteristics of the various examples described can in particular be combined within variants that are not illustrated.

L'expression « comportant un » doit être comprise comme étant synonyme de « comportant au moins un », sauf si le contraire est spécifié.The expression “comprising a” should be understood as being synonymous with “comprising at least one”, unless specified to the contrary.

Claims (14)

  1. A method for manufacturing a sheet material including at least two fibrous plies juxtaposed on each other, said method including the following steps:
    - making a first paper ply, including at least one elongate area of zero thickness, by filtration of an aqueous suspension of fibers on the wire of a first round mould or of a former, an at least partly transparent element being inserted in said ply during formation of said ply, and such that said at least partly transparent element is positioned in at least said zero thickness elongate area and has a larger width then the width of said at least zero thickness elongate area comprising it,
    - making a second paper ply on the wire of a second round mould, so as to form at least one recess in said second ply,
    - joining both plies so that at least one recess of the second ply is located facing said at least one elongate area of zero thickness of the first ply including an at least partly transparent element and thereby forming a window,
    - drying the thereby obtained structure.
  2. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the width of said at least one zero thickness area of the first ply is comprised between 5 and 50 mm, preferably between 10 and 25 mm.
  3. The method according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width of said at least partly transparent element is comprised between 9 and 60 mm, preferably between 14 and 35 mm.
  4. The method according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that said transparent element has a thickness larger than 10 µm, preferably a thickness comprised between 10 and 50 µm.
  5. The method according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least partly transparent element has the same thickness as said first ply.
  6. The method according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least partly transparent element includes at least one securization means and characterized in that said securization means is selected from a device with a variable, interferential, iridescent and/or diffractive, optical effect, with liquid crystals, a lens system, a hologram, a magnetic, metal or crystalline coating, magnetic fibers, tracers detectable by magnetic resonance, tracers detectable by X fluorescence, biomarkers, a varnish or an ink, luminescent tracers, fluorescent tracers, photochromic, thermochromic, electroluminescent and/or piezochromic and/or tribometric compounds and/or compounds which change colour upon contact with one or more predetermined products and/or a chip.
  7. The method according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least partly transparent element is a continuous strip.
  8. The method according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that said first ply further comprises at least one at least partial absence of material in at least one region of non-zero thickness, and in that said at least one absence extends over the whole width of the non-zero thickness region comprising it.
  9. The method according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that said zero thickness elongate area of the first ply is made by suppressing filtration over at least one area of the wire of the first round mould or of the former which is achieved by depositing masking areas on the perimeter of said first round mould or said former.
  10. The method according to anyone of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said zero thickness elongate area of the first ply is made by removing material by means of a projection of a pressurized fluid jet, before assembling it with the second ply, and in that said pressurized fluid jet is a water jet or an air jet.
  11. The method according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one recess on the second ply is made by embossing the wire of the second round mould.
  12. The method according to anyone of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said at least one recess on the second ply is obtained by means of attaching on the wire of the second round mould, parts preventing the filtration.
  13. The method according to anyone of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said at least one recess on the second ply is obtained by removing material by means of a projection of a pressurized fluid jet, notably a water jet, on the still moist second ply, before assembling it with the first ply.
  14. A sheet material including:
    - at least two fibrous plies juxtaposed on each other,
    - a first paper ply, including at least one zero thickness elongate area, at least one partly transparent element being inserted in said ply during the formation of said ply,
    - a second paper ply,
    - at least one recess in said second ply,
    at least one recess of the second jet being located facing said at least one zero thickness elongate area of the first ply including an at least partly transparent element.
EP08827310.7A 2007-07-11 2008-07-11 Process for manufacturing a sheet material Active EP2173946B2 (en)

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FR0756415A FR2918680B1 (en) 2007-07-11 2007-07-11 METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SHEET MATERIAL
PCT/FR2008/051318 WO2009022071A2 (en) 2007-07-11 2008-07-11 Process for manufacturing a sheet material

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DE102005022018A1 (en) * 2005-05-12 2006-11-16 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Security paper and process for its production
DE102005032815A1 (en) * 2005-07-12 2007-01-18 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Method for producing a security paper, paper screen and forming element for paper screen
UA99905C2 (en) * 2006-10-27 2012-10-25 Крейн Энд Ко., Инк. Soil and/or moisture resistant secure document
FR2953965B1 (en) * 2009-12-14 2011-11-25 Arjowiggins Security SECURITY ELEMENT COMPRISING AN OPTICAL STRUCTURE
AU2011309108B2 (en) * 2010-09-28 2014-11-20 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. Booklet having anti-counterfeiting function, and method for producing same
CN103835178B (en) * 2012-11-27 2016-09-14 昆山钞票纸业有限公司 Safety paper windowing method and used device and the cheque paper that produced of manufacturing paper with pulp thereof
CN104005266A (en) * 2014-06-14 2014-08-27 莱阳银通纸业有限公司 Safety-line anti-counterfeiting paper with windows in the middle, manufacturing method thereof and meshing and forming system
CN111819325B (en) 2018-01-05 2023-05-12 国际纸业公司 Paper product with increased bending stiffness and transverse strength and method of making same

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DE4314380B4 (en) * 1993-05-01 2009-08-06 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Security paper and process for its production
DE69422029T2 (en) * 1993-09-28 2000-08-10 Arjo Wiggins Sa SECURITY PAPER WITH A TRANSPARENT ZONE WHICH OPACITY IS ALMOST ZERO
FR2827986B1 (en) * 2001-07-30 2004-04-02 Arjo Wiggins Sa METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AN ARTICLE INCLUDING A FIBROUS LAYER AND AT LEAST ONE ELECTRONIC CHIP, AND ARTICLE THUS OBTAINED
RU2207417C1 (en) * 2002-08-14 2003-06-27 Объединение государственных предприятий и организаций по производству государственных знаков (Объединение "Гознак") Method of producing paper protected from counterfeit and paper protected from counterfeit
CH699167B1 (en) * 2003-11-28 2010-01-29 Landqart Security paper and method for its production.
DE102005045566A1 (en) * 2005-03-23 2006-09-28 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Multi-layer security paper
FR2891761B1 (en) * 2005-10-06 2008-04-04 Arjowiggins Security Soc Par A METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SHEET MATERIAL COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE WINDOW.
US7910502B1 (en) * 2006-03-31 2011-03-22 Honeywell International Inc. Liquid submersion ballistic performance through hybridization

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PL2173946T5 (en) 2023-06-05
ES2436144T5 (en) 2021-04-06
ES2436144T3 (en) 2013-12-27
FR2918680B1 (en) 2009-10-16
CA2692479A1 (en) 2009-02-19
PL2173946T3 (en) 2014-01-31
RU2010104171A (en) 2011-08-20
EP2173946B1 (en) 2013-09-04
EP2173946A2 (en) 2010-04-14
US20100207377A1 (en) 2010-08-19
WO2009022071A2 (en) 2009-02-19
RU2482234C2 (en) 2013-05-20
CN101743359A (en) 2010-06-16
WO2009022071A3 (en) 2009-04-09
FR2918680A1 (en) 2009-01-16
BRPI0813542A2 (en) 2014-12-23
BRPI0813542B1 (en) 2019-01-15

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